ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice. Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 D2 Summative Feedback: Grade: Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date: A. Introduction As a product developer for a new startup, the author needs to design IoT products for consumer, enterprise, government, and defense customers. The author must plan and develop a new IoT product, service, or application for a potential client. I. Task 1 – Review and evaluate about IoT aspects (P1-P2) I.1. Definition about IoT The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-tohuman or human-to-computer interaction. I.2. How does IoT work? An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one another. The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data. The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-enabled devices largely depend on the specific IoT applications deployed. IoT can also make use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to aid in making data collecting processes easier and more dynamic. I.3. Applications of IoT 1. Integrating smarter homes The most visible application of the Internet of Things is a smart home. A smart home uses sensors to control and maintain lighting, resource management, and security systems. A smart home is a smaller, independent version of a smart city. An example of an IoT-based smart home system is Mark Zuckerberg’s Jarvis. Zuckerberg’s smart home system uses natural language processing for the contextual processing of voice commands. He has internet switches to operate the appliances plugged into them. The system takes care of lighting rooms based on occupancy and even playing personalized music based on who is in the room. His security system uses facial recognition to alert the family of the identity of their visitors. 2. Innovating agriculture Sensors are used to provide details of soil chemistry and fertilizer profiles. CO2 levels, moisture, temperature, level of acidity, and the presence of appropriate nutrients all contribute to how good a harvest turns out to be. Smart irrigation is an IoT application to regulate and efficiently use water for farming. The IoT system only initiates the water flow when the soil reaches a certain dryness level. It also stops the supply once a certain level of moisture is reached. This reduces wastage caused by human errors. Livestock tracking involves the use of RFID chips to keep track of an animal’s vitals, vaccination details, and location. A smart greenhouse uses microclimate to raise crops instead of relying on changing weather patterns. Sensors monitor and control all parameters and have automated systems for light and water. Predication farming is the practice of using information collected over time to hone and implement agricultural practices. The data provided by these sensors allow farmers to decide on the ideal growth parameters and suitable fertilizers. 3. Transforming healthcare Attaching sensors to a patient at home allows doctors to monitor them remotely. Continuous abnormality of parameters immediately alerts the doctor, creating preemptive action. Doctors can use this to monitor at-risk patients such as the elderly and those suffering from chronic diseases. Besides monitoring, the Internet of Things can also streamline patient medical records and access, making real-time data available across departments. Medical research, till today, has always been based on data created in a controlled environment or data generated after the fact. Such real-time data amassed in large quantities can substantially improve research. IoT is being used to optimize the manufacturing process at the pharmaceutical end. The direct result of this is lower drug prices. It is also used for intelligent inventory management. The Internet of Things was significantly used in many capacities while dealing with the COVID pandemic. Telemedicine and vaccine cold chain monitoring were two of IoT’s implementations. Zipline is a medical product delivery company that used drones to deliver medication and instruments to rural healthcare centers, such as those located in Rwanda and Ghana. Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) such as Medtronic and Dexcom monitor diabetic patients with the aid of sensors inserted into the skin. These systems provide a bird’s eye view of glycemic patterns in pregnant women with diabetes. These systems’ real-time and continuous data allow doctors to alter medications and recommend changes if necessary. 4. Installing smart grids They create alerts in case of failure at any point during power transmission. Sensors are used to identify abnormalities in the line. They monitor energy consumption and peak usage statistics. They gather consumption data at a geographic, organizational, and individual level. They identify lossy nodes during transmission. They can pinpoint the exact location of inefficiency. 5. Reshaping hospitality One way to offset costs is to turn to the Internet of Things for automation. Interactions can be kept to a minimum, in line with social distancing norms that seem to come and go. Mobile electronic keys, for example, eliminate the need to personally check into a hotel. Using electronic keys keeps hotel management informed of a guest’s location within the hotel. Extra requests can also be directly charged on the fly. Room service and housekeeping requests can be made through a mobile phone. Smart lighting and appliances make for a good customer experience. I.4. IoT characteristics IoT has many properties, but the most frequent are listed here. Intelligence: IoT is intelligent because it combines algorithms and processing, software and hardware. Ambient intelligence improves the capabilities of IoT devices, allowing them to respond intelligently to a situation and assist them in completing specified tasks. Despite the popularity of intelligent technologies, intelligence in the Internet of Things is solely concerned with device interaction. In contrast, user and device contact is accomplished using standard input methods and graphical user interfaces. Identity: Every IoT device has a distinct identification. Its identification element is instrumental if it needs to retrieve data from a specific device. Connectivity: By connecting everyday devices, connectivity enables the Internet of Things. Because simple object-level interactions contribute to collective intelligence in an IoT network, connectivity of these things is critical. It allows for network connectivity and device interoperability. The networking of intelligent devices and apps can provide new commercial prospects for the Internet of Things with this connectivity. Dynamic Nature: The primary function of the Internet of Things is to gather data from its surroundings. The data is accomplished through the dynamic changes around the devices. The condition of these devices changes dynamically, such as sleeping and waking up, being connected or disconnected, and the context of devices, such as temperature, location, and speed. Architecture: IoT architecture should be hybrid, allowing for multiple manufacturers to participate. As a result, nature cannot be homogeneous. There is no engineering branch called IoT. When several domains join together, IoT emerges. Enormous Scale: The number of devices that must be managed and communicate with one another will be far more than the number of devices currently linked to the Internet. The management and analysis of data provided by these devices for application purposes have become increasingly important. Sensing: Sensors that detect or measure changes in the environment to generate data that can report on their condition or even interact with the environment are essential to the Internet of Things. Sensing technologies enable the development of capabilities that reflect a proper understanding of the physical environment and its inhabitants. Although sensing data is analog input from the physical world, it can provide a deep insight into our complicated reality. Heterogeneity: One of the significant aspects of the Internet of Things is heterogeneity. Devices in the Internet of Things are based on many hardware platforms and networks, and they can communicate with other devices or service platforms over various networks. Direct network connectivity between heterogeneous networks should be supported by IoT architecture. Scalabilities, modularity, extensibility, and interoperability are the core design criteria for heterogeneous things. Security: IoT devices are inherently vulnerable to cyber-attacks. It is a mistake to overlook security problems while gaining efficiencies, innovative experiences, and other benefits from the Internet of Things. IoT has a high level of transparency and privacy concerns. Securing endpoints, networks, and the data transported between them all necessitates the development of a security paradigm. I.5. Some examples for real world application of IoT I.5.1. Air pollution monitoring system using IoT - Components Required: Hardware: 1) NodeMCU - An ESP8266 powered microcontroller, perfect for building IoT applications. 2) MQ2 Gas Sensor - A simple gas sensor to detect the different types of gases present in the air. Software: 3) Arduino IDE installed in you PC / Laptop 4) Jupyter Notebook, Python & different libraries - Hardware Setup: 1) The NodeMCU is set inside the breadboard. 2) Gas Sensor Connection: a) Vcc is connected to Vin port of the NodeMCU. b) GND is connected to the GND pin of NodeMCU c) A0 pin is connected to the A0 pin of the NodeMCU 3) Servo Motor Connection a) +ve pin of Servo Motor is connected to Vin of NodeMCU b) -ve pin is connected to the GND of NodeMCU c) The actuator pin or the output pin is connected to the D0 pin of NodeMCU. 4) LEDs Connection The +ve pins of the LEDs are connected to the Vin port of the NodeMCU and the -ve pins to the GND of the NodeMCU - API: I.5.2. IoT Garage Door Monitor/Operator - Components Required: 1)NodeMCU ESP8266 2)RFID MFRC-522 Module 3)12V Solenoid Door Lock 4)Green LED 1 5)Few jumpers wires 6)3.7V 18650 Battery 7)3.7V 18650 Battery holder 8)LM2596 Buck Converter 9)Buzzer - RFID Smart Door Lock Circuit Diagram: Connect the RFID Module to NodeMCU as per the circuit diagram: D2 <———-> SDA/SS D5 <———-> SCK D7 <———-> MOSI D6 <———-> MISO GND <———-> GND D1 <———-> RST 3V/3V3 <———-> 3.3V - Creating Blynk New template and Datastream: - API: II.1. Task 2 – Plan an appropriate IoT application (P3-P4)
