1
3
RECAP:
1. Why do you think are reasons of having a
various Art movements? What are the factors
that led to these movements?
2. What were the main themes behind realism,
impressionism, and romanticism?
3. What are the main characteristics of realism
and romanticism that sets them apart from
each other?
Romanticism vs. Realism
Twilight’s Edward reflects a
Romantic view of life as a
vampire. He falls in love, he can
survive without killing people,
and….he sparkles!
The Swedish film Let the Right One
In depicts the Realistic harsh and
unglamorous life of Eli, a lonely
vampire living in poverty, who
struggles each day to feed and
survive.
ROMANTIC VIEW OF WAR
RECAP:
1. Why do you think are reasons of having a
various Art movements? What are the factors
that led to these movements?
2. What were the main themes behind realism,
impressionism, and romanticism?
3. What are the main characteristics of realism
and romanticism that sets them apart from
each other?
16
EXAMPLE OF
CUBISM
PAINTING
What do you
think were the
main themes
behind
cubism? Why?
17
CUBISM
18
CUBISM
Cubism was an art
movement in France
that lasted from 1908
to 1918 and beyond.
It was started by
Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque.
CUBISM
At the beginning of the
20th century, Braque
and Picasso were not
interested in showing
traditional realism—
illusionism—by using
realistic perspective as
had been done in the
past.
Meditation, 1885
William Bouguereau
CUBISM
Braque and Picasso were influenced by
Paul Cezanne,
who
simplified
natural forms
into spheres,
cylinders,
cubes, and
cones . . .
Rocky Landscape, 1887
Paul Cezanne
CUBISM
They were also influenced
by the recent importation
to Europe of African
masks.
Nuna Buffalo Mask
CUBISM
Cubists wanted to
show objects as
geometric shapes
(like Cezanne),
Little Harbor, 1909
Georges Braque
CUBISM
from different angles
at the same time (like
scientific ideas about
time and space at the
beginning of the 20th
century) . . .
Woman with a Guitar, 1913
Pablo Picasso
CUBISM
and scenes as flat (like
photography).
Woman Seated, 1908
Pablo Picasso
CUBISM
Can you see the
influence of African
masks in Picasso’s
Les Demoiselles
d’Avignon?
CUBISM
Cubism developed
and changed over
time: the first phase
was Analytic Cubism.
It is sometimes called
‘Facet Cubism’
because the subject
and surrounding
space is broken into
facets, or pieces of
separate surfaces (like
a cut diamond).
CUBISM
Ambroise Vollard,
painted in 1910 by
Pablo Picasso, is an
example of Analytic
Cubism.
Do you see the
facets?
CUBISM
This is Portrait of
Picasso by Juan Gris.
Portrait of Picasso, 1912
Juan Gris (Spain)
CUBISM
Still Life with Glass, Dice, Newspaper and
Playing Card, 1913
Georges Braque
While Analytic Cubism
took forms apart, the
next phase of
Cubism—Synthetic
Cubism—put forms
together using collage
and assemblage,
which created
questions about
what’s illusion and
what’s real.
CUBISM
Still Life with a Poem, 1915
Juan Gris
Picasso, Braque, and
others continued to
explore the ideas of
Cubism. Synthetic
Cubism included the
addition of stenciling
and lettering, and used
vibrant colors, instead
of the dark, limited
color palette of
Analytic Cubism.
CUBISM
Insert picture here
What ideas do you see
in this untitled work
from 1915 by Picasso?
CUBISM
Cubism influenced
many artists from all
over the world . . .
The Traveler, 1915
Liubov Popova (Russia)
CUBISM
Street: Near the Palace, 1915
Lyonel Feininger (USA)
CUBISM
Cubism influenced a
new movement in
Italy called Futurism.
Do you see Cubism’s
influence?
Unique Forms of Continuity, 1913
Umberto Boccioni
What do you need to know
about Cubism?
CUBISM
Who: Picasso, Braque, Gris
What: Cubism (Analytic Cubism & Synthetic Cubism)
When: 1908 – 1918 and beyond
Where: France; later in Europe, Russia, and USA
Why: To reject traditional perspective and explore
ideas of time and space—show portraits, still life,
and landscape from several angles at once;
explore boundaries of illusion and what’s real
How: By breaking up the picture plane into
facets, using geometric shapes, adding lettering,
constructing collage and assemblage
Test Yourself: CUBISM
Who: Picasso, Braque, Gris
What: Cubism (Analytic Cubism & Synthetic Cubism)
When: 1908 – 1918 and beyond
Where: France; later in Europe, Russia, and USA
Why: To reject traditional perspective and explore
ideas of time and space—show portraits, still life,
and landscape from several angles at once;
explore boundaries of illusion and what’s real
How: By breaking up the picture plane into
facets, using geometric shapes, adding lettering,
constructing collage and assemblage
FAUVISM
39
EXAMPLE
OF FAUVISM
PAINTING
What do you
think were the
main themes
behind
Fauvism?
Why?
40
FAUVISM
41
WHAT IS FAUVISM?
Bright, unblended colors, usually symbolic
 Simplified shapes and forms that exaggerate
color
 Loose brushstrokes
 Distorted figures
 Mostly portraiture, still life, and landscapes

Started in 1905 and lasted for three years
 First avant-garde style of the 20th century

pictures
pictures
Comparison Matisse
What was the Goal of Les Fauves?
•
•
•
•
overall goal was to express emotion through
the color of paint
No artistic creed or rules
Though it is difficult to say the aims of the
Fauve group, this person gave it their all
"To render the equivalent of sunlight by means of a technique
based on color orchestration, by emotional transpositions
(with the emotions inspired by nature as our point of
departure) whose truths and theories were built up in the
course of enthusiastic research work."
What kind of style did Les Fauves
Have?
•
Les Fauves styles encompassed a wide
range, that is much easier shown than
explained.
Up next...
The main Proponents of Fauvism!
Henri Matisse
"Lost in these chaotic surroundings,
discouraged from the moment of my arrival...
from monday to friday, and so meaningless
that their perfection made me dizzy."
- Henri Matisse
HENRI MATISSE





1869 – 1954
“What I dream of is an art of balance, of
purity, and serenity devoid of troubling or
depressing subject matter.”
“The artist only sees old truths in a new light,
because there are no new truths.”
“Construction by colored surfaces. Search for
intensity of color, subject matter being
unimportant. Reaction against the diffusion of
local tone in light. Light...expressed by a
harmony of intensely colored surfaces.”
“We move towards serenity through the
simplification of ideas and form… Details
lessen the purity of the lines, they harm the
emotional intensity, and we choose to reject
them. It is a question of learning – and
perhaps relearning the ‘handwriting’ of lines.
The aim of painting is not to reflect history,
because this can be found in books. We have a
higher conception. Through it, the artist
expresses his inner vision.”
Luxe, calme et volupté
1904
Henri Matisse
La Joie de Vivre
1905-1906
Henri Matisse
The Open Window
1905
Henri Matisse
Portrait of Madame
Matisse
1905
Henri Matisse
Woman With a Hat
1905
Henri Matisse
Andre Derain
•
•
•
Became friends
with Matisse in
1898
Met Vlaminck in
1900
Exhibited
Fauvist works at
the Salon
d'Automne in
1905
Andre Derain
•
•
•
Went to the South of France with Matisse in
summer 1905
Painted with vibrant, saturated color in
broad, sweeping brushstrokes.
Used color as a means of evoking emotion
Boats at Collioure 1905
Boats at Collioure's Harbor 1905
The Thames 1906
London Bridge 1906
Maurice de Vlaminck
• “I wanted to express my
feelings without
troubling what painting
was like before
me...When I've got the
color tubes in my hand,
I don’t give a damn
about other people’s
pictures. Life and me,
me and life-that’s all
that matters.”
MAURICE DE VLAMINCK
1876 – 1958
 “I wanted to burn down the Ecole
des Beaux-Arts with my cobalts
and vermillions and I wanted to
express my feelings with my
brushes without troubling what
painting was like before me”

Sailing Boat on the Seine
1906
Maurice de Vlaminck
The Circus
1906
Maurice de Vlaminck
The Orchard
1905
Maurice de Vlaminck
Barge on the Seine at Pecq
1906
Maurice de Vlaminck
GEORGES ROUAULT

1871 – 1958
The Old King
1937
Georges Rouault
Femme fière
1936
Georges Rouault
Près des fortifications désertiques, je
naquis
1929
Georges Rouault
Faubourg
1910
Georges Rouault
Apostles
1937
Georges Rouault
HOW FAUVISM HAS CHANGED ART
Color
freedom
Talent levels
Irregular shapes and
forms
Key Influences on Fauvism
•
Specifically other artists
Gustave Moreau
•
•
•
Teacher at the Ecole Des Beaux Arts.
Liberal teacher who allowed/ encouraged his
students to branch out and experiment
“You must think colour, have imagination with it. If
you have no imagination, you'll never paint beautiful
color. You must copy nature with imagination - that
is what makes an artist. Colour must be thought,
dreamt, imagined.”
-Gustave Moreau
Van Gogh
•
•
Influenced the Fauve movement with his
technique and unique style.
The artist he influenced the most was
Maurice De Vlaminck.
Gauguin
•
•
•
He was the first to use flat color as an
emotive form on his paintings.
First really became noticed on his painting,
Jacob Wrestling with the Angel. (next slide)
“how do you see these trees?’ ‘they are yellow’. well
then put down yellow. And that shadow is rather blue.
So render it with pure ultramarine...”
Braque
•
•
•
Earlier works were Impressionistic
Became interested in the Fauvist style of
painting when he saw an exhibition featuring
Fauvist works
He created more subdued Fauvist-style
paintings, drawn to use of color and loose
line to convey emotion
Landscape at L'Estaque 1906
Cezanne
•
•
He used different angles to mess with form
and space. He tried to put different
perspectives into one art piece.
Influenced Vlaminck
Down Fall/ Expressionism
•
•
•
•
By 1908 the Fauves begin to drift apart and
go their separate ways
Derain and Braque shifted towards Cubism
Matisse transitioned from a Fauvist focus on
color to that of balance and simplicity
Fauvism was a transitionary movement
between Impressionism and Expressionism
EXPRESSIONISM
99
EXAMPLE OF EXPRESSIONISM
ART
What do you think were
the main themes behind
Expressionism? Why?
100
EXPRESSIONISM
The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com
101
Six Dancers by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner-1911
The beginning of Expressionism
◦1905
◦Die Brucke
◦Der Blaue Rieter
◦Revolt against Impressionism
Keys of Expressionism
◦Bold, strong colors
◦Not about realism
◦Emotion
◦Connection between artist and work or
viewer and work
◦Distortion
◦2-D subjects
More to Know!
◦Influenced by society, changes in society.
◦Swirling, Swaying, and exaggerated brushstrokes.
◦Art came from within.
◦All affected by WW1
◦Trying to shock
◦“Art is nothing but the expression of our dream;
the more we surrender to it the closer we get to the
inner truth of things, our dream-life, the true life
that scorns questions and does not see them.”
-Franz Marc
Street Dresden by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner-1908
Fate of the Animals by Franz Marc-1913
Self- Portrait by
Marianne Von Werefkin
(1910)
Masks Still Life III
by
Emil Nolde (1911)
Vincent Van Gogh
◦Influenced Expressionism
◦Major influence on Der Blaue Reiter
◦Suffered a mental illness
◦‘Starry Night ‘
◦‘Sunflowers’
◦Dark Colors
◦Used color to express his feelings
◦Thick layers and strong brushstrokes
“Instead of trying to reproduce exactly what I see before my
eyes, I use colors more arbitrarily to express myself forcibly.”
- Van Gogh
Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh
Sunflowers By Vincent Van Gogh-1888
Edvard Munch
◦1880- shortly before death in 1944
◦1889-1909
◦Nomad and self isolation
◦The Frieze of Life- The Scream, Anxiety, Jealousy, Madonna,
and The Kiss
◦Traumatic childhood
◦Landscape “freed’ Munch
“Nature is not only all that is visible to the eye… it also
includes the inner pictures of the soul.”
-Edvard Munch
Madonna
by Edvard Munch
-1894
The
Scream
by Edvard
Munch-1893
Ballet
Dancers
by Max Pechstein-1912
Other Forms of Expressionism
◦Literature
◦Drama
-New approach to staging, scene design and
directing.
-Totally unified stage
◦Film
◦Music
-Atonal (distorts traditional tonality.)
-Unrecognizable melody
The End to Expressionism
◦Hitler (1933)
◦The Degenerate Art Exhibition (1937)
◦Continued to evolve in a variety of ways
◦Resurfaced in art across the world
The Dadaism &
Surrealism Movement
A Historical View Seen Through Art
Dadaism
Dadaism was the product of the
disillusionment, defeatism, and insane
butchery of World War 1.
A movement in art and literature based on
deliberate irrationality and negation of
traditional artistic values
DADAISM
Surrealism
is a cultural movement that developed
in Europe in the aftermath of World
War I in which artists depicted
unnerving, illogical scenes and
developed techniques to allow the
unconscious mind to express itself.
SURREALISM
Dada and Surrealist Artists
Salvador Dali
Rene Magritte
Joan Miro
Marc Chagall
Max Ernst
Marcel Duchamp
Man Ray
Dorthea Tanning
Salvador Dali
The Persistence of Memory - 1931
The Temptation of Saint Anthony - 1946
Of all the surrealist artists, the self-proclaimed genius
Salvador Dali became the most famous. Dali was not
only involved in painting but also involved in surrealist
films, and wrote books on his artistic theories.
Rene Magritte
Magritte was the co-
founder of the Belgian
Surrealist Movement.
He was one of the most
accessible surrealist
artists, he was also one of
the most popular.
The Human Condition 1927
Joan Miro
Miro
joined the
Surrealists
Movement
in 1924.
The Harlequin
Carnival
1924
Marc Chagall
In the Paris exhibits of
1911 and 1912, the
Russian Marc Chagall
anticipated the
development of surrealism
in his work.
I and The Village - 1911
Pablo Picasso
1881-1973
Picasso founded
Cubism with Georges
Braque then went on to
pioneer Dada and
Surrealism. He is best
known for his painting
Guernica, 1937. At once
the most monumental
and comprehensive
statement of social
realism against the
brutality of war.
In Conclusion
The surrealist movement continues with
artists of today. Recording the activities of
the subconscious in their art.
Ben Fisher
Absence of
Freedom
2002
REQUIRED OUTPUT: WEEK 12
1. What do you think are the reasons of having a
various art movements? What are the factors that
led to these movements?
2. What were the main themes behind cubism,
fauvism, expressionism, dadaism and surrealism?
3. What are the main characteristics of cubism and
fauvism that sets them apart from each other?
REQUIRED OUTPUT: WEEK 12
4. Using your own words, described and
expound the following various art
movements:
a. Cubism
b. Fauvism
c. Expressionism
d. Dadaism
e. Surrealism