MIDTERM
REVIEW
PHYSICAL SELF
WILLIAM JAMES - Considered body as initial source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality. It is an element of
spiritual hygiene of supreme significance.
SIGMUND FREUD - Construction of self and personality makes the physical
body the core of human experience.
WILHELM REICH - Argued that mind and body are one; all psychological
processes, he postulated, are a part of physical processes, and vice versa.
2
MIDTERM REVIEWER
PHYSICAL SELF-It is the body that which we interface with our environment.
CARL JUNG-For him, physical body and the external world can be known only
as psychological experiences.
MATERIAL SELF-It is not only consisting our own body but also includes
different things we possess.
HIGGINS-According to him, the discrepancies between the actual self and ideal
self leads to feelings of dejection.
3
PHYSICAL SELF
ERIK ERIKSON - The role of bodily organs is especially important in early
developmental stages of a person’s life. Later in life, the development of
physical as well as intellectual skills help determine whether the individual will
achieve a sense of competence and ability to choose demanding roles in a
complex society.
CARL JUNG - Argued that the physical body and the external world can be
known only as psychological experiences.
B.F. SKINNER - Says that the role of the body is of primary importance.
4
PHYSICAL SELF
INFLATED SELF – ESTEEM - This people holds high regards of
themselves. Better than the other to the point of under estimating
them.
HIGH SELF – ESTEEM - This is a positive self-esteem, which make the
person be satisfied of themselves.
LOW SELF – ESTEEM - This people do not value themselves and do not
trust their possibilities.
5
MIDTERM REVIEWER
According to William James Man’s “Material self” is not only consisting of his
own body but also includes the different things he possesses from one’s family,
friends, as well as things.
Rituals are sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human
existence—where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here,
and where we are going.
Rituals has two types: calendric and crisis.
Supernatural is around you all of the time, especially in non-industrialized
societies.
6
MIDTERM REVIEWER
A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence—where
we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are
going is called a Myth.
MORALS -Values and beliefs embody and reinforce democratic principles.
SPIRITUAL SELF-It is defined as the inner most workings of the person’s mind,
the behavior, belief and morals.
VICTOR FRANKL - He trusted that the motivation behind life isolates the
person from creatures as well as enables us to survive troublesome
circumstances.
7
MIDTERM REVIEWER
RITUALS-A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide
members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective
transitions.
MYTH-A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence.
RELIGION- An organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or the
supernatural, along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices.
WORLDVIEW- Collective body of ideas that members of a culture generally
share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality.
8
MIDTERM REVIEWER
SUPERNATURAL-It is around you all of the time, especially in non-industrialized
societies.
MORALS-It refers to the definition of what is right and wrong.
PERSON'S WILL-Refers to one’s wishes, these are the things that we want to see and
achieve in our lives.
INTELLIGENCE-The perceived strengths of a person, the things that they have
confidence in doing and believe to have a certain level of mastery.
VALUES-The person’s ability to distinguish what is important and what is not.
9
SEXUAL SELF
SIGMUND FREUD - PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT ( O,A,P,G)
ALFRED KINSEY - Heterosexual–Homosexual
Rating Scale AND Sexual Behavior of Male and
Female
WILLIAM MASTERS AND VIRGINIA JOHNSON –
STAGE OF SEXUAL INTERCOURSE
10
SEXUAL SELF
SCROTUM - It is a sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped;
directly below and outside of the abdomen.
OVARY - Female sexual behavior starts at puberty where the two
______begin to produce estrogens and progesterone (female sex
hormones). It is a pair of small, oval organs which produces ova (ovum;
female germ cells). Thousands of ova will mature and will be taken up to
the fallopian tube through the uterus by the time of puberty.
TESTIS - Secrete androgens (male sex hormones). It is the most
important part of male reproductive organ. It is the source of
Spermatozoa (male germ cell).
11
SEXUAL SELF
FALLOPIAN TUBE - These are pair of thin tubes that leads from
ovaries to the uterus.
PROSTATE GLANDS - It is a gland that carries out both urine
and seminal fluid. It is connected by sperm ducts from sperm
ducts joining into single tube called urethra. Urethra then leads
to the outside of the body through penis.
VAGINA - It is a tube leading to outside of the body through an
opening called the vulva.
12
MIDTERM REVIEWER
Men transsexuals believe that they are men in a women’s body and vise versa.
Sexual Arousal is very subjective, which means that different people has
different sexual arousals.
Excitement zones are part of the body that particularly sensitive to touch,
pressure and vibration which contributes to sexual arousal.
ARTIFICIAL CONTRACEPTION- A diverse method of contraception used to
prevent conception of a woman.
13
MIDTERM REVIEWER
HETEROSEXUALITY-It is a sexual attraction and behavior directed to other
sex.
GENDER IDENTITY-Refers primarily to one’s decision to be feminine,
masculine or both.
NATURAL CONTRACEPTION-Type of birth control that depend with
observations on woman’s body through monitoring and recording different
fertility signals during her menstrual cycle.
14
SEXUAL SELF
PENIS - It is where the ejaculation occurs by sending sperm cell from
testis and secrete out.
EGG CELL - It is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous
organisms
SPERM CELL - It is a male gametes, one that is necessary for the egg
to develop and become a baby.
UTERUS - (womb) it is a hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular
structure where fertilized ovum (zygote) develops into a baby.
15
SEXUAL SELF
EXCITEMENT PHASE – The physiological sign
in males is penile tumescence (erection) and
vasocongestion to female leads to vaginal
lubrication and nipple erection.
PLATEAU PHASE - It is the body’s preparation
for orgasm. It is a brief period of time before
the orgasm.
16
SEXUAL SELF
ORGASM PHASE – When this phase is reached, rhythmic
muscular contractions occur in the genitals. In male, the
contractions expel semen, a fluid containing sperm, a process
called ejaculation. For women and men, breathing and heart
rates reach maximum.
RESOLUTION PHASE - The stage where the decrease of
arousal (particularly in male) happens. Genitals resume their
unaroused state and shape; blood pressure, breathing and
heart rate return to normal.
17
SEXUAL SELF
HETEROSEXUALITY - It is romantic attraction,
sexual attraction or sexual behavior between
persons of the opposite sex or gender.
HOMOSEXUALITY - It is romantic attraction,
sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between
members of the same sex or gender.
18
SEXUAL SELF
BISEXUALITY - It is romantic attraction, sexual attraction,
or sexual behavior toward both males and females or to
more than one sex or gender.
ASEXUALITY - It is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or
low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity.
TRANSGENDER - People have a gender identity or gender
expression that differs from their sex assigned at birth.
19
SEXUAL SELF
Gender Identity - A person’s deeply felt internal and
individual experience of gender, which may or may not
correspond with the sex assigned at birth.
Biological Sex - A medical term used to refer to the
chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical characteristics
that are used to classify an individual as female, male or
intersex.
Gender Expression - The external display of one’s gender,
through a combination of appearance, disposition, social
behavior, and other factors, generally measured on a scale
of masculinity and femininity.
20
SEXUAL SELF
Sexual Orientation - An enduring emotional, romantic,
or sexual attraction primarily or exclusively to people
of a particular gender.
Intersex - An umbrella term that refers to a variety of
chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical conditions
in which a person does not seem to fit the typical
definitions of female or male.
21
SEXUAL SELF
Natural Contraception
Artificial Contraception
Abstinence
Cervical Cup
coitus interruptus
oral contraception
basal body
transdermal patch
ovulation detection
hormonal injection
cervical mucus method
diaphragm
lactation amenorrhea
method
vasectomy
22
SEXUAL SELF
Natural Contraception
calendar method
temperature method
symtothermal method
Artificial Contraception
tubal ligation
surgical methods
vaginal ring
subdermal implants
Intrauterine device (IUD)
chemical barriers
male and female condoms
23
SEXUAL SELF
STD’S CAUSE BY BACTERIA
•
•
STDS CAUSE BY VIRUS
Chancroid (Haemophilus Ducreyi)
•
Genital Herpes (herpes simplex virus)
Chlamydia (Chlamydia Trachomatis)
•
Genital warts (human papillomavirus
virus [HPV])
•
Gonorrhea (Neiserria Gonorrhea)
•
Hepatitis B and D, and infrequently,
A,C,E (hepatitis Viruses, Types A-E)
•
HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency
virus [HIV virus])
•
Molluscum contagiosum (poxvirus)
• Granuloma Inguinale
(Calymmatobacterium Granulomatis)
•
•
Lymphogranuloma Venereum
(Chlamdia Trachomatis)
Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum)
24
SEXUAL SELF
STD CAUSE BY
PROTOZOAN
STD’S CAUSE BY
FUNGI
STD’S CAUSED BY
PARASITES
• Trichomoniasis
(Trichomonas
Vaginalis)
• Jock itch (Tenia
Cruris)
• Public lice or
crabs
(Pediculosis
Pubis)
• Yeast Infection
(Candida
Albicans)
• Scabies
(Sarcoptes
scabiei)
25
SEXUAL SELF
Subdermal
Implants
Chemical
Barriers
Vaginal Ring
Surgical
Methods
Transdermal
patch
Hormonal
Injections
It is a two rod-like implants under the skin of the woman during her menstruation or on the
7th day of her menstruation to make sure that she will not get pregnant. It contains
etonogestrel, desogestrel and progestin. Have a 1% failure
These are used to cause death of the sperm before it can enter the cervix of the woman.
These are spermicides, vaginal gels and creams, and glycerin films.
Releases a combination of estrogen and progesterone and surrounds the cervix. It remains
in there for 3 weeks. It was removed on the fourth week as menstrual period flows. The
woman becomes fertile as soon as the ring is removed.
Vasectomy is a procedure done to male through small incision made on each side of the
scrotum to block the passage of sperms.
It is a patch applied in the following areas; upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen or
buttocks for three weeks.
This injection prevents ovulation and cause change in the cervical mucus. It has an almost
100% effectiveness. And one of the most popular choice for birth control.
26
SEXUAL SELF
Condoms
Diaphragm
Intrauterine
Device (IUD)
Surgical
Methods
Oral
Contraception
Condoms
Female _______ is also a synthetic rubber placed against the vaginal opening
to prevent the sperm to enter the vaginal during the ejaculation.
Inhibits the entrance of into the vagina. It should not be left in place for more
than 24hours to avoid irritation. It has a failure rate of 16%.
It is a small T-shaped object inserted in uterus thru vagina to prevent
fertilization. It is done only by a physician right after the woman’s menstruation
to be sure that she is not pregnant.
Tubal Ligation is a procedure done to female through cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking the fallopian tube to inhibit the passage of both sperm and the ova.
It is known as the “Pill”. Contains synthetic estrogen and progesterone. It is
recommended to take the pill on the first Sunday after the beginning of the
menstrual flow.
Male condoms is a synthetic rubber sheath that is placed in the erect penis
before penetration to avoid the sperm to enter the vagina during the ejaculation
27
SEXUAL SELF
Symptothermal
Method
Coitus
Interruptus
Calendar
Method
Cervical Mucus
Method
It is a combination of Basal Body Temperature
(BBT) and Cervical Mucus Method.
It is also known as the pull out method.
It involves avoiding coitus during the days that
the woman is fertile.
According to this method a woman is fertile when
the cervical mucus is profuse and watery. During
this time she must avoid coitus during this days.
28
SEXUAL SELF
Lactation
Amenorrhea
Method
Basal Body
Temperature
Ovulation
Detection
Coitus
Interruptus
Abstinence
This is exclusive for breastfeeding woman. Thus, it should be noted that the
woman is advise to choose other method after period of three months or if
the mother is not exclusively breastfeeding or is using formula drink for the
baby.
Done by monitoring the changes in the woman’s temperature every
morning before any activity. A slight increase and decrease in her
temperature will be her sign of ovulation (fertile). This period the woman
must abstain from mating for the next three days.
It is an over-the-counter kit that requires a urine specimen to detect the
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) to predict ovulation.
The oldest method of contraception. This is where the couple proceeds with
coitus but the moment he ejaculates, the men withdraw before emit
spermatozoa outside of the vagina.
Most effective way of birth control. Done thru abstaining from sexual
intercourse. It is also the most effective way to avoid STIs.
29
SEXUAL SELF
BLOCK
The most common barriers of the sperm
cell and sexually transmitted infections
and diseases.
Cervical Cup
Sponge
Male Condoms & Female Condoms
Diaphragm
DISABLE
SUPPRESS
A chemical that immobilize and destroys
sperm.
Prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation
and it thickens the cervical mucus which
makes it hard for sperm to reach and
fertilize an egg.
Vaginal Gels
Pills
Vaginal Cream
Depo-Provera Shot
Spermicide
Oral contraceptive
Foams
Glycerin Films
Transdermal patch
Intrauterine Device
30
INTELLECTUAL SELF
CHARLES SPEARMAN
• He proposed the g factor theory, which
holds that an underlying factor of general
intelligence exists that forms the foundation
out of which all intellectual abilities rise.
• Intelligence is the single factor that enables
problem solving and doing well in all areas
of cognition.
• He also felt that levels of general
intelligence could predict levels of specific
abilities.
31
INTELLECTUAL SELF
LOUIS LEON THURSTONE
• Intelligence is composed of several
different factors these seven primary
mental abilities were verbal
comprehension, word fluency, number
facility, spatial visualization, associative
memory, perceptual speed and reasoning.
• Thurstone scale was the first formal
technique to measure an attitude
32
INTELLECTUAL SELF
RAYMOND CATTELL
• Crystallized intelligence Involves
knowledge that comes from prior learning
and past experiences.
• Fluid intelligence "the ability to perceive
relationships independent of previous
specific practice or instruction concerning
those relationships.“
33
INTELLECTUAL SELF
ROBERT STERNBERG
• Intelligence consists of the componential,
experiential, and contextual intelligence.
34
INTELLECTUAL SELF
HOWARD GARDNER
• theory of multiple intelligences
• He proposed that there are eight
intelligences, and has suggested the
possible addition of a ninth known as
"existentialist intelligence."
35
MIDTERM REVIEWER
SPIRITUALITY- Concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material
matters.
SOCIAL-Function of Religion that control conflict resolution and building group
solidarity.
EMOTIONAL- Function of religion that helps individuals to cope up with
anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, death and other
misfortunes.
COGNITIVE-Function of Religion that enables humans to explain the
unexplainable phenomena.
36
MIDTERM REVIEWER
RUSSELL BELK-He believed our possessions are a major contributor to and
reflection of our identities.
WILLIAM JAMES-He considered body as initial source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality.
WILHELM REICH-He postulated that the mind and body are one; all
psychological processes are part of physical processes, and vice versa.
B.F. SKINNER-He postulated that the role of the body is of primary importance.
37
MIDTERM REVIEWER
SIGMUND FREUD-He said that the construction of self and personality makes
the physical body the core of human experience.
DIGITAL SELF-It is the mask that we put on to draw in the innovative world.
POLITICAL SELF-It is collective action, shared vision, means of sustainable
future and the link to generation.
INSTRUMENTAL-An individual act in accordance with rules and identities
consistent with supportive of democratic processes.
38
MIDTERM REVIEWER
SELF-PRESENTATION-Behavior that attempts to convey some information
about oneself or some image of oneself to other people.
TRANSFORMATIVE -Includes process of self-reflection and redefinition of
individuals, institutions and communities.
OUGHT SELF-Refers to the attributes an individual ought to possess.
ERIKSON-The role of bodily organs is especially important in early
developmental stages of a person’s life.
39
MIDTERM REVIEWER
SELF CONSTRUCTION-I want people to see the real me or who i really am.
PLEASING THE AUDIENCE -I would post on my social media account what
people thought of me or what they want to see in me.
HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM-It is an organ system by which reproduces
and bear live offspring.
TRANSGENDERISM-Viewed themselves as third gender.
Transgenderism are people who view themselves as a third gender.
40
THANK
YOU!
41