Uploaded by Husnora Po'latova

An article

advertisement
Incorporating inclusive learning into the education curriculum of Uzbekistan
Husnora Pulatova G’ayratjon qizi
Abstract:
The article is aimed at the strategies of applying inclusive learning to the
education curriculum of Uzbekistan and releases how it is essential to discover the
invisible potential of students with disabilities and impairments by stating the
efficient steps and techniques to make a solid understanding of what it means, what
the research shows, and proven strategies that bring out the benefits for everyone .
Keywords: inclusive education, SWD, disabled learners, cooperative learning,
instructional formats, multi-sensory approaches, independent collaboration,
LRE.
What is inclusive education? What does it mean?
Inclusive education is when all students, regardless of any diversities in their health
capabilities, have the right to equally age-appropriate general education classes that
are in their own neighborhood schools to receive high-quality academic excellence
without isolation and be provided with proper interventions, and supports that
enable them to meet success in the core curriculum (Bui, Quirk, Almazan, &
Valenti, 2010; Alquraini & Gut, 2012). As we know, the President of Uzbekistan,
Mirziyoyev Shavkat Miromonovich proposed to name the 2023 year "The Year of
Caring for People and Quality Education," while pointing out that "improving the
quality of education is the only right way to develop our country comprehensively,
which means every student has to be provided with effective education despite any
challenges they may have. Take the case, the administration of schools and
teachers should mainly look into the disabled students’ strengths rather than
weaknesses as the students with disabilities are as basically knowledgeable as
students without disabilities. For example, when I was teaching at an ordinary
school, I had two pupils with debilities and they were really obsessed with learning
and tried to express their thoughts by shouting and writing. Unfortunately, children
with disabilities have been deemed to be indifferent to education and unable to
perform as perfectly as others. This misconception led to exclusion of children
with disabilities from education which left them out of focus not only in education
but also in almost all areas of social life. They have been isolated by communities
up to now. Therefore, this sphere always demanded special, harder, and
affectionate consideration throughout all stages of history as disabilities vary in
terms of mental and physical aspects, and both require deep consideration and a
professional approach in every corner of the world. Successful inclusive education
happens primarily through accepting, understanding, and attending to student
differences and diversity, which can include physical, cognitive, academic, social,
and emotional.
The research on the benefits of inclusive education
There are numerous benefits to inclusive education for both special and ordinary
learners. According to research, the presence of SWD provides non-SWD with
new types of learning opportunities. One example is when they act as peer coaches.
Their own performance improves as they learn how to assist another student.
Another benefit is that as teachers take their diverse SWD learners into account,
they provide instruction in a wider range of learning modalities (visual, auditory,
and kinesthetic), which benefits their regular ed students as well.
Furthermore, helping and monitoring the restricted learners during the interactive
session of lessons shapes the responsibility and well-being values of the students
without disabilities. Simply put, both students with and without disabilities benefit
from inclusive learning.
Besides , working collaboratively with their peers shapes the responsibility and
well-being values of the students without disabilities by helping and monitoring
the restricted learners during the interactive session of lessons. Many studies over
the past three decades have found that students with disabilities have higher
achievement and improved skills through inclusive education, and their peers
without challenges benefit, too (Bui, et al., 2010; Dupuis, Barclay, Holms, Platt,
Shaha, & Lewis, 2006; Newman, 2006; Alquraini & Gut, 2012). For students with
disabilities (SWD), this includes academic gains in literacy (reading and writing),
math, and social studies — both in grades and on standardized tests — better
communication skills, and improved social skills, and more friendships. More time
in the general classroom for SWD is also associated with fewer absences and
referrals for disruptive behavior. This could be related to findings about attitude —
they have a higher self-concept, they like school and their teachers more, and are
more motivated around working and learning. That’s why applying inclusive
education to the school curriculum of Uzbekistan can be productive for those
impaired students who always absolutely intend to study in general classes and feel
the real atmosphere of learning without isolation.
The efficient strategies of bringing inclusive ways of teaching
There are a vast majority of instructional formats such as beginning with wholegroup instruction and progressing to more flexible groupings such as small groups,
stations/centers, and paired learning, and using technology such as interactive
whiteboards is associated with high student engagement across the board. Flexible
groupings are often teacher-led for younger students, but for older students, they
can be student-led with teacher oversight. Peer-supported learning, which can take
the form of pair work, cooperative grouping, peer tutoring, and student-led
demonstrations, can be very effective and engaging. Applying universal design for
learning is the fundamental approach to teaching inclusively. Actually, these are
methods that are varied and that support many learners’ needs. They include
multiple ways of representing content to students and for students to represent
learning back, such as modeling, images, objectives and manipulatives, graphic
organizers, oral and written responses, and technology. These can also be adapted
as modifications for SWDs where they have large print, use headphones, are
allowed to have a peer write their dictated response, draw a picture instead, use
calculators, or just have extra time. Furthermore, the cooperative learning model is
defined as groups of learners collaborating to solve a problem, complete a task, or
achieve a common goal (Artz and Newman, 1990). This model's concept is to
engage all students in teamwork for task implementation through interdependent
and cooperative collaboration. According to research, the effects of cooperative
learning have proven to be an effective tool for increasing the academic
achievements of both students with and without disabilities. Studies comparing
cooperative and individualized instruction concluded that cooperative learning
produces higher academic achievement for all students in a classroom (Stevens and
Slavin, 1995). Furthermore, cooperative learning fosters a sense of belonging in all
students (Johnson et al., 1984).
In a nutshell, this approach has a very promising future. The evidence is
overwhelming that inclusive education and classrooms cannot just meet the LRE
needs of students with disabilities, but also benefit regular education students. Both
parents and teachers become more positive as a result of exposure. Regular
education teachers can easily and successfully implement inclusive education with
the help of training and support. We ought to consider the invisible side of disabled
students rather than measuring their knowledge with their visible capabilities.
Their impairment shouldn’t be the center of attention but the object of affection,
though. That inclusive implementation would be one part of quality education by
opening the way to the students straight forwarding in order to be active citizens of
Uzbekistan who contribute to the development of our country and also get a
reasonable place in the global community through the holistic learning and highqualified teaching.
References
https://resilienteducator.com/classroom-resources/inclusive-education/
British council teachercommunity.teachingenglish.org.uk
Barton, L. (2003) Inclusive Education and Teachers Education: A Basis for hope
or a discourse for delusion (A professorial Lecture). University of London.
Barton L. and Armstrong, F (2007) Policy, experience and change: Cross-cultural
reflections on inclusive education, Dordrecht: Springer.
Broomé R.E. (2011), Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Method: An
Example of a Methodology Section from Doctoral Dissertation, Saybrook
University, retrieved from http://works.bepress.com/rodger_broome/9
Briggs, S. (2004). Inclusion: meeting SEN in secondary classrooms. London:
David Fulton Publishers.
Dalin, P. (1978) Limits to Educational Change. Macmillan International Collage
Editions. Studies on Education in Change, London: Macmillan in Association with
International Movement towards Educational Change.
Dyson, A., Farrell, P., Polat, F., Hutcheson, G. and Gallannaugh, F. (2004),
Research Report 578: Inclusion and Pupil Achievement. University of Newcastle:
Newcastle. Retrieved from
https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/RR578.pdf
Faden, R. and Beauchamp, T. (1986). A History and Theory of Informed Consent.
New York: Oxford University Press
Friend M., and Bursuck W.B. (2006) Including Students with Special Needs: A
Practical Guide for Classroom Teachers (4th ed.) Pearson.
Download