Shyrailym Kudaibergen, 419
SIW 1
LANGUAGE , SPEECH & COMMUNICATION GLOSSARY
Ambiguous
a disconfirming response with more that one meaning, leaving the other party
unsure of the responder's position
Articulation
The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word.
Ambushing
a style in which the receiver listens carefully to gather information to use in an
attack on the speaker
artifact
a simple object or ornament representing significant cultural meaning
Attending
the process of focusing on certain stimuli from the environment
channel
the medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
climate
the emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the message that the
partners send and receive
Communication
the process of human beings responding to verbal/nonverbal behavior. A human
survival skill needed to maintain contact with the world
concise
to be clear and brief
Connotation
the emotional association of a word or term
consensus
agreement between group members about a decision
crediability
the believability of a speaker or other source of information
Chronemics
the study of how humans use and structure time
Conversation narcissist
one who turns the attention of the conversation to themselves.
critical listening
listening in which the goal is to evaluate the quality or accuracy of the speakers
remarks
Debilitative apprehension
an intense level of anxiety about speaking before an audience, resulting in poor
performance
defensive listening
taking innocent comments as personal attacks
Denotation
the objective, emotion-free meaning of a term
emotional intelligence
refers to an assortment of non-cognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that
influence a persons ability to successfully cope with environmental demands and
pressures
empathy
The ability to perceive another's experience and communicate that perception back
to the person
empathetic listening
listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem
environment
physical location and personal history surrounding communication
equivocal terms
words that have more than one dictionary meaning
Euphemism
a pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term
evaluative listening
Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker's
remarks.
extemporaneous speech
a speech planned in advance but presented in a direct, conversational manner
Facilitative apprehension
a moderate level of anxiety about speaking before an audience that helps improve
the speaker's performance
faulty assumptions
incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before
or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand
Feedback
the discernible response of the receiver
Haptics
how touch effects the communication process
impromptu
a speech given without preparation
informational listening
listening to understand another person or idea
insensitive listening
the failure to recognize the thoughts or feelings that are not directly expressed by a
speaker, and instead accepting the speaker's words at face value
insulated listening
a style in which the receiver ignores undesirable information
interpersonal communication
communication in which the parties involved consider one another as unique
individuals
intrapersonal communication
communication with oneself
Jargon
special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and
are difficult for others to understand.
Kinesics
the study of body movement, gesture, and posture
manuscript speech
a speech that is read word for word from a prepared text
mass communication
the transmission of messages to large, usually widespread audiences via broadcast
means
memorized speech
a speech learned and delivered by rote without a written text
message
A speaker's words and actions.
message overload
excessive written or verbal information
Monochronic
A non verbal means of communication that emphasizes punctuality in beginning
and completing a task
noise
A force that interferes with the process of communication.
pitch
the highness or lowness of one's voice
Polychronic
A nonverbal means of communication that emphasizes flexibility in beginning and
completing tasks
Proxemics
the study of how people an animals use space
Pseudolistening
Giving the appearance of listening when in fact not listening at all
rate
the speed at which a person speaks
receiver
the person who decodes a message
Relative terms
words that gain their meaning through comparison
selective listening
a listening style in which the receiver responds only to messages that interest him
or her
self-concept
the relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds of himself or herself
self-disclosure
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant
and that would not normally be known by others.
self-esteem
the degree of regard a person holds for himself
Self-Fulfilling prophecy
a prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to
occur than would otherwise
Semantics
the study of meaning of words and phrases in language
Sender
encodes & delivers the message
slang
informal language
soft skills
personal attributes that enable someone to interact effectively and harmoniously
with other people.
Syntax
the arrangement of words in a sentence
Thematic
A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the
first paragraph.
Tone
the quality of one's voice
Volume
the loudness of one's voice