SES3017M Advanced Sport Physiology 2022/23 Practical Assessment Portfolio for the Athlete Submission Deadline: 2pm, 13th December, 2022 (electronic submission only – PDF file) Group Student Assessment IDs / names: Word Count: N/A Assessment Feedback Assessment Feedback Form Student Name (s) /IDs First Marker Mistrelle Ellmore Advanced Sport Module Code SES3017M Physiology Assignment Practical Assessment of an Athlete (20% weighting) Module Title Key Assessment Features Outstanding Excellent Very Good Good Fair Low Pass Marginal Fail Absolute Fail Assessment Framework, Screening and Safety Paperwork Physiological Assessment Communication, Feedback and Reflection Research, Style and Referencing General Feedback: To improve your work in the future you could: Agreed Percentage Mark: NB All marks are provisional until confirmed by a formally constituted Board of Examiners Date: January 2023 Table of contents 1.0 Screening framework 2.0 Assessment framework 3.0 Pre-test 3.1 Client information 4.0 During the test 5.0 Post-test 6.0 References Screening framework Assessment framework Pre-test Client information During the test Post-test The athlete The athlete was a 23-year-old male endurance runner, currently not competing or training regularly. He was previously a national level runner at a junior level but is currently classified as recreational. A recreational runner can be defined as a runner who trains and competes during leisure time and around their daily activities (e.g., work, family, school), independently of performance level and objectives (Boullosa et al., 2020). Materials and methods Professionalism Professional standards outlined by the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) were adhered to at all times. These include having a minimum base of knowledge and standards regarding the testing procedures and general area of research, providing high standards of safeguarding, especially when working with young or vulnerable athletes or clients, and participating in regular reflective practice (Price et al., 2022). Protocol Upon signing informed consent for both the protocol and blood sampling, and upon completion of a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, initial anthropometric measurements were taken from the athlete (stature (cm): 187.0; mass (kg); 91.2) (213, Seca, Germany; 877, Seca GmbH, Germany). The athlete completed a lab-based graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill (Mercury, HP Cosmos, Germany), in order to establish his VO2max. The protocol was similar to the graded exercise test used by Faulkner et al. (2015), whereby, following warm-up stages to allow the participant to reach a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (Borg, 1982) of 13, between 6-8 two-minute stages were performed, with the treadmill speed increasing by 1km·hr-1 each stage. Treadmill gradient was constant at 1% to reflect the energetic cost of running outdoors, as the athlete normally would (Jones & Doust, 1996). Upon completion of the graded exercise test, the participant completed a 5- to 10-minute cool-down period at a low intensity (walking) on the treadmill, and 15 minutes post-test completed a verification stage (Hawkins et al., 2007), whereby the athlete warmed up to 1km·hr-1 higher than the last speed in the recorded stage and ran to volitional exhaustion. Respiratory gases (VO2, respiratory exchange ratio [RER]), were continuously monitored using breath-by-breath analysis (MetaLyzer 3B, Cortex Medical, Germany), with backup readings taken during the last 30 seconds of each stage. Heart rate was recorded using a chest-strap monitor (Polar Electro, Finland), and capillary blood lactate samples were taken (Lactate Pro 2, Acrkray, Japan) at resting conditions, during the final 30-second of each stage, immediately after the verification stage, and 15-minutes post-test. The athlete was asked to provide a RPE during the final 30 seconds of each stage. The following criteria were accepted as indicators of maximal effort and capacity (Edvardsen et al., 2014): a visible plateau in VO2 during the final recorded stage of the test, blood lactate concentration of ≥ 8.0 mmol·L–1, RER ≥ 1.15, or maximal heart rate within 10% of age-predicted maximum (Tanaka et al., 2001). References Borg, G. (1982). Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 14(5), 377-381. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-189205000-00012 Boullosa, D., Esteve-Lanao, J., Casado, A., Peyré-Tartaruge, L. A., da Rosa, R. G., & Del Coso, J. (2020). Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners. Sports, 8(3), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8030035 Edvardsen, E., Hem, E., & Anderssen, S. A. (2014). End Criteria for Reaching Maximal Oxygen Uptake Must Be Strict and Adjusted to Sex and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One, 9(1), e85276. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085276 Faulkner, J., Mauger, A. R., Woolley, B., & Lambrick, D. (2015). The Efficacy of a SelfPaced VO2max Test During Motorized Treadmill Exercise. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(1), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0052. Hawkins, M. N., Raven, P. B., Snell, P. G., Stray-Gundersen, J., & Levine, B. D. (2007). Maximal oxygen uptake as a parametric measure of cardiorespiratory capacity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 39(1), 103-107. https://doi.org/101249/01.mss.0000241641.75101.64. Jones, A. M., & Doust, J. H. (1996). A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(4), 321-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419608727717 Price, M. J., Miles, A. M., & Smith, P. M. (2022). Professional competency and working with others. In (R. C. R. Davison, P. M. Smith, J. Hopker, M. J. Price, F. Herringa, G. Tew, & L. Bottoms (Eds.), Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing: The British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences Guide (pp. 5-10). Routledge. Tanaka, H., Monaham, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153-156. https://doi.org/10/1016/s0735-1097(00)01054-8 Appendix A Athlete contact timetable Date: 19-Nov 20-Nov 27-Nov 3-Dec 2-Jan 9-Jan 16-Jan 23-Jan 30-Jan 6-Feb 13-Feb Action: Participant approached to take part in support package, procedures explained to participant Participant agreed to partake in support package PAR-Q, informed consent, and blood sampling consent signed Pre-intervention testing completed Support programme: week 1, mesocycle 1 starts Support programme: week 2 Support programme: week 3, end of week checkup in preparation for any changes required to mesocycle 2 Support programme: week 4 Support programme: week 5, mesocycle 2 starts Support programme: week 6 Support programme: week 7, end of week checkup in preparation for any changes required to mesocycle 3 20-Feb 27-Feb 6-Mar 13-Mar 20-Mar 27-Mar Support programme: week 8 Support programme: week 9, mesocycle 3 starts Support programme: week 10 Support programme: week 11 Support programme: week 12 Post-intervention testing completed Appendix B Testing session plan Time (hh:mm): 0:00 Action: Athlete welcomed and briefed about the schedule of the day 0:05 PAR-Q changes enquired and confirmed, anthropometric measurements recorded, mask fitting, MetaSoft setup 0:15 0:20 0:25 0:27 0:29 0:31 0:33 0:35 0:37 Safety briefing given to athlete Athlete begins warm-up stages Athlete begins stage 1 Athlete begins stage 2 Athlete begins stage 3 Athlete begins stage 4 Athlete begins stage 5 Athlete begins stage 6 Athlete begins cool-down period, mask removed 0:47 0:50 0:51 Basic feedback given to athlete Mask is re-fitted to athlete Athlete begins secondary warm-up (fast walking on treadmill) 0:52 Athlete begins VO2max verification stage 0:55 Athlete ends VO2max verification stage and begins cool-down, mask removed 1:05 Athlete ends cool down and is monitored post-test until satisfied to be allowed to leave safely, detailed feedback given 1:15 Athlete released if safe to do so Appendix C Current athlete training program Period: Monday: Tuesday: AM Resistance Training Slow run: 10km PM Resistance Training Wednesday: Thursday: Fast run: 5km Resistance Training Friday: Saturday: Slow run: 10km Fast run: 5km Resistance Training Sunday: Appendix D Athlete goals Appendix E Blank testing record sheet