ORGANIZED CRIME
INVESTIGATION

a.
b.
c.
d.
The following are positions designed for the
commission of crimes in organized crime
group providing that such division of labor,
except;
one position for a corrupter,
one position for a corruptee,
one position for an enforcer.
one position for leader

a.
b.
c.
d.
It shall mean a structured group of three or
more persons, existing for a period of time
and acting in concert with the aim of
committing one or more serious crimes or
offences.
Organized crime
Organized criminal group
Syndicate
Criminal Gang
The following are the attributes of an organized
crime group, except:
a. No political goals
b. Hierarchical
c. Limited or exclusive membership
d. Common subculture
A model of criminal group which the center is
around families, patrons and their clients,
and other personalistic networks. The
emphasis is on traditional rituals that
demonstrates the emotional bonds among
men.
a. Patrimonial
b. Corporate
c. Bureaucratic
d. Monopolistic

a.
b.
c.
d.
In a organized criminal group, It is regarded
as the head of the family, usually reigning as
a dictator, sometimes called the Don or
"Godfather".
Underboss
Seniorito
Boss
Manager

It is also referred as the right hand.
a. Underboss
b. Soldato
c. Caporegime
d. Consiglierie

They are not a member of the Mafia, but
works for a crime family none-the-less.
a. Underboss
b. Soldato
c. Caporegime
d. Consiglierie
e. Associate

They are the main workers of the family,
usually committing crimes like assault,
murder, extortion, intimidation, etc.
a. Underboss
b. Soldato
c. Caporegime
d. Consiglierie

They are in charge of a crew – a group of
soldiers who report directly to him.
a. Underboss
b. Soldato
c. Caporegime
d. Consiglierie

Usually appointed by the boss, is the
second in command of the family. He
often runs the day-to-day responsibilities
of the family or oversees its most
lucrative rackets.
a. Underboss
b. Soldato
c. Caporegime
d. Consiglierie
Organized Crime
Investigation
What is Organized Crime?
- An organized crime is any crime committed
by a person occupying, in an established division of
labor, a position designed for the commission of
crimes providing that such division of labor
includes at least one position for a corrupter, one
position for a corruptee, and one position for an
enforcer. (Donald Cressey, 1969:319)
Organized Crime
Investigation
An organized crime is all illegal
activities engaged in by members of
criminal syndicates operative throughout
the country (United States) and all illegal
activities engaged in by known associates
and confederates of such members.
(USDOJ)
Organized Crime
Investigation
-These are group of activities of three or more
persons, with hierarchical links or personal
relationships, which permit their leaders to
earn profits or control territories or markets,
internal or foreign , by means of violence,
intimidation, or corruption, both in
furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate
the legitimate economy. (International
Conference in Warsaw on the problem of
Organized Crime)
Organized Crime
Investigation
Organized Criminal Group - shall
mean a structured group of three or
more persons, existing for a period of
time and acting in concert with the aim
of committing one or more serious
crimes or offences established in
accordance with UN Convention, in
order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a
financial or other material benefit.
Organized Crime
Investigation
What are the attributes of an
organized crime group?
 No political goals
 Hierarchical
 Limited or exclusive membership
 Unique subculture
 Self-perpetuating
Organized Crime
Investigation
 Willing to use illegal violence
and bribery
 Specialization/ division of labor
 Monopolistic
 Governed by explicit rules and
regulations
Organized Crime
Investigation
What are the different kinds of organizational models of
organized crime?
1. Bureaucratic/Corporate Model – this is a rational
organization with the following common attributes:
 A complicated hierarchy
 An extensive division of labor
 Positions assigned on the basis of skill
 Responsibilities carried out in an impersonal manner
 Extensive written rules and regulations
 Communication from the top of the hierarchy to
persons on the bottom usually in written (memo)
form
Organized Crime
Investigation
2. Patrimonial/Patron-Client Model – this
center around families, patrons and their
clients, and other personalistic networks.
The emphasis is on traditional rituals that
demonstrates the emotional bonds
among men.
Organized Crime
Investigation
 What is the organizational structure of a
typical Mafia Family?
Boss — the head of the family, usually reigning as
a dictator, sometimes called the Don or "Godfather".
The boss receives a cut of every operation taken
on by every member of his family.
Depending on the family, the boss may be chosen
by a vote from the Caporegimes of the family. In the
event of a tie, the Underboss must vote.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Underboss —usually appointed by the boss,
is the second in command of the family. The
underboss often runs the day-to-day
responsibilities of the family or oversees its most
lucrative rackets.
They usually get a percentage of the family's
income from the bosses cut. The underboss is
usually first in line to become acting boss if the
boss is imprisoned, while also frequently seen as
a logical successor.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Consigliere —an advisor to the family and
sometimes seen as the Boss's "right-hand
man". They are used as a mediator of
disputes, representatives or aides in
meetings with other families.
In practice the consigliere is normally the
third ranking member of the administration
of a family and was traditionally a senior
member familiar with how the organization
is run.
A Boss will often appoint someone close to
him who they trust as their consigliere.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Caporegime (or capo, captain or skipper) —in
charge of a crew – a group of soldiers who report
directly to him. Each crew usually contains 10-20
soldiers and many more associates.
A capo is appointed by the boss and reports to
him or the underboss. A captain gives a percentage
of his (and his underlings) earnings to the boss and is
also responsible for any tasks assigned, including
murder.
In labor racketeering it is usually a capo who
controls the infiltration of union locals. If a Capo
becomes powerful enough he can sometimes wield
more power than some of his superiors.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Soldier (soldato) — a member of the family, and
traditionally can only be of full Italian background
(although today many families require men to be
of only half Italian descent on their father's side).
Once a member is made, he is untouchable,
meaning permission from a soldier's boss must be
given before he is murdered.
When the books are open, meaning that a
family is accepting new members, a Capo (or
several Capos) may recommend an up-andcoming associate to be a new soldier.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Soldiers are the main workers of the
family, usually committing crimes
like assault, murder, extortion,
intimidation, etc. In return, they are
given profitable rackets to run by
their superiors and have full access
to their family's connections and
power.
Organized Crime
Investigation
Associate — not a member of the Mafia, but works
for a crime family none-the-less. An associate can
include a wide range of people who work for the
family.
This is where prospective mobsters ("connected
guys") start out to prove their worth. Once a crime
family is accepting new membership, the best
associates are evaluated and picked to become
soldiers.
An associate can have a wide range of duties from
virtually carrying out the same duties as a soldier to
being a simple errand boy.
Organized Crime
Investigation
 They are usually a go-between or
sometimes deal in drugs to keep the
heat off the actual members, or they can
be people the family does business with
(restaurant owners, etc.) In other cases,
an associate might be a corrupt labor
union delegate or businessman.
It is also known as the “code of silence”
a. Omerta
b. Modus
c. Silencio de codal
d. Law of the mute
This is a term for “six-for-five” loan.
a. Vig
b. Loansharking
c. Knockdown
d. Payday loansharking
Extortion is obtaining money from people in
order to remain in business, be protected
against violence, or to monopolize a certain
territory. This may be in a form of street taxes or
also known as:
a. Rispetto
b. Lagay
c. Buwis
d. SOP
He is considered the father of modern
organized crime in the United States for
splitting New York City into five different Mafia
crime families.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Scarface
Luciano
Genovese
Escobar
In Sicily, the term __________is used to distinguish
the assassination of prominent government
officials from the common criminals and
ordinary citizens killed by the Mafia.
a. Excellent Cadaver
b. Golden Pot
c. VIP
d. Man of Jackpot
Mafia tends to mean?
a. Toughly
b. Manly
c. Intelligent
d. Heartly
The word “’Ndrangheta” comes from the
Greek meaning:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Courage
Wise
Patriot
Soft hearted
The word La Costra Nostra literally translated
into English it means
a. this thing of ours
b. This life is ours
c. This world is ours
d. This time is ours
The Camorra first appeared in the mid-1800s
in Naples, Italy, as a prison gang. The
word “Camorra” means:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Bad Group
Brother
Fraternity
Gang
Two notorious criminal gangsin the Philippines —
the Pentagon and the Kuratong Balaleng — the
syndicates are nurtured by a complex layer of
protection involving police and local, even national,
officials. Who was the Pentagon group Boss?
a. Abu Sabaya
b. Bin laden
c. Marahomsar Faisal
d. John H.Greed
Organized Crime
Investigation
What are the Mafia Rules and Customs?
 Omerta- is the oath or "code of silence", never talk
to the authorities.
 "Ethnicity" - only men of Italian descent are
allowed to become full members (made man)
 "Family secrets" - members are not allowed to talk
about family business to non-members.
 "Blood for blood" - if a family member is killed (by
another member) no one can commit murder (in
revenge) until the boss gives permission.
Organized Crime
Investigation
 "No fighting among members" - from fist fights to
knife fights.
 "Tribute" - every month; member must pay the
boss; also giving the boss a cut on any side deals.
 "Adultery" - members are not allowed to commit
adultery with another family member’s wife.
 "No facial hair" - members were not allowed to
grow mustaches.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
 What are the activities of organized crime
groups?
In general:
 Parasitic – members of a criminal organization extort money
from illegal entrepreneurs under a threat of violence.
 Reciprocal – members of a criminal organization require illegal
entrepreneurs to pay a fixed or percentage amount but in
return provide services such as debt collection or restricting
market entry.
 Entrepreneurship – a member of a criminal organization
provides an illegal good or service.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
Specifically:











Extortion
Gambling
Loansharking
Theft, robbery and fencing
Sex business
Human trafficking
Drug business
Labor racketeering
Business racketeering
Money laundering
Legitimate business
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is Extortion?
This is obtaining money from people in
order to remain in business, be protected
against violence, or to monopolize a certain
territory. This may be in a form of street taxes
or rispetto.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is Gambling?
 This includes a wide array of games of chance and




sporting events on which wagers are made which
includes:
Bookmaking
Lotteries/Numbers game
Casino gambling
Miscellaneous gamblings e.g., bingo, poker
machine, video karera and fruit game
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is Bookmaking?
This is the “booking’ of bets on some
types of events – horse, and sometimes dog
races and sporting events such as football,
basketball, baseball, and boxing.
 Horse-race wagering – this is the oldest of
bookmaking activities.
 Sports wagering – this is considered as the king of
bookmaking. The sports bookmaker seeks to act
as a broker, not a gambler.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is loansharking?
This is the lending of money at exorbitant
interest rates. And if, the borrower will not be
able to pay on time, threats and violence will
be used by the loanshark in collecting debts.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is payday loansharking?
This is a form of salary lending wherein a
payday lender accepts a postdated check,
which is deposited after a specified period
usually during payday.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES

In recent times, the borrower will
surrender his ATM card to the lender and the
latter will be the one who will withdraw the
salary of the former. The lender will take the
amount due for that payday and give the rest
of the money to the borrower, if there is any.
The card will be in the lender’s possession
until the interest and the principal is paid.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What are the two basic types of usurious
loans?
 Knockdown – this requires a specified schedule of
repayment, including both principal and interest.
 Vig – this is a “six-for-five” loan. If a total
repayment of the vig loan, principal plus interest,
is not forthcoming on the date it is due, the
borrower must pay the interest, and the interest is
compounded for the following week.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What are the sex businesses of
organized crime groups?
 Prostitution
 Pornography
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
How organized crime groups make money
out of prostitution and pornography?
-Most organized crime groups do not usually
maintain brothels or prostitute houses or
pornography business rather they extort money
from these establishments for protection
against violence or from raids.
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
What is human trafficking or trafficking in
persons?
- This refers to the recruitment,
transportation, transfer or harboring, or receipt of
persons with or without the victim’s consent or
knowledge, within or across national borders by
means of threat or use of force, or other forms of
coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of
power or of position, taking advantage of the
vulnerability of the person, or the giving or
ORGANIZED CRIME ACTIVITIES
receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the
consent of a person having control over another
person for the purpose of exploitation which
includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the
prostitution of others or other forms of sexual
exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery,
servitude or the removal or sale of organs.
Human trafficking differs from people smuggling. In
the latter, people voluntarily request or hire an
individual, known as a smuggler, to covertly
transport them from one location to another.
This generally involves transportation from one
country to another, where legal entry would be
denied upon arrival at the international border.
There may be no deception involved in the (illegal)
agreement. After entry into the country and arrival
at their ultimate destination, the smuggled person
is usually free to find their own way.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Italian Organized Criminal Group
 Sicilian Mafia
 Camorra or Neapolitan Mafia
 ’Ndrangheta or Calabrian Mafia
Their criminal activities are international with members
and affiliates in Canada, South America, Australia, and
parts of Europe. They are also known to collaborate
with other international organized crime groups from
all over the world, especially in drug trafficking.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
An underground secret society formed initially
as resistance fighters against the invaders and to
exact frontier vigilante justice against
oppression.
 A member was known as a “Man Of Honor,”
respected and admired because he protected his
family and friends and kept silent even unto
death.

ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
 Charles “Lucky” Luciano
a Mafioso from Sicily, came to the U.S. during
this era and is credited for making the American La
Cosa Nostra what it is today. Luciano structured
the La Cosa Nostra after the Sicilian Mafia.
When Luciano was deported back to Italy in 1946
for operating a prostitution ring, he became a
liaison between the Sicilian Mafia and La Cosa
Nostra.
Luciano is considered the Father of Modern
Organized Crime in the United States for
splitting New York City into five different Mafia
crime families
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Sicilian Mafia (based in Sicily)
The Sicilian Mafia formed in the mid1800s to unify the Sicilian peasants against their
enemies. In Sicily, the word Mafia tends to
mean “manly.” The Sicilian Mafia changed from
a group of honorable Sicilian men to an
organized criminal group in the 1920s.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The Sicilian Mafia specializes in heroin
trafficking, political corruption, and
military arms trafficking—and is also
known to engage in arson, frauds,
counterfeiting, and other racketeering
crimes.
With an estimated 2,500 Sicilian Mafia
affiliates it is the most powerful and
most active Italian organized crime
group in the U.S.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The Sicilian Mafia is infamous for its aggressive assaults
on Italian law enforcement officials.
In Sicily the term “Excellent Cadaver” is used to
distinguish the assassination of prominent government
officials from the common criminals and ordinary
citizens killed by the Mafia.
High-ranking victims include police commissioners,
mayors, judges, police colonels and generals, and
Parliament members.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Camorra or Neapolitan Mafia (based in
Naples)
The word “Camorra” means gang. The
Camorra first appeared in the mid-1800s in Naples,
Italy, as a prison gang. Once released, members
formed clans in the cities and continued to grow in
power. The Camorra has more than 100 clans and
approximately 7,000 members, making it the
largest of the Italian organized crime groups.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
In the 1970s, the Sicilian Mafia convinced the
Camorra to convert their cigarette smuggling
routes into drug smuggling routes with the
Sicilian Mafia's assistance. Not all Camorra
leaders agreed, leading to the Camorra Wars
that cost 400 lives. Opponents of drug
trafficking lost the war.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
’Ndrangheta or Calabrian Mafia (based in
Calabria)
The word “’Ndrangheta” comes from the Greek
meaning courage or loyalty. The ’Ndrangheta
formed in the 1860s when a group of Sicilians was
banished from the island by the Italian
government. They settled in Calabria and formed
small criminal groups.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
They specialize in kidnapping and political
corruption, but also engage in drug
trafficking, murder, bombings,
counterfeiting, gambling, frauds, thefts,
labor racketeering, loansharking, and
alien smuggling.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
La Cosa Nostra
Literally translated into English it means
“this thing of ours.” It is a nationwide
alliance of criminals—linked by blood ties
or through conspiracy—dedicated to
pursuing crime and protecting its
members.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
La Cosa Nostra consists of different “families” or
groups that are generally arranged geographically
and engaged in significant and organized
racketeering activity. It is also known as the Mafia, a
term used to describe other organized crime groups.
The LCN is most active in the New York
metropolitan area, parts of New Jersey, Philadelphia,
Detroit, Chicago, and New England. It has members
in other major cities and is involved in international
crimes.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Today, La Cosa Nostra is involved in a broad
spectrum of illegal activities: murder,
extortion, drug trafficking, corruption of public
officials, gambling, infiltration of legitimate
businesses, labor racketeering, loan sharking,
prostitution, pornography, tax-fraud schemes,
and stock manipulation schemes.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The Genovese Crime Family
Named after legendary boss Vito Genovese, the
Genovese crime family was once considered the
most powerful organized crime family in the
nation.
Members and their numerous associates engaged
in drug trafficking, murder, assault, gambling,
extortion, loansharking, labor racketeering, money
laundering, arson, gasoline bootlegging, and
infiltration of legitimate businesses.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Genovese family members are also involved in
stock market manipulation and other illegal
frauds and schemes as evidenced by the
recent FBI investigation code named
“Mobstocks.”
The Genovese crime family has its roots in
the Italian criminal groups in New York
controlled by Joseph Masseria in the 1920s.
The family history is rife with murder, violence,
and greed.
Al-Qaeda
translation: "The Base" and alternatively
spelled al-Qaida and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a
global militant Islamist organization founded by
Osama bin Laden at some point between
August 1988.
 Al-Qaeda has attacked civilian and military
targets in various countries, including the
September 11 attacks, 1998 U.S. embassy
bombings and the 2002 Bali bombings. The U.S.
government responded to the September 11
attacks by launching the War on Terror. With the
loss of key leaders, culminating in the death of
Osama bin Laden, al-Qaeda's operations have
devolved from actions that were controlled from
the top-down, to actions by franchise associated
groups, to actions of lone wolf operators.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Asian Criminal Enterprises
The first of these groups evolved from Chinese
tongs—social organizations formed by early
Chinese-American immigrants. A century later, the
criminalized tongs are thriving and have been
joined by similar organizations with ties to East and
Southeast Asia.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Members of the most dominant Asian
criminal enterprises have ties—either
directly or culturally—to China, Korea,
Japan, Thailand, the Philippines,
Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Other
enterprises are emerging as threats,
however, including groups from the South
Pacific island nations.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
There are two categories of Asian criminal
enterprises. Traditional criminal enterprises
include the Chinese triads (or underground
societies) based in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and
Macau as well as the Japanese Yakuza or
Boryokudan.
Non-traditional criminal enterprises include
groups such as Chinese criminally influenced
tongs, triad affiliates, and other ethnic Asian
street gangs found in several countries with
sizeable Asian communities.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Balkan Criminal Enterprises
The term “Balkan Organized Crime” applies to
organized crime groups originating from or
operating in Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Croatia, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria,
Greece, and Romania.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
Philippine Organized Crime
Organized crime is a multibillion-peso
industry in the Philippines, its earnings, by
conservative estimates, equivalent to 10
to 20 percent of the Philippine gross
domestic product, or anywhere from P300
to P600 billion every year.
Pentagon Gang is not just one of the many
groups in the country that have made an
industry out of kidnapping-for-ransom.
Pentagon boss Marahomsar Faisal
What sets it apart is that it is made up of former
MNLF and MILF rebels trained in the art of
warfare, a group that has spawned copycat
gangs all over the country, not the least of
which is the dreaded Abu Sayyaf
 Some Pentagon leaders have also managed
to escape repeated arrest and detention,
raising the suspicion that local government
officials, the police, the military, or even
 Muslim rebels have either been protecting or
abetting its kidnapping activities. Most of all,
the gang has managed to put Mindanao in a
state of recurring terror, for whatever
purposes this may serve.
ORGANIZED CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATIONS
The Red Scorpion Group, which was into
kidnapping and bank robberies, was made up of
former NPA guerrillas. The notorious P50-Million
Gang, named after the amount of ransom that
its members demand from kidnap victims, has
an ex-NPA commander in its ruling council,
which is headed by a former bodyguard of an
Ilocano politico.
Abu Sayyaf
is one of several militant Islamist separatist groups
based in and around the southern Philippines, in
Bangsamoro (Jolo and Basilan), where for almost
30 years Muslim groups have been engaged in an
insurgency for an independent province in the
country.
The name of the group is derived from the
Arabic ,‫و‬abu ("father of") and sayyaf
("swordsmith"). The group calls itself "Al-Harakat
Al-Islamiyya" or the "Islamic Movement".
Kuratong Baleleng is an organized crime
syndicate in the Philippines that once was an
anti-communist vigilante group. They received
nationwide attention due to their alleged end in
a shootout with the Police on May 1995 in
Quezon City.
The group was originally established by the Philippine
military in 1986 to guard against the spread of communist
guerrillas in Misamis Occidental, Zamboanga del Norte and
Zamboanga del Sur provinces.
The first leader, chosen directly by the military, was
Ongkoy Parojinog, who allegedly used the group both for
its expressed purpose as well as to conduct illegal activities.
Parojinog was later killed by Philippine soldiers. When the
group was officially disbanded in 1988, they continued to
operate as an organized crime syndicate.
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