Macromolecules Chart
Macromole Functional
cule
Groups, Basic
(polymer)
Formula
Monomer
Subgroups
Examples
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
Monosaccharidessimple sugars
Disaccharides-double
sugars
Polysaccharides-many
sugars
Glucose,fructose, Energy
galactose
Sucrose
Lipids
C:H:O
1:2:1
CHO
Greater than 2:1
H:O ratio
(carboxyl group)
Fatty acid
and
glycerol
Saturated (all single
bonds)
Monounsaturated (one
double bond)
Soft margarine
Polyunsaturated (two
or more double bonds)
Olive oil
Phospholipids
(phosphate replaces a
FA)
Proteins
CHON
-NH2 + -COOH +
group
Amino
acids
CHONP
-5-C ribose,
phosphate,
nitrogenous
base
Nucleotide
(5-C ribose
sugar,
phosphate,
nitrogenou
s base)
Store
energy
structure
High calorie
foods,
energy
storage
Cell membrane
Protect cell
Steroids (4 fused rings)
Cholesterol
Testosterone
Progesterone
Chemical
messengers
Waxes ( –OH replaces
a FA)
Dipeptide (2 amino
acids)
Beeswax
(paraffin)
Enzymes
Muscles
Skin
Some hormones
Repel water
(leaves)
Storage
Signal
Structural
Contractile
Defensive
Enzyme
Transport
Receptor
Genetic
information
Polypeptide (many AA)
Nucleic
acids
Starch-plants
Glycogenanimals
Cellulose-plants
Chitin-insects
Butter
Uses
DNA
RNA
Stores and
transmits genetic
information