Diet
and
growth
Unit 7
CARBOHYDRATES
● Rice contain a lot of starch.
● Starch is a type of carbohydrate.
● Body break down the starch to
make glucose which a fuel that
your body use for respiration to
release energy.
Example of carbohydrates - bread,
beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, sugar
Proteins
● Protein is important to make new cells in the
body.
● It is needed for the body to grow and heal.
● It is also needed to make haemoglobin and
antibodies
● Animal-based foods (meat, poultry, fish,
eggs, and dairy foods) tend to be good
sources of complete protein, while
plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables,
grains, nuts, and seeds) often lack one or
more essential amino acid
FATS AND OILS
●
●
●
●
●
Fats and oils are very similar but at normal
temperature
Fats - solid
Oil - liquid
Fats and oil give you energy
They are also required to make cell membrane
animal fats used by humans - buer, suet (beef
fat), lard (pork fat), and fish oils.
Important vegetable oils - olive oil, peanut
(groundnut) oil, coconut oil, coonseed oil,
sunflower seed oil,
FIVE FOOD GROUPS
oil
PROTEIN
CARBS
fat
VITAMINS AND
MINERALS
Energy storage
Primary energy resource of the body - carbohydrates and fats
Secondary - proteins
●
Carbohydrates are stored in lile amount (short term energy stores) - liver and muscle
●
Fats are stored in good amount (long term storage) - underneath the skin and around
cells
some of the body organ.
Fat stored in the body provided heat insulation. Animals like seal have thick layer of fat under
their skin to keep them warm.
VITAMINS
Vitamins are nutrients that are needed in small
amount but are very essential for the body
functions.
VITAMIN A
(Retinol)
Illness caused by its deficiency -
Night blindness
VITAMIN C
(Ascorbic acid)
Benefits of vitamin C
1.
2.
Help skin to heal quickly
Keep blood vessels and
bone healthy
3. Give protection against
immune system
deficiencies
4. Reduce inflammation
Deficiency causes Scurvy - Weakness , swelling and bleeding gums
VITAMIN D
(Calciferol)
Benefits of vitamin D
1.
Needed for strong bones and
teeths
2. Help body absorb calcium from
food
3. Blood sugar regulation
4. Improves muscle growth,
function and recovery
5. Made in skin when sunlight falls
Deficiency causes Rickets - softening and weakening of bones in children
Minerals
1. CALCIUM
Calcium is a mineral most often
associated with healthy bones
and teeth it also plays an
important role in
1. blood cloing,
2. helping muscles to
contract,
3. and regulating normal heart
rhythms and nerve
functions.
2. IRON
Deficiency - Without enough iron,
your body can’t produce enough of a
substance in red blood cells that
enables them to carry oxygen
(hemoglobin). As a result, iron
deficiency anemia may leave you tired
and short of breath
WATER
FIBRE
●
●
●
●
●
Fibre is not actually a nutrient as
you can eat it but you cannot
digest it.
It does not go to your blood or
cells of the body
It leaves the body as faeces.
It helps prevent constipation when the digestive system slows
down and faeces collect inside it,
instead of being passed out.
Fibre is mostly cellulose
(therefore mostly plant products)
BALANCED DIET
A diet that provides all the dierent kinds of nutrients,
and the right amount of energy is called as balanced
diet.
HW - Q1-5 pg 244 of textbook
Dierent people need dierent diet
● Young people need more protein to make new cells
and carbohydrates to give more energy and a lile
bit of fat to make the membrane on the new cells
● People who have to sit down for a lot of the day
need less energy so they don’t need as much fat
and carbohydrates
● Pregnant women need to eat plenty of protein to
help build her baby.She needs iron to make
haemoglobin for her and her baby and calcium to
build the bones of the baby.
DISADVANTAGES OF
CONSUMING EXCESS FOOD
●
➢
➢
Too much sugar Can make tooth decay
Increases risk of developing diabetes
●
➢
Too much fat and oil Make you put weight which can put
strain on your joint, heart and other
body organs.
●
➢
Too much animal fat Increase the risk of developing heart
disease.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into
two daughter cells.
Textbook
question
pg 249
EXERCISE
AND
HEALTH
SMOKING
Smoking cigaree damages
the smoker’s health.
Second Hand smoking
exposure occurs when people
who do not smoke breathe in
smoke exhaled by people who
smoke or from burning
tobacco products.
NICOTINE
●
●
●
●
Nicotine helps to stay alert .
Nicotine is addictive
Nicotine damages the blood vessels
(makes it narrower)
Smokers are more likely to suer from
heart diseases.
TAR
●
●
●
It is a dark and sticky substance
It causes lung cancer
Cancer happens when cells start
dividing out of control and spread to
other parts of the body
CARBON MONOXIDE
●
●
●
●
It is a poisonous gas
In the blood it combines with
haemoglobin and therefore prevents
oxygen from forming a bond
haemoglobin
Smoker does not get enough oxygen
They cannot carry out enough
respiration and thus do not have
enough energy
PARTICULATES
●
●
●
●
●
Tiny particles of carbon and other materials is called particulates.
They get trapped inside the smokers lungs
They make the walls of alveoli breakdown
Instead of having millions of alveoli smoker has a lot big spaces
This makes it diicult for them to get enough oxygen.
TEXTBOOK
QUESTIONS PG
251
The skeleton
the external skeleton
that supports and
protects an animal's
body is called as an
exoskeleton
Link - hps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h5dYvPruBFY
JOINTS
In an antagonistic
muscle pair as one
muscle contracts the
other muscle relaxes or
lengthens. The muscle
that is contracting is
called the agonist and
the muscle that is
relaxing or lengthening
is called the
antagonist.
The human body is the most complex system
ever created. The more we learn about it, the
more appreciation we have about what a rich
system it is.
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo,
including icons by Flaticon and infographics & images by Freepik