Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
PSYC 107 - Introduction to Psychology
Note outlines for the online lectures in Week 1 Canvas module –
THIS INFORMATION WILL BE ON THE EXAM (not the
quizzes)
Use these note outlines to guide your note taking while you
watch the online lectures.
Online lecture: Evolution of Psychology – Historical and Modern Perspectives
First actual psychology lab ever = 1879
A very young science
: Incremental progress
→
Multiple diverse perspectives
Converging and advancing over time
how we
•
•
@
•
study
thinking
↳
②@
•
human
/
Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud (Victorian era)
“insight” therapy for fear & anxiety
behavior
_
early childhood
repression
Unconscious motivations ( sex / violence)
Untestable
no way to prove it's negative
HUGE influence. Early experiences affect later experiences.
Behaviorism (aka learning) - believed all behavior is learned
from
experience
~
Tabula rasa
uninterested in unconscious
↳
•
should
motivations
science
incremental
is
↳ idea
explain
,
explanation
it
,
test
revise
,
idea
theory
↳ dismiss
work
right
,
that
ideas
gets
don't
closer
us
to
idea
Victorian
era
I t
↳ thinking
about
Shameful
↳
people
ex
were
unaware
sex =
Oedipus
.
complex
completely
needs
them
were
↳
causes
repression
shame
,
induces
↳ only
,
anxiety
that
psychological
was
cure
stress
disorder
psychotherapy
Behaviorism
-
tabula
rasa
↳ we're
all
born
as
blank
states
↳
experiences
behavior
determine
:
Says motivations are observable
Dismissed unconscious motivations as unobservable and
therefore unscientific
explains
③@ only
perception
•
•
•
Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt = “good figure”
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts world is much
the way we perceive
the
bigger than the pieces we use to create
People naturally seek out meaningful patterns (“wholes”)
our
brain
that
takes in info
perception
and seeks
•
meaning
Sensations yield perceptions
ex
Brought cognition back to focus
•
.
white cube
circles
on
blue
picture
ONLINE LECTURE – 7 Modern Perspectives on Studying Psychology
①@
-
,
Psychodynamic – still focuses on the unconscious and early
development, but also examines other motivations beyond sex
and aggression. modern Freud psychoanalytic theory
ex
.
altruism
Behavioral – still focuses on overt, measurable, learned
②@
behaviors, but also now accepts that unobservable covert mental
processes are involved. modern behaviorism
Humanistic/Positive Psychology – States people have the free
③will to consciously choose their own destiny, and everyone has
the potential for self-actualization. people essentially
ex Christmas
Carol
Biopsychological
–
believes
behavior is a result of biological
I
events (genetics, hormones, nervous system activity, etc.)
good
.
④
all
psychological
events followed
by
Cognitive – studies the mental processes of memory, biological
⑤☐
intelligence, perception, problem-solving, language, and
learning.
event
Self
Pyramid
of
-
"
"
all other
needs met
safety needs
↳
fakes
lives
in
the context
of
our
experiences & cultural beliefs
change the way people think Ébehave
social
Sociocultural – focuses on the relationship between social
⑥☐
behavior (e.g., how we interact with others) and culture; the
effects of group dynamics.
nurtures
influence
on
thinking / behavior
Evolutionary
–
focuses
on
the
genetic
and biological bases of
I
universall mental characteristics shared my all humans, therefore
having an adaptive or survival value. ex lying
overall human
field moving towards
experience
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: Nature-Nurture Controversy convergence
of
debate over the power of genes vs. experiences on development theories
⑦
.
Emphasizes multiple factors
Cognitive (mental processing)
Biological (brain and nervous system)
: Evolutionary (genetics)
Cultural (beliefs, customs, group identity, parenting)
Environmental (weather, famine)
•
-
-
nature
=
nurture
↳
born
=
with
everything
else
every psychological thing
influenced
by both
is
ticalthinKing(ER#
Cri
↳ examine
ALI
statements
& claims
↳
people
beliefs
's
own
shaped by
experiences
↳ indenting
inherent
biases
¢ assumptions
↳ consult
diverse
consider
sources
variety
of
positions
↳
psychology
difevs
from
approached
perspectives
when
different
&