Rizal’s Education and Life Abroad TRAVEL FOR SPAIN May 1, 1882 – Rizal began writing farewell letters to his friends and family Paciano gave him money for his allowance Saturnina gave him a diamond ring May 3, 1882 – Rizal left on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora bound for Singapore using a passport of Jose Mercado May 9, 1882 – SS Salvadora docked in Singapore and stayed in Hotel dela Paz for two days In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French steamer, which left Singapore for Europe on May 11. 1882. FROM SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO, SRI LANKA May 11, 1882 – From Singapore, he boarded to Djemnah, a French steamer bound for Europe May 17, 1882 – Djemnah made its stop over at the Point Galle Rizal noted, “Point Galle, a seacoast town which is picturesque but lonely, quiet and sad.” May 18, 1882 – Djemnah docked at Colombo Rizal said. “Colombo is more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore. Point Galle and Manila.” TRIP THROUGH SUEZ CANAL May 27, 1882 – he landed at Aden, Yemen at about 8:30am. He made observation at that time. Aden is a city hotter than Manila. Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first time. June 2, 1882 - He arrived at the Suez Canal enroute to Marseilles. Rizal was impressed in the beautiful moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and his family. June 11, 1882 – Rizal disembarked and accompanied by a guide, went around the City of Naples for one hour. This was the first European ground he set foot on. Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of its business activity, its lively people and its panoramic beauty. TRIP THROUGH SUEZ CANAL June 12, 1882 – At 10 o’clock in the evening, the boat anchored at Marseilles. He slept in board. Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’if, where Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo was imprisoned. Rizal stayed two and a half days in Marseilles. June 16, 1882 – At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and boarded in the Fonda de España. Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s second largest city was unfavorable. Later, he came to like Barcelona due to the prevalence of freedom and liberalism in the city and the good qualities demonstrated by its residents - openheartedness; hospitality; and courage. LIFE IN BARCELONA He wrote an essay entitled “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) His next article was entitled “Los Viajes”(Travels) and followed by “Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) but the latter was returned because the publication was ceased because of lack of funds. August 20, 1882 – His article “Amor Patrio” was published in the Diariong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro. This was his first article he wrote abroad. LIFE IN BARCELONA Amor Patrio (Love of Country) – nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s soil. Under his pen-name Laong Laan. It was published in two texts – Spanish and Tagalog. The Spanish text was the one originally written by Rizal in Barcelona, the Tagalog text was a Tagalog translation made by Marcelo H. del Pilar. Amor Patrio - Rizal’s first nationalistic essay where he urged the Filipinos to love their motherland. For Rizal, loving one’s country was the greatest, most heroic and sublime or disinterested sentiment a person could have. For the first time, he used the term Tierra Extranjera (Foreign Land) in referring to Spain. LIFE IN MADRID September 2, 1882 - Rizal moved heading to Madrid in order to continue his medical studies. November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid in two courses – Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando - Rizal studied painting and sculpture. He took lessons in French, German and English under private instructors. He practiced fencing and shooting at the Hall of Arms in Sanz y Carbonell. Rizal joined the Circulo-Hispano Filipino. It is an association formed by Filipino students in Spain composed of both Filipinos and Spaniards. Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for Verses) – upon the request of the members of this society, Rizal wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception held in the evening of December 31, 1882. LIFE IN MADRID March 1883 – He joined the Masonic Lodge called Acacia. His reason for was to secure Freemasonry’s aid in his fight for the Philippines. November 1883 – He transferred to Lodge Solidaridad, where he become a Master Mason. He was overwhelmed by their progressive ideas on government, politics, and religion. Thus, he joined the Masonry for the following probable reasons: the abuses committed by the friars against the Filipinos; his association with many mason; and the possible assistance the masons can extend him in his struggle against Spanish tyranny and oppression. LIFE IN MADRID June 1884 – Rizal finished his medical education. He was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine. The next year, he passed all his subjects leading to Doctors of Medicine but was only able to get his Doctor’s Diploma in 1887 for he wasn’t able to pay corresponding fees. June 1885– Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of Excellent (Sobresaliente). LIFE IN MADRID RIZAL’S TOAST TO LUNA AND HIDALGO While Rizal was in Madrid, a very heartening news made the Filipino expatriates rejoice. Juan Luna and Felix R. Hidalgo emerged winners in the 1884 Madrid Exposition. Luna was awarded a gold medal for his painting, the Spoliarium; while Hidalgo, a silver medal for his entry. Christian Virgins exposed to the Populace. A banquet was tendered in honor of these two Filipino artists at The Café Ingles on June 25, 1884, with Rizal delivering the keynote speech. The speech of salute Rizal delivered during the occasion came to be called Brindis. PARIS TO BERLIN PARIS Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in Ophthalmology – Rizal chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s eye ailment. Dr. Louis de Wecker – the leading French Ophthalmologist during this period. He is the leading authority among the oculists of France, who found Rizal such a competent student and make him as his clinical assistant. From Dr. de Wecker, Rizal learned the following: the actual performance of eye operation; recent studies on the ailment of the eyes; and the various techniques of eye operation. PARIS TO BERLIN PARIS During his free time, he visited his fellow countrymen – Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix and Paz) and Juan Luna. Rizal posted in Luna’s canvass like, “The Blood Compact” in which he posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as Legazpi. He also posed for a group picture called “The Death of Cleopatra” wherein he dressed as an Egyptian priest. PARIS TO BERLIN February 1, 1886 – he left Paris to Germany and arrived on February 3, 1886 in Heidelberg – a historic city in Germany, famous for its old university and romantic HEIDELBERG surroundings. Dr. Otto Becker – distinguished German Ophthalmologist where Rizal worked – University Eye Hospital It was at this university town where Rizal perfected the techniques of diagnosing eye ailments, which he learned under Dr. Otto Becker. BERLIN November 1886 – Rizal arrived in Berlin. He was enchanted by the scientific atmosphere and the absence of racial prejudice in Berlin. Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor, great scientist and author of “Travels in the Philippines”, one of the books Rizal admired during his student days. He also met Dr. Rudolf Virchow known to be the Father of Modern Pathology. RIZAL’S REASONS IN STAYING IN BERLIN: 1. To gain further knowledge in Ophthalmology; 2. To improve further his studies of sciences and languages; 3. To observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation; 4. To associate with famous German scientists and scholars; 5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere. BERLIN November 1886 – one of Rizal’s important letters written while he was in Germany that addressed to his sister, Trinidad. In his letter, Rizal expressed his high regard and admiration for German womanhood. The German woman, said Rizal to his sister, is serious, diligent, educated and friendly. She is not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome. The said letter, likewise, shows Rizal’s concern about the training of his sisters so that they can be able to emulate the virtues of German women. BERLIN Noli Me Tangere (published in Berlin, 1887) The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrived form Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was in the pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons: 1. it was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city; 2. it brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887. BERLIN Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe – inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants. Maximo Viola – friend from Bulacan arrived in Berlin at the height of Rizal despondency and leaned him the needed funds to publish the novel; savior of Noli. February 21, 1887 – the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesellschaft – a printing shop which charged the lowest rate, that is, 300 pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel. March 21, 1887 – the Noli Me Tangere came off the press. The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not.” It is not originally conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible. (St. John 20: 13 – 17) GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA DRESDEN May 11, 1887 – Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train going to Dresden, one of the best cities in Germany. They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, who was very happy seeing them and they met Dr. Feodor Jagor. Prometheus Bound – a painting wherein Rizal was deeply impressed. Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia) – next stop over after leaving Dresden GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA LEITMERITZ At 1:30 pm of May 13, 1887 – the train, with Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia for the first time, the two great scholars – Rizal and Blumentritt – met in person. Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt – a kind-hearted, old Austrian professor VIENNA May 20, 1887 – Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of Austria – Hungary. Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” because of its beautiful building, religious images, haunting waltzes and majestic charm. What impressed him most were the archaic villages on the riversides, which were serene and peaceful. GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA RHEINFALL The Cathedral of Ulm - the largest and tallest Cathedral in Germany. Rizal and Viola climbed its many hundred steps. According to Viola, he rested twice on the way to the tower to catch his breath, while Rizal ascended continuously until he reached the top. From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall. At Rheinfall, they saw the waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall in Europe.” GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND June 2 to 3, 1887 – stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland GENEVA The Swiss City is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, visited by world tourists every year. Meanwhile, the two spent some afternoon on boating at Leman Lake. June 19, 1887 – Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. It was his 26th birthday. Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delighted days in Geneva. June 23, 1887 – Viola and Rizal parted ways – Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to Italy. Viola and Rizal parted ways – Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued the tour to Italy. Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain – Rizal was outraged by this degradation of his fellow countrymen, the Igorots of Northern Luzon. RIZAL IN ITALY June 27, 1887 – Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City of the Caesars.” Rizal was thrilled by the sights and memories of the Eternal City. Describing to Blumentritt, the “grandeur that was Rome,” he wrote on June 27, 1887. June 29, 1887 – the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time the Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom. Every night after sightseeing the whole day, Rizal returned to his hotel, very tired. “I am tired as dog, but I will sleep as a god” he wrote to Blumentritt. After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal prepared to return to the Philippines. He had already written to his father that he was coming home. Thank you someone@example.com