SAMSON, ANGELO B.
OCTOBER 18, 2021
PSY – 5A
“The Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob)”
I. Development of the test
Items construction of The Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob Test was led by Professor
Gregorio E. H. Del Pilar of the University of the Philippines, Diliman. A total of 650 items were
initially made with the help of his undergraduate students enrolled in psychological measurement
classes. This pool of items was further reviewed to discard sets of items with high similarity.
Meanwhile, items that best represent each of the sets were retained and subjected to empirical
testing for six times. The development of the test lasted for four years wherein final version
becomes available year 2013.
II. Content
This 188-item personality inventory was constructed to comprehensively measure Filipino
personality traits (Del Pilar, 2017). Guided by the Five-Factor Model, this test comprises of twenty
facets scales with four for each of the five domains. Generally, the items content revolves around
how emotional, sociable, hardworking, modest and open Filipinos are. Below are the Filipino
personality traits that this inventory aims to measure;
Under Neuroticism

Hina ng Loob (Vulnerability to Stress), Pagkamaramdamin (Oversensitiveness),
Pagkamapag-alala (Apprehensiveness) and Pagkasumpungin (Moodiness)
Under Extraversion

Pagkamasiyahin (Cheerfulness), Pagkapalakaibigan (Friendliness), Pagkamasigla (Energy)
and Pagkamadaldal (Loquaciousness)
Under Openness to Experience

Kakaibang pag-iisip (Original Thinking), Hilig sa Bagong Kaalaman (Intellectual
Curiosity), Pagkamakasining (Aesthetic Sensitivity) and Pagkamaharaya (Imaginativeness)
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Under Agreeableness

Pagkadimayabang (Modesty), Pagkamapagtiwala (Capacity for Trust), Pagkamaunawain
(Capacity for Misunderstanding), Pagkamapagmaraya (Obligingness)
Under Conscientious

Pagkamasikap (Achievement Orientation), Pagkamapagplano (Planfulness),
Pagkaresponsable (Responsibleness) and Pagkamaingat (Carefulness)
Interstitial Scales

Dalas Makaramdam ng Galit (Proneness to Experience Anger), Pagkamatapat (Sincerity)
and Social Desirability Scale
III. Administration
The author of the inventory test introduced both pen-and-paper format and online format as
modes of administration. Moreover, it can be administered within school premises or classroom
setting with a group of students. The test can be administered to college students, with ages ranging
from 16 to 23.
IV. Scoring of the Test
The inventory test is a five-point Likert scale that measures one’s agreeableness on each
item. Test takers indicates their level of agreement or disagreement on a scale of 1-5 (1: Strongly
Disagree; 5 Strongly Agree). For each of the five domains, ratings on facet 1 up to 4 is added (e.g.,
Rating score on Neuroticism = rating on Hina ng Loob + rating on Pagkamaramdamin + rating on
Pagkamapag-alala + rating on Pagkasumpungin).
V. Validity
The Masaklaw na Panunukat ng Loob test has high content validity as showed in the factor
validity and correlation tests. It was revealed that the median absolute value discriminant validity
correlation per scale ranged from .07 to .27, will all of the five domains scales showed to be
significantly correlated with the 20-item facets (Del Pilar, 2017). This indicated that the test is
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indeed a representative of all the aspects of the construct being measured which in this case are the
Filipino personality traits.
VI. Reliability
Throughout the six different administrations of the test, the Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob
Inventory had satisfactory reliability that does not fall below .60. The author made use of
Cronbach’s alpha reliability test on the last administration and data collected. The reliabilities for
the final version of the instrument ranged from .65 to .81, indicating an acceptable level of
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reliability. The test revealed that 59% of the facet and interstitial scales or 13 out of 22 have a
satisfactory reliability of at least .70, the minimum for individual use of personality scales (Del
Pilar, 2017).
© Del Pilar, G. (2017). The Development of Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob)
VII. Strength and Weaknesses
The main strengths of this Filipino Psychological Test are its satisfactory reliability and
validity overall. Not only that the items were previewed by many experts, it also undergoes a
preliminary study and six-successive item testing studies wherein among all showed an acceptable
level of reliability scores. Considering these, it just shows that this test is indeed high in accuracy
and validity. In addition to this, it also covers various Filipino personality traits that are indeed
present in Filipino culture. This becomes possible due to the efforts of the author and his colleague
on reviewing numerous reviews of related literature. Going through the weakness, the only issue
regarding this test is that there are 9 out of 22 facet and interstitial scales that have a reliability
ranging from .65-69, not surpassing the standard good and acceptable level of .70.
VIII. Ethical Issues
Upon administration of the test and collection of data on various colleges and universities in
the Philippines, it appeared that the author has not made any mistakes nor unethical moves. In
detailed, participants from the University of the Philippines Diliman were given course credit for
their participation. Meanwhile, those from other institutions were given noticed that their
participation was purely voluntary and they have the rights to discontinued anytime (Del Pilar,
2017). Moreover, the inventory test constructed do not contain any l item that is believed to make
participants be uncomfortable or be harm.
IX. Implication of Developing a Filipino-made psychological test
The implication of developing a Filipino-made psychological test like Masaklaw na
Panunukat ng Loob is that it would credible and advantage over foreign made tests given that
constructed items or domains are very specific to our society. It really reflects the distinct
personality traits we Filipinos have. As stated by Bernardo (2011), Filipino psychologists and
researchers primarily relied on foreign-made psychological tests in English. This in return questions
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the validity of such tests when being utilized with different Filipino respondents. With this,
Filipino-made psychological test would help our researchers as they can be used as instrument for
measuring personality traits and other concerns under realm of Psychology.
References
Bernardo, Allan. (2011). Lost In Translation? Challenges in Using Psychological Tests in the
Philippines. Silliman Journal. 52. 19-42. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/259220496_Lost_In_Translation_Challenges_in_Using_Psychological_Test
s_in_the_Philippines
Del Pilar, G. (2017). The Development of Masaklaw na Panukat ng Loob (Mapa ng Loob).
Philippine Journal of Psychology. 50 (1), 103-141. Psychological Association of the
Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.pap.ph/assets/files/journals/the-development-ofthe-masaklaw-na-panukat-ng-loob-mapa-ng-loob.
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