SUSPENSION
POLYMERISATION
Group member:
Khairul Hakimi Bin Ma’amor (2020883664)
Tengku Ahmad Faiz Bin Tengku Shamsul Arjunaidi (2020469766)
Ismaizzamuddin Bin Ismadi (2020478422)
Muhammad Nur Hazim Bin Nor Azhar (2020601366)
What is Suspension Polymerization??
Polymerization: A process of reacting monomer molecules together.
Suspension Polymerization:
●
A heterogeneous radical polymerization process
●
Used mechanical agitation to mix a monomer or mixture of monomers in a liquid phase.
●
Basically, used in the production of many commercial resin.
IUPAC definition:
1.
The initiator is located mainly in the monomer phase.
2.
Droplets in suspension polymerization have 10 micrometer diameter.
SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION
PROCESS
Process of suspension polymerization :
a) FORMULATION (MONOMER ,STABILIZER ,DISPERSING MEDIUM(EXAMPLE
WATER ),MONOMER INSOLUBLE INITIATOR,EXAMPLE PEROXIDE,AZO
COMPOUND).
b) PROCESS POLYMERIZATION :
DROPLET ARE DISPERSED IN WATER ACT AS SEPARATE
MICROREACTOR,INIATE BY ORGANIC INITIATOR TO START
POLYMERISATION .MONOMER CONVERT TO POLYMER ,DROPLET
TRANSFER TO STICKY VISCOUS (MONOMER/POLYMER) GRADUALLY
BECOME SPHERICAL SOLID POLYMER(PARTICLE HAVE SIZE 100 OF
MICROMETER).POLYMERIZATION SETTLE OUT WHEN AGITATION STOP.
PROCESS
SUSPENSION
FLOWCHART
Aquaus phase🡪
monomer mix diluent
and water and iniator
Suspension
polymerization. phase
🡪polymer convert to
polymer +monomer
until finish all monomer
③
③
Polymer
+water(powder
or bead polymer)
SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION PROFILE
(CON%,PRESSURE,TEMPERATURE).
①
③
②
As with any other reaction, temperature changes the
rate constants associated with the polymerization. ... As
the rate of termination increases, the degree of
polymerization decreases, and the polymers will be
shorter.
• LIQUID PHASE FOR SUSPENSION:LOW VISCOSITY ,HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND LOW
TEMPERATURE VARIATION OF VISCOSITY.
• TWO TYPE OF SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION 🡪
a) BEAD : FOR NON POROUS POLYMER PARTICLE WHICH POLYMER USE SOLUBLE IN MONOMER.
b) POWDER: POROUS PARTICLE WHICH POLYMER INSOLUBLE IN MONOMER.
c) HE POLYMER BEADS THAT RESULT CAN RANGE IN SIZE FROM 100 NM TO 5 MM. THE SIZE IS
CONTROLLED BY THE STIRRING SPEED, THE VOLUME FRACTION OF MONOMER, THE
CONCENTRATION AND IDENTITY OF THE STABILIZERS USED, AND THE VISCOSITIES OF THE
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS. THE FOLLOWING EQUATION DERIVED EMPIRICALLY SUMMARIZES
SOME OF THESE INTERACTIONS:
PARAMETER EFFECT PARTICLE SIZE
POLYMER FOR SUSPENSION PROCESS.
• D= IS THE AVERAGE PARTICLE SIZE
• K INCLUDES PARAMETERS RELATED TO THE REACTION VESSEL DESIGN,
• DV IS THE REACTION VESSEL DIAMETER
• DS IS THE DIAMETER OF THE STIRRER,
• R IS THE VOLUME RATIO OF THE MONOMER TO THE LIQUID MATRIX,
• N IS THE STIRRING SPEED
• ΝM AND ΝL ARE THE VISCOSITY OF THE MONOMER PHASE AND LIQUID MATRIX
RESPECTIVELY
• Ε IS THE INTERFACIAL TENSION OF THE TWO PHASES,
• CS IS THE CONCENTRATION OF STABILIZER.
ADVANTAGES
●
Easy to control temperature and viscosity .
●
Processing and purification of polymer much easier.
●
Great heat transfer medium.
●
The purify of obtained polymer is higher.
DISADVANTAGES
●
This method can be adopted with water insoluble monomers.
●
hard to control the polymer size.
●
Highly agitation sensitive
●
Large volume of reactor is taken up by water
Chemicals needed suspension polymerisation
For a typical suspension polymerisation, the following chemicals are required:
-
Monomer(s) that are insoluble in water such as (styrene, methyl methacrylate and others)
An Initiator, soluble in the monomer (such as dibenzoyl peroxide)
Stabiliser (such as PVA, gelatin, cellulose are used together with inorganic stabilisers as well such
as kaolin, magnesium silicate, aluminium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium
hydroxide if necessary)
Water as dispersion agent (continuous phase)
Protective colloids (such as polyvinyl alcohol and partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl
pyrrolidone, and methyl cellulose).
Suspension agents (such as barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, talcum, and hydroxyl apatite).
Examples of products
-
Polyvinyl chloride (commonly used in pipes, wiring cables and other household items)
Polyvinyl acetate (commonly used in adhesives like wood glue and many others)
Polystyrene
Styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer beads
END OF SLIDE