Artificial Intelligence
Steven Spielberg's 2001 American science fiction picture A.I., sometimes known as Artificial
Intelligence, was released in theaters nationwide. The 1969 short story "Supertoys Last All
Summer Long" by Brian Aldiss served as the inspiration for Spielberg's script and Ian
Watson's screen story. The movie, which is set in a post-climate change future world, stars
Haley Joel Osment as David, an adorable android who has been specially engineered to be
able to love. In supporting roles, Jude Law, Frances O'Connor, Brendan Gleeson, and William
Hurt all shine.
After producer/director Stanley Kubrick purchased the rights to Aldiss' story in the early
1970s, development of A.I. officially started. Up to the mid-1990s, Kubrick employed a
number of writers, including Brian Aldiss, Bob Shaw, Ian Watson, and Sara Maitland.
Because Kubrick thought computer-generated imagery wasn't sophisticated enough to
produce the David character, who he believed no child actor would represent effectively, the
movie lingered in development hell for years. A.I. was given to Spielberg by Kubrick in
1995, but it wasn't until Kubrick passed away in 1999 that the movie started to take off.
Spielberg stayed true to Watson's screenplay proposal and gave Kubrick a special place in the
movie.
On June 29, 2001, Warner Bros. Pictures in North America and DreamWorks Pictures
internationally released A.I. Artificial Intelligence. In general, critics gave it favorable
reviews, and it made about $235 million against a budget of between $90 and $100 million.
Additionally, it received nominations for Best Original Score (by John Williams) and Best
Visual Effects at the 74th Academy Awards. A.I. Artificial Intelligence was chosen as the
83rd best movie released since 2000 in a 2016 BBC survey of 177 reviewers from around the
world. [4]
Plot
Worldwide warming-induced sea level rise in the twenty-second century has wiped out
coastal cities and decreased global population. Robots with mechanical heads that appear to
be capable of sophisticated reasoning but lack emotions have been developed.
In Madison, New Jersey, Henry Swinton and his wife Monica receive David, a prototype
Mecha child capable of loving, in exchange for their son Martin, who has been put in
suspended animation due to contracting a rare sickness. David is initially uneasy of Monica,
but she eventually becomes friendly with him and triggers his imprinting routine, enabling
him to feel an unwavering, innocent love for her. David befriends Martin's robotic teddy bear
Teddy and hopes Monica will feel the same way about him. Martin is returned home after
being unexpectedly cured of his illness. Martin develops resentment toward David and prods
him to do ominous things like sever Monica's hair while she's dozing off. One of Martin's
buddies pokes David with a knife at a pool party, setting off his self-defense mechanisms.
Martin and David tumble to the bottom of the pool while David is tightly clutching Martin.
Martin is saved by others who dive in before he drowns, and David is accused of endangering
the lives of others. Henry persuades Monica to give David back to his makers so they can kill
him, reasoning that if David can love, he can equally hate. On the way, Monica changes her
mind and decides to abandon David in the woods rather than kill him. Teddy is David's only
company as he remembers The Adventures of Pinocchio and makes the decision to seek out
the Blue Fairy in order for her to transform him into a real boy, which he hopes would help
him earn Monica's affection back.Informational explosion
Although technical advancement has accelerated in most fields, it has been constrained by the
fundamental intelligence of the human brain, which has not fundamentally changed for
millennia, according to Paul R. Ehrlich.
[14] However, as computers and other technology get more powerful, it might one day be
possible to create a machine that is substantially smarter than people. [15]
The ability to solve problems and be creative would be significantly enhanced if a
superhuman intelligence were to be created, either through artificial intelligence or the
amplification of human intelligence. Such an AI is known as a Seed AI[16][17] because it
would have the capacity to autonomously improve its own software and hardware to design
an even more capable machine, which could repeat the process in turn, if an AI were
developed with engineering capabilities that were equal to or greater than those of its human
creators. Before any upper bounds imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation
set in, this recursive self-improvement might accelerate, potentially allowing massive
qualitative change. Many versions of such an AI are predicted to greatly exceed human
cognitive capabilities.
I. J. Good hypothesized in 1965 that an intelligence explosion might result from artificial
general intelligence:
[18][19]
Assume that an ultraintelligent machine is one that is capable of outperforming all of the
cognitive functions of even the smartest man. Since one of these intellectual activity is
machine creation, an ultraintelligent machine could create even better machines. This would
undoubtedly cause a "intelligence explosion," leaving human intelligence far behind. The first
ultraintelligent machine will therefore be the last invention humans will ever need, assuming
it is gentle enough to instruct us on how to handle it.
One type of intelligence explosion occurs when processing power increases exponentially
over a finite period of time. The speed of AIs doubles in this version whenever they start
conducting research to better themselves, for example, after 2 years, 1 year, 6 months, 3
months, 1.5 months, etc., where the infinite sum of the doubling periods is 4 years. This
approach would essentially achieve infinite computing power in 4 years, properly deserving
the label "singularity" for the end state, barring physical constraints on computation and
temporal quantization. In Yudkowsky, this type of intelligence explosion is discussed (1996).
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