ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL PLANT DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1.0
SCOPE
Deviations
Section 2.0
CODES AND STANDARDS
Listing of covered codes
Section 3.0
DEFINITIONS
Section 4.0
GENERAL NOTES ON STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Section 5.0
DATA, REPORTS, RECORDS
Required reports and records
Section 6.0
DESIGN PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE
Design considerations and limits
Cold Service Tables
Section 7.0
PIPE SIZING CRITERIA
Pressure drop recommendations and design limits for equipment
Section 8.0
CORROSION / EROSION
Qualitative Guideline for corrosion of steel
Inlet Velocity Guidelines chart
Section 9.0
PIPING LAYOUT
Section 10.0
CLEARANCES
Spacing and clearance requirements for piping
Section 11.0
PIPING SUPPORTS
Section 12.0
INSTALLATION / FABRICATION
Above Ground Piping
Under-ground Piping
Section 13.0
FLANGES
Section 14.0
BENDS AND ELBOWS
Section 15.0
REDUCERS
Section 16.0
VENTS, DRAINS & BLOWDOWNS
Section 17.0
INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS
Date
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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Section 18.0
VALVES
18.1 General Notes
18.2 Check Valves
18.3 Chain Wheels
18.4 Cryogenic Stainless Steel Valves – Hydrocarbon Service
18.5 Emergency Block Valves – EBV
EBV Determination / Decision Tree
Section 19.0
WELDING
Section 20.0
WELDING DEFECTS
Section 21.0
INSPECTION – VISUAL / RADIOGRAPHY
Section 22.0
PRESSURE TESTING
Section 23.0
TEST BLINDS – Test Blind Thickness vs Test Pressure for Pipe
2” thru 36” Charts
Section 24.0
REPAIRS
Section 25.0
HOT TAPPING OR WELDING ON LINES AND EQUIPMENT CONTAINING
FLAMMABLES
Also see: “In-Service Welding and Hot Tap Standards and Procedures for Steel Pipe”
Section 26.0
NACE CONSTRUCTION
SSC Region given H2S and Operating Pressure
Stainless Steels acceptable for direct exposure to sour gas
Acceptable Tubing and Casing Material
Caustic Soda Service Graph
Section 27.0
WELDING OF LOW-STRENGTH CARBON STEEL
Section 28.0
CONVERSION OF USED PIPING OR PIPELINES TO SOUR-GAS SERVICE
Section 29.0
STRESS RELIEVING / HEAT TREATMENT
Methods and requirements
Also see: “Welding NDT Manual 800-105”-Post Weld Heat Treatment
Section 30.0
HARDNESS SURVEYS
Section 31.0
BRANCH CONNECTIONS FOR PLANT PIPING –
1/2” thru 36” Charts
Section 32.0
PIPING CLASS IDENTIFICATION AND LINKS TO PVF SPECS
PIPING, VALVES, FITTINGS (PVF) SPECIFICATION SHEETS
Section 33.0
VALVE IDENTIFICATION
RECOMMENDED VALVE MANUFACTURERS / VENDORS
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
1
SCOPE
1.1
This specification covers the general requirements for the design, materials, fabrication,
assembly, installation, heat treatment, examination, inspection, and testing of plant piping
systems.
1.2
Piping systems designated for compliance with codes and/or government regulations, other than
ANSI/ASME B31.3, are not covered by this specification.
1.3
Deviations
1.3.1
Certain paragraphs and/or sentences in this section with fixed requirements are denoted
the following letters:
1.3.1.1
1.3.1.2
1.3.1.3
MR – Mandatory due to Code or regulatory requirements
GP = Good Practices
CP = Company Policy – applies to all other paragraphs and sentences and are
considered to be “Mandatory due to Company Policy (CP)”. These paragraphs
are not always marked since most are “CP”.
1.3.2
Deviations of “MR” requirements shall be approved in writing by the Vice President (VP)
of Engineering. The VP shall consult with code or regulatory resource experts as needed.
1.3.3
Deviations of “CP” requirements shall be approved in writing by the VP of Engineering.
1.3.4
When the term “Company Approval” is required or specified in the specifications,
approval shall be in writing by the VP of Engineering.
1.3.5
Approved deviations of a CP and MR requirement shall have documentation in Project
Files and / or Job Data Books.
1.3.6
Deviations of specifications labeled “GP” requires written permission of Engineering
Manager. Written documentation shall be placed in the Project File and / or Job Data
Books.
1.3.7
Copies of deviation documentation shall be sent to VP of Engineering for future
specifications development.
1.4
If a specific specification is not listed or found here, a request for development of that specification
will be made to the VP of Engineering. A determination will then be made as to whether the
specification must be developed prior to implementation or a deviation can be granted.
1.5
The term “piping” includes all components of plant piping, including fittings which are threaded or
flanged, valves, specialties, service gaskets, and bolting.
1.6
In general, Pipelines, Instrumentation, Flare Lines and Relief Devices are covered in a separate
section of these Construction Specifications and Standards.
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1.7
The term “Company” is this specification, refers to Targa Resources unless otherwise noted.
Contractual requirements are found in other documents other than these specifications.
1.8
Conflicts between referenced standards and requirements of this specification shall be referred to
Company for clarification before proceeding with the design and fabrication of the affected parts.
CODES AND STANDARDS
References to Code in this specification shall mean the latest edition of the applicable Federal, State, and
Local Codes unless regulations stipulate a specific edition of a code or standard.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
American Petroleum Institute (API)
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
Manufacturer's Standardization Society (MSS)
2.1
ASME B31.3 for Plant Piping (U.S and Canadian operations)
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.1.12
2.1.13
2.1.14
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
ASME B16.5 for flange ratings and dimensions
API Standard 605 Section A for flanges NPS ≥24”
MSS – SP-6 for Flange Face Finishes
ASME B16.11 for socket welded and threaded fittings
ASME B16.9 for butt weld fittings
ASME B16.34 for valves
ASME B16.10 for valve end to end dimensions
ASME Pressure Vessel Codes Section VIII
ASME Welding Qualification Section IX
API 1104 Welding Qualifications
API 5L for Steel Linepipe
API RP 14E for Erosional Velocity Limits
API Standard 607 For Fire Testing of Valves
API 600, 607, 608, 609, 6A, 6D for Valves
NACE Standard MR-0175 (latest edition).
ASTM E-140 Standard Hardness Conversion Table for Metals
ASTM E-18-79 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
ASTM E-10-78
API 14E for offshore platform piping (Sizing criteria for liquids lines)
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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DEFINITIONS:
3.1
Amine Piping – Piping containing monoethylnolamine, diethylnolamine or similar amines.
3.2
Base Metal – The metal adjacent to a weld that is metallurgically unaffected by the welding
process.
3.3
Blanks- Flat plates permanently installed in a set of flanges and open to atmosphere on one side
3.4
Brinell Hardness – Hardness measure on a Brinell Tester – usually expressed as BHN- “Brinell
Hardness Number”.
3.5
Caustic Piping – Piping that contains sodium or potassium hydroxide in aqueous solutions.
3.6
DSAW – Double Submerged Arc Welded Pipe
3.7
Electrical Resistance Weld (ERW) – A longitudinal weld made during manufacturing by resistance
heating of the joint area followed by pressure welding.
3.8
Hardness – Resistance of a metal to plastic deformation usually measured by an indentation type
test.
3.9
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) – That portion of the base metal that was not melted during cutting or
welding, but which exhibits altered microstructure and properties due to the heat of the cutting or
welding process.
3.10
Microstructure – The structure of a metal as revealed by microscopic examination of a suitably
prepared specimen.
3.11
Fusion Zone – That portion of a weldment that has been completely melted. Sometimes called the
“weld metal”.
3.12
Residual Stress – Stress present in a component that is not caused by external mechanical,
thermal, or other loads.
3.13
Rockwell Hardness – A hardness measurement obtained by pressing an indenter into the steel
with a calibrated load. Several scales are used:
3.13.1 HRC – Hardness Rockwell “C” scale obtained with a cone-shaped diamond indenter with
a load of 150Kg.
3.13.2 HRB – Hardness Rockwell “B” scale obtained with a hardened steel ball indenter with a
load of 100Kg.
3.13.3 Other scales are used and conversion tables are listed in ASTM E-140.
3.14
Stress Relieving – Heating a metal to a suitable temperature and holding for a sufficient length of
time followed by uniform slow cooling to substantially reduce the residual stress level. Hardness is
frequently reduced also, particularly in the HAZ.
3.15
Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) – Brittle failure by cracking under the combined action of tensile
stress and corrosion in the presence of water and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
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3.16
Sour-gas – Gas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
3.17
Sour Service – Defined by NACE Standard MR-0175 (latest edition) and referenced by the Texas
Railroad Commission Rule 36 including, but not limited to, rich amine treating systems and sour
gas service. Other corrosive services include lean amine and caustic services – MR.
3.18
Tempering – Reheating a normalized or quench hardened ferrous alloy to a temperature below
the transformation range, holding at temperature for a suitable time, and then cooling at any rate
desired. In a weld the HAZ can be hardened by the weld heat cycle and stress relieving can
temper (or soften) the HAZ as well as reduce residual stresses.
3.19
Test Blind- Flat plates installed in a set of flanges for a hydrostatic test or other temporary use.
3.20
Weldment – An assembly whose components are joined by welding. A weldment includes both
weld metal and HAZ.
3.21
Weld Metal – Melted metal that solidified in the weldment.
GENERAL NOTES ON STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS:
4.1
All new process and utility piping systems shall be designed, fabricated, assembled, examined,
inspected, and tested in accordance with the latest edition of ANSI/ASME B31.3 “Chemical Plant
and Petroleum Refinery Piping”, and shall comply with design practices as defined within this
standard and with all mandatory national, state, and local laws.
4.2
Materials subject to welding shall be of weldable quality and intended for welding. Substitution of
materials for any parts shall not be allowed without prior Company Approval.
4.3
No component or piping system shall be reclaimed, reused, reconditioned, or rebuilt material
unless authorized in writing with Company Approval prior to installation.
4.4
Except as follows, all pipes shall be seamless. ERW pipe for classes A,B,C,& D 2”-24” may be
used for non-corrosive service. CAUTION: check B31.3 Table 302.3.4 15% derating on joint
efficiency factor. DSAW pipe is acceptable for all sizes. Typically used for 20” and larger.
4.5
Steam generation piping systems shall be designed, fabricated, assembled, examined,
inspected, and tested in accordance with ASME Section I, “Power Boilers”, latest edition. Steam
and boiler feed water piping beyond the scope of Section I shall be designed per B31.3.
4.6
Back welding (or seal welding) of any threaded piping will be done only by Company Approval.
Thread compound shall not be used on any joint that is seal welded-MR. Swage nipples joining
two different schedules of pipe shall be specified to match wall thickness of thicker pipe.
4.7
Threaded pipe nipples shall be minimum SCH 160 as specified in piping tables (PVF Tables) in
this section. Threaded nipples shall be long enough to be held with a pipe wrench when fittings
are in place on each end. Close and all-thread nipples shall not be used. Nipples used with
socket-welded fittings shall have plain ends.
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4.8
Piping joints shall normally be of welded construction, except where otherwise permitted by the
Specification or Standard.
4.9
The minimum pipe size shall be NPS 3/4, except for individual instrument leads, pump and
compressor auxiliary piping, steam tracing, and/or reduction at instruments or other equipment
normally provided with smaller than NPS 3/4 connections. Pipe sizes NPS 1-1/4, 2-1/2, 3-1/2,
and 5 shall not be used, except for connections to equipment requiring these sizes. Such piping
shall increase, as a minimum, to the next larger nominal pipe size within minimum practical
dimensioning.
4.10
2" and smaller maybe screwed or socketweld construction for Class A (ANSI 150). Socketweld
required when constructing to NACE, (see Section 26: NACE Construction). Connections and
valves are screwed or socket weld. Butt weld or flange connections maybe also be used. Vent,
drain and isolation valves to screwed systems are socketweld by screwed connections.
4.11
All steel lines larger than 2” for Class A (ANSI 150) or 1 ½” for all other Classes shall be fabricated
by welding (not screwed), using valves, flanges, and welding fittings as described in the attached
specifications.
4.12
Buried lines and lines installed in pipe racks shall use buttweld pipe with a minimum size of NPS
2”.
4.13
No bronze, brass, or cast iron is permitted for fittings, flanges or valves in hydrocarbon service or
any service except water. Malleable fittings are not allowed.
4.14
All screwed connections shall be sealed with pipe dope or Perma Seal 412 Teflon Tape or
equivalent. For temperatures from +30F to +550F, John Crane PLS-2, or equal may be used;
for -250F to +500F, John Crane JC-30, or equal should be used. (JC-30 is a TFE paste type
lubricant / sealant)
4.15
Temporary suction strainers shall be provided for pumps and compressors for use during start-up.
Mesh and steel gauge construction to be determined with manufacturer’s recommendations.
Piping shall be designed for adequate strainer removal. Strainers shall be designed for the
service, but in no case shall the strainer surface area be less than 150 percent of pipe surface
area.
4.16
Street elbows or threaded bushings are not permitted in process piping or utility piping.
4.17
When a line of a lower material specification is connected to a line or equipment of higher material
specification (e.g., more severe service), the connecting line shall be constructed of the higher
material specification up to and including the first valve in the connecting line. The higher
material specification shall be used up to and including the valve on the bypass around
equipment, as well as the upstream block valves and bypass valves at control valve manifolds.
4.18
All liquid piping at temperatures higher that 350F and all glycol piping above 300psig shall be
flanged or socket-welded. Slip-on, socket-welded and threaded flanges shall not be used above
500F or below 50F when severe temperature changes or cycling occurs -MR. Screwed fittings
with back welding may be used if approved by Engineering Manager.
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4.20
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Fittings having socketweld or threaded end connections shall be designed and manufactured in
accordance with the latest edition of ANSI/ASME B16.11-MR.
Valve packing, bonnet bolts and gaskets in hydrocarbon service to be furnished by the valve
manufacturer for the designed pressure and temperature.
4.21
Some valves listed are limited by temperature and may require special trim. See individual
manufacturer’s data for pressure/temperature ratings.
4.22
Valves shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the latest edition of ANSI/ASME
B16.34, unless otherwise noted. End-to-end dimensions shall comply with the latest edition of
ANSI/ASME B16.10.
4.23
Valves used in piping systems shall be selected from the attached valve manufacturer listing
(Section 33 pg 57). Equal material may be substituted with Company Approval only.
4.24
Flange facing finish for cast iron, ductile iron, and bronze shall be in accordance with MSS SP-6.
4.25
The flange facing finish for steel, nickel alloy, and other special alloys shall be in accordance with
ANSI/ASME B16.5.
4.26
Equipment with cast iron flanges shall have flat faced companions with full faced gaskets.
4.27
Weld neck flanges are preferred for all services larger than NPS 2; screwed or socket welded
fittings for NPS 2” and smaller; flanges can also be used with prior Company Approval.
4.28
Slip-on flanges may be substituted only when space limits. CAUTION: severe cyclic and corrosive
conditions limits use of slip-on flanges. See B31.3 code.
4.29
Teflon coated studs maybe used and is preferred in Gulf Coast and high humidity areas such as
water, steam, brine, boiler services for design temperatures ≤450F.
DATA, REPORTS and RECORDS
5.1
Records as outlined below and fully identified with the specific material or part of the piping they
represent shall be kept available for examination by Company. After completion of fabrication, all
these records shall be forwarded to Company.
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
Mill Test Reports (MTRs) for all pressure containing materials having hydrocarbons ≥
15psig, (including pipe).
Except as required in sub-paragraph 5.1.1, no material records are required for
components subject to Piping Code B31.3.
Welding procedure specifications (WPS), welder qualification test results, and Welding
procedure qualification test results (PQRs).
Pyrometer charts or records of stress relieving, etc.
Radiographic films and / or records. NDE records and Visual inspection documentation.
Records of hydrostatic and hardness tests (as appropriate and required).
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DESIGN PRESSURES AND TEMPERATURES
6.1
6.2
The design pressures and temperatures to be used as a basis for the design of piping systems
and the selection of piping materials and components shall be in accordance with the
requirements of ANSI/ASME B31.3 latest edition and attached Company piping specifications.
The basis for selection will be normal design unless short-time design must be considered for
reasons of safety - MR.
6.1.1
The maximum operating temperature and pressure that can exist due to normal
continuous process requirements shall be used for normal design
6.1.2
Temperature and pressure conditions more severe than normal design conditions that
may exist during start-up, shutdown, or interruption in normal operation shall be used for
short-time design.
6.1.3
Refrigeration system components shall be in conformance with ASME B31.3, latest
edition-MR, with consideration given to the extension of material temperature limits
outlined in Section 323.3.3a -MR.
When determining design pressure, the following shall also be considered:
6.2.1
Design pressure of the equipment to which the piping is connected.
6.2.2
Discharge piping of a centrifugal pump not protected by a pressure relief valve shall be
designed for at least maximum normal suction pressure plus maximum differential
pressure.
6.2.3
Suction and discharge valves, flanges and piping for all pumps and compressors shall
normally be designed for the connection flange rating on the equipment.
6.2.4
All piping systems operating below atmospheric pressure shall be designed for full
vacuum. Some systems may require a vacuum design due to startup or shut-down
procedures.
6.2.5
All piping leaving the process unit shall be designed for a closed valve condition at the
process unit limits.
6.2.6
Changes in pressure rating of piping systems shall only be made at relief or block valves.
The valves which divide two different pressure systems shall be rated for the higher
pressure service.
6.2.7
Block valves used on either side of control, check, bypass valves, and all piping up to
block and bypass valves shall be rated for the higher pressure service.
6.3
Pressure – Temperature Ratings for Steel Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings are incorporated into
each specific PVF Specification.
6.4
In no case shall the design piping temperature be less than the maximum allowable temperature
or above the minimum design temperature of connected equipment.
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Low temperature service. When typical carbon steel piping materials are used below the
temperatures listed in Table 6.5.1 and are thicker than that listed in the table, the material shall be
verified for low temperature service. Service temperatures above 32F are not affected by these
requirements. See Chapter III of ASME B31.3 Code for details. The Cold Service Table 6.5.2
shows material thickness and temperature limits for common piping materials. Table 6.5.3 shows
Cold Service Table for Bolting
TABLE 6.5.1: CARBON STEEL LOW TEMP SERVICE
If thickness is over:
And temperature is
1”
Below 32F
¾”
Below 15F
½”
Below -20F
Action Required
Verify low temp suitability
Verify low temp suitability
Verify low temp suitability
TABLE 6.5.2 :COLD SERVICE TABLE : (see footnotes below Table 6.5.3)
For thickness values greater than 1” use curve in B31.3. For unlisted materials see B31.3 Code
MATERIAL
ASTM A-53
Gr-B SMLS
ASTM A-106
Gr-B SMLS
API 5L Gr-B
SMLS (1)
ASTM A-105
Gr-B
ASTM A-216
Gr-WCB
ASTM A-234
Gr-WCB
ASTM A-350
Gr-LF1
ASTM A-333
Gr1 or Gr6
ASTM A-350
Gr-LF2
ASTM A-420
Gr-WPL6
ASTM A-420
Gr-WPL3
ASTM A-333
Gr3
ASTM A-350
Gr-LF3
ASTM A-182
Gr-F316
ASTM A-312
Gr-TP-304
or 304L
ASTM A-312
Gr-TP-316
or 316L
ASTM A-182
Gr-F304
Material Curve
or Min. Temp.
B
Down
to 32F
1”
Down
to -20F
0.5”
Down to
-50F(2)
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
DO NOT
USE
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
ALL
Down to
-150F
N/A
Down to
-250F
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
DO NOT
USE
N/A
DO NOT
USE
N/A
N/A
N/A
ALL
Down to
-30F (2)
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
DO NOT
USE
Impact
Test
Impact
Test
ALL
B
1”
0.5”
B
1”
0.5”
-20F
ALL
ALL
-20F
ALL
ALL
1”
0.5”
-20F
ALL
ALL
-50F
ALL
N/A
N/A
-50F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
N/A
-50F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
N/A
-150F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
-150F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
-150F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
-325F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
-425F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
-425F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
-425F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
B
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TABLE 6.5.3 COLD SERVICE FOR BOLTING: (see footnotes below table)
MATERIAL
COMPONENT
ASTM
A-193
Gr-B7
Bolts
ASTM
A-193
Gr-B7
Bolts
Down
Min.
to
Temp. -20F
-40F or 2 ½”
Down
to
-40F
2 ½”
-50F for
Q&T
-40F
>2 ½” 4”
– 4”
Down
to -50F
Impact
Test
or
Quench
and
Tempered
Impact
Test
or
Quench
and
Tempered
Down
to
-150F
N/A
Down
to
-250F
N/A
N/A
N/A
ASTM
Bolts
-50F
4”
4”
4”
N/A
N/A
A-193
Gr-B7M
ASTM
Bolts
-150F
A-320
Gr-L7
ASTM
Bolts
-325F
≤1 ½” ≤1 ½” ≤1 ½”
≤1 ½” ≤1 ½”
A-320
Gr-B8
ASTM
Nuts
-20F
ALL
Impact Impact
N/A
N/A
A-194 Gr-1
Test
Test
&2
Impact N/A
ASTM
Nuts
-50F
ALL
ALL
ALL
Test
A-194
Gr-2H
&
2HM
ASTM
Nuts
-150F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
N/A
A-194
Gr4,7
&
Gr7M
ASTM
Nuts
-425F
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
ALL
A-194 Gr-8
& 8A
Notes for Tables 6.5.2 & 6.5.3:
(1) For details of low temperature service – See Chapter III of ASME B31.3 Code
(2) Low Stress Exemption: Impact testing is NOT required below -120F but at or above -50F AND
maximum operating pressure will not exceed 25% of the maximum allowable design pressure
at ambient temperature and combined other stresses do not exceed 6KSI. Ref: ASME
B31.3-99 Table 323.2.2-Note1.
6.6
Design pressures for individual specifications shall be determined by the maximum operating
pressure plus 10% or 50 psig, whichever is greater.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
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PIPE SIZING CRITERIA
7.1
Line sizes shall be selected by product and flow rate considerations as defined below:
7.2
Gas, Vapor and Air Piping will be sized in accordance with the Weymouth formula for the following
maximum pressure drops, except for systems of ≤ 5psig, use Spitzglass formula:
7.2.1
Gas, Vapor, and Air Piping
For ≤ 5psig
Gas/Refrigerant Under 50 psig
Under 300 psig
300 to 1000 psig (when critical)
500 to 1,000 psig (not critical)
Over 1,000 psig
0.125psid/100’
0.15 psid / 100'
0.25 psid / 100'
0.50 psid / 100'
1.00 psid / 100'
1.50 to 2.00 psid / 100'
7.3
Reciprocating Compressor Piping: (unless pulsation study dictates otherwise)
Suction Lines
0.125psid / 100'
Suction Headers
0.25 psid /100'
Discharge Headers
Use Section 7.3
Max velocity
3,000 ft/min
7.4
Centrifugal Compressor Piping:
Suction Header - Gas
Suction Header - Refrigerant
Discharge Headers - Gas & Refrig.
0.50 psid / 100'
0.125psid / 100'
Use Section 7.3
Reciprocating Pump Piping:
For ≤250RPM: Design Suction Header Velocity
For ≤250RPM: Design Disch Header Velocity
2 ft/sec
6 ft/sec
7.6
For 250-300RPM: Design Suction Header Velocity 1.5 ft/sec
For 250-300RPM: Design Disch Header Velocity 4.5 ft/sec
For ≥330RPM: Design Suction Header Velocity
For ≥330RPM: Design Disch Header Velocity
7.7
1 ft/sec
3 ft/sec
Centrifugal Pump Piping: (as determined using Fanning equation with E equal to 0.0002
feet.) Suction piping for pumps shall be liberally sized for conservative NPSH
considerations
Suction Header
Discharge Header
Design Suction Header Velocity
Design Disch Header Velocity
1.0 psid/ 100’
3.0 to 5.0 ft. Liq. / 100' or 1.0 psid / 100'
2-3 ft/sec
6-9 ft/sec
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
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7.8
7.9
8
13
Reboiler Piping
Liquid to reboiler
Vapor from kettle reboiler
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1.00 ft. Liq. / 100'
0.125 psid / 100'
0.25 psid / 100' or dispersed flow
Recommended Water Piping Line Sizes: GP
12-27 GPM
28-47 GPM
48-110 GPM
111-190 GPM
191-420 GPM
≥430GPM
calculate based on
Hazen & Williams formula using C equal to 100.
1”
2”
3”
4”
6”
≤ 1psid per 100’ as determined by
7.10
Liquid Hydrocarbon Piping with Control Valves in the system where there is unlimited pressure
drop should be sized for 3.0 to 15.0 ft / sec velocity. Amine & Glycol carbon steel piping systems
should be sized for 3.0 to 6.0 ft / sec.
7.11
Liquid Hydrocarbon Pump Piping: Process lines which are in the two-phase region will be sized to
accommodate a turndown of 2 in plant throughput before becoming unstable in the vertical runs:
7.12
The erosional velocity shall not be exceeded and shall be calculated per API RP 14E. The
erosional velocity equals an empirical constant (100) divided by the square root of the fluid density
(see Table 8.4 below).
7.13
Fluid flowing in piping shall not exceed 10,000 Lbm / (ft * sec) (Rho V squared). In depth
guidelines, equations, charts and reference material is detailed in API RP 14E.
7.14
Branch connections shall comply with the chart in Section 31 in this Standard.-MR.
CORROSION / EROSION
8.1
This Section defines the characteristics of gas for use in determining when internal corrosion
prevention measures should be instituted in the design and construction of facilities.
8.2
Sour-gas piping shall have a minimum corrosion allowance of 1/16” wall thickness if the
temperature is below the water dew point, or exceeds 500F.
8.3
Gas containing water in liquid phase and at least one of the following components is considered to
be potentially corrosive. A combination of two or more components with water in liquid phase may
be potentially corrosive at lower concentrations. The concentrations above which corrosion will
occur will be higher in dry gas (gas having water vapor below the point of saturation).
8.3.1
8.3.2
H2S concentration greater than 1.0 grain per 100 SCF (16 ppm or 0.0016% by volume).
CO2 concentration greater than 12 psia partial pressure regardless of total pressure at
operating temperatures up to 60°F. The limit should be lower at higher operating
temperatures and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. CO2 concentration
expressed as mole percent is the partial pressure of CO2 as a percentage of total
pressure of the gas mixture (e.g., for a gas pipeline at 500 psia, 12 psia/500 psia = 0.024
mole fraction or 2.4 percent).
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
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8.3.3
8.3.4
8.3.5
8.3.6
8.3.7
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O2 concentration greater than 50 ppm.
Aqueous solution containing chlorides in concentrations greater that 500 ppm.
Liquids or materials having a pH less than 6.0.
Produced liquids containing sulfate reducing or acid producing micro biological colonies
with culture tests indicating over (10) colonies per milliliter are considered to be
potentially corrosive.
TABLE 8.3.7: Summary of 8.3.1 thru 8.3.6: Contaminant Corrosive Concentrations
Contaminant
Oxygen (O2)
Chlorides
Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S)
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)
Liquids pH
Sulfate Reducing or
Acid Producing
bacteria
Limits when H2O in Liquid Phase Present
>50ppm
>500ppm
>16ppm
>12psia partial pressure (see note 8.3.2 above)
<6.0pH
Culture tests indicating over (10) colonies per milliliter
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TABLE 8.4 Erosion Inlet Velocity Guidelines
Reference: API 14E Table 2.3
Ve = C / sq rt of PM
Ve = Fluid Velocity in ft/sec
C = 100 for continuous service and 125 for intermittent service
PM = Gas / Liquid density at flowing pressure and temperature in lbs / cu ft.
9
PIPING LAYOUT
9.1
All process and utility piping shall be located above grade were possible with the exception that
drain lines, sewers and cooling water lines may be buried.
9.2
All buried lines should be North, South, East or West. The North-South lines should have a center
line three feet below finished grade and the East-West lines should have a center line one-foot,
six-inches below finished grade unless weather conditions dictate deeper burial. Lines will be
grouped together where possible to form lanes – GP
9.3
All piping shall be routed for the shortest practical run but shall include a sufficient number of
fittings for expansion, flexibility, and access by personnel and maintenance equipment. Pockets
shall be avoided in all lines where possible.
9.4
All lines inside process unit limits shall preferably be run side by side on overhead pipe supports.
Lines outside process unit limits may be run on sleepers.
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9.5
When a single line divides for parallel flow through heat exchangers, furnaces, pumps,
compressors, etc., the piping shall be symmetrical or the equivalent length of pipe shall be equal
on each side of the split as far as it is practical. The outlet piping shall be designed in the same
manner.
9.6
Branch connections shall normally be at a 90 degree intersection to the run pipe.
9.7
All piping shall be arranged to facilitate support. Where possible, all lines shall be run at
elevation intervals which would enable them to be supported on common structural steel
supports.
9.8
Piping shall be laid out and supported so that equipment such as control valves, relief valves,
startup strainers, pump casings, heat exchanger bundles, compressor pistons, etc., can be
removed with a minimum amount of dismantling and without providing additional supports.
Access to manholes and access openings shall not be obstructed.
9.9
Control valves and instrumentation devices shall be accessible from platforms or grade.
9.10
All valves should be accessible from grade or platforms. Manually operated valves should be
accessible at grade-GP.
CLEARANCES
10.1
The minimum overhead clearances to the underside of flanges, insulation, or structural supports
and members shall be as follows:
Road Crossings
16'-0"
Main Pipe Rack
10'-0"
Platforms and Operating Area
7'-6"
Railroad Crossings
22’-0” or as required by Railroad
Min distance between decks in any given direction 4’
Min. distance between intersecting decks
2’
Gas compressor suct & disch headers and lines
12” min. above grade (except for
skid grating)
10.2
The minimum pipe spacing in pipeways shall be the greatest of: (1) flange to pipe plus 1"; (2)
flange to insulation plus 1"; or (3) flange insulation to pipe or insulation plus 1". Thermal
movements shall be taken into consideration in determining side clearances. Consideration shall
be given for thermal movement of all pipe located in interconnecting pipeways.
10.3
The minimum horizontal walkway clearance between piping and any maintenance access for
mechanical equipment shall be 3 feet-6 inches. Platforms, stiles, walks, etc should be provided
where piping interferes with accessibility. This does not apply to skid units.
10.4
Buried lines shall normally have a minimum clearance of 6" from foundations. Where lines must
pass through foundations, they shall be sleeved. Minimum cover for buried lines containing
fluids subject to freezing shall be equal to the frost line depth or twelve (12) inches, whichever is
greater.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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PAGE:
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Piping at equipment such as exchangers, pumps, compressors, turbines, etc. shall be arranged to
permit equipment removal without dismantling adjacent equipment or piping, except for flange
bolts. Adequate access shall be provided for cleaning equipment, inspection, removal and
replacement of equipment components.
PIPE SUPPORTS
11.1
Complete standardization of pipe support design is not considered practical due to the possible
configurations which result when considering the combinations of pipe sizes which may be
installed on a single support and varying soil and load conditions. Therefore, this standard is
intended to provide criteria which should be considered in the design and basic pipe support
configurations. Pipe supports should be designed in accordance with B31.3 requirements.
11.2
The pipe and all metal surfaces of the hold-down assembly shall be painted in accordance with
project requirements and Painting and Coatings Section of these Specifications.
11.3
Final adjustment of hold-down straps should be made at operating temperature. Final adjustment
includes shimming of gaps in the hold-down assembly, if necessary, and tightening of the
hold-down straps.
11.4
Pipe shall not be supported by hangers unless Company Approved.
11.5
Expansion bends, anchors, pipe cold-spring and pipe supports shall be in accordance with ASME
Code B31.3, latest edition – MR
11.6
Hot insulated lines shall be provided support where defined by thermal expansion analysis. Steel
shoes will serve as bearing members and shall extend beyond the insulation permitting pipe
movement without disturbing the insulation. Shoe-bearing plates shall be 100% longer than
calculated expansion requires. – GP.
11.7
Cold-insulated lines shall be provided with Micarda Board shoes or insulated shoe banded to the
pipe at points where pipe will be supported. These shoes will serve as bearing members and shall
extend beyond the insulation permitting pipe movement. Insulated boxes shall be provided. – GP.
11.8
Where U-bolts are used to limit pipe movement or vibration, insulators should be installed
between the pipe and support and the U-bolt and pipe.
11.9
Reciprocating compressor suction and discharge layout and piping supports should be verified by
a pulsation study.
11.10 Compressor suction and discharge piping or other piping with excessive vibrations shall be
supported with shoes or clamps designed to wear in place of pipe and the pipe shall not be
welded to any supports.
11.11 Pipe supports required to be welded to piping shall be fabricated only by code-qualified welders.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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INSTALLATION / FABRICATION
12.1
Above Ground Piping
12.1.1 Above-ground piping will be installed by the design methods of this specification.
12.1.2 If piping requires insulation, insulation will be done in accordance with the Insulation
Section of these Specifications
12.1.3 If piping requires no insulation, all surfaces will be painted in accordance with the
Painting and Coatings Section of these Specifications.
12.2
Under-ground Piping
12.2.1 All buried piping shall be protected from external corrosion by coating in accordance with
the Painting and Coatings Section these Construction Standards and Specifications
12.2.2 All buried piping shall be protected from external corrosion to a level of 8” minimum above
grade level.
12.2.3 Buried coated piping shall be cathodic protected either by plant system or sacrificial
systems-GP.
12.2.4 All buried piping entering a plant site shall be isolated from the Plant Cathodic Protection
Systems.
12.3
In addition to the tolerances covered by the related code or specifications, the following
tolerances shall apply:
12.3.1 When a piping assembly includes two or more flanges, all specified dimensions involved
in the relative positions of the flanges, each to the others, shall have linear dimensions
maintained within ± 1/8”, angular dimensions within ± 2°, and alignment of facings or
ends shall not deviate from the indicated position, measured across any diameter, more
than 3/64” per foot.
12.3.2 The maximum allowable gap between reinforcing pads and the curvature of the pipe shall
not be more than 1/8”.
12.4
The fabricator shall scarf and otherwise prepare the welding ends that are to be welded by others.
The profiles of such welding ends shall be in accordance with ASME B16.25, unless otherwise
specified – MR.
12.5
In addition to the requirements of the Code, etc. the following requirements shall be observed:
12.5.1 In locating field welds, the fabricator shall locate the welds at least one-foot from
obstructions.
12.5.2 Circumferential joints and longitudinal joints shall be so located as to clear large openings
and external attachments. The longitudinal joints in adjoining courses shall be staggered.
12.5.3 All reinforcement pads (if of the built-in type, then each segment thereof) for pressure
openings shall be provided with two ¼” diameter holes for testing and venting. Pads for
structural attachments shall be provided with one ¼” diameter hole in each segment for
venting.
12.5.4 Taper-boring due to internal misalignment is to be avoided, unless misalignment exceeds
1/16”.
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12.5.5 Where ends are to be joined and the internal misalignment exceeds 1/16”, the
component with the wall extending internally shall be internally trimmed so that adjoining
internal surfaces are approximately flush. However, this trimming shall not result in a
piping component wall thickness less than the MINIMUM design thickness, plus
corrosion allowance.
12.5.6 Minimum distance between adjacent girth welds shall be 2” for pipe sizes ≤4” and shall be
one pipe diameter for larger sizes – GP.
12.6
13
14
15
Joining of galvanized steel to any austenitic stainless steel (300 Series) piping by welding is
prohibited. Welding of painted carbon steel having zinc-rich primers to austenitic stainless steel
piping is prohibited unless a cleaning procedure is used that is Company Approved prior to
welding.
FLANGES
13.1
Flanges of ANSI/ASME pressure class 400 shall not be used except as required to connect to
purchased equipment or to match existing piping.
13.1
Flanges shall be installed as close as practicable to the equipment for "breakout" connections.
13.2
Bolt holes shall straddle natural centerlines. Bolt holes which do not straddle the centerline of
flanged valves or fittings shall be noted on the piping drawings.
BENDS AND ELBOWS
14.1
Changes in direction of welded piping systems shall normally be made with long radius welding
ells (1-1/2 diameter radius). Pipe bends with a minimum radius of five pipe diameters are also
acceptable, where design permits. A greater bend radius may be required because of material,
nominal pipe size, or nominal wall thickness. Short radius welding ells are permissible only where
required by space limitations.
14.2
Elbows maybe trimmed or special pipe bends made for odd angle changes in direction.
14.3
Miter bends are acceptable for use in large diameter, low pressure, (<60psig) non-flammable
services. They may be used for water, flue gas ducts, vacuum, exhaust steam, and air if cost
effective when compared with pipe bends or factory made buttwelded fittings.
REDUCERS
15.1
In welded piping systems, buttweld reducers shall normally be used for line size reduction.
15.2
Reducing flanges are acceptable only when used as entry connections, etc., for services where
pressure drop or turbulence is not a consideration.
Eccentric reducers shall be installed belly up to maintain level pipe bottoms on horizontal runs,
except horizontal suction lines to pumps in non-slurry service shall have the belly turned down.
Pipe reducers at pump suctions shall be eccentric with orientation to eliminate vapor locking.
15.3
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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VENTS, DRAINS AND BLOWDOWNS
16.1
Blowdown and vent piping should preferably be connected to flare system or vent system. If local
blowdown or venting is necessary, then the blow down point must be taken to a safe location. The
valve and piping shall be adequately supported to resist thrust forces of rapid depressurizations.
The support shall be as close to blowdown or vent valve as possible. Vent direction shall be
selected to resist unscrewing of screwed piping.
16.2
All lines shall have high point vents and low point drains for testing purposes. Drains and vents
shall be 3/4" NPT, connections shall be screwed or socketweld as required by the specification,
complete with block valves and hex head plugs.
16.3
Vents and drains on insulated piping shall be 3/4" NPT socketweld connections complete with
3/4" nipples and threaded block valves and hex head plugs. Long nipples can be used to allow
threaded connections and valves to be located outside any insulation. These lengths shall be
specified on the piping isometric.
16.4
Any vent or drain required for plant operation shall be sized and shown on flow diagrams.
16.5
Closed drains shall be considered when a hazardous liquid or vapor might be released in an
operating area.
16.6
Open drains shall comply with the following:
16.6.1 Main lines and laterals shall be 4" minimum. Funnels shall be 6" minimum and installed 6"
above high point of finished grade.
16.6.2 Funnels shall be visible from the drain valve.
16.6.3 Drain lines shall have a minimum slope of 12" per 100 feet; cleanout connections shall
normally be placed at 100 foot intervals. Cleanouts shall be the same nominal size as
the line they serve.
16.6.4 Gate valves shall be used on drains and vents smaller than 1”.
16.6.5 All drains on pressure vessels shall be double-valved with gate valves above globe
valves.
16.6.6 Vapor blowdowns shall be installed on all pump suction, as near to the pump as is
practical. Drains shall be installed on pump discharges to facilitate draining and
de-pressuring equipment before maintenance.
17
INSTRUMENT CONNECTIONS
17.1
Sufficient sample connections, orifice flanges with plates, thermometers and thermo-wells,
pressure connections with isolation valves and pressure gauges will be provided for testing the
plant and equipment for efficient operations.
17.2
Meter and instrument piping in all hydrocarbon service and instrument air service above 75psig
shall be either XH (extra heavy) seamless pipe with steel fittings, or seamless or welded
cold-finished annealed stainless steel tubing with steel fittings. For instrument air service below
75psig, either standard seamless pipe and steel fitting or seamless or welded cold-finished
annealed stainless steel tubing with a minimum wall thickness of .035” with steel fittings may be
used. Tape type thread compound shall not be used on instrument piping. Tubing fittings will be
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Swagelock or Company Approved equal, 304 stainless steel or better in sweet gas applications
and 316 stainless steel in sour gas applications.
18
17.3
All instrument gauge yokes shall have individual isolation valves.
17.4
Pressure gage connections shall be 3/4" NPT unless otherwise specified.
sockolets shall be used for the piping connection).
17.5
Test connections shall be 3/4" NPT unless otherwise specified. (Threadolets or sockolets shall
be used for the piping connection).
17.6
Temperature connections, such as TW, TI, TIC, TRC, etc., shall be 3/4" NPT. Nip-o-let shall be
used for instrument connections in 90 ells and for line mounted temperature connections. These
couplings shall also be used on insulated piping to allow instruments to be located outside any
insulation. Connections installed in piping with an operating temperature below 32F shall be in a
horizontal position.
17.7
Instrument connections in socketweld services shall be screwed beyond the first block valve off of
process piping. Equipment connections, where available, may be used for instrument
connections
(Threadolets or
VALVES
18.1
General Notes
18.1.1 Control and bypass valves shall be sized for the service. Piping between block valves
shall be designed for control valve removal. A drain or vent valve shall be provided to
relieve fluids trapped between isolating valves.
18.1.2 Valves that are used to separate specification products should be double-block
and bleed.
18.1.3 Valves with bonnets U-bolted to the bodies are not acceptable.
18.1.4 Valves in amine, glycol, acid or caustic service should be located below eye level if
possible.
18.1.5 Stem positions of all valves should not be below the horizontal.
18.1.6 All valves which require frequent operation, are critical to plant operations, or need to be
operated quickly shall be accessible from grade, platforms, or stairways. This includes
main header block valves for process piping conveying flammable materials.
18.1.7 Frequently operated valves in trenches shall be provided with extension stems extending
to within 4 inches below the cover plate if the handwheels are more than 12 inches below
the cover plate.
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18.1.8 Manually operated valves which are used in conjunction with locally mounted flow
indicators shall be arranged such that the flow indicators are readable from the valve
location.
18.1.9 Ball valves and butterfly valves may be used in selected cases. For either wrench or
worm gear operations, each valve shall have an indicator to indicate the open and closed
positions of the valve. The indicator shall be visible at all intermediate positions of the
valve. The indicator shall be made such that it is impossible to install it incorrectly or to
remove it from the valve without making the valve inoperable. The valve operator shall be
constructed such that it cannot be installed incorrectly.
18.1.10 Globe valves shall be used for throttling service in pipe sizes up to 6". For pipe sizes
above 6" “V” ball valves are preferred.
18.1.11 Gate valves shall be used for insulated block applications in 1-1/2" and smaller process
gas systems or where elevated temperature and other service conditions prohibit the use
of ball and trunnion wafer valves.
18.1.12 Gate or ball valves shall be used as block valves on all equipment which requires blocking
and de-pressuring to perform a routine maintenance or inspection function-GP.
18.1.13 Full port valves shall be used in the following services and conditions:
18.1.13.1
Lines to be cleaned using internal scrapers.
18.1.13.2
Lines to be pigged
18.1.13.3
As required for meters in gas services per AGA Report No. 3,
revision.
18.1.13.4
As required per meter vendor in liquid services.
18.1.13.5
Upstream and downstream of all relief valves.
18.1.13.6
Hot Tap applications
18.1.13.7
Analyzer probes
latest
18.1.14 Butterfly valves shall be rotated through a complete cycle to ensure that the disc will clear
the adjacent piping components without jamming or binding.
18.1.15 Socketweld Valve seats shall be protected from damage when welded into piping.
18.1.16 Tables 18.1.17 & 18.1.18 below list various valves and valve operators. Section 32.1 pg
58 shows valve brands typically used by the Company- GP
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TABLE: 18.1.17 VALVE USES AND PRECAUTIONS
Type of Valve
Ball
Ball
Gate
Gate-rising stem
Gate
Plug
Butterfly
Butterfly
Globe
Needle
Swing Checks
Piston Checks
Typical Use
On-Off
On-Off
On-Off
Coarse
throttling
Precautions
Above 180F check seat compatibility
Not for throttling service
Not for vibrating service
Stems can corrode in wet or humid areas
Not for throttling service
Similar to Ball Valves
May not seal leak tight when closed
Use handle detents for vibrating service
Fine throttling
Throttling small Passages may plug easily
volumes,
instruments
Most all
Not for pulsating service
services
Good for
Do not use for dirty service
pulsating
service
TABLE: 18.1.18 VALVE OPERATOR TYPES
Type of Valve
Type of Operator
Ball Valves & Plug Valves:
150# thru 400# - ≥10”
Manual Gear
600# thru 900# - ≥6”
Manual Gear
1500# and up - ≥4”
Manual Gear
Shut down Valves:
Actuated
Centrifugal Compr – inlet & disch – Close
Actuated
on shutdown
Divert and blowdown
Actuated
Frequently Operated Valves:
150# - ≥16”
300# & 400# - ≥12”
600# & 900# - ≥10”
1500# - ≥8”
18.2
Actuated
Actuated
Actuated
Actuated
CHECK VALVES
18.2.1 Check valves shall be installed in the discharge piping of all pumps and compressors.
18.2.2 Non-slam Piston type check valves shall be used in reciprocating compressor and pump
discharge piping and in similar installations where fluid pulsations may occur.
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18.2.3 Check valves shall be used where steam, water, or chemical injection lines are
permanently tied into process lines or equipment.
18.2.4 In no case shall a check valve serve as a substitute for a block valve for flow isolation
purposes.
18.2.5 Wafer check valves located in horizontal lines shall be installed with the hinge pin in the
vertical position.
18.2.6 Check valves in fluid services that are subject to freezing conditions when closed shall be
protected against freezing by providing valved boss drains, heat tracing, or other
preventative measures.
18.2.7 Check valves may be used for both horizontal and vertical piping installations. However,
swing check valves in vertical piping shall be installed for upward flow only. If a check
valve is to be used in vertical service it is to be so specified on the purchase order.
18.3
CHAINWHEELS
18.3.1 All valves, NPS 6 and larger, with an expected differential pressure greater than 300 psid
shall be operable from grade or platform without the use of chainwheels.
18.3.2 Chainwheels are not normally required on utility header block valves.
18.3.3 Process valves on which the centerline of the stem is more than 7 feet above the
pavement or platform level, shall be provided with remote operating devices such as
chainwheels (for greater than NPS 2) or extension stems to permit ease of operation.
Chainwheels shall not be used on threaded end valves.
18.3.4 Chains shall hang to within 3 feet of the operating level, and they shall be attached to
columns or walls so as not to obstruct passageways.
18.3.5 Plant experience and/or manufacturer recommendation shall determine the need for
impact type chainwheels. Only steel handwheels shall be used with impact type
chainwheels.
18.4
CRYOGENIC STAINLESS STEEL VALVES - Hydrocarbon Service
18.4.1 Gate valves with 6" extended bonnet and stems shall be preferred for in line block service
in pipe sizes 3" and smaller. Drain and instrument block valves shall have standard
bonnets.
18.4.2 All vent and drain valves shall extended nipples long enough to get outside insulation.
These lengths shall be specified on the piping isometric.
18.4.3 High performance trunnion wafer valves with 6" extended shafts shall be preferred for
block service in pipe sizes 4" and larger.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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18.4.4 Globe valves with 6" extended bonnet and stems shall be preferred for throttling services
up to a 6" pipe size. For pipe sizes above 6", the use of extended bonnet and stem gate
valves or high performance trunnion wafer valves is preferred. If gate valves are to be
used, it is necessary to check with the manufacturer to verify if stem extensions are
required.
18.4.5 All isolation process block valves to both the expander and the expander / compressor
shall be ANSI shutoff Class 4. If butterfly, they shall be a “Lug” design valve; this applies
to both manual and automated valves.
18.5
EMERGENCY BLOCK VALVES (EBV)
18.5.1 Ball and butterfly valves shall be "firetested" per API Standard 607 and used in
services within manufacturer's pressure/temperature ratings. Ball valves shall be
designed and manufactured in accordance with the latest edition of API Standard
608. Butterfly valves shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the
latest edition of API Standard 609.
18.5.2 EBV Classifications:
18.5.2.1 “A” – Manually Operated, Fire Safe, Ignition not expected
18.5.2.2 “B” – Manually Operated, Fire Safe, ≤8” up to ANSI 300, ≥25 ft from potential
leak source
18.5.2.3 “C” – Power Operated, Fire Safe, >8” or above ANSI 300, ≥25ft from potential
leak source
18.5.2.4 “D” – Remote Operated, Fire Safe, remote activation located ≥40ft from
potential leak source.
18.5.3 EBV Determination / Decision Tree: See Below
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
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Date
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
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WELDING
19.1
All welding shall conform to the requirements of ASME Code for Pressure Piping B31.3 (latest
edition) - MR.
19.2
Qualifications of welders and welding operators and the procedures that they employ, shall be in
accordance with ASME, Section IX of the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code – MR.
19.3
For additional and specific welding information see the “Welding Manual” section of Targa’s
Construction Standards and Specifications.
WELD DEFECTS
20.1
21
27
Revision
For additional and specific information on welding defects see the “Welding Manual” section of
Targa’s Construction Standards and Specifications.
INSPECTION – VISUAL / RADIOGRAPHY
21.1
All shop and field welds shall receive a complete visual inspection in accordance with detailed
requirements of ASME B31.3 – MR. Intermediate weld passes may be visually examined at the
option of the inspector. The visual inspection shall be documented and the documentation kept in
the Project Files or Job Books.
21.2
Welded piping joints shall be examined by X-ray and interpreted in accordance with ANSI/ASME
B31.3. Each X-ray shall record the weld number, the welder identification, pipe size, and line
number. All film or examination data shall be retained in job books and documents.
21.3
Any piping systems requiring 100% radiograph will be designated in the piping design and
material specifications.
21.4
Company may radiograph any welds it wishes, to determine the quality of the weld and/or the
extent of weld defects.
21.5
Company may request other percentages of radiographic inspection in obtaining quotations for
fabrication. This inspection will include the following:
21.5.1 Radiographic qualification procedures shall comply with ASME B31.3 – MR.
21.5.2 A copy of Qualification of Procedure Report, together with copies of the test radiography
shall be submitted to Company.
21.5.3 A minimum of three (3) radiographs per weld shall be used in qualifications of procedures
and examination of production radiograph.
21.5.4 A complete set of radiographs and test records shall be forwarded to Company upon
completion of job.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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53
PRESSURE TESTING
22.1
The method and extent of inspection and requirements for hydrostatic pressure tests shall be in
accordance with Chapter VI or ASME B31.3 – MR. and the Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Testing
Guide and Procedures section of Targa’s Construction Standards and Specifications.
22.2
Upon completion of fabrication and stress relieving, if required, the piping shall be hydrostatically
tested.
22.3
Records of pressure tests shall be made and submitted. Records shall contain:
22.3.1 Date of Test
22.3.1.1 Start Time of Test
22.3.1.2 End Time of Test
22.3.2 Identification of Piping System
22.3.2.1 Applicable drawing number
22.3.3 Test Fluid
22.3.4 Test Pressure
22.3.5 Ambient Temperature
22.3.6 Test Gauge ID# and certification date
22.3.7 Certification of Results by Examiner
22.3.7.1 Tested By
22.3.8 Comments
22.4
The test pressure for the piping shall not be less than the requirements of ASME B31.3 latest
edition, and/or State and Federal rules and regulations. Wherever possible, the test pressure
shall be determined from the lowest pressure-rated component of the piping system rather than
the design pressure.
22.5
Minimum hydrostatic test pressure shall be 1 ½ times for metallic systems with a maximum test
pressure limited to 10% or 100psig over design test pressure whichever is less.
22.6
Minimum pneumatic test pressure shall not be less than 1.1 times the design pressure and shall
not exceed the lesser of 1.33 times the design pressure or the pressure that would produce the
nominal pressure stress or longitudinal stress in excess of 90% of the yield strength of any
component at the test temperature.
22.7
Testing time shall be 1-hour or time required to inspect all weld joints and connections, whichever
is greater.
22.8
If potable water from municipal sources is to be used for hydrostatic pressure testing, a detailed
one time water analysis for pH and chlorides content needs to be performed prior to hydrostatic
testing. Water used for hydrostatic testing shall be potable with pH between 6.5 and 7.5. For
hydrostatic pressure testing of austenitic materials, i.e. low carbon alloy steels, the chloride
content of the test water shall not exceed 50 ppm by mass to prevent chloride stress corrosion
cracking. If the water is above the acceptable limit of chloride, a softening system may be
employed to correct the chloride content. However, water from a reverse osmosis system shall
not be used for the pressure testing.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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When pneumatic testing is requested N2 or air maybe used with N2 being the preferred medium.
22.10 Test Gauges shall be certified and calibrated to a range between 25% and 75% of test pressure.
22.11 Reinforcing pads on pressure openings shall be tested with air at approximately 50 psig. All
welded surfaces on the inside and outside subjected to such air pressure tests shall be swabbed
with soap solution to aid in detecting leaks. Test openings shall not be plugged after the test.
23
BLANKS AND TEST BLINDS
23.1 Definitions:
23.1.1 Blanks: Flat plates permanently installed in a set of flanges and open to atmosphere on
one side is called a BLANK. See B31.3 for calculations.
23.1.2 Test Blinds: Flat plates installed in a set of flanges for a hydrostatic test or other temporary
use are called TEST BLINDS. The test blinds are removed after the test or other
temporary service. Maximum allowable test pressures are shown in Table: 23.2 below.
Calculations are based on plate material with 36,000 psi minimum yield strength such as
A36 steel and stresses are limited to 48,000 psi for radial and 32,000 tangential.
Interpolation is permitted.
23.2 If a reduction in thickness is required or necessary from listed tables, Project Engineer must
calculate, approve and document required test plate thickness before proceeding.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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TABLE: 23.2: Test Blind Thickness vs. Test Pressure for Carbon Steel Pipe
TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
Pipe
Size
Pipe
Sch
¼”
2”
40
3745
2”
80
4255
2”
160
5622
2”
XXS
7083
3”
40
1699
3824
3”
80
1902
4280
3”
160
2323
5228
3”
XXS
3024
6805
4”
40
987
2221
4”
80
1093
2459
4372
4”
120
1218
2741
4873
4”
160
1353
3054
5414
4”
XXH
1610
3623
6441
6”
40
434
978
1739
2718
6”
80
482
1084
1928
3013
6”
120
528
1189
2114
3304
4758
6”
160
594
1338
2378
3716
5352
6”
XXH
667
1501
2668
4170
6004
3/8”
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
1”
1-1/8”
1-1/4”
1-3/8”
1-1/2”
1-3/4”
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
Pipe
Size
Pipe
Sch
¼”
3/8”
½”
5/8”
8”
20
242
545
969
1514
8”
30
245
552
982
1535
8”
40
251
565
1004
1569
2260
8”
60
262
589
1048
1638
2359
8”
80
275
619
1100
1719
2476
3371
8”
100
289
650
1157
1808
2603
6543
8”
120
309
696
1239
1936
2787
3794
4956
8”
140
326
734
1305
2040
2937
3998
5223
8”
XXS
338
761
1354
2115
3045
4146
5416
8”
160
344
775
1378
2154
3102
4222
5515
10”
20
152
342
609
951
1370
10”
30
155
350
622
972
1400
10”
40
159
358
637
996
1434
1952
10”
60
168
378
673
1051
1514
2061
2693
10”
80
175
393
700
1094
1575
2144
2799
10”
120
184
415
738
1153
1661
2261
2953
3736
10”
140
208
470
835
1306
1880
2560
3343
4231
5224
10”
160
221
498
885
1384
1993
2712
3543
4484
5536
¾”
7/8”
1”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
6699
1-1/2
13/4
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
Pipe
Size
12”
Pipe
Sch
20
¼”
3/8
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
106
239
426
666
959
1306
12”
30
109
246
437
684
985
1340
12”
STD
111
250
444
694
1000
1361
12”
40
112
252
448
701
1010
1374
12”
XS
260
463
724
1043
1419
1854
12”
60
266
473
739
1064
1449
1892
2395
12”
80
123
278
495
773
1113
1516
12”
100
130
294
523
817
1177
12”
120
138
311
553
865
12”
140
145
326
580
12”
160
156
350
Pipe
Size
14”
Pipe
Sch
10
¼”
14”
1”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
1978
2504
3091
1602
2092
2648
3268
3956
1246
1696
2215
2803
3461
4188
907
1306
1777
2322
2938
3628
4390
5224
623
974
1403
1910
2494
3157
3901
4720
5617
3/8
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
88
197
351
548
790
1075
20
89
201
357
558
804
1095
14”
30
91
205
364
569
820
1116
1458
14”
40
93
209
371
580
836
1137
1486
1881
14”
XS
95
213
378
591
852
1159
1514
1917
14”
60
97
219
389
609
877
1194
1559
1973
2436
14”
80
102
230
409
640
921
1254
1638
2073
2560
3097
14”
100
109
245
435
680
979
1333
1741
2204
2721
3292
3918
14”
120
115
258
458
716
1031
1404
1834
2321
2865
3467
4126
14”
140
121
272
483
756
1088
1482
1935
2449
3024
3659
4355
14”
160
128
288
511
798
1150
1565
2045
2588
3195
3866
4601
1-3/4
1795
1”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-3/4
6263
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
Pipe
Size
Pipe
Sch
¼”
3/8
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
16”
10
66
149
266
416
599
815
16”
20
67
152
270
422
609
829
1082
16”
30
68
154
275
429
619
842
1100
1396
16”
40
71
160
284
444
640
871
1137
1440
16”
60
74
188
296
463
667
908
1186
1501
1854
2243
16”
80
78
175
312
488
703
959
1249
1581
1952
2362
2812
3300
16”
100
82
185
329
514
741
1008
1317
1667
2057
2491
2964
3479
16”
120
86
195
347
543
782
1065
1391
1761
2174
2630
3130
3674
16”
140
92
209
391
580
836
1137
1486
1881
2322
2810
3344
3924
16”
160
97
219
389
509
877
1194
1559
1973
2436
2948
3509
4118
18”
10
52
117
208
326
470
640
835
18”
20
52
119
211
331
476
649
847
1073
18”
STD
53
120
215
336
483
658
860
1088
18”
30
54
122
218
341
491
668
873
1104
1364
18”
XS
55
124
221
346
498
678
885
1121
1384
18”
40
56
128
224
351
505
688
898
1137
1404
1669
18”
60
58
132
235
367
528
719
940
1190
1469
1770
2115
2483
18”
80
61
138
246
384
553
753
984
1246
1538
1861
2214
2600
18”
100
65
146
260
406
585
796
1040
1316
1625
1966
2340
2746
18”
120
68
154
275
429
619
842
1100
1393
1719
2081
2476
2906
18”
140
72
162
289
451
650
885
1156
1464
1807
2187
2602
3054
18”
160
76
172
307
479
690
940
1228
1554
1918
2321
2763
3242
1”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-3/4
1777
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
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TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
Pipe
Size
Pipe
Sch
¼”
3/8”
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
1”
20”
10
42
94
168
262
378
515
673
20”
20
43
97
172
269
388
528
20”
30
44
99
177
277
398
20”
40
45
101
180
282
20”
60
47
106
189
20”
80
49
111
20”
100
52
20”
120
20”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
690
874
1079
543
709
897
1108
1340
406
553
723
915
1130
1367
1627
296
426
580
758
959
1184
1433
1705
2001
198
310
447
609
795
1006
1243
1504
1790
2100
118
210
328
473
641
841
1065
1315
1591
1894
2223
55
124
221
346
498
678
885
1121
1384
1674
1993
2339
140
58
132
235
367
528
719
940
1190
1462
1777
2115
2483
20”
160
62
139
248
387
558
759
992
1255
1550
1876
2232
2620
24”
10
28
65
115
181
260
354
463
586
24”
20
29
66
118
184
266
362
473
599
739
895
24”
XS
30
68
120
189
272
370
483
612
756
914
1088
24”
30
30
68
122
191
275
374
489
619
764
924
1100
1291
24”
40
31
70
125
195
281
382
499
633
781
946
1125
1320
24”
60
32
73
131
205
295
402
525
665
821
994
1183
1388
24”
80
34
77
137
215
309
421
550
696
860
1041
1238
1454
24”
100
36
82
145
228
328
447
583
739
912
1104
1313
1541
24”
120
38
86
154
240
346
472
616
780
963
1165
1387
1628
24”
140
40
91
162
253
364
496
648
820
1012
1225
1458
1711
24”
160
42
96
171
268
386
525
686
868
1072
1297
1544
1812
1- 3/4
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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TEST BLIND THICKNESS (t) vs. TEST PRESSURE FOR CARBON STEEL PIPE
24
Pipe
Size
Pipe
Sch
¼”
3/8
½”
5/8”
¾”
7/8”
1”
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
30”
10
18
42
74
115
166
227
296
375
463
560
30”
STD
18
42
75
116
168
229
299
378
467
565
30”
20
19
43
76
118
171
233
304
385
475
30”
30
19
43
77
121
174
237
310
391
483
36”
10
12
28
51
79
115
156
240
259
319
386
460
36”
STD
12
28
51
80
115
157
260
260
321
389
463
544
36”
20
13
29
52
81
117
160
208
264
326
395
470
551
36”
30
13
30
53
83
119
162
212
268
331
401
477
560
36”
40
14
30
54
84
121
164
215
272
336
406
484
568
1-3/4
575
684
803
585
696
817
REPAIRS
24.1
25
1-1/2
All defects requiring repairs shall conform to the requirements of paragraph 341.3.4 of ASME 31.3
–latest edition – MR.
HOT TAPPING or WELDING ON LINES AND EQUIPMENT CONTAINING FLAMMABLES :
25.1
Hot Tapping Procedures and Guidelines are covered and detailed under a separate procedure
located under Engineering Documents/Construction Specifications: “In-Service Welding
and Hot Tap Standards and Procedures for Steel Pipe”.
25.2
If rules or guidelines prevent hot tapping then evaluate the use of Plidco with welding ends or
similar mechanical device.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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53
NACE CONSTRUCTION
26.1
Design and fabrication of piping systems for fluids containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and amines
will be done in a manner that meets the requirements of NACE Standard MR-0175 (latest edition).
26.2
NACE Standard MR-0175 applies to systems having a total H2S partial pressure at or above 0.05
PSIA. (see Figure 26.17 below)
26.3
Need for specification: Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) of steel and welds is a serious potential
problem due to the extreme toxicity of H2S if any is released. Commonly used carbon steel in
plant piping and pipeline components are usually resistant to SSC in the “as fabricated and
welded condition.” Sometimes lower strength carbon steels and especially higher strength carbon
steels can become susceptible to SSC due to uncontrolled fabrication and welding procedures.
Experience shows that if the hardness of the steel and welds are HRC-22 or less and/or the
weldment has been stress relieved, then the weldment is resistant to SSC. Figures 26.16 define
SSC regions as functions of system pressure and H2S content. If the combined system pressure
and H2S content fall in the SSC region, then this section shall be followed. Weldments used in
conditions outside the SSC region can be welded without reference to this section.
26.4
All carbon and low alloy steels in this specification are acceptable at HRC-22 maximum hardness
and in the following heat-treat conditions:
26.4.1
26.4.2
26.4.3
26.4.4
26.4.5
26.4.6
Hot Rolled (Carbon Steels only)
Annealed
Normalized
Normalized and tempered
Normalized, austenitized, quenched and tempered
Austenitized, quenched and tempered
26.5
No free machining steels nor cold rolled steels are permitted.
26.6
NACE MR-0175 for carbon and low alloy steels: All carbon100% X-Ray of weld with standard
interpretation is required.
Socketweld construction shall be used for connections 2” and smaller when constructing to
NACE.
26.7
26.8
Piping material shall be normalized seamless pipe with a maximum Rockwell hardness of
HRC-22.
26.9
All flange and forging material shall be normalized with a maximum Brinell hardness of BHN-187.
26.10 All wrought pipe fitting material shall be normalized with a maximum Brinell hardness of BHN-197.
26.11 Valves shall be normalized carbon steel or annealed stainless steel with a maximum Rockwell
hardness of HRC-22.
26.12 Ball valves shall not be used in NACE service.
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26.13 Valve trim shall be 316 stainless steel with a maximum Rockwell hardness of HRC-22.
Elastomers shall be TFE.
26.14 Backing rings in welded piping are not permitted.
26.15 Corrosion allowance in all piping systems shall not be less than 0.0625"
26.16 After fabrication, all piping welds shall be stress relieved at a minimum temperature of 1100F to
produce a maximum Rockwell hardness of HRC-22 in accordance with the ASME Pressure
Vessel Code.
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26.17 Figures below define regions of potential SSC as functions of system pressure and H2S.
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TABLE 26.17 Stainless Steels Acceptable for Direct Exposure to Sour Environments
Date
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TABLE 26.18 Acceptable API and ASTM Specifications for Tubular Goods
Date
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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PAGE:
TABLE
26.19
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Caustic
Revision
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Soda
Service
Graph
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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Welding of low-strength carbon steel (≤52,000PSI yield strength)
27.1
Tubular products listed in NACE Table 3 (taken directly from MR-0175, latest edition) and
pressure vessel steels classified as P-No.1, Group 1 or 2, in Section IX of ASME, and listed in
NACE Table 1 or 3, are acceptable in the “as welded” condition and do not need stress relieving
provided the following requirements are met:
27.1.1 ERW pipe shall not be specified for sour-gas service in the SSC region in Figures 26.16
above. Except as defined in this section. New ERW pipe can be used in sour-gas service
outside the SSC region provided the ERW seam has been postweld normalized at a
minimum of 1100F with a resultant hardness after stress relieving of HRC 22 max. Use of
non-normalized ERW pipe is not allowed.
27.1.2 Written welding procedures qualified to API-1104 or ASME Section IX are used. Targa
Welding Specifications for used and new pipe in sour-gas service are available.
27.1.3 Welders are qualified to API-1104 or ASME Section IX, as applicable, using the qualified
welding procedure.
27.1.4 All piping and pipeline components are new and verified to be made of the steels listed in
NACE Table 1 or 3. Verification of materials is the responsibility of the Project Engineer.
Any component, such as a valve, is acceptable if certified by the manufacturer in writing
that the component is suitable for sour-gas or H2S service, in which case material
verification of the individual parts of the component are not required. Copies of the written
certification shall be furnished to the Company.
27.1.5 A hardness verification survey is made on a cross-section specimen obtained from a
weld qualification test nipple. Such a test nipple shall be made for each construction
project and additional test nipples prepared and surveyed for each lot of pipe or piping.
Survey shall be conducted as in Hardness Survey Section of this specification. The
survey shall be witnessed by Targa’s Inspector. Records shall be made of the survey and
copies furnished to the Company.
28
Conversion of Used Piping or Pipelines to Sour-gas Service
28.1 Section 29 Stress Relieving / Heat Treatment applies to the conversion of piping to sour service.
(Used materials shall not be used without the specific Company Approval).
28.1.1 Vessels (such as scrubbers, drip pots, etc.) – Manufacturer shall be checked for material
compliance with MR-0175, latest edition.
28.1.2 Any vessels that have been stress relieved and meet MR-0175, latest edition are
acceptable.
28.1.3 Welds between tubulars and nozzles or couplings on the vessel need not be stress
relieved unless dictated by requirements in Stress Relieving / Heat Treatment section.
28.1.4 Vessels shall be stress relieved when no record of stress relieving can be found or the
materials of construction cannot be verified to meet MR-0175, latest edition. Vessels that
cannot be stressed relieved shall be hardness test per Section 30 Hardness Surveys of
this Specification except that vessels with hydrocarbon containing H2S ≥5% mol must be
stress relieved unless operating at a pressure <15psig.
28.1.5 Valves and other components
28.1.5.1 Valves and other components should be replaced with sour-gas rated
components
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28.1.5.2 Valves that must be reused shall be hardness tested per Section 29 and
materials of construction identified and verified to meet MR-0175, latest edition.
28.1.5.3 Existing piping or pipeline welds: Stress relieving is recommended but hardness
testing per Section 29 may be used in lieu of stress relieving.
29
STRESS RELIEVING / HEAT TREATMENT- (Also See: Welding NDT Manual 800-105)
29.1
Postweld heat treatment shall be performed when specified by ANSI/ASME B31.3 latest edition or
further defined by these Project Specifications.
29.2
Stress relieving shall follow the time and temperature requirements listed in ASME B31.3 Piping
Code for pipe or piping and those listed in Section VIII of ASME Code for Vessels. – MR. Any
exclusions in these codes omitting stress relieving shall not apply.
29.3
No rain or snow shall fall on a weldment during stress relieving. If it does, then stress relieving
shall be repeated.
29.4
Methods:
29.4.1 Electric Resistance: Heating elements powered by welding power supplies or other
electrical power sources are satisfactory. Place the elements on the weldment and
insulate with thermal blankets. At least one thermocouple shall be placed on the weld and
used to record temperature cycles. The use of contractors specializing is this service is
recommended.
29.4.2 Thermite or Exothermic Kits: Use of these kits is satisfactory for purposes of this
specification. They shall be kept dry and not used in the rain. At least one test weldment
per lot of piping or lot of kits shall be monitored with a thermocouple placed inside the
pipe to verify proper temperature is reached.
29.4.3 Furnace: Use of furnaces, either fixed or portable is satisfactory. Many welds are
frequently stress relieved simultaneously in a furnace. At least two welds per furnace load
shall be monitored for heat cycle by use of a thermocouple and suitable recorder.
29.5
For in plant service, “postweld stress relieving” is mandatory for all pressure containing welds on
carbon and alloy steel piping and vessels that will contain hydrocarbon with ≥ 5 mol% H2S – MR.
29.6
Stress relieving of welds on piping and vessels that will contain < 5mol% H2S may be performed
at Company’s option on an individual component basis.
29.7
Carbon steel piping greater than ¾” thick shall be stress relieved. Carbon steel to be place in
selected services such as amine, caustic, or sour service shall be stress relieved.
29.8
Piping or equipment operating <15psig may be excluded from all stress relieving requirements.
29.9
Valves or other components specifically purchased and certified for sour-gas service by the
manufacturer in writing need not be stress relieved.
29.10 Any weld joining pipe or piping components to those previously used in sour-gas service shall be
post weld stress relieved.
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29.11 Stress relieving may be used in lieu of hardness testing for any individual component.
29.12 Stress relieving of welds in both rich and lean amine lines is mandatory – MR with the following
exceptions:
29.12.1 Cold lean DEA, UCARSOL, and SULFINOL lines from storage tanks or vessels do not
need stress relieving.
29.12.2 Lean DEA, UCARSOL, and SULFINOL lines operating below 180F do not need stress
relieving if they always operate below 180F, and are never used to “steam-out” vessels.
Effects of heat tracing shall be considered.
29.13 Stress relieving of caustic lines shall follow the guidelines depicted in the Caustic Soda Service
Graph, Figure: 26.19 above.
29.14 Certain stainless steels and high alloys may be exempted from stress relieving with Company
Approval. These shall be handled on a case-by-case basis.
29.15 All welding and inspection shall be completed prior to stress relieving.
29.16 Thermocouples shall be attached to the piping at the location specified to be stress relieved for
metal temperature determination. The thermocouples wire ends shall be firmly peened.
Multi-point temperature recorder, indicator or other instruments shall be used while stress
relieving.
29.17 After stress relieving, no repairs may be made without re-stress relieving except with written
Company Approval.
29.18 A complete report including a copy of stress relieving recording charts shall be forwarded to
Company.
29.19 All flange facings and threaded connections shall be protected against oxidation during heat
treatment.
29.20 When postweld heat treatment of field welds is required, appurtenances that may be damaged
shall be properly protected or removed.
30
Hardness Surveys
30.1
Weld Cross-sections:
30.1.1 Hardness Surveys shall be conducted across a transverse cross-section of the weld.
30.1.2 The cross-section shall have reasonably parallel surfaces and should have a minimum
thickness of at least (10) times the indentation depth expected to be attained.
Cross-section shall be cold-cut and be located at least 4” from any flame cut surface. The
surface to be tested shall be fine ground through 4/0 grit emery paper. The cross-section
shall be etched with a suitable acid such as 5% HNO3 in methanol to reveal the HAZ and
weld metal locations prior to hardness testing.
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30.1.3 The survey shall be made with an HRC, HRB or HRA indenters. BHN at 3000Kg is
satisfactory for base metal readings or for welds and HAZ made in material ¾” thick or
greater. The results shall be as HRC indicating any conversions made from other
hardness scales.
30.1.4 Two surveys shall be made with one traversing the cap pass and the other the root pass.
At least two indentions shall be made per traverse in each zone of the weldment – left
base metal – left HAZ – weld metal –right HAZ – right base metal. This is a minimum of 10
indentations per traverse and 20 indentations per cross-section.
30.1.5 Requirements:
30.1.5.1 All HRC levels shall be HRC-22 or less. Any one reading above HRC-22 may be
cast aside if two additional indentations taken in close proximity to the suspect
reading in the same weld zone are HRC-22 or less. If the hardness level is
above HRC-22, then either the welding procedure shall be changed and the test
repeated on a new sample, or the weldments shall be stress relieved to the
requirements of Section 29 above.
30.1.5.2 Hardness levels of materials other than carbon steel shall meet requirements of
NACE MR-0175 latest edition for the material.
30.2
Hardness of Existing Welds:
30.2.1 Existing production welds can be hardness tested as follows. Each accessible weld in a
large weldment shall be tested.
30.2.2 Carefully grind or hand file weld reinforcement flush with pipe surface to create a small
flat on the pipe. Care is needed when power grinding not to damage the pipe or undercut
the weld.
30.2.3 Using a suitable portable hardness tester, survey the weldment by taking indentations on
the base metal, HAZ, and weld metal. At least an impression in each zone is required.
30.2.4 Requirements:
30.2.4.1 The hardness shall be HRC-22 or less. Welds above HRC-22 shall be field
stress relieved or replaced.
30.3
Hardness of Non-Welded Components:
30.3.1 The object shall be hardness tested as in 30.2 but for base metal only.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
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BRANCH CONNECTIONS FOR PLANT PIPING
31.1PVF CLASSES “A” thru “C”
HEADER SIZE
CONNECTION SYMBOLS
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
30”
36”
ST
SR
SR
SR
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
T
TO
W
EO
SR
Screwed Tee
Tees or fittings w/full encirclement reinforcement
Thread-O-Lets
Weld-O-Let
Thread or Elbow-O-Let
Screwed reducing Tee
ST
SR
SR
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
SR
EO
EO
EO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
EO
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
W
T
T
T
W
W
T
T
T
W
T
T
T
T
T
T
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
30”
36”
BRANCH SIZE - NOMINAL
Notes: For HOT TAP Applications see HOT TAP FITTINGS TABLE IN HOT TAP PROCEDURES AND
GUIDELINES. (located under Engineering Documents/Construction Specifications on the Targa
Website. (DO NOT USE THESE TABLES)
1
For Plant Piping Guidance, see ASME B31.3, paragraph 304.3 “Branch Connections”
2
For Pipeline Guidance, see ASME B31.4 for Liquids and ASME B31.8 for Gas
3
For Carbon Steel, stress relieving is required when pipe wall exceeds ¾”
4
Weldolet Branch limited to less than ¾” of header size. Ref: B31.3 paragraph 304.3.5(b).
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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BRANCH CONNECTIONS FOR PLANT PIPING
31.2PVF CLASSES “D” thru “E”
HEADER SIZE
CONNECTION SYMBOLS
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
T
RT
RT
RT
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
S
RT
Tees or fittings w/full encirclement reinforcement
Socket-O-Let
Reducing Tee
T
RT
RT
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
RT
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
T
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
BRANCH SIZE - NOMINAL
Notes: For HOT TAP Applications see HOT TAP FITTINGS TABLE IN HOT TAP PROCEDURES AND
GUIDELINES. (located under Engineering Documents/Construction Specifications on the Targa Website. (DO
NOT USE THESE TABLES)
1
For Plant Piping Guidance, see ASME B31.3, paragraph 304.3 “Branch Connections”
2
For Pipeline Guidance, see ASME B31.4 for Liquids and ASME B31.8 for Gas
3
For Carbon Steel, stress relieving is required when pipe wall exceeds ¾”
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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31.3 PVF CLASS “J” FOR WATER (≤175psig)
HEADER SIZE
CONNECTION SYMBOLS
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
30”
36”
ST
SR
SR
SR
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
T
TO
RT
W
EO
SR
SI
Screwed Tee
Tees or fittings w/full encirclement reinforcement
Thread-O-Lets
Reducing tee or tee with Swage (see note 3)
Weld-O-Let
Thread or Elbow-O-Let
Screwed reducing Tee
Stub – in - Pipe
ST
SR
SR
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
SR
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
ST
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
T
TO
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
SI
W
W
T
SI
W
W
T
W
W
T
W
T
½”
¾”
1”
1½”
2”
3”
4”
6”
8”
10”
12”
14”
16”
18”
20”
24”
30”
36”
BRANCH SIZE - NOMINAL
Notes:
1
For Plant Piping Guidance, see ASME B31.3, paragraph 304.3 “Branch Connections”
2
For Pipeline Guidance, see ASME B31.4 for Liquids and ASME B31.8 for Gas
3
Choice “RT” maybe substituted for either “W” or “T” as applicable
4
Choice “RT” maybe substituted for “SI”
5
For Carbon Steel, stress relieving is needed when pipe wall exceeds ¾”
6
For Carbon Steel welds, stress relieving is needed when thickness through joint exceeds 1 ½”.
7
Water Branch and Header Piping assumes 1/8” corrosion allowance and 12.5% mill under tolerance.
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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PIPING CLASS IDENTIFICATION
PIPING ANSI CLASS
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
-
150# ANSI Rating
300# ANSI Rating
600# ANSI Rating
900# ANSI Rating
1500# ANSI Rating
2500# ANSI Rating
5000# API Rating
PIPING MATERIAL CLASS
1
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
Carbon Steel : (A-105, A-106, A-53, A-216 WCB,
A-234 GRA-234
WPB)GR WPB)
C.S. Carbon
@ -20FAlloy
to 100F
Low
Steel : (A-333 GR6, A-350 LF2,
CL1, A-420 WPL 6)
304L Stainless : (A-182 F304L, A-312 TP304L,
A-351 CF8M)
316L Stainless : (A-182 F316L, A-312 TP316L,
A-351 CF3M)
Chrome – Molly Steel : (A-335 P11)
6
-
Galv: Galvanized pipe for water/utility service
7
-
CPVC & PVC : (D-1784, D-1785)
PIPING SERVICE CLASS
NC
NACE
- Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbons, Amine, Glycol, Hot Oil, Refrigerant Propane & Utility Service Piping, Air, Gas, N2
Service
- Sour (as defined by NACE) Hydrocarbon, Amine, Glycol, Water & Other Sour Process Fluids
CORR
- Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Rich Amine, Acid Gas & RO Water Piping
GALV
- Galvanized Utility Service Piping
STEAM - Steam and Hot Condensate (Non-Boiler Code) Piping
CPVC
- Drain, Potable Water and Utility Plastic Pipe
Service
Date
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
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PVF SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION
Description
CLASS A, ANSI CLASS 150#
A1NC
A2NC
A3NC
A5NC
A4CORR
A1NACE
A1STEAM
A1BRINE
A6-GALV
A7-CPVC
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Utility Piping (air, gas, N2)
C.S. -20F to 400F, 285psig to 200psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Propane Refrigeration Piping
Low Ambient, Low Temp, Low Carbon Alloy -50F to 400F, 265psig to 200psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon
Cryo Temp or High Temp, S.S. -325F to 400F, 275psig to 190psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Hot Oil, Steam, Flue Gas, High Temp
1 ¼ CR, ½ MO Low Alloy, -20F to 1000F, 290psig to 20psig
Corrosive Service, Rich Amine, CO2, Acid Gas, Reverse Osmosis Water Piping,
S.S. -20F to 400F, 275psig to 195psig
Sour (as defined by NACE), Sour Amine, Hydrocarbons, Water or Process
Fluids, C.S. (killed) -20F to 400F, 285psig to 200psig
Steam or Hot Condensate Service Piping
C.S. -20F to 400F, 285psig to 200psig
Brine Service Piping
C.S. (internally coated) -20F to 200F, 285psig to 260psig
Domestic Water (N/A RO Water Systems or Drinking Water)
Galvanized C.S, -20F to 150F, 175psig to 150psig
Atmospheric Drains and Potable Water Service
CPCV Plastic Pipe, 75F to 200F, 150psig to 30psig
CLASS B, ANSI CLASS 300#
B1NC
B2NC
B3NC
B5NC
B4CORR
B1NACE
B1STEAM
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Utility Piping (air, gas, N2)
C.S. -20F to 400F, 740psig to 635psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Propane Refrigeration Piping
Low Ambient, Low Temp, Low Carbon Alloy -50F to 400F, 695psig to 615psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon
Cryo Temp or High Temp, S.S. -325F to 400F, 720psig to 495psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Hot Oil, Steam, Flue Gas, High Temp
1 ¼ CR, ½ MO Low Alloy, -20F to 1000F, 750psig to 215psig
Corrosive Service, Rich Amine, CO2, Acid Gas, Reverse Osmosis Water Piping,
S.S. -20F to 400F, 720psig to 515psig
Sour (as defined by NACE), Sour Amine, Hydrocarbons, Water or Process
Fluids, C.S. (killed) -20F to 400F, 740psig to 635psig
Steam or Hot Condensate Service Piping
C.S. -20F to 400F, 740psig to 635psig
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
PAGE:
Spec.
51
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Revision
Date
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PVF SPECIFICATION DESCRIPTION
Description
CLASS C, ANSI CLASS 600#
C1NC
C2NC
C3NC
C5NC
C4CORR
C1NACE
C1STEAM
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Utility Piping (air, gas, N2)
C.S. -20F to 400F, 1480psig to 1270psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Propane Refrigeration Piping
Low Ambient, Low Temp, Low Carbon Alloy -50F to 400F, 1395psig to 1230psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon
Cryo Temp or High Temp, S.S. -325F to 400F, 1440psig to 995psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Hot Oil, Steam, Flue Gas, High Temp
1 ¼ CR, ½ MO Low Alloy, -20F to 1000F, 1500psig to 430psig
Corrosive Service, Rich Amine, CO2, Acid Gas, Reverse Osmosis Water Piping,
S.S. -20F to 400F, 1440psig to 1025psig
Sour (as defined by NACE), Sour Amine, Hydrocarbons, Water or Process
Fluids, C.S. (killed) -20F to 400F, 1480psig to 1265psig
Steam or Hot Condensate Service Piping
C.S. -20F to 400F, 740psig to 635psig
CLASS D, ANSI CLASS 900#
D1NC
D1NACE
D2NC
D4CORR
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Utility Piping (air, gas, N2)
C.S. -20F to 400F, 2220psig to 1900psig
Sour (as defined by NACE), Sour Amine, Hydrocarbons, Water or Process
Fluids, C.S. (killed) -20F to 400F, 2220psig to 1900psig
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Propane Refrigeration Piping
Low Ambient, Low Temp, Low Carbon Alloy -50F to 400F, 2220psig to 1900psig
Corrosive Service, Rich Amine, CO2, Acid Gas, Reverse Osmosis Water Piping,
S.S. -20F to 400F, 2160psig to 1540psig
CLASS E, ANSI CLASS 1500#
E1NC
E4CORR
Non-Corrosive Hydrocarbon, Glycol & Utility Piping (air, gas, N2)
C.S. -20F to 400F, 3705psig to 3170psig
Corrosive Service, Rich Amine, CO2, Acid Gas, Reverse Osmosis Water Piping,
S.S. -20F to 400F, 3600psig to 2570psig
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
PAGE:
52
OF
Revision
53
33. VALVE IDENTIFICATION:
VALVE TYPE
NOMINAL PRESSURE CLASS
VBF VBT VBB VGA VGL VPG VBU VCW VCP VCS VNB -
1
2
3
6
8
9
15
20
25
30
60
-
Ball - Floating
Ball - Trunnion
Ball – Double Block
Gate
Globe
Plug Valve –DBL BlK&Bleed
Wafer/Butterfly
Check - Wafer
Check - Piston
Check - Swing
Needle/ Bleed
VALVE ID FEATURES
C.S. - Cast Steel
F.S. - Forged Steel
S.S. - Stainless Steel
BB - Bolted Bonnet
WB - Welded Bonnet
TH - Screwed/threaded connection both
SW - Socketweld connection
ST - Threaded one end SW other
RJ - Ring Joint
FLG - Flanged Connection
RF - Raised Face
FF - Flat Faced
WN - Weld Neck
RP
- Reduced Port
FP
- Full Port
OS&Y – Outside Screw and Yoke
H
- Handwheel operator
G
- Gear operator
L
- Lever Operator
-
125# ANSI Rating
150# ANSI Rating
300# ANSI Rating
600# ANSI Rating
800# API Rating
900# ANSI Rating
1500# ANSI Rating
2000# CWP
2500# ANSI Rating
3000# CWP
6000# CWP
Date
ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Issue Date: 3/1/17
GENERAL PLANT PIPING DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
PAGE:
53
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Revision
Date
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33.1 RECOMMENDED VALVE MANUFACTURERS
NPS
SIZE
VALVE TYPE
END CONN.
MANUFACTURER
GATE
THREADED
BONNEY, DSI, NEWCO, OIC, OMB, VELAN, VOGT, WALWORTH,
WARREN
½"-2"
GATE
FLANGED
BONNEY, CAMERON, CRANE, CROWN JUDD / STREAM FLO,
DSI, GULF, NEWCO, NORRISEAL, OIC, PBV, PK, POWELL,
WARREN, WHEATLEY, VELAN
2"-24"
GLOBE
THREADED
BONNEY, DSI, NEWCO, OIC, OMB, VELAN, VOGT, WALWORTH,
WARREN
½"-2"
GLOBE
FLANGED
BONNEY, CAMERON, CRANE, DSI, GULF, NEWCO,
NORRISEAL, OIC, PBV, PK, POWELL, WARREN, WHEATLEY,
VELAN
2"-6"
BUTTERFLY
FLANGED
ADAMS, BONNEY, BRAY, CRANE, DEZURIK, DURCO,
FLOWSEAL, KEYSTONE, POSI-SEAL, VANESSA, VELAN, WKM,
XOMOX
3"-24"
BALL
THREADED
BALON, HCV, KF, VELAN, WKM, QUADRANT
½"-2"
BALL
FLANGED
APOLLO, BALON, CAMERON, DELTA (VALVITALIA), HCV,
GROVE, JAG, KF, PBV, PERAR, POWELL, VELAN, WKM,
QUADRANT, NEWMANS
2"-24"
ORBIT
FLANGED
ORBIT
2"-24"
CHECK
(PISTON)
THREADED
BONNEY, DSI, NEWCO, OMB, VELAN, VOGT, WALWORTH, OIC
½"-2"
CHECK
(SWING)
THREADED
BONNEY, DSI, NEWCO, OMB, VELAN, VOGT, WALWORTH, OIC
½"-2"
CHECK
(WAFER)
FLANGED
CROWN JUDD / STREAM FLO, DSI, BONNEY, CAMERON,
CRANE, GULF, NEWCO, NORRISEAL, PBV, PK, POWELL,
WHEATLEY, VELAN, VITAS (VALVITALIA)
2"-24"
CHECK
(SWING)
FLANGED
CROWN JUDD / STREAM FLO, DSI, BONNEY, CAMERON,
CRANE, GULF, NEWCO, NORRISEAL, OIC,PBV, PK, POWELL,
WHEATLEY, VELAN, VITAS (VALVITALIA)
2"-24"
CHECK
(PISTON)
FLANGED
CROWN JUDD / STREAM FLO, DSI, BONNEY, CAMERON,
CRANE, GULF, NEWCO, NORRISEAL, PBV, PK, POWELL,
WHEATLEY, VELAN, VITAS (VALVITALIA)
2"-24"
NEEDLE
THREADED
ANDERSON-GREENWOOD, KF, SWAGELOK, TYCO
½"-1"