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Neo Freudians Theory
Submitted by Bhargav D.R (1RV19IS015)
Submitted to Dr. C. Bindu Ashwini
 Neo-Freudian psychologists were thinkers who agreed with many of the
fundamental tenets of Freud's psychoanalytic theory but changed and adapted the
approach to incorporate their own beliefs, ideas, and opinions.
 Many of these thinkers agreed with Freud's concept of the unconscious mind and
the importance of early childhood.
 There were, however, a number of points that other scholars disagreed with or
directly rejected.
 Because of this, these individuals went on to propose their own unique theories of
personality and cognition.
 1875–1961
 Unhappy Childhood
 Strange dreams and fantasies
 Study of medicine
 The years with Freud
 Neurotic Episode
 Sex life
 Fame and weird behaviour
 The most prominent and distinctive feature of Jung’s view of humans is that it
combines:
 Causality: Individual racial history

Teleology: aims and aspirations
 Both the past as actuality and the future as potentiality guide one’s present
behaviour.
 Jung’s theory is also distinguished from all other approaches to personality by the
strong emphasis that is placed upon the racial and phylogenetic foundations of
personality
 One of the first points on which Jung disagreed with Freud involved the nature of
libido.
 Jung did not believe that libido was primarily a sexual energy; he argued instead
that it was a broad, undifferentiated life energy.
 Jung used the term libido in two ways:


first, as a diffuse and g eneral life energ y, and
second, from a perspective similar to Freud’s, as a narrower psychic energy that fuels the
work of the personality, which he called the psyche.
 It is through psychic energy that psychological activities such as perceiving,
thinking, feeling, and wishing are carried out.
 When a person invests a great deal of psychic energy in a particular idea or
feeling, it is said to have a high psychic value and can strongly influence the
person’s life.
 Opposition Principle: Jung’s idea that conflict between opposing processes or
tendencies is necessary to generate psychic energy.
 Equivalence Principle: The continuing redistribution of energy within a
personality; if the energy expended on certain conditions or activities weakens or
disappears, that energy is transferred elsewhere in the personality.
 Entropy Principle: A tendency toward balance or equilibrium within the
personality; the ideal is an equal distribution of psychic energy over all structures
of the personality.
Jung believed that the total personality, or psyche, is composed of several distinct
systems or aspects that can influence one another.
 The Ego
 The Attitudes: Extraversion and Introversion
 Psychological Functions/ Types
 The Personal Unconscious
 The Collective Unconscious
 Archetypes
 The ego is the center of
consciousness, the part of the psyche
concerned with perceiving, thinking,
feeling, and remembering.
 It is our awareness of ourselves and is
responsible for carrying out all the
normal everyday activities of waking
life.
 The ego acts in a selective way,
admitting into conscious awareness
only a portion of the stimuli to which
we are exposed.
 Much of our conscious perception of our environment, and how we react to it, is
determined by the opposing mental attitudes of extraversion and introversion.
 Jung believed that psychic energy could be channeled externally, toward the
outside world, or internally, toward the self.
 Extraverts are open, sociable, and socially assertive, oriented toward other people and
the external world.
 Introverts are withdrawn and often shy, and tend to focus on themselves, on their own
thoughts and feelings.
 According to Jung, all of us have the capacity for both attitudes, but only one becomes
dominant in our personality.
INTROVERTED AND
EXTROVERTED
Rational and irrational
Thinking
Feeling
Intuition
Sensation
Psychological Functions: functions refer to different and opposing ways of
perceiving both the external real world and our subjective inner world.
 Non-rational: These functions accept experiences and do not evaluate them.
Sensing reproduces an experience through the senses the way a photograph copies an
object.
 Intuiting does not arise directly from an external stimulus. For example, if we believe
someone else is with us in a darkened room, our belief may be based on our intuition or a
hunch rather than on actual sensory experience.

 Rational: involve making judgments and evaluations about our experiences.
thinking function involves a conscious judgment of whether an experience is true or
false.
 The kind of evaluation made by the feeling function is expressed in terms of like or
dislike, pleasantness or unpleasantness, stimulation or dullness

 The personal unconscious in Jung’s
system is similar to Freud’s concept
of the preconscious.
 It is a reservoir of material that was
once conscious but has been
forgotten or suppressed because it
was trivial or disturbing.
 There is considerable two-way traffic
back and forth between the ego and
the personal unconscious
 The deepest and least accessible
level of the psyche
 containing the accumulation of
inherited experiences of human and
pre-human species.
 We do not inherit these collective
experiences directly. We are
predisposed to behave and feel the
same ways people have always
behaved and felt.
 Whether the predisposition becomes
reality depends on the specific
experiences we encounter in life.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under C C BY
 Jung believed that certain basic experiences have characterized every generation
throughout human history.
 People have always had a mother figure, for example, and have experienced birth
and death. They have faced unknown terrors in the dark, worshipped power or
some sort of godlike figure, and feared an evil being.
 The universality of these experiences over countless evolving generations leaves
an imprint on each of us at birth and determines how we perceive and react to our
world. Jung wrote,“The form of the world into which [a person] is born is already
inborn in him, as a virtual image ”
 Because the collective unconscious is such an unusual concept, it is important to
note the reason Jung proposed it and the kind of evidence he gathered to support
it. In his studies of ancient cultures, both mythical and real, Jung discovered what he
believed to be common themes and symbols that appeared in diverse parts of the
world.
 The ancient experiences contained in the
collective unconscious are manifested by
recurring themes or patterns, which Jung called
archetypes (Jung, 1947).
 He also used the term primordial images.
 There are many such images, as many as there are
common human experiences.
 By being repeated in the lives of succeeding
generations, archetypes have become imprinted
in our psyches and are expressed in our dreams
and fantasies.
 Among the archetypes Jung proposed are the
hero, the mother, the child, G o d, death, power, and
the wise old man.
Persona Archetype:
The public face or role a person
presents to others.
Animus archetype: Masculine
aspects of the female psyche.
Anima archetype: Feminine
aspects of the male psyche
Shadow Archetype: The dark
side of the personality; the
archetype that contains
primitive animal instincts.
Self Archetype: To Jung, the
archetype that represents the
unity, integration, and harmony
of the total personality.