What is Hyogo Framework?
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) ... The Hyogo Framework was the global
blueprint for disaster risk reduction efforts between 2005 and 2015. Its goal was
to substantially reduce disaster losses by 2015 - in lives, and in the social,
economic, and environmental assets of communities and countries
What is Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction?
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. ... It aims to achieve
the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health
and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of
persons, businesses, communities and countries over the next 15 years
The Sendai Framework sets four specific priorities for action:[4]
1. Understanding disaster risk;
2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk;
3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience;
4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to "Build Back
Better" in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the outcome and goal
of the Sendai Framework, seven global targets have been agreed:[4]
1. Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower
average per 100,000 global mortality between 2020-2030 compared to
2005-2015;
2. Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030,
aiming to lower the average global figure per 100,000 between 2020-2030
compared to 2005-2015;
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3. Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global gross domestic
product by 2030;
4. Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and
disruption of basic services, among them health and educational facilities,
including through developing their resilience by 2030;
5. Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local
disaster risk reduction strategies by 2020;
6. Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries
through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national
actions for implementation of the framework by 2030;
7. Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early
warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the
people by 2030
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Phenomenon:
ENSO is one of the most important climate phenomena on Earth due to its ability
to change the global atmospheric circulation, which in turn, influences
temperature and precipitation across the globe. We also focus on ENSO because
we can often predict its arrival many seasons in advance of its strongest impacts
on weather and climate.
 :El Niño: A warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface
temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over
Indonesia, rainfall tends to become reduced while rainfall increases over the
tropical Pacific Ocean
 La Niña: A cooling of the ocean surface, or below-average sea surface
temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over
Indonesia, rainfall tends to increase while rainfall decreases over the central
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tropical Pacific Ocean. The normal easterly winds along the equator become
even stronger.
 Neutral: Neither El Niño or La Niña. Often tropical Pacific SSTs are
generally close to average. However, there are some instances when the
ocean can look like it is in an El Niño or La Niña state, but the atmosphere is
not playing along (or vice versa).
What is disaster resilience?
Disaster resilience is the ability of individuals, communities, organisations and
states to adapt to and recover from hazards, shocks or stresses without
compromising long-term prospects for development. According to the Hyogo
Framework for Action (UNISDR, 2005), disaster resilience is determined by the
degree to which individuals, communities and public and private organisations are
capable of organising themselves to learn from past disasters and reduce their
risks to future ones, at international, regional, national and local levels.
. Capacity:
refers to all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a
community, organization or society to manage and reduce disaster risks and
strengthen resilience
Extensive risk: The risk of low-severity, high-frequency hazardous events and
disasters, mainly but not exclusively associated with highly localized hazards.
Annotation: Extensive disaster risk is usually high where communities are
exposed to, and vulnerable to, recurring localized floods, landslides, storms or
drought.Extensive risk is associated with poverty, urbanization and environmental
degradaradation….extensive risk is normally associated with weather related
hazards
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Disaster risk managment: Disaster Risk Management is the application of disaster
risk reduction policies and strategies, to prevent new disaster risks, reduce
existing disaster risk and manage residual risks, contributing to the strengthening
of resilience and reduction of losses.
It contain follwing steps
 BBB.Build back better
 Sendai frame work
 Hyogo frame work
Acceptable risk:
Refers to the level of human and property loss that can be
tolerated by an individual, household, group, organization, community, region,
state, or nation. For instance, the risk of flooding can be accepted once every
500 years but it is not unacceptable in every ten years.
5 Ways To Manage Risk:




Accept the risk
Avoid the risk
Transfer the risk
Mitigate the risk
Exploit the risk
Risk transfer : is a risk management and control strategy that involves the
contractual shifting of a pure risk from one party to another. One example is the
purchase of an insurance policy, by which a specified risk of loss is passed from
the policyholder to the insurer.
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Adventage of risk transfer:The ideal use and true purpose of contractual risk transfer is to place the financial
burden of a loss on the party best able to control or prevent the incident leading
to injury or damage
What is risk mitigation?
Risk mitigation planning is the process of developing options and actions to
enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives.
How to mitigate the risk:Characterize the root causes of risks that have been identified and
quantified in earlier phases of the risk management process.
Evaluate risk interactions and common causes.
Identify alternative mitigation strategies, methods, and tools for each major
risk.
Assess and prioritize mitigation alternatives.
Select and commit the resources required for specific risk mitigation
alternative .
Communicate planning results to all project participants for
implementation
Sourcse of risk.
 Technical
 Cost
 Schedule
 Client
 Contractual
 Weather
 Financial
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 Political

Environmental

People
Contengency plan:
A management process that analyses specific potential events or emerging
situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes
arrangements in advance to enable timely,effective and appropriate responses to
such events and situations.
Contingency planning: aims to prepare an organization to respond well to
an emergency and its potential humanitarian impact. ... Such planning is a
management tool, involving all sectors, which can help ensure timely and
effective provision of humanitarian aid to those most in need when
a disaster occurs
Land-use planning: is the process of ordering and regulating the utilization of
land that promotes the efficient and ethical use of land, hence promoting best
practices in land use such as environmental conservation, space economization,
and prevention of land-use conflicts.[1] Fundamentally, land-use planning is an
indispensable tool for land control and pollution prevention.
The major categories on the basis of activities include residential, commercial,
transportation, public, and semi-public use, government offices, etc. This
categorization is considered essential to keep a balance of different activities
taking place in an area.
Importance of land use planning
Land use planning is essential for governing the growth of the different activities.
A certain percentage of land is reserved for various activities. This helps in
balancing all the activities and avoiding the excess of a particular activity. It also
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helps in keeping a check on conflicting activities such as residential and industrial
as the pollution from industries will have an adverse effect on the people living
nearby.
Growing risk: Climate change can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways - by
altering the frequency and intensity of hazard events, affecting vulnerability to
hazards, and changing exposure patterns. Disaster risk is magnified by climate
change; it can increase the hazard while at the same time decreasing the
resilience of households and communities. . Population growth and distribution,
especially increased population density and urbanization, increases vulnerability
to disasters. ... The growth of coastal populations, for instance, raises important
concerns about increased human exposure to coastal flooding, hurricanes, and
tsunamis.
Vulnerability: “the characteristics of a person or group and their situation that
influences their capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the
impact of a natural hazard
POPULATION GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION
Population growth and distribution, especially increased population density and
urbanization, increases vulnerability to disasters.2 nearly 80 percent of the U.S.
population resides in urban areas, resulting in increasing population
concentration in coastal communities and flood-prone areas. Congestion, limited
escape routes, dense infrastructure, and poverty add to the vulnerability. Cities
and countries in other regions of the world face similar problems. For example,
researchers argue that in countries such as China, urban earthquakes are more
dangerous because of the density of the infrastructure.3
Social diversity: the culture of social groups also plays an important role. For
example, one key factor regarding why Latinos may suffer higher vulnerability to
disasters in the United States may relate to their language abilities. Commonly
issued in English, disaster warnings may be misunderstood or not understood at
all by Spanish-speaking individuals
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NDMA OF PAKISTAN(August 17,2007):National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) is the lead agency at the Federal level to deal with the whole spectrum of
Disaster Management activities. It is the executive arm of the National Disaster
Management Commission (NDMC) which has been established under the
Chairmanship of the Prime Minister as the apex policy making body in the field of
Disaster Management. It main objectives is
 To implement
 To coordinate
 Monitoring body
Mendate of national disaster management commisstion of Pakistan:
1. Subject to the provisions of NDMA Act 2010, the National Commission shall
have the responsibility for laying down the policies, plans and guidelines for
disaster management.
2. Without prejudice to generality of the provisions in sub section (1) of the
NDMA Act 2010 , the National Commission may :a. Lay down policies on disaster management.
b. Approve the National Plan.
c. Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Divisions of the Federal
Government in accordance with the National Plan.
d. Lay down guidelines to be followed by Federal Government and
Provincial Authorities.
e. Arrange for, and oversee, the provision of funds for the purpose of
mitigation measures, preparedness and response.
f. Provide such support to other countries affected by major disasters
as Federal Government may determine.
g. Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or the
mitigation, or for preparedness and capacity building for dealing with
disaster situation as it may consider necessary.
3. The Chairperson of the National Commission shall, in the case of
emergency, have power to exercise all or any of the powers of the National
Commission but exercise of such powers shall be subject to ex-post facto
ratification by the National Commission
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Mandate of PDMC(provisional disaster management commisstion)
1. Subject to the provisions of NDMA Act 2010, a Provincial Commission shall
have the responsibility of laying down policies and plans for disaster
management in the province.
2. Without prejudice to the generality of provisions specified in sub-section
(1),the Provincial Commission may :a. Lay down the Provincial disaster management policy.
b. Lay down the Provincial Plan in accordance with the guidelines laid
down by the National Commission.
c. Approve the disaster management plans prepared by the
departments of the Provincial Governments.
d. Review the implementation of the plan.
e. Oversee the provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness
measures.
f. Review the development plans of the different departments of the
Province and ensure that prevention and mitigation measures are
integrated therein.
g. Review the measures being taken for mitigation, capacity building
and preparedness by the departments of the Provincial Government
and issue such guidelines or directions as may be necessary.
3. The Chairperson of the Provincial Commission shall,in the case of
emergency, have power to exercise all or any of the powers of the
Provincial Commission but the exercise of such powers shall be subject to
ex-post facto approval of the Provincial Commission.
UNISDR:
Strategic Framework, Work Programme & Annual Reports
UNISDR's Strategic Framework 2016-2021 is guided by the following vision,
mandate and overarching objective:
Vision - The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses for a sustainable
future
Mandate - Focal point of the United Nations system for disaster risk reduction
and the custodian of the Sendai Framework, supporting countries and societies in
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its
implementation,
monitoring
and
review
of
progress
Overarching Objective - The prevention of new and reduction of existing disaster
Risk and strengthening resilience through successful multi-hazard disaster risk
managemen.
UNISDR delivers its mandate through three Strategic Objectives
SO1 - Strengthen global monitoring, analysis and coordination of Sendai
Framework implementation
SO2 - Support to regional and national Sendai Framework implementation
SO3 - Catalyse action through Member States and Partners
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