chapter 1 Advent of a National Hero
THE BIRTH OF A HERO Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo
Realonda • His birthdate -June 19, 1861, Wednesday, between 11
and midnight. • His mother almost died during delivery because
of his big head. • He was baptized in the Catholic Church on
June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino Collantes. Father Pedro Casanasgodfather
• The name Jose was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of
St. Joseph
RIZAL’S PARENTS
FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL (father) He was born in Biñan, Laguna on
May 11, 1818 He studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San
Jose in Manila He moved to Calamba after his parents death and
become a tenant farmer of the Dominicans owned hacienda Rizal
called him “a model of father” He died in Manila on January 5,
1898 at the age of 80.
TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA (mother) She was born in Manila on
November 8, 1826 She studied at the college of Sta. Rosa, a well
known college for girls in the city. According to Rizal “my
mother is a woman of more than ordinary culture; she knows
literature and speaks Spanish better than i. she corrected my
poems and gave me good advice when I was studying rhetoric. She
is a mathematician and has read many books.” She died in Manila
on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
THE RIZAL CHILDREN
SATURNINA- Neneng PACIANO- confidant of rizal NARCISA- Sisa
OLIMPIA- Ypia LUCIA MARIA- Biang JOSE- Pepe CONCEPCION- Concha,
died at the age of 3 JOSEFA- Panggoy TRINIDAD- Trinidad SOLEDADCholeng
THE SURNAME RIZAL • Real surname of the family was Mercado,
which was adopted by in 1731 by Domingo Lameo. • Rizal was given
by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor(provincial governor) of Laguna.
Mercado-market Rizal- a field where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again or evergreen fields.
A GOOD AND MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY • The family belonged to the
principalia or town aristocracy. • They harvested rice, corn and
sugarcane from the farm rented from the Dominican priest. • They
also raised pigs, chicken and turkeys in the backyard. • Doña
Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour
mill and a home made ham press • They owned a large stone house
and a carriage • They are the first to owned a private library
with more than 1,000 volumes of books • They sent their children
to college in Manila.
HOME LIFE OF THE RIZAL • TRAINED THEIR CHILDREN TO LOVE God,
behave well, be obedient, respect people. • Believed in “spare
the rod and spoil the child” • Heard mass in town during Sundays
and Christian holidays.
• Prayed daily- angelus at nightfall and the rosary before going
to bed.
chapter 2 Childhood Years in Calamba
Earliest Childhood Memories • 3 years old, in his little nipa
cottage while watching the birds • Daily angelus prayer • Happy
moonlight nights at the azotea after the rosary; his aya related
stories about fairies, buried treasures and trees blooming with
diamonds • Noctural walk in the town when there was moon.
FIRST SORROW “When I was four years old, I lost my little sister
Concha, and then for the first time I shed tears caused by love
and grief…”
Devoted
part in
Spanish
part in
the men
was the
Son of Church • At three years old, he began to take
the family prayers. • At five, he was able to read the
family bible • He loved to go to church to pray, to take
novenas and to join the religious processions. • One of
he esteemed and respected in Calamba during his boyhood
scholarly Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo • On June 6, 1898, Jose and his father
left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo. • First trip
across Laguna de Bay and first pilgrimage to Antipolo.
The Story of the Moth • “Moths talked; they knew how to warn.
They advised just like my mother”
• “It had died martyr to its own illusions” “TO SACRIFICE ONE’S
LIFE FOR AN IDEAL IS WORTHWHILE”
Artistic Talents • At the age of five, he began to make sketches
with his pencil and to mould clay and wax objects which
attracted his fancy “ALL RIGHT LAUGH AT ME NOW! SOMEDAY WHEN I
DIE, PEOPLE WILL MAKE MONUMENTS AND IMAGES OF ME!”
Influences on Hero’s Boyhood 1.
Hereditary Influences •
• • • •
Malayan ancestor-Rizal evidently, inherited his love for
freedom, his innate desire to travel, and his indomitable
courage. Chinese ancestor-he derived his serious nature,
frugality, patience, and love for children. Spanish ancestor-he
got his elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and
gallantry to ladies. Father-sense of self-respect, love for
work, habit of independent thinking. Mother-religious nature,
spirit of self sacrifice, passion for arts and literatures.
2. Environmental Influences
• • • • • •
•
• • •
Scenic beauty of Calamba Religious atmosphere at home, Pacianolove for freedom and justice Sister-courtesy and kindness to
women Aya-interest in folklore and legends Tio Jose Albertoinspired him to develop his artistic abilities Tio Manuelencourage him to develop his body by physical exercises, horse
riding, walking and wrestling Tio Gregorio-intensified his
voracious reading of good books Father Leoncio lopez-love for
scholarship and intellectual honesty Execution of Gom-Bur-Zaawakened his spirit of partriotism to redeem his oppressed
people.
3. Aid of the Divine Providence “Greater than heredity and
environment in the fate of man is the aid of the divine
providence. A person may have everything in life- brains,
wealth, and power- but without the aid of the great Providence,
he cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation. ”
chapter 3 Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
THE HERO’S FIRST TEACHER Doña Teodora • Taught Rizal the
alphabet and prayers
• Patient, conscientious and understanding • Discovered Rizal's
talent for poetry
• Tells story to stimulate her son’s imagination
PRIVATE TUTORS in Calamba • Maestro Celestino
• Maestro Lucas Padua • Leon Monroy- former classmate of Rizal’s
father and instructed him in Spanish and Latin
JOSE GOES TO BIÑAN • Accompanied by Paciano one Sunday afternoon
in June 1869 • Proceed to their Aunt’s house where Jose will
lodge • Jose went sightseeing with his cousin Leandro
FIRST DAY IN BIÑAN SCHOOL MAESTRO JUSTINIANO AQUINO CRUZ’S
SCHOOL
Rizal’s maestro • The school was the house of the teacher, 30
meters from the home of Jose’s aunt • Engaged in school fight on
the first day
PAINTING LESSONS IN BIÑAN • Juancho, father in-law of the school
teacher • Spent many leisure hours at the studio • Jose and his
classmate Jose Guevara became apprentices of the old painter
BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL • Jose beat all his classmates in
academic studies.(Spanish, Latin and studies) • Some were
jealous of his intellectual superiority • Thus discerning Jose
to the teacher’s eyes.
END OF BIÑAN SCHOOLING • Before Christmas season in 1870, he
received a letter from Saturnina informing him of the arrival of
the steamer Talim that would take him to Calamba. • He left
Biñan in december 17, 1870 after a year and a half of schooling.
MARTYRDOM OF GOM-BUR-ZA • Executed at sunrise, February17, 1872
17 years later, in a letter to Mariano Ponce, he said: “At the
sight of those injustices and cruelties while still a child my
imagination has been awakened and I swore to devote my self to
avenge one day so many victims and with this idea in mind I have
been studying, and this can be read in all my works and
writings. God will someday give me an opportunity to carry out
my promise”
INJUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER • Before June 1872 Doña Teodora was
arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother Jose
Alberto tried to poison the later’s wife. • Doña Teodora was
forced to walked from Calamba to Sta. Cruz(50km)
• Was incarcerated for 2 ½ years
chapter 4 Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)
• SAN JUAN DE LETRAN - Dominican owned college and a rival of
Ateneo de Manila. • ATENEO MUNICIPAL - formerly known as Escuela
Pia, a charity school for poor boys in Manila which was
established by 1817 and later became Ateneo de Manila. Rizal
took and passed the examination in COLLEGE OF SAN JUAN DE LETRAN
but he enrolled in ATENEO when he came back to Manila.
RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO • FATHER MAGIN FERRANDO (college registrar)
- refused to admit Jose Rizal because ; He was late for
registration He was sickly and undersized for his age • MANUEL
XEREZ BURGOS – nephew of Father Burgos, helped Rizal to be
admitted to Ateneo in the condition he will used the second
surname • RIZAL - surname used by Jose Rizal because Mercado
became under suspicion by the Spanish authorities. • MERCADO –
surname used by Paciano • TITAY – owner of the boarding house
where Rizal boarded to settle the bill owed by Titay by about
Php300.00
JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Reasons why Jesuit System was
advanced than other college It trained the character of students
by rigid discipline and religious instruction. It promotes
physical culture, humanities and scientific studies. Aside from
academic courses leading to AB, it offers vocational course in
agriculture, commerce, mechanics and surveying. They were given
splendid professors. They acquired prestige as an excellent
college for boys.
TWO GROUPS OF STUDENT • Roman Empire (internos/boarders) -RED
FLAG • Carthaginian Empire (externos/non-boarders) BLUE FLAG
5 RANKS EMPEROR TRIBUNE DECURION CENTURION STANDARD BEARER •
RAYADILLO – official uniform of Ateneo students
• FATHER JOSE BECH – first teacher of Rizal in Ateneo Rizal was
placed as a flag bearer but after a week he showed his progress
and after a month he became the emperor. • SANTA ISABEL COLLEGE
– where Rizal took his Spanish lessons during recess and paid
for Php 3.00 Rizal returned to Calamba for his vacation.
Saturnina brought him to Tanawan to visit their mother to cheer
him up. After the vacation he returned to Ateneo for his second
year. He stayed at DOÑA PEPAY house, an old landlady with
widowed daughter and four sons.
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-1874) He again became an emperor; he
also received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
In March 1874, he returned to Calamba for his vacation. PROPHECY
OF MOTHER’S RELEASE • Doña Teodora was released in the jail
after 3 months like what Jose Rizal said. • St. Joseph – Rizal
was comparable because of his interpretation about his mother’s
release.
TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING TWO FAVORITE NOVELS OF RIZAL • THE
COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO by Alexander Dumas • TRAVEL IN THE
PHILIPPINES by Feodor Jagor • UNIVERSAL HISTORY by Cesar Cantus
– he wishes to buy THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875) He only got
1 medal in his Latin subject, then on March 1875 he returned to
Calamba.
FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-1876) JUNE 16,1875 – Rizal became an
interno in Ateneo FATHER FRANCISCO SANCHEZ - Rizal’s favorite
teacher
Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects and on March, 1876
he returned to Calamba. Rizal became the pride of the Jesuits
and he obtained highest grades in all subjects. He received the
degree of Bachelor of Arts with the highest honors during
commencement exercise.
EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN ATENEO He was an emperor and a
campus leader outside. Secretary of the Marian Congregation
Member of Academy of Spanish Literature Member of Academy of
Natural Sciences FATHER JOSE VILLACLARA – advised Rizal to stop
communing with the muses but to pay more attention to practical
studies.
Rizal studied painting at AGUSTIN SAEZ and sculpture under
ROMUALDO DE JESUS, a Filipino sculptor.
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO •
THE VIRGIN MARY - he carved an image with Batikuling (Phil.
Hardwood) with his pocket knife
• FATHER LLEONART – requested Rizal to carved an image of SACRED
HEART OF JESUS
POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO Doña Teodora was the first one to
discover Rizal’s poetical talent while Fr. Sanchez helped Rizal
to develop his talent. Poems written by Rizal:
Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration) - dedicated to
Rizal’s mother Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light
The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education To the
Child To the Virgin Mary
DRAMATIC WORK IN ATENEO • Father Sanchez requested Rizal to
wrote a drama based with ST. EUSTACE THE MARTYR and on June 2,
1876, Rizal had finished the drama.
FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL • SEGUNDA KATIGBAK – a 14 yr. old
Batangueña from Lipa whom Rizal first fell in love with but
Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. • MARIANO KATIGBAK –
brother of Segunda.She studied in LA CONCORDIA COLLEGE where
Segunda and Olimpia (Rizal’s sister) also studied
chapter 5 Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas
(1877-1882)
2 courses enrolled at UST Philosophy and Letters(1877-1878)
Medicine • Don Francisco and Paciano wanted Jose to pursue
higher learning in the university. • Doña Teodora opposed the
idea and told her husband “Don’t send him to Manila again; he
knows enough. If he gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut
off his head.”
RIZAL ENTERS THE UNIVERSITY • April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old,
entered University of Santo Tomas 2 reasons why he enrolled
Philosophy and Letters His father liked it He was not sure what
career to pursue Father Pablo Ramon-Rector of the Ateneo- Rizal
asked for advice on the choice of career He took up a medical
course 1878-1879 because; He followed Ateneo Rector’s advice
Wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness
FINISHES SURVEYING COURSE IN ATENEO 1878 • He took a vocational
course in Ateneo during his first term in UST. • The course lead
to the title of PERITO AGRIMENSOR (expert surveyor). • He passed
the final examination at the age of 17. • He was granted the
title on November 25, 1881. • His loyalty to Ateneo continued.
President of the Academy of Spanish Literature Secretary of the
Academy of Natural Sciences Secretary of the Marian Congregation
ROMANCES WITH OTHER GIRLS • “MISS L” A girl with seductive eyes
The romance died a natural death because: The sweet memory of
Segunda was still fresh in his heart His father did not like the
family of “Miss L”
• LEONOR VALENZUELA Daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday
Valenzuela, their neighbors who were from Pagsanjan, Laguna Her
pet name was “Orang” Rizal sent notes to her made with in
visible ink (salt solution)
• LEONOR RIVERA Jose boarded in Casa Tomasina (No.6 Calle Santo
Tomas, Intramuros) Daughter of his land lord-uncle from
Camiling, Antonio Rivera She was a student at La Concordia
College, also the school of Soledad, Jose’s youngest sister Born
in Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, 1867 She used the name “Taimis”
in her letters to Rizal
VICTIM OF SPANISH OFFICER’S BRUTALITY • Setting: Dark night,
summer vacation 1878. Calamba • He passed by a lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil but failed to recognized the latter. • Insulted,
the lieutenants lashed Jose’s back with his sword.
• Jose reported to General Primo de Rivera, Spanish governor
general, but no resolution was done because of racial
discrimination.
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879) •
• • •
•
Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary
Lyceum) Rizal, 18 years old, submitted his poem entitled A La
Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)The first prize, a
feather shaped, gold ribbon decorated silver pen was given to
Rizal In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from
lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind and
descend with art science to break the chains that have long
bound the spirit of the people. The poem is a classic. Two
reasons: It was the first great poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary
authorities It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos, and not the foreigners were the
“fair hope of the Fatherland.”
THE COUNCIL OF THE GODS (1880) Another literary contest by the
ArtisticLiterary Lyceum to commemorate the fourth centennial of
the death of Cervantes, Spanish and author of Don Quixote.
Manuel De Cervantes– Spain’s glorified man of letter • Rizal
submitted anallegorical drama, El Consejo de los Dioses (The
Council of the Gods). • The allegory was based on Greek
classics. • Rizal was aided by Father Rector of the Ateneo in
securing the needed reference materials. • The contest was
participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, news paper
men and scholars. • Rizal won the first price; he received a
gold ring engraved with bust of Cervantes. • D.N. Del Puzo– a
Spanish writer won the 2nd price.
OTHER LITERARY WORKS •
1879: Abde-al-Azis y Mahoma A poem, declaimed by an Atenean,
manuel Fernandezon December 8, 1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s
Patroness.
•
1880: Justo al Pasig(Beside the Pasig) Azarzuela, staged by the
Atenean son December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the Immaculate
Conception, Patroness of the Ateneo. Rizal wrote it as President
of the Academy of Spanish Literature.
•
1880: A Filipinas A sonnet, for the album of the Society of
Sculptors Rizal urged all Filipino artist to glorify the
Philippines.
•
1881: Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon A poem, an expression of affection
to Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo rector.
RIZAL’S VISIT TO PAKIL AND PAGSANJAN May 1881- Jose, along with
his sisters Saturnina, Maria, and Trinidad and female friends
went on a pilgrimate to Pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria
de los Dolores. • • •
• •
They boarded a casco (aflat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba
to Pakil, Laguna They stayed at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel
Regalado, parents of Nicolas, Rizal’s friend in Manila The
company witnessed the famous turumba, the people dancing in
honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores Rizal was
infatuated by Vicenta Ybardolaza She was skillful in playing the
harp at the Regalado home Rizal and his party then went to
Pagsanjan for two reasons It was the native town of Leonor
Valenzuela To see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS • There were frequent student
brawls between the Filipino sand the Spaniards • 1880: Rizal
founded Compañerismo (Comradeship),a secret society of Filipino
UST students. The members were called “Companions of Jehu”. • He
was the chief of the society.
• His cousin, Galicano Apacible was the secretary. • In one of
the skirmishes, Rizal was wounded on the head. His friends
brought him to Casa Tomas in a where Leonor Rivera took care of
him.
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST Rizal was unhappy in the Dominican
institution because: The Dominican professors were hostile to
him The Filipino students were racially discriminated by the
Spaniards The method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
He failed to win high scholastic honors due to the attitude of
his professors.
DECISION TO STUDY ABROAD Rizal decided to study in Spain after
finishing the fourth year of his medical course. The people who
approved this are the following: His older brother Paciano His
sisters Saturnina (Neneng) and Lucia Uncle Antonio Rivera The
Valenzuela family Some friends
The people who did not know of his decision are the following:
Rizal’s parents Leonor Rivera Spanish authorities
chapter 6
In Sunny Spain(1882-1885)
The Secret Mission To observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and costume, industries and commerce, and government
and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in
the mighty task of liberating his oppressed people from Spanish
tyranny. May 20, 1882- Paciano disclosed the Rizalian secret
mission in his letter to his younger brother.
Secret Departure For Spain • •
• • • • • •
Person who knows Rizal’s secret departure for Spain: Paciano
Antonio Rivera (his uncle; father of Leonor Rivera) Neneng and
Lucia (his Sister) Valenzuela Family (Captain Juan and Capitana
Sunday and their daughter Orang) Pedro A. Paterno Mateo
Evangelista (his Compadre) The Ateneo Jesuit Priests Some
intimate friends, including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)
• Jose Mercado- the name of his cousin from Biñan he used as his
name.
• May 3, 1882- Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer
SALVADORA bound for Singapore.
Singapore During the voyage to Singapore he carefully observed
the people and things on board the steamer. • 16 passengers- 5
or 6 ladies, many children, and the rest were gentlemen. •
Donato Lecha- ship captain of steamer the SALVADORA • May 8,
1882- Rizal saw a beautiful island, fascinated by its scenic
beauty. He remember “Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga”.
CHESS- the game played with his fellow passengers who were much
older than him.This will relieve his tedious boredom of the sea
voyage.
MESEILLEISE- the song that he liked while he was on the ship
Singapore Hotel dela Paz•Rizal landed in Singapore and
registered at the hotel. He spent two days on a sight seeing
soiree of the city which was a colony of England. •He saw the
famous Botanical Garden, the beautiful Buddhist temple, the busy
shopping district, and the statute of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles(founder of Singapore).
From Singapore to Colombo • DJEMNAH- a French steamer which
Rizal when he left Singapore for Europe • May 11, 1882- the
Djemnah reached POINT GALLE a seacoast town in southern Ceylon
(now Sri Lanka) • COLOMBO- the capital of Ceylon.
First Trip Through Suez Canal • CAFÉ OF GUARDAFUI, AFRICA- Rizal
called the place “inhospitable land but famous”. • ADEN- Rizal
next stop over. He was amused to see the canals, for it was the
first time he saw camels.
• RED SEA TERMINAL OF THE SUEZ CANAL- the city of suez where the
Djemnah proceeded after leaving Aden.
• SUEZ CANAL- was built by FERDINAND DE LESSEPS (French diplomat
engineer). It was inaugurated on November 17, 1869.
Naples and Marseilles • June 11 – Rizal reached Naples, an
Italian city Rizal was fascinated by MOUNT VESUVIUS and CASTLE
OF ST. TELMO. • June 12- The boat anchored at Marseilles. He
visited the famous Chateau d’If, where Dantes, hero of the The
Count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned. Rizal stayed here for 2½
days.
Barcelona •MAY 16, 1882– he
of CATALUÑA and Spain’s 2nd
street in Barcelona. •PLAZA
welcome party for Rizal was
Ateneo.
reached BARCELONA; the greatest city
largest city. •LAS RAMBLAS–famous
DE CATALUÑA–the place where a
made by Rizal’s schoolmates at
•
AMOR PATRIO (Love of Country) -he wrote it in Barcelona; this is
a nationalistic essay which was first written in Spanish soil
under the pseudonym of Dimas– Alang Published in two text
Spanish–Rizal Filipino–M.H. del Pilar DIARYONG TAGALOG– first
Manila bilingual newspaper FRANCISCO CALVO– editor of Diaryong
Tagalog; member of editorial staff TWO PEN NAMES USED BY RIZAL
DIMAS–ALANG– used in joining the Masonry LAONG LAAN– used in his
essay THREE ARTICLES FOR DIARYONG TAGALOG Amor Patrio (Love of
Country) Los Viajes (Travels) Revista de Madrid (Review of
Madrid)– it was returned to him because of financial reasons
Then Rizal moves to Madrid.
SAD NEWS FROM HOME Spread of Cholera that was ravaging Manila
and other provinces Leonor Rivera was getting thinner because of
an absence of a loved one. LIFE IN MADRID • He enrolled at
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID (Central University of Madrid) • 2
courses enrolled (MEDICINE, PHILOSOPHY & LETTERS) • Took lessons
at the Academy of San Carlos (Painting & Sculpture) • He also
took private lessons in (GERMAN, FRENCH & ENGLISH)
Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez • Rizal was not handsome
man. He was neither dashing nor imposing, for he was a shy small
man-a few inches above five feet in height. But he possessed an
aura of charisma due to his many- splendored talents and noble
character which made him attractive to romantic young woman.
Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty and vivacity. • Don
Pablo- father of Consuelo
• August 22, 1883 - Rizal composed a lovely poem dedicated to
Consuelo. • A La Senorita C.O. y P.(To Miss C. O. y P.) • He
expressed his admiration for her. He found solace and joy in her
company.
Before his
affair, he
engaged to
propaganda
Consuelo.
romance with Consuelo could blossom into to a serious
suddenly backed out for two reasons: 1. He was still
Leonor Rivera 2. His friend and co-worker in
movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with
THEY ASKED ME FOR VERSES In 1882, shortly after his arrival in
Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (HispanoPhilippine Circle), a society of Spaniards and Filipino. Upon
the request of the members of this society, he wrote a poem
entitled “Me Piden Versos” (they ask me for verses) which he
personally declaimed during the New Years Eve.
Rizal as Lover of Book Rizal’s Collection of Books: • The Bible
• Hebrew Grammar • Lives of the Presidents of the United States
from Washington to Johnson • Complete works of Voltaire (9
volumes) • Complete works of C. Bernard (16 volumes)
• History of the the French Revolution • The wandering Jew •
Ancient Poetry • Works of Thucydides • The Byzantine Empire •
The Characters by La Bruyere • The Renaissance • Uncle Tom’s
Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Works of Alexander Dumas •
Louis XIV • His Court
Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883) • June 17 to August 20, 1883
Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his summer and to observe
the big French City.
Rizal as a Mason • Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and
Republican Masons. In 1883, he joined the MASONIC LODGE ACACIA
in Madrid adopting the Masonic name DIMAS–ALANG. REASONS WHY HE
JOINED MASONRY • The bad friars in the Philippines, by their
abuses unworthy of their priestly habit, drove Rizal to
desperation and to masonry. He needed to help the masons to
fight the bad friars in the Philippines. • Upon November 15,
1892 he became the master mason of LODGE SOLIDARIDAD and on
February 15, 1892 he became the master mason of LE GRAND DE
ORIENT FRANCE in Paris.
Financial Worries • Don Francisco (the Hero’s father)- he was a
good raiser of turkeys • June 25, 1884- Rizal was broke, he was
unable to take breakfast that day. His allowance from the
Philippines did not arrived
Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo • June 25, 1884- Rizal was a
guest speaker in a banquet held in honor and celebrate the
double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition
of Fine Arts in Madrid. Juan Luna- Spoliarium winning first
prize. Felix Resurreccion HidalgoChristian Virgins Exposed to
the Populace winning second prize.
Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations • June 20-22, 1884- the
serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students
of the Central University. Dr. Miguel Morayta – Professor of
History – He proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher”
Doctor Creus – A very unpopular man, disliked by everybody.
Studies Completed in Spain • June 21, 1884 - he passed all
subject leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. – He was
not awarded his Doctor's Diploma because of not presenting his
thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees.
• June 19, 1884 - he also finished his studies in Philosophy and
Letters, with a higher grades. – He was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central
de Madrid.
chapter 7 Paris to Berlin (1885-1887)
In Gay Paris (1885-1886) • Maximo Viola - a medical student and
a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. He was visited
by Rizal in Barcelona ,on his way to Paris • La Publicidad- the
newspaper Rizal’s articles on the Carolines Questions was
published. • Señor Eusebio Corominas - editor of the newspaper
La Publicidad • Don Miguel Morayta - owner of La Publicidad •
Dr. Louis de Weckert - leading French Ophthalmologist, Rizal
worked as an assistant, for about four months.
Rizal as Musician • Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race) – A pariotic song
which asserts that any race aspires for freedom. • La
Deportacion (Deportation) – A sad danza he composed in Dapitan
during his exile.
In Historic Heidelberg •
Chess Player’s Club – Rizal became a member of chess player in
Heidelberg.
•
Dr. Otto Becker – German Ophthalmologist – Rizal worked at the
university Eye Hospital under him. Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne – Rizal
attended to his lecture at the University of Heidelberg. Rizal
visited the scenic spot around Heidelberg – Famous Heidelberg
Castle – The romantic Neckar River – The Theater – The old
Churches
•
•
To the Flower of Heidelberg • Forget-me-not – The light blue –
Rizal favorite flower • A Las Flores de Heidelberg (To the
Flower of Heidelberg) – Rizal mood of homesickness wrote a fine
poem.
With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld Rizal spent a three-months of
summer vacation in Wilhelmsfeld • Dr. Karl Ullmer – Protestant
pastor – Rizal became his good befriend and admirer – Two
children » Friedrich (Fritz) » Etta They debate on religion but
never quarrel
First letter to Blumentritt • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt –
Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria. – Rizal had heard
of this Austrian ethnologist who is interested in the Philippine
language. • Rizal sent two books to Blumentritt – Aritmetica
(Arithmetic) – Spanish and Tagalog Language- the author was
Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Santa Cruz, Laguna.
In Leipzig and Dresden Leipzig- he stayed for 2 ½ months in this
German city.
– History and Psychology- Rizal attended some lectures at
University of Leipzig. – He met: • Prof. Friedrich Ratzel famous German Historian • Dr. Hans Meyer - German anthropologist
Rizal translated German into Tagalog Schiller’s William Tell
Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales Dresden- he stayed for 2
days and met • Dr. Adolph b. Meyer - Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum In Berlin Rizal Met the
following:
Rizal Welcome in Berlin’s Scientific Circle •
• •
• •
•
Dr. Feodor Jagor – a German scientist-traveler » Travels in
Philippines author by Dr. Jagor Dr. Rudolf Virchow – Famous
German Anthropologist Dr. Hans Virchow – Professor of
Descriptive Anatomy Dr. W. Joest – Noted German Geographer Dr.
Karl Ernest Schweigger – Famous German Ophthalmologist – Rizal
worked in the clinic as assistant Rizal become a member »
Anthropological Society » Ethnological Society » Geographical
Society • Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art)- Rizal
wrote a scholarly paper in German
Rizal’s life in Berlin • Rizal lived in this famous capital
unified Germany in five reasons: 1. To gain further knowledge of
ophthalmology 2. To further his studies of science and language
3. To observe the economic had political conditions of the
German nation 4. To associate with famous German scientists and
scholars 5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere
chapter 8 Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin
• 1886 (winter) » memorable moment in Rizal’s life TWO REASONS:
It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent
in a strange city. A great joy because his novel Noli Me
Tangere, was published on March 1887.
Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines • Uncle Tom’s Cabin
by Harriet Beecher Stowe – The book that inspired Rizal to write
a novel about the suffering of the Filipinos to the Spaniards. •
Central University in Madrid – where Rizal started writing the
novel • July 2, 1884 – Rizal proposed the writing of a novel
about the Philippines
The Writing of the novel • Towards the end of 1884 – Rizal began
writing the novel in Madrid and finished ½of it. • 1885 – he was
in Paris, he continued writing the novel, finishing the ½ of the
2nd half
• Germany – he finished the ¼ of it. • Last 2 chapters – he
finished it at Wilhelmsfeld in April – June 1886
• December 1886 – he was in Berlin where he plan to published
his novel, Noli Me Tangere • Fernando Canon – where Rizal wrote
his worries about the publishing of his novel
Viola, Savior of the Noli • Dr. Maximo Viola – A rich friend of
Rizal from Bulacan who financed the publishing the Noli. – Lives
at San Miguel, Bulacan – December 25, 1887, he arrived at Berlin
• Chapter of Elias and Salome – This chapter was deleted for
some financial purposes. • February 11, 1857 – Noli was ready
for printing • Berliner Buchdruckrei Actien Gesellschaft – a
publishing house that charged the lowest rate for publishing
Rizal’s novel • Php 300.00 – the cost of printing for 2,000
copies
Rizal Suspected as French Spy • During the printing of NOLI, the
chief of police BERLIN visit RIZAL’s boarding house and
requested to see his passport, unfortunately, that time to
travel with or without passports is possible. The police chief
then told him to produce a passport after 4 days. • Immediately
VIOLA accompanied RIZAL in the Spanish Ambassador, the COURT of
BENOMAR, who promised to attend to the matter but the ambassador
failed to keep his promise, it turns out that he had no power to
issue the required passport. The 4 day ultimatum expired. RIZAL
himself apologized to the chief police, while asking why he has
to be deported. The police chief answered that he was always
seen visiting many villages, thereby pronouncing him as a French
SPY. • RIZAL is fluent GERMAN language, explained to the police,
that he was a Filipino ethnologist, who visits rural areas to
observe customs and lifestyles of their simple inhabitants. The
chief impressed and fascinated on RIZAL’s explanation, allowed
him to stay freely in GERMANY.
Printing of Noli Finishes March 29, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere came
off the press Rizal sent copies to: » Blumentritt » Dr. Antonio
Ma. Regidor » G. Lopez Jaena » Mariano Ponce » FelizR.Hidalgo
The Title of the Novel Noli Me Tangere – “ Touch Me Not” from
Gospel of Saint John (Chapter 30, Verses 13-17)
The Author’s Dedication Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to
the Philippines – “To My Fatherland”
Character of Noli Me Tangere & Synopsis of the Novel •
Crisostomo Ibarra – A young and rich Filipino who studied in
Europe / sweetheart of Maria Clara • Maria Clara – Daughter of
Capitan Tiago • Padre Damaso – Franciscan friar who had been
parish priest of San Diego. Biological father of Maria Clara •
San Diego – Ibarra’s native town for 20 yrs. • Padre Salvi –
young Dominican parish priest of Binondo • Senor Guevarra –
elderly and kind lieutenant of the guardia civil,who related to
Ibarra the truth on the death of his father • Don Tiburcio –
Bogus Spanish Physician
• Dona Victoria – wife of Don Tiburcio , who dislike her own
country • Don Melchor – Captain of Cuadrillores • Sisa –formerly
a rich girl but became poor because she married a gambler •
Basilio & Crispin –sons of Sisa/Sacristans • Elias – A boatman,
peasant youth, saved Ibarra twice • Nor Juan – Architect who
constructed the schoolhouse • November 11th – feast day of San
Diego Ibarra’s attacked Padre Damaso produced two result: »
Engagement to Maria Clara was broken » He was excommunicated
• Don Alfonso Linares – Cousin of Don Tiburcio • Doña
Consolation – bulgar mistress of Spanish Alferez NOLI ME TANGERE
consist of 63 chapters and epilogue
The Noli Bases on Truth • • • • • • •
Maria Clara – Leonor Rivera Crisostomo Ibarra & Elias – Rizal
Pilosopo Tasyo – Paciano Padre Salvi – Padre Antonio Piernavieja
Capitan Tiago – Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas Doña
Victorina –Doña Agustina Medal Basilio and Crispin – Crisostomo
brother’s of Hagonoy • Padre Damaso –the bad friars
chapter 9
Rizal’s Grand Tour in Europe with Maximo Viola
• After the publication of the Noli Me Tangere, Rizal had
received remittance from Paciano worth P1,000.00 which was
forwarded by Juan Luna from Paris. • Rizal immediately paid
Viola Php 300.00 that he used to published the novel.
THE TOUR
Potsdam • Near Berlin • It became famous because of Frederick
the Great - skillfully employed the limited Prussian resources
to make his kingdom the most powerful German state during the
seven Years War. • Viola and Rizal left Berlin by train.
Dresden • Where they visited the Regional Flower Exposition. •
Rizal – interested in Botany, studied the variety of plants. •
Dr. Adolph Meyer – was visited by the two physicians. • They
visited the Museum or Art where Rizal became deeply impressed by
the painting Prometheus Bound. • Prometheus – a Titan punished
by Zeus for giving fire to mankind.
• Feodor Jagor – was also visited by Rizal and Viola. – informed
by the two physicians on their plan to visit Blumentritt –
Warned Rizal to inform Blumentritt first before coming to his
place, he might suffer a nervous breakdown because of shock. •
Teschen (Decin) – found in Czech Republic – They had a stop over
on they way to Blumentritt place
Leitmeritz, Austria • Now known as Litomeritce in Czech
Republic.
• The place where Ferdinand Blumentritt lived. • Rizal and Viola
stayed in this place from May 13-16,1887.
• Ferdinand Blumentritt – waited for Rizal and Viola in the
train station carrying with him a sketch of Rizal.
• Hotel Krebs – where Rizal and Viola stayed while they were in
Leitmeritz
• Rizal enjoyed the warm hospitality of Blumentritt’s family. •
Rosa – Blumentritt’s wife was a good cook • Dolores (Dora,
Dorita), Conrad and Fritz – were nice to them. • Ferdinand – a
great tourist guide and a hospitable host.
– Offered the best beer in Bohemia to his guests – Introduced
Rizal to the town mayor who was impressed in his communication
skills.
• Tourists’ Club of Leitmeritz – a group where Blumentritt was
the secretary.
– Rizal spoke extemporaneously in fluent German praising
Austria’s idyllic scenes and hospitable, nature loving and noble
people. – He was willfully applauded. – They were introduced to:
• Dr. Carlos Czepalak – a renowned scientist • Professor Robert
Klutschak – a eminent naturalist.
• Rizal painted a portrait of Blumentritt as a sign of his
gratitude to him
Prague • Viola and Rizal carried with them a recommendation from
Blumentritt address to Dr. Wilkomm – professor of natural
history in the University of Prague. • Dr. Wilkolm – He
accompanied the two physicians in visiting the historic places
• Tomb of Nicolaus Copernicus – famous astronomer • Museum of
Natural History
• Bacteriological Laboratories • Cave where San Juan Nepomuceno,
the Catholic saint was imprisoned as well as the bridge where he
was hurled into the river.
Vienna • Capital of Austria-Hungary • Rizal and Viola spent four
days in this city visiting the buildings and examining holy
images and statues.
• Queen of Danube • Norfenfals – one of the greatest novelists
in Europe during Rizal’s time was met by Rizal through
Blumentritt. • Diamond stickpin – lost by Rizal in Hotel Krebs,
which was later given by the maid to Blumentritt. • They stayed
in Hotel Metropole while in Vienna
Danubian Voyage to Linz • Rizal and Viola left Vienna via boat
to see the beautiful sights of the Danube River. • They noticed
that passengers were using paper napkins during the meals
instead of cloth napkin.
From Linz to Rheinfall • They left Austria from Salzburg, where
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born. They re-entered Germany. •
Munich – where they stayed for a short-time to drink the Munich
Beer (the best in Germany). • Nuremburg – one of the oldest
cities in Germany – Where they saw the horrible machines used in
the Inquisition – The two were impressed by the manufacture of
dolls which was the city’s biggest industry
• Ulm – where the largest and tallest Cathedral in Germany can
be found. – From here they went to Stuttgart, Baden, and in
Rheinfall – were they saw the most beautiful waterfalls in
Europe.
Switzerland
• From Rheinfall to Schaffhausen, Switzerland • Here they
visited Basel (Bale), Bern, and Lausanne.
Geneva • One of the most beautiful cities in Europe visited by
tourists every year. • He spent 15 days in this place • Rizal
spent his 26th birthday
• Viola returned to Barcelona from Geneva • Rizal continued his
tour to Italy.
Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition • In Geneva,
Rizal and Viola received news from Madrid about the deplorable
conditions of the primitive Igorots who were exhibited in the
exhibition. • Some of whom died, and whose scanty clothing (G
strings) and crude weapons were objects of mockery and laughter
by the Spaniards. • Rizal was outraged by the degradation of his
fellow countrymen.
Italy • In this place Rizal visited Turin, Venice an Florence. •
June 27, 1887 – he reached Rome “The Eternal City and the City
of Ceasars”
Vatican
• June 29, 1887 – Feast day of Saints Peter and Paul. He visited
the Vatican – the city of the Popes and the capital of
Christendom.
• The grandeur of Rome was something that Rizal did not fail to
appreciate in his sojourn in Italy. After a week of travel in
Rome, he prepared for his homecoming to the Philippines.
chapter 10 First Homecoming, 1887-1888
Rizal’s plans of coming back home • As early as 1884, Rizal
wanted to go back to the Philippines for the following reasons:
– Financial difficulties in Calamba – Dissatisfaction with his
studies in Madrid – Desire to prove that there is no reason to
fear going home. – His belief that the Spanish regime will not
punish the innocent.
Decision to Return Home • After five years of his memorable
sojourn in Europe, Rizal returned to the Philippines. • However,
Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the
Philippines because his Noli Me Tangere angered the friars: –
Paciano Mercado – Rizal’s adviser and only brother. – Silvestre
Ubaldo – Rizal’s brother in law; husband of Olimpia. – Jose Ma.
Cecilio (Chenggoy) – one of Rizal’s closest friends.
• Rizal was determined to come back to the Philippines for the
following reasons: – To operate his mother’s eyes – To serve his
people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants. – To find
out for himself how the Noli Me Tangere and his other writings
were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards. – To inquire why Leonor
Rivera remained silent.
Rizal arrives in Manila • Rizal left Rome by train to
Marseilles, a French port and boarded Djemnah, the same steamer
that brought him to Europe five years ago. • There were 50
passengers: 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40
Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal) • When the ship reached Aden,
the weather became rough and some of Rizal’s book got wet. • In
Saigon (Ho Chi Minh), Vietnam – he transferred to another
steamer, Haiphong, that brought him to Manila.
Happy Homecoming • When Rizal arrived in Calamba, rumors spread
that he was a: – German spy – An agent of Otto Von Bismarck –
the liberator of Germany. – A Protestant – A Mason – A soul
halfway to damnation • Paciano – did not leave him during the
first days after arrival to protect him from any enemy assault.
• Don Francisco – did not permit him to go out alone
In Calamba • Rizal established a medical clinic. • Doña Teodora
– was Rizal’s first patient • Rizal treated her eyes but could
not perform any surgical operation because her cataracts were
not yet ripe. • He painted several beautiful landscapes in
Calamba. • He translated German poems of Von Wildernath in
Tagalog.
• Doctor Uliman – Rizal was called this name because he came
from Germany. – He earned P900 in a few months and P5,000 before
he left the Philippines. • Gymnasium – was opened by Rizal for
the young people • He introduced European sports fencing and
shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and gambling.
Sad moments while Rizal was in Calamba • Leonor Rivera – Rizal
tried to visit her in Tarlac but his parents forbade him to go
because Leonor’s mother did not like him for a son-in-law. •
Olimpia Mercado-Ubaldo – died because of child birth.
Storm over the Noli Me Tangere • As Rizal was peacefully living
in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom. • Governor General
Emilio Terrero – wrote to Rizal requesting to come to Malacañang
Palace. – Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli
contains subversive ideas. – Rizal explained to him that he
merely exposed the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas.
– He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the
book, he asked for a copy of the novel. – Rizal had no copy that
time but promised to send one for him.
Rizal visited the Jesuits • Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to
ask for their feedback on the novel. • He was gladly welcomed by
the following friars: – Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Fr.
Jose Bech – Fr. Federico Faura – told Rizal that everything in
the novel was the truth and warned him that he may lose his head
because of it.
• Governor-General Emilio Terrero • a liberal minded Spaniard
who knew that Rizal’s life was in jeopardy because the friars
were powerful. – To keep him safe, he gave Rizal a bodyguard to
protect him.
Jose Taviel de Andrade • A young Spanish lieutenant who came
from a noble family • He was cultured and knew painting • He
could speak French, English and Spanish. • They became good
friends.
Attackers of the Noli • Archbishop Pedro Payo – a Dominican, •
Archbishop of Manila • He sent a copy of the Noli to Fr.
Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Santo Tomas to
examine the novel.
UST and Rizal • The committee that examined the Noli Me Tangere
were composed of Dominican professors. • The report of the
faculty members from UST about the Noli states that the novel
was: – Heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious
orders, and anti-patriotic, subversive of pubic order, injurious
to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine
Islands in the political order.
• Governor-General Terrero – was not satisfied with the report
so he sent the novel to the Permanent Commission of Censorship
which was composed of priests and lawyers.
• Fr. Salvador Font – Augustinian friar curate of Tondo was the
head of the commission. – The group found that the novel contain
subversive ideas against the Church and Spain and recommended
that the importation, reproduction and circulation of the
pernicious book in the islands be absolutely prohibited.
• The newspaper published Font’s written report • The banning of
the Noli Me Tangere served to make it popular • The masses
supported the book.
• Fr. Jose Rodriguez – Augustinian Prior of Guadalupe –
Published a series of eight pamphlets under the heading
Questions of Supreme Interest to blast the Noli and other antiSpanish writing. – Copies of anti-Rizal pamphlets were sold
after mass – Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not
to displease the friars.
Noli Me Tangere in Spain • The novel was fiercely attacked in
the session hall of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes. •
Senators: – General Jose de Salamanca – General Luis de Pando –
Sr. Fernando Vida • Vicente Barrantes – Spanish academician of
Madrid who formerly occupied high government position in the
Philippines bitterly criticized the novel in an article
published in the Madrid newspaper, La España Moderna.
Defenders of the Noli Me Tangere • Propagandists such as Marcelo
H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano
Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli. • Father
Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo
defended and praised the novel in public. • Don Segismundo Moret
– former Minister of the Crown. • Prof. Miguel Moraytahistorian and stateman • Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt – Rizal’s
best friend
• Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia – a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar,
a theologian of the Manila Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of
the famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas Kempis. – Under the pen
name Justo Desiderio Magalang he wrote a defense of the novel
published in Singapore.
• Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders
especially to Fr. Garcia who defended him unexpectedly. • He
attacked Barrantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippine
affairs and mental dishonesty which is unworthy of an
academician. • Because of the interest of both enemies and
protectors of the Noli the price of the book increased from five
pesetas per copy to 50 pesetas per copy.
Agrarian Problem in Calamba • Influenced by the novel, GovernorGeneral Emilio Terrero ordered a government investigation of the
friar estates to remedy whatever inequities might have been
present in connection with land taxes and with tenant relations.
• One of the friar estates affected was the Calamba hacienda by
the Dominican order since 1883. • Upon hearing about the
investigation, the people of Calamba asked helped from Rizal to
gather facts and list the grievances so that the government
might institute certain agrarian reforms.
Findings submitted by Rizal • The hacienda of the Dominican
Order comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but the whole
town of Calamba. • The profits of the Dominican Order
continually increased because of the arbitrary increase of the
rentals paid by the tenants. • The hacienda owner never
contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town
fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the
improvement of agriculture.
• Tenants who spent much labor in clearing the lands were
dispossessed of the said lands for flimsy reasons • High rates
of interest were arbitrarily charged the tenants for delayed
payment of rentals • When the rentals could not be paid, the
hacienda management confiscated the work animals, tools, and
farm implements of the tenants.
Friars Reaction • Rizal’s exposure to the deplorable condition
angered the friars. • The friars exerted pressure to Malacañang
to eliminate Rizal. • They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport
Rizal but the latter refused for there is lack of charges
against Rizal in court. • Anonymous threats in Rizal’s life
alarmed his parents, siblings, Andrade his bodyguard, friends,
and even Terrero, thus they all advised him to leave the
country.
Rizal’s reasons for leaving the Philippines • His presence in
Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his family
and friends. • He could not fight better his enemies and serve
his country’s cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign
countries.
Himno Al Trabajo • A poem for Lipa – shortly before Rizal left
in 1888, he was asked by a friend to write a poem in
commemoration of the town’s cityhood. • Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn
To Labor) – title of the poem dedicated to the industrious
people of Lipa.
Farewell Philippines • On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his
country with a heavy heart. • But this is for his own good and
the safety of his family and friends.
chapter 11
In Hong Kong And Macao (1888)
Rizal Leaving the Philippines for The Second time • Hounded by
powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for the
second time in 1888. • He was 27 years old, a practicing
physician, and a recognized man of letters. • After six months
of staying in the Philippines Rizal left via the steamer Zapiro
bound for Hong Kong.
• Amoy – the first stop over of the ship Rizal did not get off
the ship for the following reasons: He was not feeling well It
was raining hard He heard that the city is dirty.
Hong Kong • A British colony • Rizal stayed in Victoria Hotel •
He met Jose Maria Basa Balbino Mauricio Manuel Yriarte (son of
the alcalde mayor in Calamca)
• According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, Hongkong is a
small, but very clean city. • Many Portuguese, Hindus, English,
Chinese and Jews. • There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas
Islands since 1872, they were former financiers and rich but now
poor, gentle and timid.
Rizal’s visit to Macao • A Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. •
Rizal together with Basa boarded a ferry named Kiu-Kiang going
to Macao.
• Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the passengers . A
Spanish Spy to Rizal • Don Juan Francisco Lecaros – a Filipino
gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady. • Rizal and Basa
stayed in his house for two days while they were in Macao. •
Rizal also visited the » Theater » Casino » Cathedral » Church »
Pagodas » Botanical Garden » Bazaars » Famous Grotto of Camoens
(Portugal’s national poet)
Experience in Hong Kong • During Rizal’s two-week vacation in
Hong Kong, he studied Chinese life, language, drama and customs
and found out the following which he wrote in his diary: – The
celebration of the Chinese New Year was quite very noisy due to
the continuous explosion of firecrackers on the streets. – The
lauriat party, where in the guests were served a variety of
dishes, shows lavishness and hospitality among the Chinese. –
The Dominican Order, the richest religious order in Hong Kong,
had millions of dollars deposited in various banks earning very
high interests. – The graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and
Muslims were well maintained.
Departure from Hong Kong • February 22, 1888 – Rizal left Hong
kong • Oceanic – an American steamer, his destination was Japan.
chapter 12 Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)
• February 28-April 13,1888 One of the happiest interludes in
the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry
Blossoms for one month and a half.
Rizal arrives in Yokohama • Tuesday,February 28,1888 He
registered at the Grand Hotel
Rizal in Tokyo • March 2-7,1888 He wrote to professor
Blumentritt; “Tokyo is more expensive than Paris. The walls are
built in cyclopean manner.The streets are large and wide.
• Juan Perez Caballero -Secretary of Spanish Legation. A spy on
Rizal • Rizal, being an intelligent man, realized that the
Spanish diplomatic authorities were instructed from Manila to
monitor his movement in Japan. The Spanish Legation offered him
a place to stay. He accepted the offer for: Two Reasons 1.He
could economize his living expenses by staying at the legation
2. He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish
authorities.
• On march 7, Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the
Spanish Legation. He and Perez Caballero bacame good friends.
• In a letter of Blumentritt ; Rizal described the Spanish
diplomat as “a young, fine, and excellent writer and an able
diplomat who had traveled much.”
• During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because
he did not know the Japanese language. • He wrote to
Blumentritt; “Here you have your friend , Rizal the wonder of
the Japanese, who has the face of Japanese but does not speak
Japanese. On the streets, when I go shopping , people look at me
and ill-educated laugh because I speak such a strange language.
In Tokyo very few people speak English , but in Yokohama many
speak it. Some believe I' am an Europeanized Japanese who does
not want to be taken as such.”
Rizal and the Tokyo musician • March 1888 -Rizal heard the Tokyo
band playing a classical work of Strauss. He taught: “How
admirable was the rendition .I wonder how these Japanese people
have assimilated the modern European music to the extent of
playing the beautiful musical masterpieces of the great European
composers as well.”
“Paisano, Taga saan po kayo?”
Rizal’s impression of Japan 1. The beauty of the country –its
flowers, mountains, streams and scenic panoramas. 2. The
cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people. 3.
The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women. 4.
There were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses remained
open day and night, and in the hotel room one could safely leave
money on the table. 5. Beggars were rarely seen in the city
streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.
• However, there is one thing he did not like in Japan , and
that was the popular mode of transportation by means of
rickshaws drawn by men. He felt disgusted at the way a human
being was employed like a horse.
Romance with O-Sei-San • Being a man with an eye for feminine
beauty, he was attracted by her legal loveliness and charm. He
craved to meet her. • Seiko Usui-real name -who lived in her
parents ‘ home and that she used to pass by the legation during
her daily afternoon walk.