UNIT 2
NUTRITIONAL
SCIENCE
SECTION 2.1
Goals
• Brainstorm ideas related to
the topic “Nutritional Science”
• Be exposed to vocabulary and
expressions related to the
topic “Nutritional Science”
• Take notes on causes and
effects
STOP AND THINK
• How important is food in
your life? Do you “eat to
live” or “live to eat”?
• Do you agree that
something tastes, it’s
probably bad for you?
• Are you a healthy eater?
VOCABULARY
• Listening 1 (p. 33)
• You are what you
eat
balanced /ˈbæl.ənst/ (adj.)
• a state where things are of equal weight
• the importance of a balanced diet (=one that is healthy because it contains the right foods in
the right amounts)
• finely/delicately balanced (=very carefully balanced)
• balance (n.)
calories /'kælərɪz/(n.)
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units of energy
An athlete in training needs a lot of calories.
This drink can only help you to lose weight as a part of a calorie-controlled diet.
He found calorie-counting the best way of losing weight.
calorie (n.)
concentrate (v.)
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focus (on)
I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise.
I find running concentrates the mind (= helps me to think).
The company is concentrating (its resources) on developing new products.
Concentration (n.)
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ (v.)
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to eat or drink
He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal.
Before he died he had consumed a large quantity of alcohol.
consumption (n.)
diet /ˈdaɪ.ət/ (n.)
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[C or U] the food and drink usually taken by a person or group
Diet varies between different countries in the world.
a healthy/balanced/varied diet
Rice is the staple diet (= most important food) of many people in China.
dietary /ˈdaɪ.ə.tər.i/(adj.)
mix /mɪks/ (v.)
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combine, put two or more things together
Oil and water don't mix. Even if you shake them together they separate into two layers.
Radioactive material was mixed in/up (with) the effluent.
In a large bowl, mix together the flour, sugar and raisins in a bowl.
[+ two objects] Shall I mix (= make) you a cocktail?
mixture (n.)
mood /muːd/ (n.)
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the way you feel at a particular time
She's in a good/bad mood.
Her mood seemed to change during the course of the conversation.
The drink had put him in an amiable mood.
moody (adj.), moodily (adv.), moodiness (n.)
rely on /rɪˈlaɪ/ (phr. v.)
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to trust or depend on someone or something
Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children.
[+ to inf] These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
[+ -ing] The industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
reliable (adj.), reliability (n.)
spicy /ˈspaɪ.si/ (adj.)
• hot food that is spicy has a pleasantly strong taste, and gives you a pleasant burning
feeling in your mouth
• Thai food is hot and spicy.
• spice (n.)
wise /waɪz/ (adj.)
• showing the ability to make good judgments
• Looking at the weather, I think we made a wise decision not to go to the coast this weekend.
• I think it would be wiser to wait and see how much money you've got left before you make any
decisions.
• wisely /ˈwaɪz.li/, wisdom /ˈwɪz.dəm/
STOP AND CHECK
MATCHING
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balanced (adj.)
calories (n.)
concentrate (v.)
consume (v.)
diet (n.)
mix (v.)
mood (n.)
rely on (v.)
spicy (adj.)
wise (adj.)
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to eat or drink
showing the ability to make good judgments
to trust or depend on
a state where things are of equal weight
units of energy
the food and drink usually taken by a person
or group
the way you feel at a particular time
hot (food)
focus (on)
combine, put two or more things together
ANSWER KEY
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D
E
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A
F
J
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C
H
B
Listening skill – Listening for
causes and effects
•Speakers often talk about causes and effects to help
explain their opinions.
• Here are some examples.
She never buys fish as she doesn’t know how to cook it.
The pasta tasted terrible, so we didn’t eat it.
Note-taking Skill – Taking notes on causes
and effects
• When listening to identify causes and effects, you should focus on
• Words introducing a cause: as, because, because of, due to, since, etc.
• Words introducing an effect: as a result, consequently, so, therefore, etc.
• Graphic organizers such as T-charts and cause-and-effect charts
can be used to take notes while listening.
Practice: Read this section of a talk on nutrition and
choose the words that introduce causes and effects
and identify words that show causes and effects.
Practice: Words that show causes and
effects
Read that section again and fill in the T-chart.
Cause
1. busy lifestyle
2. it is expensive
3.
4.
Effect
bad for health
eat too much
Read that section again and fill in the T-chart.
Cause
1. busy lifestyle
2. it is expensive
3. contains high levels of sugar
and salt
4. special promotions
encourage us to buy more
food than we need
Effect
don’t have time to cook
can be bad for our wallets
bad for health
eat too much
VOCABULARY
• Listening 2 (p. 36)
• Food Tasters
complex /ˈkɒm.pleks/ (adj.)
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complicated, difficult to understand, not easy
It's a very complex issue to which there is no straightforward answer.
The film's plot was so complex that I couldn't follow it.
complexity /kəmˈplek.sɪ.ti/ (n.)
disgusting /dɪsˈgʌs.tɪŋ/ (adj.)
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extremely unpleasant or unacceptable
It's disgusting that there are no schools or hospitals for these people.
Passengers were kept for hours in a disgusting waiting room.
disgustingly /dɪsˈgʌs.tɪŋ.li/ (adv.)
distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.gwɪʃ/ (v.)
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to notice or understand the difference between two things,
He's colour-blind and can't distinguish (the difference) between red and green easily.
I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.
It's important to distinguish between business and pleasure.
distinguishing /dɪˈstɪŋ.gwɪ.ʃɪŋ/
estimate /ˈes.tɪ.mət/ (v.)
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to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of something
Government sources estimate a long-term 50% increase in rail fares.
[+ (that)] They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks.
[+ question word] It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed.
estimated /ˈes.tɪ.meɪ.tɪd/ (adj.), estimation /ˌes.tɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ (n.)
flavor /ˈfleɪ.vəʳ/ (n.)
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how food or drink tastes
Which flavor do you want - chocolate or vanilla?
The cheese is firm in texture and has a strong flavour.
flavorful, flavorless, flavorsome (adj.)
keep an eye on (phr.)
• check often, carefully watch everything
• Mary will keep an eye on the kids this afternoon.
• We keep a watchful eye on our elderly neighbors.
occasionally/əˈkeɪ.ʒən.əl.i/ (adv.)
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sometimes but not often
I see him occasionally in town.
Occasionally I'll have a piece of chocolate, but it's quite rare.
occasional /əˈkeɪ.ʒən.əl/ (adj.)
swallow /ˈswɒl.əʊ/ (v.)
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take, to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth into your stomach
My throat is so sore that it really hurts when I swallow.
He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole.
swallow /ˈswɒl.əʊ/ (n.) He gave a swallow, then began speaking.
texture /ˈteks.tʃəʳ/ (n.)
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the way that a particular type of food feels in your mouth
This soup has a lovely creamy texture.
This cheese has an open, crumbly texture with a strong flavor.
The two cheeses were very different in both taste and texture.
trend /trend/ (n.)
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a new development in clothing, make-up
Whatever the latest fashion trend, you can be sure Nicki will be wearing it.
The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less made-up look.
trendy /ˈtren.di/ (adj.)
STOP AND CHECK
MATCHING
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complex (adj.)
disgusting (adj.)
distinguish (v.)
estimate (v.)
flavor (n.)
keep an eye on (phr.)
occasionally (adv.)
swallow (v.)
texture (n.)
trend (n.)
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take, to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move
from your mouth into your stomach
a new development in clothing, make-up
to notice or understand the difference
between two things
complicated, difficult to understand, not easy
sometimes but not often
extremely unpleasant or unacceptable
to guess the cost, size, value, etc. of
something
how food or drink tastes
check often, carefully watch everything
the way that a particular type of food feels in
your mouth
ANSWER KEY
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B