Republic Of The Philippines
Region –IV MIMAROPA
Division Of Oriental Mindoro
BACO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Baco, Oriental Mindoro
EZM-oke Alarm
An Experimental Study on the Determination of the Effectiveness, Efficiency and
Affordability of Smoke Alarm
A SCIENCE INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
PHYSICAL SCIENCE CATEGORY – TEAM
Presented by:
ELOISA MARIE M.DAYES
ZHAN ANDREY A. MANIGBAS
MARC MURIEL A. RUADO
Researchers
MRS. MARICRIS P. JUSI
Adviser
1
Table of Contents
Content
Page
Checklist for Adult Sponsor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
Student Checklist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
Research Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
A. Questions or Problem Being Addressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
B. Goals/Expected Outcomes/Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
C. Description in Details or Methods or Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vi
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiv
Approval Form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xv
Abstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi
Research Paper
A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
B. Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
C. Results and Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
E. Recommendation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
F. Acknowledgment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
G. References/ Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
2
Appendices
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Appendix B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Appendix D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Project Data Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3
Research Paper
Introduction
Fire can ruin an entire forest and convert woods into a bunch of charcoals. It can also
destroy houses and all of the possessions of the citizens in less than an hour. In our daily life,
fire that causes disasters are increasing every year that have become a huge problem to citizens
which cause early death to innocent people and loss of their properties. A smoke alarm is a
device that senses smoke and activate an alarm, typically as an indicator of fire. Having smoke
alarms placed in various locations around the house helps people for fast and effective
detection. The smoke alarm will warn the people, day or night, that there is a potential fire,
allowing the people to quickly check the surroundings if there is any problem and prevent any
damage. Smoke alarms are extremely important to keep your home and family safe. The first
automatic electric fire alarm was patented in 1890 Francis Robbins Upton, an associate of
Thomas Edison. In the late 1930s Swiss physicist Walter Jaeger tried to invent a sensor for
poison gas.
Fires can cause large damage, and loss of lives. Fires bringing massive amounts of
unhealthy smoke can harm the health of those people inside a building. Smoke alarm can help
prevent fires before they start to spread. Smoke alarm is one of the safety devices needed at
home or in a building. This fire protection devices will automatically detect and warn people
if there is any presence of smoke-causing fire. The siren will warn people in any time there is
a potential fire allowing a person to quickly check the nature of problem and hopefully prevent
any damage.
According to Chief Inspector Jude de los Reyes spokesperson of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP), the number of fires might have dropped in the first two months of 2019,
compared to the same period last year. But the number of fire – related deaths had gone up
significantly. Ionization smoke alarm is generally the most cost- effective option. Small
4
particles of smoke produced by fast-flaming fires will be easily detected by this sort of detector,
but they are slightly less sensitive to slow burning, smouldering fires that give off a lot of smoke
relative to the amount of flaming. According to a detailed study by US National Institute Of
Standards And Technology: “Ionization type alarms provided somewhat better response to
flaming fires than photoelectric alarms provide(often) considerably faster response to
smouldering fires than ionization type alarms.”
The researchers aimed to develop and construct a smoke alarm which can detect the
presence of smoke by utilizing MQ-2 gas sensor, Arduino UNO, breadboard, red led, green
led, buzzer, 22O ohm resistor and jumper wires. This product wants to ensure the safety of the
people inside the house or building in case of a sudden fire. Furthermore, this product will help
minimize casualties caused by fire and can be purchased at low price.
Specifically, this study aims to determine the following: (1) The effectiveness of the
EZM-oke Alarm. (2) The efficiency of the product in terms of how fast the EZM-oke Alarm
can detect smoke. (3) The affordability of the product.
This study was only limited on the experimentation on the use of the MQ-2 gas sensor,
Arduino Uno, breadboard, red LED, green LED, Buzzer, 220 ohm resistor and jumper wires in
producing a smoke alarm. The researchers chose this study to help people save their lives and
money. This study focused on the determination of the effectiveness, efficiency and
affordability of the product.
METHODOLOGY
Materials and Description
Arduino is made up of both hardware and software. The Arduino board is a
printed circuit board (PCB) designed to use a microcontroller chip as well as other input
5
and outputs. The board has many other electronic components that are needed for the
microcontroller to function or to extend its capabilities.
A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with electronics
and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be
interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making
connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal
underneath the board and connect the holes on the top of the board. The metal strips are
laid out as shown below. Note that the top and bottom rows of holes are connected
horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining holes are connected vertically.
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing
them to be used to connect two points to each other without soldering. Jumper wires
are typically used with breadboards and other prototyping tools in order to make it easy
to change a circuit as needed.
An average 5mm Red LED has a 2V forward voltage drop, and a forward
current of 20mA. Don’t forget to use a current-limiting resistor when you connect an
LED to your Arduino
The green LED is marked with ON, and it indicates that the Arduino has power.
The Grove - Gas Sensor (MQ2) module is useful for gas leakage detection
(home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol, Smoke or
Propane. Due to its high sensitivity and fast response time, measurement can be taken
as soon as possible. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by potentiometer.
A 220Ω resistor has red, red, and brown stripes in that order. The last stripe
represents the tolerance. Gold means ±5%
6
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device,[1] which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke.
Data Gathering Procedure
A. Making of the Product
Preparing the Materials
1. Prepare the materials needed which includes: Arduino UNO, MQ-2 Gas sensor,
220 ohm resistor, breadboard, red and green LEDS, and buzzer and jumper wires.
Assembling the Smoke Alarm
2. Assemble all the materials following the schematic diagram below to produce a
smoke alarm.
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of Smoke Alarm circuit.
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Coding the Arduino UNO
3. Coding the Arduino UNO
Open the Arduino application
Figure 2: Code for the Arduino UNO
B. Product Application and Data Gathering
1. The initial testing of the device was conducted inside a closed empty room to avoid
any risks. The EZM – oke Alarm was placed two (2) meters above the floor and plugged
into an unlimited power supply. The researchers produced smoke to determine if the
device will alarm once it detected the presence of smoke.
2. The efficiency of the EZM – oke alarm was tested by getting the reaction time it
takes the device to alarm.
3. Five (5) persons were asked to test if the EZM – oke Alarm is effective, efficient,
and affordable using the questionnaires.
8
Data Analysis
To test if the product is effective, the researchers determined if the smoke alarm
can really detect the presence of smoke inside the room. The researchers measured how
far the alarm can be heard. For the efficiency, the researchers tested how fast does the
smoke alarm detects smoke and alarm to notify the people inside the room.
Meanwhile, the researchers distributed questionnaires to determine whether the
experimental smoke alarm is effective, efficient and affordable.
The percentage proportion which refers to the fraction of the total quantity that
possesses a certain attribute. The researchers tests if the EZM-oke Alarm is considered
to be effective, efficient and affordable to the target users through statistical tools.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After doing the project, the researchers measured the distance the EZM-oke
Alarm can be heard and recorded the reaction time that it was able to detect presence
of smoke.
Table 1 : Distance that the EZM-oke Alarm can be heard.
TRIALS
DISTANCE
(meters)
1
6
2
12
3
17
AVERAGE
12
This table shows that EZM-oke Alarm can be clearly heard at an average distance of
12 meters from three trials.
9
Table 2: Time it takes the EZM-oke Alarm to detect the presence of smoke with 2 meters
away from the device.
TRIALS
TIME
(seconds)
1
10
2
14
3
11
AVERAGE
12
Table 2 shows that EZM-oke Alarm can detect presence of smoke within an average
time of 12 seconds and 2 meters away from the device.
To test the quality of the product in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and affordability.
The researcher distributed survey questionnaires to five (5) respondents to rate it up 1
– 5.
The scale used was:
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Neither Agree nor disagree
4 - Agree
5 - Strongly Agree
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Table 3: Percentage proportion of the respondent’s rating in terms of the effectiveness,
efficiency and affordability of the EZM-oke Alarm.
Criteria
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Affordability
100%
60%
80%
Agree
0%
20%
20%
Neither Agree Nor
0%
20%
0%
Disagree
0%
0%
0%
Strongly disagree
0%
0%
0%
Strongly Agree
Disagree
The data was gathered from five (5) respondents.
From the data gathered, it shows that 100% of the respondents strongly agree that
EZM-oke Alarm is an effective one. In terms of efficiency, 60%of the respondents strongly
agree, 20% just agree, while 20% of the respondents are neither agree nor disagree into this
product. On the other hand, 80% of the respondents strongly agree and 20% of them just
agree into this product in terms of affordability.
Survey Results
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
StronglyAgree
Agree
Effectiveness
Neither Agree Nor
Disagree
Efficiency
11
Disagree
Affordability
Strongly Disagree
CONCLUSION
After testing the product the researchers concluded the following:
1. The utilization of MQ – 2 gas sensor, Arduino UNO, breadboard, red led, green led,
and 220 ohm resistor and jumper wires an effective, efficient and affordable smoke
alarm.
2. The EZM-oke alarm easily detect presence of smoke
3. The device has an ability to alarm people.
4. The EZM-oke alarm minimizes the death of people caused by fire.
5. The product can be purchased at low price.
RECOMMENDATION
The researchers recommend the following:
To future researchers:
1. Improve the sound level by using a larger decibel of alarm to provide notification
even to sleeping people.
2. Improve the project in which it will notify the house owner by sending an alert
message.
To the users:
1. Install the device in every room to achieve early detection and provide adequate
detection.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to extend their sincerest gratitude and appreciation to the
following individuals:
First of all, the researchers would like to thank our Almighty God for the guidance and
strength to conduct this Science Investigatory Project. For the knowledge and wisdom to
successfully conducted the product and the details of this study.
To their dear teacher, Mrs. Maricris Pastrana-Jusi (research adviser), who gave us
permission to conduct this study and who enhance the awareness of the researchers to the
problems in the country. For giving time to finish this study. And also for the time and patience
she gave.
To their parents, who helped them to conduct their study and guidance for their own
safety for helping them to find the materials that were needed.
Bibliography
Barragán, H. What is a Breadboard Retrieved from:
http://wiring.org.co/learning/tutorials/breadboard/?fbclid=IwAR1noCePYktU3
kfrfh0Olwn9IbZ-714e95CC4Kwxc2UdLLgQYFBodND7hLo
Blum, J. (2019) Exploring Arduino Retrieved from :
https://www.exploringarduino.com/parts/220ohm-resistor/
Hem m i ngs , M . (201 8) What is a Jumper Wire? Retrieved from:
http://blog.sparkfuneducation.com/what-is-jumper-wire
Mifflin, H. Harcourt Publishing Company (2016) The Free Dictionary By Farlex
13
Retrieved from: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/buzzer
Mortensen, P. (2015) What purpose does the yellow and green LEDs have on the
Arduino? Retrieved from: https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/3269/what-purpose-does-the-yellow-and-green-leds-have-onthe-arduino
Nussey, J. What is Arduino? Retrieved from:
https://www.dummies.com/computers/arduino/what-is-
arduino/
Ramos, C.S. (2019) Fewer fires in Jan-Feb 2019, but more deaths recorded
Retrieved from :
https://www.google.com/ampls/newsinfo.inquirer.net/1091608/fewer-firesin-jan-feb-2019-but-more-deaths-recorded-bfp/amp
Santos, R. (2013) Guide For MQ-2/Smoke Sensor with Arduino
Retrieved from: https://randomnerdtutorials.com/guide-for-mq-2-gas-sensorwith-arduino/
Terndrup, M. (2014) A Cheap DIY Smoke Detector that can save lives
Retrieved from: https://hackaday.com/2014/07/29/a-cheap-diy-smokedetector-that-can-save-lives
Wtshymanski. (2019) Smoke Detector
Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/smoke_Detector
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Flowchart of Procedure
3. Open the Arduino
application and proceed
to the coding of the
Arduino UNO.
1.Preparation of the
materials.
2. Connect the jumper
wires, buzzer, MQ - 2
gas sensor , 220 ohm
resistor, green led, red
led on the breadboard
and Arduino, based on
the schematic diagram.
15
APPENDIX B
Materials and Equipment
Jumper Wires
Gas Sensor
220 ohm Resistor
Premium USB AB Cable for Arduino 3D Printer cable
Buzzer
16
Arduino UNO
Red and Green LED
APPENDIX C
Product Making
17
APPENDIX D
QUESTIONNAIRE
Respondent: ______________________________________
DIRECTION: Every item in this part of the evaluation form is presented with five choices.
Please check the number which represents the effectiveness, efficiency and
affordability of the EZM-oke Alarm.
The scale used was:
1 - Strongly disagree
2 - Disagree
3 - Neither Agree nor disagree
4 - Agree
5 - Strongly Agree
Questions
Ratings
5
4
3
2
1
A. Effectiveness
1. Can the device detect presence of smoke?
B. Efficiency
2. Does the device detects smoke and alarm a person
immediately?
C. Affordability
3. Can the product be purchased at low price?
Respondent’s Signature
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Project Data Book
Accomplishments
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
Week
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Brainstorming And the title
was made
Title was approved
Introduction (Chapter I) was
made
Introduction was submitted
Introduction was revised
Research plan was made
Problems being addressed,
statement of the objectives
and hypothesis were made
Methodology was made
Experiment has been
conducted
EZM-oke Alarm were tested
in terms of its effectiveness,
efficiency and affordability
Presentation and Discussion
were made
Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation were made
Abstract was made
Papers was finalized
19