Senior High School Media and Information Literacy Quarter 3 – Module 2: Media and Information, Then and Now Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 2: Media and Information, Then and Now First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition, payment of royalties. Borrowed materials included in this module are owned by the respective copyright holders. Effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from the respective copyright owners. The publisher and author do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Undersecretary: Assistant Secretary: Development Team of the Module Author/s: Gilbert Rolly T. Valmoria Editor: Cherlita M. Sulague Reviewers: Jackie Lou P. De Mata Illustrator: Jennelaiza J. Woo Layout Artist: Merry Easter Abigail Ranido Development Team Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; ____________, EPS (Learning Area) In-charge; Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II Printed in the Philippines by _____________________________ Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd – BLR) Office Address: ______________________________________ Telefax: ______________________________________ E-mail Address: ______________________________________ 11 Media and Information Literacy Quarter 3 – Module 2: Media and Information, Then and Now This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines 3 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE This module will introduce you to the role that new and converging technologies are playing in the widening participation of citizens in social, economic and political change. It explains how new digital and electronic forms of media (online news, blogs, Wikipedia, YouTube, social networking applications, video gaming, etc.) have evolved from traditional media and how they are enabling greater access to information and knowledge, Freedom of expression, good governance and participation in democratic processes. The co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet, mobile phones, etc. is also allowing media content to flow across various platforms, widening access to information and creating a participatory culture where citizens not only consume information, but actively participate in its production and distribution. New information and communication technologies (ICTs), for example, have opened up opportunities for greater audience participation in information and knowledge sharing, and are encouraging people to actively engage in the democratic process, causing more societies to open up. In effect, new media and converging technologies are creating new spaces for selfexpression and participation in public discourse on a wide range of social, economic and political issues. New media platforms are allowing citizens to consciously engage in the democratic process in their societies, and helping to bring global news and issues much closer to local societies. In this module, you will understand the following lessons: Lesson 4 – Evolution of Media Lesson 5 – Types of Media Lesson 6 – Media and Information Sources GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS For the learners: For the teacher: To be guided in achieving the objectives of this module, do the following: 1. Read and follow instructions carefully. 2. Answer the pretest before going through the lessons. 3. Take note and record points for clarification. 4. Compare your answers against the key to answers found at the end of the module. 5. Do the activities and fully understand each lesson. 6. Answer the self-check to monitor what you learned in each lesson. 7. Answer the posttest after you have gone over all the lessons. To facilitate and ensure the students’ learning from this module, you are encouraged to do the following: 1. Clearly communicate learning competencies and objectives 2. Motivate through applications and connections to real life. 3. Give applications of the theory 4. Discuss worked-out examples 5. Give time for hands-on unguided classroom work and discovery 6. Use formative assessment to give feedback 7. Introduce extensions or generalizations of concepts 8. Engage in reflection questions 9. Encourage analysis through higher order thinking prompts 10. Provide alternative formats for student work 4 Lesson 4 Evolution of Media An important development with the growth of digital media has been the move from a traditional communication model of ‘one to many’, characteristic of print and broadcast media, to a ‘peer to peer’ model that facilitates collaborative creation and sharing of content. As content is digitized, it becomes accessible from a multitude of devices, including radio, television, personal computer and, perhaps most importantly, the mobile phone, which is emerging as the dominant platform for delivering content of all kinds. The digitalization of voice, image, sound and data – known as convergence – is creating new opportunities for interaction. This lesson will talk about the media development breakthrough with the human history. What I Need to Know Learning objectives In this lesson, you will: Identify traditional media and new media, and their relationships. MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-5 (Activity 4.1); Examine the technology or resources available during the prehistoric age, the industrial age, the electronic age, and the new or digital age ; Identify the devices used by people to communicate with each other, store information, and broadcast information across the different ages (Activity 4.2); Editorialize the roles and functions of media in democratic society. MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6 (Activity 4.3) Search and look up the latest theories on information and media. MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-7 What I Know Pretest Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is used to store information during the electronic age? a. Telegram b. Radio c. Books d. Typewriter 2. Typewriter first appeared in ____________. a. Pre-industrial age c. Industrial Age b. Electronic Age d. Information Age 3. What format/ equipment did people use to communicate with each other during Industrial Age? a. Traditional paper and writing materials c. Paper and Pen, Typewriter b. Telegraph, Telegram, Telephone, Computers d. None of these 4. What are different types of new media? 5 a. The internet, CDs, DVDs c. Television, films, books and newspapers. b. Novels, poems, fiction and non-fiction d. Radio, television, monkeys 5. While the potential impact of the IoT is considerable, a concerted effort is required to move beyond this early stage. In order to optimise the development of the market, a common understanding of the distinct nature of the opportunity is required. Which of the following IS NOT the key feature of IoT? a. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across several fundamental sectors of the economy. b. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and consistent global services. c. Information overload across platforms of media. d. Device and application behavior will place new and varying demands on mobile networks. 6. In a democratic society, its role is pivotal in keeping the government, companies, and powerful individuals accountable to the masses. The media has the power to spotlight and expose those who abuse their power. The first thing dictators do to control the flow of information is to control the media, what news stories they can run. Their role is to objectively provide the facts in the context they are expected. a. TRUE b. FALSE 7. The modern age of business and consumerism is increasingly driven in a global fashion with international brands in many vertical industries. In order to support the development of a viable service ecosystem, i.e. one that meets customer expectations in an economical manner, globally consistent service enablers will be a key requirement. For companies in vertical industries, the ability to deploy their services across several countries. Which of the following is NOT an IoT-inspired device? a. Smart Watch c. Augmented Reality b. 3D printing and Sensors d. Billboards 8. What format/ equipment did people use to store information during the Information Age? a. Printing press or books, Computers b. Printing press or books, Digital books, Personal computers, Mobile phones, Smart phones, c. Wearable technology, Social Media d. Both b and c 9. A positive view of the political role of the media sees it as... a. a way of keeping people harmlessly amused when times are hard. b. a way of promoting constructive 'role models' for young people. c. much more trustworthy than politicians d. at its best, a potential check on executive power. 10. While the Internet of Things (IoT) will ultimately have an enormous impact on consumers, enterprises and society as a whole, it is still at an early stage in its development. These are the following industrial sector may arise EXCEPT: a. Intelligent buildings b. Energy services and national security c. PCs, tablets and handset data d. None of these 6 What’s New Activity 4.1 Traditional to New Media “ Titanic, in full Royal Mail Ship (RMS) Titanic, British luxury passenger liner that sank on April 14–15, 1912, during its maiden voyage, en route to New York City from Southampton, England, killing about 1,500 passengers and ship personnel. One of the most famous tragedies in modern history, it inspired numerous stories, several films, and a musical and has been the subject of much scholarship and scientific speculation.” Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Titanic Contributed by: Amy Tikkanen Retrieved on : May 22, 2020 RMS Titanic departing Southampton on 10 April 1912. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RMS_Titanic_3.jpg What you will do Activity 4.1 Traditional to New Media In your notebook, try to answer the following: 1. If the Titanic sank somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean, how do you think the news reached people in England and New York at that time? Indicate any form of communication you might think of that is existing during that time. 2. If the Titanic sank today, in what format would people receive or read the news? Indicate your favorable form of media format you can think that is existing during this time and discuss why you chose this media format. What is It Discussion More than 1,500 people died in the sinking of the Titanic, but more than 700 survived. Those who did owed their escape to the newest communications technology of the time: wireless telegraphy. Media fulfills several basic roles in our society. One obvious role is entertainment. Media can act as a springboard for our imaginations, a source of fantasy, and an outlet for escapism. It can also provide information and education. Information can come in many forms, and it may sometimes be difficult to separate from entertainment. Today, newspapers and news-oriented television and radio programs make available stories from across the globe, allowing readers or viewers in London to access voices and videos from our country or neighboring nations. Books and magazines provide a more in-depth look at a wide range of subjects. Similarly, it can be used to monitor government, business, and other institutions. These are how media and information has evolved throughout history. It is described into four ages. Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper and iron. Examples: • Cave paintings (35,000 BC) • Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC) 7 • Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) • Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC) • Dibao in China (2nd Century) • Codex in the Mayan region (5th Century) • Printing press using wood blocks (220 AD) Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). Examples: • Printing press for mass production (19th century) • Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640) • Typewriter (1800)Telephone (1876) • Commercial motion pictures (1913) • Motion picture photography/projection (1890) • Telegraph • Motion picture with sound (1926) • Punch cards Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient. Examples: • Transistor Radio • Television (1941) • Large electronic computers- i.e. • Mainframe computers - i.e. IBM 704(1960) EDSAC (1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951) • Personal computers - i.e. Hewlett• OHP, LCD projectors Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976) Information Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Examples: • Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), • Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999), Wordpress (2003) • Smart phones Internet Explorer (1995) • Cloud and Big Data • Social networks: Friendster (2002), • Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007) Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004) Video: YouTube (2005) • Wearable technology • Video chat: Skype (2003), Google • Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Hangouts (2013) • Search Engines: Google (1996), • Portable computers- laptops (1980), Yahoo (1995) netbooks (2008), tablets (1993) As Briggs and Burke note, these advances meant that “hundreds of thousands of components could be carried on a microprocessor.” The reduction of many different kinds of content to digitally stored information meant that “print, film, recording, radio and television and all forms of telecommunications [were] now being thought of increasingly as part of one complex.” This process, also known as convergence, is a force that’s affecting media today. What you will do Activity 4.2 Knowing You Media at Different Ages In your notebook, try to fill in the table on the next page. . 8 What’s More Enrichment ROLES OF MEDIA IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY Transitions from one technology to another have greatly affected the media, although it is difficult to say whether technology caused a cultural shift or resulted from it. The role of the media is vital in generating a democratic culture that extends beyond the political system and becomes engrained in the public consciousness over time. Media fulfills several roles in our democratic society, including the following: 1. Channel . It provides opportunities for people to communicate, share ideas, speculate, tell stories and give information. 2. Watchdog. It exposes corrupt practices of the government and the private sector. Creating a space wherein governance is challenged or scrutinized by the governed. It also guarantees free and fair elections. 3. Resource center. It acts as a gateway of information for the society’s consumption. Also, it becomes a keeper of memories of the community, preserver of heritage and source of academic knowledge. 4. Advocate. Through its diverse sources or formats, it bridges the gap of digital divide. Media act as a catalyst for democracy and development, helping to make public participation meaningful. If media is honest and committed in its job, democracy is bound to function more efficiently and the loopholes present in any democratic system can certainly be plugged to the fullest satisfaction of the people. On the contrary, if media is biased, corrupt and favors only a particular party or few individuals, it can prove to be very dangerous for the smooth functioning of democracy. No one can become perfect and one can only strive to become so. The same holds true for our media also. Certainly, there is still a lot of scope for improvement by which the media can rise upon the aspirations of the people for which it is primarily meant. 9 What you will do Activity 4.3 Your Thoughts Count Instruction: Make a Cartoon analysis of the given illustration. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. . What can you say about this? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Retrieved from:: https://bloximages.chicago2.vip.townnews.com/ madison.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/1/ What’s New Activity 4.4 What you will do Activity 4.4 Your Internet Usage Matters The human population was estimated to be 7.6 billion at the turn of the year, using an estimate 8.1 billion devices connected to the Internet. In your notebook, try to answer the following: 1. How often do you use the internet on any device/in any place? 2. Do any factor/s limit or prevent your use of the internet? 3. Can you enumerate the different ways you have known on how to use the internet? 4. Aside from the entertainment purposes, do you find a positive potential on using the internet? 5. Explain briefly the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). What is It Discussion INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) 10 Mobile networks already deliver connectivity to a broad range of devices, enabling the development of innovative new services and applications. This new wave of connectivity is going beyond tablets and laptops; to connected cars and buildings; TVs and game consoles; smart meters and traffic control; with the prospect of intelligently connecting almost anything and anyone. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the use of intelligently connected devices and systems to leverage data gathered by embedded sensors and actuators in machines and other physical objects. By which mobile operators have identified the following key distinctive features: 1. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across several fundamental sectors of the economy. 2. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and consistent global services. 3. The Internet of Things presents an opportunity for new commercial models to support mass global deployments. 4. The majority of revenue will arise from the provision of value-added services and mobile operators are building new capabilities to enable these new service areas. 5. Device and application behaviour will place new and varying demands on mobile networks. A common understanding of the distinctive nature of this nascent opportunity should help hasten this development. This has believed to be full blown in the next decade. The figure depicts a Smart City. What’s More Enrichment What I Have Learned Generalization Source: McKinsey internal research, GSMA The IoT will also help widen access and improve quality of education and health 11 In education, mobile-enabled solutions will tailor the learning process to each student’s needs, improving overall proficiency levels, while linking virtual and physical classrooms to make learning more convenient and accessible. Source: McKinsey, GSMA, Qualcomm, GSV The Internet of Things promises to deliver a step change in individuals’ quality of life and enterprises’ productivity. Through a widely distributed, locally intelligent network of smart devices, the IoT has the potential to enable extensions and enhancements to fundamental services in transportation, logistics, security, utilities, education, healthcare and other areas, while providing a new ecosystem for application development. Inasmuch, information overload might the challenge of the coming generation. As a empowered SHS student, truly your role is enhanced your media and information literacy in order for you to be secured in this digital- driven world. What’s More Enrichment Activity 4.5: Traditional Media VS New Media 12 The table shows the description of both kind of media. In a separate paper, write the correct description that it refers to. Follow the given table below. Media experience is limited. Media experience is more interactive. One-directional. Audience are more involved and can response simultaneously. Sense receptors used are very specific( i.e., print media – sight, radio – hearing, TV and films – sight and hearing) Integrates all aspect of old media. It includes social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds. It is much more of a two way affair and it allows consumers and users to get more involved It has nothing to do with the internet. It is the older form of mass communication. Traditional Media is ….. New Media is ……. What I Have Learned Generalization Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Traditional Media has been the _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 13 _________________________________________________________________________ _______________. On the other side, New Media is considered as ______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________. 2. Roles of both media has shaped our democratic society today through _________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _____________________. One it of its benefits, is the emergence of the Internet of Things which is __________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _____________________. What I Can Do Application For this week, Make an essay for the given topic. Select only 1 from these topics. 1. Explain the statement of Marshall McLuhan that “The Medium is the Message”. 2. Does technology shaped us or is it us who shaped technology? Expound your answer and give illustration. 14 Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay. Source: http://www.readwritethink.org/files/resources/printouts/Essay%20Rubric.pdf Assessment Posttest Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. Which of the following is used to store information during the electronic age? a. Telegram b. Radio c. Books d. Typewriter 2. Typewriter first appeared in ____________. a. Pre-industrial age c. Industrial Age b. Electronic Age d. Information Age 3. What format/ equipment did people use to communicate with each other during Industrial Age? c. Traditional paper and writing materials c. Paper and Pen, Typewriter d. Telegraph, Telegram, Telephone, Computers d. None of these 4. What are different types of new media? 15 c. The internet, CDs, DVDs newspapers. d. Novels, poems, fiction and non-fiction c. Television, films, books and d. Radio, television, monkeys 5. Which of the following NOT included in the distinctive feature of Internet of Things? a. IoT will enable life-enhancing services b. Distribution models for IoT services are often global c. New capabilities are being developed for IoT applications d. Inflating demands on the mobile network 6. A primary function of an independent press in a free and democratic society is to: a. provide news that is fair, balanced, and accessible to all people. b. maintain social order by publishing stories that promote democratic values. c. manage the way in which information is disseminated and presented to the public. d. entertain audiences while supplying them with timely information on their communities. 7. In a 30-minute local television news broadcast, four minutes are dedicated to a lead story about a robbery at an area business. Two- to three-minute segments report on an incident in which an individual was arrested for assault and on recent developments in a highprofile criminal trial. This news describes the role of media as _____________. a. Channel c. Watchdog b. Resource Center d. Advocate 8. A high school journalist has spent weeks gathering information in order to develop a story on changes in graduation requirements. The student has transcripts of interviews with teachers and students, data and news releases from the state department of education, and copies of practice graduation tests. This news describes the role of media as _____________. a. Channel c. Watchdog b. Resource Center d. Advocate 9. A television news helicopter crew is first on the scene the afternoon a typhoon sweeps through a midwestern town. The crew's aerial footage is fed to a national news bureau, which in turn arranges to broadcast the footage that night on its national nightly network news program. This news describes the role of media as _____________. a. Channel c. Watchdog b. Resource Center d. Advocate 10. While the potential impact of the IoT is considerable, a concerted effort is required to move beyond this early stage. In order to optimize the development of the market, a common understanding of the distinct nature of the opportunity is required. Which of the following IS NOT the key feature of IoT? e. The Internet of Things can enable the next wave of life-enhancing services across several fundamental sectors of the economy. f. Meeting the needs of customers may require global distribution models and consistent global services. g. Information overload across platforms of media. h. Device and application behavior will place new and varying demands on mobile networks. 11. In a democratic society, its role is pivotal in keeping the government, companies, and powerful individuals accountable to the masses. The media has the power to spotlight and expose those who abuse their power. The first thing dictators do to control the flow 16 of information is to control the media, what news stories they can run. Their role is to objectively provide the facts in the context they are expected. b. TRUE b. FALSE 12. The modern age of business and consumerism is increasingly driven in a global fashion with international brands in many vertical industries. In order to support the development of a viable service ecosystem, i.e. one that meets customer expectations in an economical manner, globally consistent service enablers will be a key requirement. For companies in vertical industries, the ability to deploy their services across several countries. Which of the following is NOT an IoT-inspired device? c. Smart Watch c. Augmented Reality d. 3D printing and Sensors d. Billboards 13. What format/ equipment did people use to store information during the Information Age? a. Printing press or books, Computers b. Printing press or books, Digital books, Personal computers, Mobile phones, Smart phones, c. Wearable technology, Social Media d. Both b and c 14. A positive view of the political role of the media sees it as... a. a way of keeping people harmlessly amused when times are hard. b. a way of promoting constructive 'role models' for young people. c. much more trustworthy than politicians d. at its best, a potential check on executive power. 15. While the Internet of Things (IoT) will ultimately have an enormous impact on consumers, enterprises and society as a whole, it is still at an early stage in its development. These are the following industrial sector may arise EXCEPT: a. Intelligent buildings c. PCs, tablets and handset data b. Energy services and national security d. None of these Additional Activity Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of media. Perform the following instruction: 1. Draw on a short bond paper a political cartoon depicting your opinion about how Philippine media performs its roles and functions in the Philippines which is a democratic country. 2. Explain the message of your political cartoon in not less than 3 sentences. 3. Upload your output in your Facebook account and use the hashtag #TraditionalToNewMedia. 4. Don’t forget to tag to your teacher for the said work of art of yours. Great work! You are done with Lesson 4. Have a break! You deserve one 😊 Then let’s take off to Lesson 5! So, read on! 17 Lesson 5 Types of Media Modern media comes in many different formats, including print media (books, magazines, newspapers), television, movies, video games, music, cell phones, various kinds of software, and the Internet. Each type of media involves both contents, and also a device or object through which that content is delivered. By which, it has also an important accountability mechanism: it raises important issues, corruption for example, that might otherwise never be publicly debated or addressed. The media also has an important role in stimulating governments to act on social policy, can also expose problems that need to be addressed, for example poor living conditions or lack of access to services and so on. Thus, it takes to the idea of how media is now used and by what degree of confidence does the content is credible in different media formats. With this, the lesson will give you the direction on the different type of media and the how an individual is portrayed in a public using variety of media formats. What I Need to Know Learning objectives In this lesson, you will: identify the different types of media Classify contents of different media types. MIL11/12TYM-IIId-10 (Activity 5.1); Define media convergence through current examples. MIL11/12TYM-IIId11 (Activity 5.3); Discuss to class on how a particular individual is portrayed in public using different type of media. MIL11/12TYM-IIId-12 (Activity 5.5); What I Know Pretest Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write “Like” if the statement is TRUE and “Sad” if not. 1. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection is a print media. 2. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chainsmokers in Spotify is a broadcast media. 3. Broadcast media requires internet connection as medium of transmission to reach the target audiences. 4. Print media are media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. For instance, Manila Times, Sunstar, Bandera and many others. 18 5. Media personality can have power to direct or challenge society. 6. Media content producers should follow a code of ethics that prohibits the use of abusive or discriminatory material based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical ability or marital status. 7. Digital media make people create new kinds of media forms, like mash-ups. 8. One of the consequences of convergence is that types of media such as radio or film are losing their meanings as distinct, separate media types that are defined by their technologies. 9. In the future, Internet magazines will expand publications' readerships. 10. The second information communications revolution began with the invention of paper. What’s In Review Last time, we learned about the development of media across time. By which, this generation is in the digital age. The current era has made it easy for anyone to create media. We don't always know who created something, why they made it, and whether it's credible. This makes media literacy tricky to learn. Nonetheless, media literacy is an essential skill in the digital age. It can help you learn how to determine whether something is credible. It also helps determine the "persuasive intent" of advertising and resist the techniques marketers use to sell products. This time you will learn to compare and contrast how one particular issue or news is presented through the different types of media (print, broadcast, online). Further, you will also identify the role of media in our culture. From celebrity gossip to magazine covers to memes, media is telling us something, shaping our understanding of the world, and even compelling us to act or think in certain ways. What’s New Activity 5.1 Type of Media What you will do 1. With these given media formats below : 19 Promotional poster uploaded in Facebook Media and Information Literacy textbook 24- Oras news program uploaded on YouTube One Punch-man manga uploaded in MyManga website Jason Bourne movie shown in theaters Philippine Daily Inquirer news paper 7 Years by Lukas Graham played on 90.7 Love Radio Memeography Books Bawal Lumabas (The Classroom Song) by Kim Chui in Spotify 2. Classify the terms above and have them write the terms in their corresponding columns. PRINT BROADCAST FILM/MOVIE NEW MEDIA 3. Answer the question, What is your basis in classifying the media formats to corresponding type? What is It Discussion TYPE OF MEDIA 20 Media simply refers to a vehicle or means of message delivery system to carry an ad message to a targeted audience. Media like TV, Radio, Print, Outdoor and Internet are instruments to convey an advertising message to the public. The main task of media planners is to select the most appropriate media channels that can effectively communicate the advertising message to a targeted audience. Hence, it is essential for media planners to: Keep up with latest media trends Keep up with New technological developments Determine long and short term effects of different media Analyse Strengths and Weaknesses of different media Each type of media involves both content, and also a device or object through which that content is delivered. By which these are different types of media 1. Print Media - media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. It is used to describe the traditional or "oldfashioned" print-based media that today's parents grew up with, including newspapers, magazines, books, and comics or graphic novels 2. Broadcast Media - media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium. 3. Film/Movies. These are the oldest form of motion picture technology capable of capturing lifelike video-style images. Originally, movies could only be consumed at a neighborhood movie theater, but these days movies are widely available for people to consume in their homes, on their computers, and even in through their telephones. Commercial movies are broadcast on television, and via cable and satellite services which may feature High Definition (HD) video resolution and sound, essentially allowing the movie theater experience to be replicated in a home theater environment 4. New Media - content organized and distributed on digital platforms such as the Internet. It refers to “those digital media that are interactive, incorporate two-way communication and involve some form of computing,” Robert Logan writes in his book Understanding New Media. New media is “very easily processed, stored, transformed, retrieved, hyperlinked and, perhaps most radical of all, easily searched for and accessed.” What you will do Activity 5.2 Your Thoughts Count Instruction: Make a Cartoon analysis of the given illustration. Write your answer in a separate paper. What can you saysheet aboutofthis? . ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Retrieved from:: https://www.flickr.com/photos/garyhayes/3252497296/ ___________________________ 21 What’s More Enrichment MEDIA CONVERGENCES Media convergence is the merging of mass communication outlets – print, television, radio, the Internet along with portable and interactive technologies through various digital media platforms. Media convergence is the blending of multiple media forms into one platform for purposes of delivering a dynamic experience. Technologically rich societies have entered the digital age, and media industries are grappling with new opportunities – and threats – afforded by what is called “convergence”. Media people tend to get very excited about convergence, because it holds so much promise. The melding together of different media, incorporating new personalized services is both impressive and overwhelming. •co-existence of traditional and new media. MEDIA CONVERGENCE •co-existence of print media, broadcast media (radio and television), the Internet, mobile phones,as well as others, allowing media content to flow across various platforms. •ability to transform different kinds of media into digital code, which is then accessible by a range of devices (ex. from the personal computer to the mobile phone), thus creating a digital communication environment Source : Teaching Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY. For much of modern history, the different types of media — books, newspapers, radio, television, cinema — were distinct technologies. They also existed in separate industries. Digitization, computer networking and the rise of the Internet, however, have resulted in the breaking down of these silos. This has led to the integration of all media. It enables the immediate and global exchange of every kind of content. Our experience with convergence to date has also revealed some drawbacks. Not everyone has ready and affordable access to digital media, or the skills to employ them. A connection to computer networks (and the literacy required to navigate them) is increasingly vital. It creates a digital divide between haves and have-nots. Also, the tracking capacity of 22 computer programs has resulted in increased surveillance. This has prompted concerns about personal privacy and security. But media convergence isn't only an end result like a smartphone, but also a process in how we create, consume, and distribute media. Think for a minute about how you found out about the latest big event in the news. Were you watching television? Reading a newspaper? Probably not. Most likely you were informed thanks to convergence, perhaps reading it on a social media feed on your smartphone as you commuted to work. Media convergence has even changed the way we receive data. Instead of getting a news report from TV, we're getting that same report from a television station by way of the internet and social media, in particular. For people who work in media, convergence has changed the way they do their jobs. Instead of reporters simply writing a story to appear in tomorrow's newspaper, they're filming short video clips and tweeting about it, too—a smashup of different digital technologies. Communication and technology are just two of the areas where convergence has been impactful. What you will do Activity 5.3 Sample of Media Convergence Instruction: Do a research of at least 2 examples for the following platform where the media convergence is much existing. Use the table below to be guided. . Media Convergence in Platform Communication Social Network Education Learning Resource Center Advertisement Services Advertisement News News Agency Entertainment Multimedia Personality What’s New Activity 5.4 23 Specific Example Facebook, Instagram, Twitter What you will do Activity 5.4 Put it on the Record The environment in which media policy and regulation are undertaken has been radically shifting as users more easily control their own media environments and younger users (“digital natives”) are often most familiar with convergent media technologies. In your notebook, try to answer at least two (2) of the following: 1. Describe how new technologies have led to the convergence of traditional and new media. 2. Explain how media convergence creates new opportunities for interaction. 3. Describe the use of one or two forms of new media to share knowledge and information on a current issue in society. 4. Explain how a person could be portrayed in public in the age of media convergence. What is It Discussion MASS MEDIA AND MEDIA EFFECTS The flow of information has completely changed bringing an overhaul to the overall media sector. Basically, when a person is portrayed in public more people are likely to access the information online. In this age of media convergence, there has been an increase in the number of blogs that give information unlike in the past where one could only access information from very limited sources, mainly “the print media”. There is no restriction on who can write a blog with platforms like word press offering even a free version of their blogs. More to that, there has been an increase of video blogs that give information and news within a click of a button from your computer. Some of the platforms include YouTube where uploading a video is completely free. Basically, more people will access a person portrayed in public via digitized system as compared to the old types of media. MASS MEDIA It is known as being one of the most significant forces in modern culture. It refers to channels of communication that involve transmitting information in some way, shape or form to large numbers of people. Further, it is a communication—whether written, broadcast, or spoken—that reaches a large audience. This includes television, radio, advertising, movies, the Internet, newspapers, magazines, and so forth. Sociologists refer to this as a mediated culture where media reflects and creates the culture. Communities and individuals are bombarded constantly with messages from a multitude of sources including TV, billboards, and magazines, to name a few. These messages promote not only products, but moods, attitudes, and a sense of what is and is not important. Mass media makes possible the concept of celebrity: without the ability of movies, magazines, and news media to reach across thousands of miles, people could not become famous. In fact, only political and business leaders, as well as the few notorious outlaws, were famous in the past. Only in recent times have actors, singers, and other social elites become celebrities or “stars.” MEDIA EFFECTS 24 These are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass media does (Denis McQuail, 2010). Further, it is typically defined as social or psychological responses occurring in individuals, dyads, small groups, organizations, or communities as a result of exposure to or processing of or otherwise acting on media messages. The changes caused by media can take place on several dimensions. The effects can be intended by the message source or unintended. The consequences can include not only changes, but also preservation of the status quo. If a certain social situation perpetuates because of media this is also considered a media effect. In addition, media effects can be both short-term and long-term. These are the new theories moved away from the notion that exposure to media can immediately and directly affect people’s attitudes and behaviors. 1. Third – party Theory. People think they are more immune to media influence than others. Source : https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/deathhumanconversation-awadabdelgayoum 2. Reciprocal Effect When a person or event gets media attention, it influences the way the person acts or the way the event functions. Media coverage often increases self-consciousness, which affects our actions. Source : http://www.flickriver.com/photos/billyjo29/tags/kapamil 25 3. Boomerang Effect It refers to media-induced change that is counter to the desired change. Communicative messages are often constructed strategically. In many cases, the creators of such messages strive to curtail specific anti-social or unhealthy attitudes and behaviors held by the target audience. However, these messages are not always successful in achieving the intended effect. Messages with a specific intent can backfire and cause an increase Source : http://uppiddee.com/blog/smileyfacesin the unhealthy or anti-social attitude or and-the-boomerang-effect/) behavior targeted for change. 4. Cultivation Theory (George Gerbner) It states that media exposure, specifically to television, shapes our social reality by giving us a distorted view on the amount of violence and risk in the world. The theory suggests that television and media possess a small but significant influence on the attitudes and beliefs of society about society. Those who absorb more media are those we are more influenced. In a nutshell, heavy viewing of television and the associated violence leads the viewer to believe that the world is a much Source : http://mass.pakgalaxy.com/cultivationtheory.html more dangerous place than it actually is, with a serial killer, rapist, or pedophile lurking around every corner. 5. Agenda-setting Theory (Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw) Source http://lessonbucket.com/media-inminutes/the-agenda-settingfunction-theory/ 26 It process whereby the mass media determine what we think and worry about. Further, public reacts not to actual events but to the pictures in our head, created by media. Also, agenda setting is very important in the political aspect because the public agenda influences the policy agenda which means that candidates will try to focus on issues that the public wants to hear about. In conclusion the agenda setting theory has many beneficial uses in our society and it is part of our communication. 6. Propaganda Model of Media Control (Herman & Chomsky ) The model tries to understand how the population is manipulated, and how the social, economic, political attitudes are fashioned in the minds of people through propaganda. Example: Corporate organization who owns media never publishes the financial details, which may endanger them. What’s More Enrichment Source: https://www.amazon.com/Age-Propaganda-Everyday-Abuse- Persuasion/dp/0805074031 Activity 5.5: Media Personality These are given pictures of famous individuals who are featured across all types of media. In a separate paper, answer the following question. Follow the given table below. Source:https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/ Angel_Locsin_3.jpg Source:https://d3s3zh7icgjwgd.cloudfront.net/Acu Custom/Sitename/DAM/168/Lea_Salonga.jpg Question Angel Locsin 1. What do these two personalities have in common? 27 Lea Salonga 2. How did they become that prestige in their life? 3. What made them so famous? 4. What have they contributed to society? 5. How do these personalities influence the way the people see themselves and others? What I Have Learned Generalization Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. 1. There 4 types of media : (a) Print Media __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______;;(b) Broadcast Media___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ ; (c) Film/Movie _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ ; (d) New Media ______________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________. 2. By which, Media Convergence is existing of todays media platform across several fields because of ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 28 _________________________________________________________________________ _______________ 3. That incorporation of media platforms has brought about the idea of Mass Media which encompasses the _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _______________ These is also based on the several Media Effect Theories which are : ____________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________. What I Can Do Application For this week, Make a short description of person portrayed in public by different types of media given below. Assessment Posttest Direction: In a separate sheet of paper, write “TRUE” if the statement is TRUE and “FALSE” if not. 1. Harry Potter Complete Series Boxed Set Collection is a print media. 2. Don’t Let Me Down by The Chainsmokers in Spotify is a broadcast media. 3. Broadcast media requires internet connection as medium of transmission to reach the target audiences. 4. Print media are media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. For instance, Manila Times, Sunstar, Bandera and many others. 5. Media personality can have power to direct or challenge society. 29 How is this person portrayed in public by different types of media? Source: www.philstar.com How is this person portrayed in public by different types of media? Source: www.philstar.com How is this person portrayed in public by different types of media? Source: http://www.rappler.com/nation/119161ilocos-nortenueva-vizcayanew-policechiefs How is this person portrayed in public by different types of media? Source: http://www.socceralliance.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=523520 6. Media content producers should follow a code of ethics that prohibits the use of abusive or discriminatory material based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, physical ability or marital status. 7. Digital media make people create new kinds of media forms, like mash-ups. 8. One of the consequences of convergence is that types of media such as radio or film are losing their meanings as distinct, separate media types that are defined by their technologies. 9. In the future, Internet magazines will expand publications' readerships. 10. The second information communications revolution began with the invention of paper. 30 Additional Activity Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of media. Perform the following instruction: 5. Using the application that the learners are most competent with, make a drawing/sketch on how different media is affecting your everyday life. 6. You can use any application from playstore that they are most comfortable with (ex. PocketPaint, SketchBook, Paint, PicsArt Color, Draw & Paint, others) 7. Upload your output in your Facebook account and use the hashtag #TypesOfMedia. 8. Don’t forget to tag to your teacher for the said work of art of yours. Great work! You are done with Lesson 5. Have a break! You deserve one 😊 Then let’s take off to Lesson 6! So, read on! 31 Lesson 6 Media and Information Sources Citizens require new competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) in order to participate in and contribute to society. An understanding of these terms is necessary before engaging and must first of all begin with a clear comprehension of the concept of information. By that, getting credible and reliable from a reputable source takes a lot of considerations. This lesson will give us the idea of how important is indigenous media and other sources of information and the skills on evaluating information. What I Need to Know By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Identify the different sources of information 2. Compare potential sources of media and information. MIL11/12MIMIIIe-13. 3. Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by questioning the source of data, limitations of the information gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions. 4. Interview an elder from the community regarding indigenous media and information resource. MIL11/12MIM-IIIf-14 What I Know Pretest Let’s see how much you know before we tackle the lesson. Below is a True or False test. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not. 1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit. 2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels. 3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective. 4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous media 32 5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society. 6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press. What’s In Review Previously, we discussed about types of media and media effects. By which, we study how a particular individual is portrayed in public using different type of media. By which, we noticed that information is available to us in many different formats. As a responsible user of media, you should demonstrate an understanding of the values and differences of the sources of media and information. This lesson is all about on the Media and Information Sources. As SHS learner, you need examine the reliability, accuracy, value, authority, and timeliness of the different sources of media and information . Further, you should know how to compare potential sources of media and information What’s New Activity 6.1 Spot it Out! What you will do Read and understand the directions and answer the given activity. These are news articles, book and magazines by which our current president was illustrated. A Published Book A Published Magazine A Published News Article Retrieved from https://images-na.ssl-imagesmazon.com/images/I/71tW3FksbK L.jpg Retrieved from https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2 016/05/640_Duterte_Time_(1)_2016_ 05_14_15_28_35.jpg Retrieved from https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/26/Rodrigo -Duterte-ABS-CBNapology.html?fbclid=IwAR3kN3WokT7wOwVSO4D 1AgXptstV99ZHpP36N9v2oIKlTgcs25Zben-j9gc 33 Illustrate the differences and similarities between the information gathered in each source. Write your answer on the space provided. Similarities Differences What is It Discussion SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the question you are trying to answer. But, what was the basis for your choice of information source? A. Indigenous Knowledge* (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also known as local knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is the knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It may contrast with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms. Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s traditional land-use zoning system. This knowledge is then be transfer through Indigenous Media(IM). IM is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups (Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information: ASEAN Scenario, 2014). Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows: 34 oral tradition of communication store information in memories information exchange is face to- face information are contain within the border of the community B. Library*. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale. It was existed because of the birth of the printing press. And expected to select and provide content that area easy to access. Its main role is to organize and provide you access information. And labelled as “steward of good information”. No longer static of limited to purely collecting physical materials for archiving, but has extended to acquiring new modes of providing information such as the use of digital sources and facilities that utilize media. Types of Library 1. 2. 3. 4. ACADEMIC LIBRARY . It serves colleges and universities. PUBLIC LIBRARY. It serves cities and towns of all types. SCHOOL LIBRARY. It serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12. SPECIAL LIBRARY- These are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government. C. Internet*. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish on the Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author is listed, he or she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may represent opinions as fact. How will you evaluate the information found in the internet? 1. Authorship . It is critical to relate the ideas you find at a site to a particular author, organization, or business. In this way, there is a degree of accountability for any of the ideas expressed. Be especially wary of sites in which the author or sponsoring organization is not clearly stated. 2. Publishing body. Anyone with an Internet Service Provider (AT&T, UP.net, NMU, etc.) can put up a Web page. As a result, you need to have some idea 35 whether the group claiming responsibility for the information on the Web site is legitimate. 3. Accuracy and Verifiability. A source of information is known to be scholarly when it provides references to the information presented. In this way, the reader can confirm whether the information is accurate or the author's conclusions reasonable. A page without references still may be useful as an example of the ideas of an individual, organization, or business, but not as source of factual information. 4. Currency . Some information is very time sensitive. For example, a page talking about the top rate Web search engines in 1997 is going to be horribly out of date in 2000. There have been incredible changes in search engine technology and new developments appear almost monthly. However, a page discussing the Civil War is likely still relevant today even if the page was created in 1996 and has not been updated. Regardless, a site should always provide some indication of when the information was created or the site was last updated. SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION Check the Author Check the Date of Publication or of update Check for Citations Check the Domain or owner of the site/page. .com – commercial . edu - educational .mil - military .gov – government .org - nonprofit organization SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURATE INFORMATION Look for facts. Cross-reference with other source for consistency. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information. Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related 36 information to market their product. Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become popular. These include social media, blogs, and flash mob performances. These alternative forms provide greater freedom and power to ordinary individuals and are a quicker way of distributing information. The downside is that a lot of the information being passed around is biased and inaccurate. What’s New Activity 6.2 Evaluating Information What you will do Read and understand the given news below and answer the follow up questions. 37 This is a news article from CNN Philippine website. Retrieved from https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/6/arrests-over-coronavirus-fake- news.html Fill out the following table on the next page. Selection Criteria Reliability Questions to ponder 1. Which of these details can be verified in other sources? 2. Could these details be true? Why or why not? 38 Your answer Accuracy Value Authority Timeliness 3. Which of these facts are measurable? 4. Is the article written with care? 5. Who would find this article valuable? 6. Who wrote the article? 7. Are the sources properly cited? 8. When was the article written? What is It Discussion ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE OF INFORMATION Although, the value of information would also depend on the need of the user but these are the key skills to better get the rightful information that you need to: 1. Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. 2. Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented 3. Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions. 4. Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject. 5. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become 39 irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history. What’s More Enrichment Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and new media have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms of media have not reached. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels. What you will do 1. Discuss the concepts of indigenous media and information by developing a mind map. 2. Start by defining keywords and connect it to other terms. If new related ideas come to mind, write it on the board and draw a line to the other ideas related to it. 3. Refer to the given example of a mind map What I Have Learned Generalization Credits to: Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY. Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. It is really difficult to fully determine the reliability, accuracy, value, and timeliness of any information, as well as the authority of the source, literacy in media and information benefits from the development of these skills because of the fast access and dissemination of information. 1. Indigenous Knowledge is _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 2. Indigenous Media is 40 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________ 3. Library is _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 4. Internet is _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 5. Evaluating the information found in the internet includes : _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ 6. Reliability of information is _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 7. Accuracy of Information is defined as _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 8. Value of information has to with _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 9. Authority of the source means _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 10. Timeliness is meet when _____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ ___ 41 What I Can Do Application For this week, you will write an essay on the topic “How do people find information that matches my needs?” and “How do I choose from the wide variety of information made available by different sources?”. Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay. Assessment Posttest A. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Encircle the letter of your choice. Be wary of options, choose only the best. ONLY THE BEST. You will get wronged and hurt if you 42 choose the wrong ones. It is only your conscious choice that will dictate your fate. May the God be with you! 1. One of the difficulties of coping with twenty-first-century media is a. a lack of information. b. a lack of reliable information. c. the need to sift good information from bad information. d. All these answers are correct. 2. When searching the Internet you should keep in mind... a. That you can find any information online if you just search long enough b. That banner ads and chat rooms will often lead you to the best quality information c. That because of copyright laws, nothing worthwhile is ever published on the Internet d. That not all online sources provide reliable or authoritative information 3. When working on a research assignment, what is an effective and efficient plan of action to take? Arrange the steps below from start to end for an effective and efficient plan. A. Select information resources B. Cite sources C. Organize information D. Conduct effective searches E. Evaluate information F. Define topic G. Review (and repeat) a. F, A, C, B, D, G, E c. A, B, C, D, E, F, G b. F, A, D, G, E, C, B d. A, F, D, G, E, C, B 4. Which of the following is NOT one of the main ways of evaluating information found online? a. Looking at the brand name. . .is it a trusted brand? b. Checking the website's internal information and procedure for fact-checking and mission, as well as what types of web sites it links to c. Comparing the information on the website with the same information from an established media company or with original source material d. None of the above 5. In order to assess whether the information you found is biased, which of the following should you consider? I. Author’s age II. Author’s organization III. Author’s academic/professional qualifications IV. Purpose of the information V. Tone of language 43 VI. Type of publication, e.g. scholarly journal, popular magazine, website a. I, III, IV c. II, IV, V b. II, III, IV, VI d. III, IV, V, VI 6. Eduardo Saverin, the co-founder of Facebook, is heard to be living in Singapore and was seen at local nightspot, The Butter Factory. You googled and found this website which mentions the news: Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo Saverin, is in Singapore - Video Within Teh, J., 31 Oct 2010. Facebook Co-Founder, Eduardo Saverin, is in Singapore – Video Within. TechieLobang.com. Available from: http://techielobang.com/blog/2010/10/31/facebook-co-founder-eduardo-saverinis-in-singapore-video-within/ [Accessed 10 Mar 2011]. You think the news is probably true because: a. Your friend said that he thought he saw Saverin at The Butter Factory last month. b. You searched the local newspaper The Straits Times and found the article which reported this news. c. The website says that it was reported in The Straits Times. d. None of these. For items below, Refer to the sample Mind Map. 7. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit. A. TRUE B. FALSE 8. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels. A. TRUE B. FALSE 9. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective. A. TRUE B. FALSE Credits to: Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Teaching Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY. B. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not. 1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom circulated for profit. 2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access to local channels. 44 3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective. 4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous media 5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society. 6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press. Additional Activity Being an empowered SHS student, your role is to showcase your versality in all forms of media. Perform the following instruction: 1. You interview an elder coming from two families. You will ask the about cultural beliefs or practices in the community valued by the elder. You need to identify and gather information to at least two cultural beliefs or practices. 2. Encode the information on a short bond paper, identify the source of information. 3. And then, you will do an online interview of your 10 classmates and find out if these cultural beliefs or practices are still known and being valued by their generation. (Example 3 out of 10…) 4. Submit it to the teacher via Edmodo not more than 2 weeks after it was assigned. Great work! You are done with Lesson 6. Have a break! You deserve one 😊 Now, get ready for Module 3! 45 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Division of Misamis Oriental Don A. Velez St., Cagayan de Oro City Contact number: 0917 899 2245 Email address: misamis.oriental@deped.gov.ph 46