I. Causes of the Civil War Economic and social differences between the North and South Slavery and states' rights Political tensions and the election of Abraham Lincoln II. Major events and battles Fort Sumter and the start of the war The Emancipation Proclamation and its impact Major battles, such as Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg The fall of Atlanta and the end of the war III. Key figures Abraham Lincoln and his role as commander-in-chief and in the abolition of slavery Robert E. Lee and his leadership in the Confederate army Ulysses S. Grant and his role in the Union's victory Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass and their roles in the abolitionist movement IV. Impact and aftermath The end of slavery and the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments Reconstruction and the challenges faced by the newly freed slaves The lasting effects of the war on American society and politics