World Civ. 1 Mr. McGoldrick Questionnaire to Accompany the Viewing of The History Channel’s The French Revolution 1) The chateau of Versailles was completed in 1682 by the Sun King, Louis the 14th ___________, a symbol of the opulence and grandeur of French royalty. 12 miles from Paris. 2) Louis built his palace at Versailles just _____ 3) The future king, Louis the Sixteenth, was a bashful, pudgy, shy, painfully ill bred boy; basically, he was inadequate youth, who was referred to as a “fat, ____-____ just a schlub.” 4) As the video tells you, this Louis Capet, the pride of the Bourbons, will be married in a political union with Marie Antoinette, of the Hapsburgs, rulers of Austria __________, long time enemies, now allies, of the French. 14 5) Marie-Antoinette comes to France a wide-eyed and pretty __________ year old girl. 6) On the night of the wedding, there is an ominous ______, storm while inside, a grand celebration is occurring, ending (for that day) with the revelation of the young newlyweds in the marriage bed for the first time. 7) Outside the grand wedding gala, there is hardly cause for celebration. Years of mismanagement by the monarchy have left the French people deprived and hungry ______. 15 loses the Seven 8) A decade earlier, Louis’ grandfather, King Louis the _____, Years War, to Great Britain. 9) The loss of the war leaves France’s treasury at the point of bankruptcy, and to make matters worse, the French population is growing at an exceptional rate. It 26 million in the 18th Century, after having grown only grew from 20 million to ____ one million in the preceding two centuries. 10) When the new ruler, King Louis the Sixteenth, prays, he humbly beseeches, to young “Protect us, Lord, for we reign ____ _____.” 11) On a collision course with the monarchy is a new danger that breeds just a few miles away in Paris and many other major cities of the time. It is a dangerous new age of ______, ideas the age referred to as the Enlightenment. 12) Since the middle ages, European society had been broken into three distinct classes, dictated by birth. There had been a great divide between the wealth of the poverty of the peasants. nobility and the clergy, and the _______ 13) Then, at the blossoming of the 18th Century, reason and science begin to challenge Paris now radiates as the philosophical center this age-old social structure, and _____ of the world. “A shining beacon of possibility.” 14) The Americans are fighting their war of independence across the sea, and King Louis the Sixteenth becomes convinced that he can avenge his grandfather’s defeat in the Seven Years War by funding the American insurrection against 2 thousand million Libre, enough to England. Louis commits to the cause _____ ______ _______ feed and house seven million French citizens for a year, in essence bankrupting France. 15) Marie Antoinette becomes obsessed with fashion, and gigantic and unusual hairdos, to occupy her time and interest at the court. She incurs the nickname of madam ________, deļ¬cit and is further scorned as she and Louis were yet to ________ conceive a child after seven years of marriage. ------------------------------------------- Fast Forward Here -----------------------------------16) Making the situation worse, King Louis dabbles in financial reform and France endures the most bitterly cold winter in many years. Flour is a staple of the French diet. Most ordinary people in France ate at least two pounds of bread per day. By the summer of 1788, you have a food shortage. The cost of a loaf of bread soon equals a _______ months earnings. Hunger turns to rage, and riots break out all over France. Finance ________, minister the popular and 17) In 1789, the banks force Louis to hire a ________ enlightened thinker, Jacques Necker. 18) Necker is popular with the people because he has publicly stated in the past that it grain for is “Government’s duty to ensure that there is enough _______ bread and _____ everybody.” States genaral 19) It is Necker that requests that Louis reconvene the _________________, a parliament-like assembly, the first time that the representatives had been brought together in a hundred and seventy-five years. 20) When, on June 20th, the Third Estate find themselves locked out of the meeting hall, they take their group over to a nearby tennis court (actually a handball court) and take an oath to see to it that there would be a constitution and political change The national assembly in France. This action is referred to as the ________ ________ _______, a great symbolic moment in which they defy the king and the other two estates. 21) The mobs that feel surrounded in Paris raid and pillage to get the weapons they feel they need to defend themselves, but they have no gunpowder. On July 14th, a fairly symbolic “victory,” the people of Paris attack the infamous _________, Bastitte to steal its stock of gunpowder, to free some prisoners there, and to conquer a building that was a symbol of oppression in the city. Declaration rights 22) The National Assembly pens a charter called The ____________ of the ________ man of ______, in which old class distinctions would be abolished and all men would be considered equal. In issuing this document, the assembly was, in essence, seizing power for itself, not even mentioning the king anywhere in the text. 23) A former physician, _______ John _______ Paul Marat, is the publisher of a new newspaper in the Paris region, allowed to exist under new provisions for the freedom of the press. 24) The angry mobs, incited by rumors of a party held by the king in which the nobility is said to have trampled on the Tri-Color flag of the revolutionaries, march to Versailles to bring their protests to the kings. The majority of these protesters this time are women, decrying the price of bread and the sorry state of their families, and they demand that the king and queen join the people in _______. Austria but they are 25) On June 21st, 1791, the royal family attempts to escape to _______, caught and arrested, then forced to return to Paris. 26) Dr. Guillotine’s invention, intended to sever the head so suddenly and swiftly that it is a humane death, becomes a symbol of the revolution. It is nicknamed, “The National _________.” Raiser 27) The Assembly declares _____ war on Austria in April, 1792. A nationalist fervor grows. As Austrian and Prussian armies attack the borders of France, a message is sent to the people of Paris from the Prussian commander, demanding that no harm should come to the royals. The brother of Marie Antoinette, who is both king of Prussia and emperor of Austria, issues the Declaration of Pilnitz, in which he threatens the revolutionaries in France. The whole thing backfires when the people of Paris are infuriated and turn against their rulers. They attack the Tuileries Palace and culat 28) Not wearing the breeches (or the ________) of the nobility becomes another symbol of the people’s plight. treason thus facing the 29) The king is brought to trial, and he is convicted of _______, traditional punishment of one who goes against his own country, death. drum 30) Louis attempts to give a speech, but the guards drown him out with the ______ rolls. 31) Charlette Courday, one of the enemies of the revolution, fears the extremism of persons like Jean Paul Marat, who now called for 200,000 heads. Knowing Marat has an “open-door” policy to the people, she goes to see him as he is soaking in his bath with, what she claims, is a list of names of those against the revolution. While Marat reads, Charlette pulls out a _______ stelato or small dagger and stabs him in the chest. Marat dies instantly. The artist David will depict Marat’s death as a martyrdom, even going so far as to intentionally parallel elements in the famed Pieta depicting Christ in death after the crucifixion. His killer goes to her death without remorse, believing that she has done something good for country, in an effort to obtain peace. Ironically, she has merely opened the door to another radical to take greater power. 32) Marie Antoinette is imprisoned, her children are taken from her, and she is brought to a mock trial, where she is condemned to suffer the same fate as her husband before her. As a further indignity, Marie Antoinette is paraded through the streets of Paris in ancommons _____ criminals’ cart. 33) In an amazing reversal, Robespierre and D’artan lead the revolutionary government in reaction to the threats from the outside, calling that “_____ be the order of the day,” in an attempt to purge French society of those who do not support the most extreme aims of the Revolution. Ironically, the new constitution is suspended, police spies are sent out to gain intelligence on those suspected of divided loyalties, and even to find those who might complain about the price of bread, etc… Even freedom of the press fell back to censorship. 34) The revolutionary government designated a new ____ 12 man council called the Committee for Public Safety, led by Robespierre. 35) Now an even more radical direction is proposed is “dechristianization.” Streets are renamed, churches are desecrated, and even the Roman/Christian calendar is thrown out and all dates are numbered from September, 1792, the overthrow of the monarchy. Months are broken down into ten days three weeks. By having a sunday thus ten day week, there was no longer a designation of a day such as ________, people wouldn’t even know what day the Sabbath was anymore, or that is what the government hoped. 36) Finally, the French armies at the borders that have been fighting against the European powers who continue to attack France. A leader from the lower nobility rises to prominence now, winning victories that will later help him gain the power Napoleon Bonaparte. he craves. His name is _________ 37) D’Anton disagrees with Robespierre about the direction the revolutionaries should take next, and he and his followers are rounded up as traitors and beheaded. Before he goes to the guillotine, D`Anton states that his “only regret is robespierre that _______________” is not going before him. 38) Rather suddenly, Robespierre will also fall from grace with the revolutionaries, and he and some of his supporters are taken to be ‘imprisoned’ for the night at the city hall. The next morning, guards find that one of the men had jumped out the window, another had shot himself successfully, and that Robespierre, apparently face rendering having attempted suicide himself, had shot himself in the _____, himself unable to speak, but not being able to finish the job. * *In that state, Robespierre is laid out on the table in the Committee of Public Safety, and he is forced to listen to the disdain of those around him who were once his allies but now deride and chastise him. He is unable to respond. He is taken to prison and prepared for execution, and then finally brought to meet the guillotine as so many of those before him had done. A just end to a man who had sent so many others to their death. Finally, the master of the Terror was done, and the Terror died with him.
