Blood Vessels Test Review Questions
1. volume of blood flowing through a vessel, organ or entire circulation at a given period of
time
a. Blood flow
2. force per unit area exerted on a vessel wall by the blood
a. Blood pressure
3. opposition to flow, measurement of friction blood encounters
a. Resistance
4. What three factors impact resistance?
a. Blood viscosity
b. Diameter
c. Length
5. What are the three tunics of the heart called?
a. Tunica intima
b. Tunica media
c. Tunica externa
6. What is vaso vasorum?
a. A blood supply to the vessel
7. This tunic may contain vaso vasorum?
a. Tunica externa
8. This tunic consists of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells with elastic fibers
a. Tunica media
9. This tunic is made up of simple squamous epithelium with a subendothelial layer of
areolar tissue
a. Tunica intima
10. The space inside a vessel is called the
a. Lumen
11. Vessel that moves blood from the heart to the capillaries
a. Arteries
12. When the foramen ovale closes, it becomes the _______________, a small depression
between the atria of the heart
a. Fossa ovalis
13. Vessel that moves blood from capillaries to the heart
14. Which artery has the highest pressure throughout the body?
a. Veins
15. Microscopic vessels where exchange between blood and tissues occur
a. Capillaries
16. Elastic (conducting) arteries are the
a. Largest type of arteries
17. Which vein has the no or almost none pressure?
a. Venae cavae
18. What type of arteries are most named arteries?
a. Muscular (distributing)
19. The type of arteries that mainly regulate systemic blood pressure and blood flow are…
a. Arterioles
20. What is an atheroma?
a. Fatty plaque that occurs in atherosclerosis patients
21. Increased cholesterol in the blood…
a. Hypercholesterolemia
22. Describe an angioplasty
a. Catheter goes into a vessel to place a stent (Wiry tube that opens vessels wider)
23. When part of the arterial wall thins and balloons out
a. Aneurysm
24. Pores found in fenestrated capillaries are called
a. Fenestrations
25. Does angiotensin II increase or decrease blood pressure?
a. Increases by causing vasoconstriction, stimulating thirst center, and decreasing
urine formation
26. The three types of capillaries are…
a. Continuous capillaries
b. Fenestrated capillaries
c. Sinusoid capillaries
27. Structures in the body sinusoid capillaries are often very red in color. Name a bodily
structure that is full of sinusoid capillaries.
a. Bone marrow
b. Spleen
c. Parathyroid gland
d. Anterior pituitary
e. Adrenal glands
28. A group of capillaries functioning together is known as a
a. Capillary bed
29. Vessel branch of an arteriole that feeds a capillary bed
a. Metarteriole
30. A spherical muscle that controls blood flow in capillary beds by contracting and relaxing
a. Precapillary sphincter
31. Amount of blood entering capillaries per unit time per gram of tissue, measured
(mL/min/g)
a. Perfusion
32. Smallest time of veins are
a. Venules
33. During rest 70% of blood is stored in systemic circulation, this means that veins are a
a. Blood reservoir
34. This blood vessel pathway involves one major artery supplying an organ or region and
one vein draining an organ or region
a. Simple pathway
35. When an organ or region is drained by two or more veins, it is called this pathway
a. Venous anastomosis
36. This alternative pathway of blood flow has multiple capillary beds in a row; it might have
a sequence like this: artery>capillary bed>portal vein>capillary bed>vein
a. Portal system
37. The medical term for clot is
a. Thrombus
38. The formation of capillaries is known
a. Angiogenesis
39. Name two situations where angiogenesis may occur
a.
Weight gain
b. Tumor growth
c. Muscles growth
d. Response to blockages
40. Twisted veins due to insufficient valves is what condition
a. Varicose veins
41. Condition of varicose veins around the rectum
a. Hemorrhoids
42. Blood pooling and clotting in veins that is especially common in the legs
a. Deep vein thrombosis
43. Erythrocytes traveling in a single line, typical in capillaries
a. Rouleau
44. Gaps between endothelial cells of capillary walls
a. Intercellular clefts
45. Where is blood flow velocity highest in the cardiovascular system?
a. Closer to the heart, elastic arteries
46. Substances leave or enter blood according to their concentration gradient (high to low)
a. Diffusion
47. Fluid moving out of blood
a. Filtration
48. A patient comes in with a blood pressure of 80/60, is there blood pressure normal,
hypertensive, or hypotensive?
a. Hypotensive, <90 systole and/or <60 diastol
49. Fluid moving back into blood
a. Reabsorption
50. Force exerted by blood against the vessel wall
a. Blood hydrostatic pressure
51. Force of interstitial fluid on the outside of blood vessels
a. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
52. At the venous ends of capillaries, fluid is reabsorbed back into the capillaries. However,
about 15% of fluid is not reabsorbed. Which body system picks up excess fluid not
reabsorbed at the venous capillary end?
a. Lymphatic system
53. This type of chemical dilates vessels and increases blood flow
a. Vasodilators
54. Increase in blood flow after it is temporarily disrupted is
a. Reactive hyperemia
55. Amount of blood transported through vasculature per unit of time
a. Total blood flow
56. Force of blood against a vessel wall
a. Blood pressure
57. Systolic pressure occurs when ventricles
a. Contract/are in systole
58. If blood pressure is 120/80, which number represents diastolic pressure?
a. The bottom number, 80
59. Pressure in arteries added by heart contractions is
a. Pulse pressure
60. How do you calculate pulse pressure
a. Systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
61. The radial artery, common carotid artery, and femoral artery and common
a. Pulse points
62. What are the two autonomic nuclei that make up the cardiovascular center of the
medulla?
a. Cardiac center- influence cardiac output
b. Vasomotor center- influences vessel diameter
63. Average arterial pressure across the entire cardiac cycle is
a. Mean arterial pressure (MAP)
64. Which vessels no longer have a fluctuation between systolic and diastolic pressure
a. Capillaries
65. If a patient has a blood pressure of 130/90, what is their pulse pressure?
a. 40 mm Hg
66. The condition of excess interstitial fluid in the brain, commonly associated with a high
mean arterial pressure is
a. Cerebral Edema
67. What prevents backflow of blood in veins throughout the entire body?
a. Valves
68. This is a condition of insufficient blood flow to perfused tissues; can be caused from low
venous return and/or an impaired heart
a. Circulatory shock
69. Blood flow has laminar flow, which means there is a different flow rate happening in
different regions of a vessel’s lumen. Where is blood flow fastest?
a. In the center region of the vessel
70. __________ is the technical name of the tool used to measure blood pressure
a. Sphygmomanometer
71. Thickening of arteriole walls is
a. Arteriolosclerosis
72. Hypertension is the condition of chronically elevated blood pressure. What number must
the systolic pressure be and/or the diastolic pressure be?
a. >140 systole and/or >90 diastol
73. Chronically low blood pressure is
a. Hypotension- <90 systole and/or <60 diastol
74. Drop in blood pressure after sudden standing is
a. Orthostatic hypotension
75. Name three organs that receive more blood than usual during exercise
a. Brain
b. Heart
c. Skin
d. Skeletal muscles
76. Fetuses receive oxygen and nutrients through this organ developed by the mother during
pregnancy.
a. Placenta
77. Name two organs or regions that experience decreased blood flow during exercise
a. Kidneys
b. Abdominal organs
78. Blood is shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium via the
a. Foramen ovale