Organelles Organelles in in Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cells Cells What are What are the the functions functions of of different different organelles organelles in in a a cell? cell? Why? why? The The cell cell is is the the basic basic unit unit and and building building block block of of all all living living things. things. Organisms Organisms rely rely on on their their cells cells to to perform perform all within different all necessary necessary functions functions of of life. life. Certain Certain functions functions are are carried carried out out within different structures structures of of the the cell. cell. These structures These structures are are called called organelles. organelles. Model 11 -– How Is Model Is a a Cell cell Like Like a a Factory? Factory? Vacuole Vacuole Lysosomes A Cell membrane O O D Part factory Part of of factory Cell Cell organelle organelle Function Function Control Control room room (E) (E) Nucleus Nucleus Contains Contains and and protects genetic protects genetic material material (DNA) (DNA) Factory Factory manager manager DNA/chromoDNA/chromosomes somes Information Information for for making making proteins proteins Ribosomes Ribosomes Make Make proteins proteins (B) (B) Endoplasmic Endoplasmic reticulum reticulum (ER) (ER) Transports Transports and and finishes finishes proteins proteins and and other other biologibiological cal molecules molecules Custodians Custodians (A) (A) Lysosomes Lysosomes Power Power generators generators (H) (H) Mitochondria Mitochondria produces energy Shipping Shipping department department (C) (C) Golgi Golgi apparatus apparatus transports materials Factory Factory interior interior (G) (G) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Space work to Space for for work to be done be done Vesicles Cellular Cellular packpackage containing age containing products products such such as as protein protein E ER B Nucleus O RibosomeAssembly F Assembly workers (F) workers (F) G Production line line Cytoplasm Production c Golgi C H Vesicles Vesicles Mitochondria Items Items to to be be shipped shipped Warehouse Warehouse Vacuole Vacuole Loading Loading dock dock Pores/gated Pores/gated channels channels Points Points of of entry entry and and exit exit for for materials materials Security Security fence fence (D) (D) Cell Cell membrane membrane protects the cell for for storage storage of of products products Organelles Organelles in in Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cells Cells Vesicles breaks down molecules a storage space 11 1. with the 1. Using Using the the letters letters from from the the table table in in Model Model 1, 1, label label the the cell cell diagram diagram with the organelle organelle names. names. 2. According to 2. According to the the table, table, a. what substance a. what substance is is analogous analogous to to a a factory factory manager? manager? DNA b. what organelle would this b. in in what organelle would this substance substance be be found? found? Nucleus 3. which cell 3. Using Using the the information information in in Question Question 2, 2, which cell organelle organelle controls controls the the activities activities of of the the entire entire cell? cell? The nucleus 4. Which organelle 4. Which organelle generates generates energy energy to to power power cellular cellular activities? activities? Mitochondria 5. Which organelle 5. Which organelle is is responsible responsible for for assembling assembling proteins? proteins? Ribosomes 6. which organelle would they 6. Once Once proteins proteins have have been been assembled, assembled, to to which organelle would they go go next? next? ER 7. what organelle 7. Into Into what organelle might might the the cellular cellular products products be be placed? placed? Vacuole 8. 8. Fill Fill in in the the missing missing functions functions of of cellular cellular organelles organelles in in the the table table in in Model Model 1. 1. STOP 9. with instructions 9. Starting Starting with instructions from from the the factory factory manager manager (DNA/chromosomes), (DNA/chromosomes), create create a a flow flow chart chart to to show how a protein is produced and shipped from a cell. show how a protein is produced and shipped from a cell. DNA --> nucleus --> ribosomes --> ER --> Golgi apparatus --> vesicle --> cell membrane STOP 22 ™ POGIL Activities for POGILTM Activities for High High School School Biology Biology Model 2Model 2 – Animal Animal Cells with Organelle(s) Cells with Organelle(s) Removed Removed Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cell 5 Cell 6 gee gee Cell 7 Organelles Organelles in in Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cells Cells Cell 8 Cell 9 3 10. Which cell 10. Study Study the the cells cells in in Model Model 2. 2. Which cell is is not not missing missing any any organelles organelles compared compared to to Model Model 1? 1? cell 9 11. what kind 11. Look Look carefully carefully at at Cell Cell 2 2 in in Model Model 2. 2. Compared Compared to to Model Model 1, 1, what kind of of organelle organelle is is missing? missing? Mitochondria 12. why Cell would not 12. Using Using grammatically grammatically correct correct sentences, sentences, describe describe why Cell 2 2 would not function function normally. normally. Cell 2 would not function normally because it is missing the mitochondria. Without it, cell 2 will not be able to produce energy, thus, not function normally. 13. Which two will have wastes within within the 13. Which two cells cells in in Model Model 2 2 will have difficulty difficulty containing containing and and getting getting rid rid of of wastes the cell? Why? cell? Why? Cell 3 and cell 5 because cell 3 is missing the cell membrane, and cell 5 is missing the lysosome. 14. why Cell will not 14. Cell Cell 1 1 is is missing missing one one organelle. organelle. List List as as many many reasons reasons as as possible possible why Cell 1 1 will not survive. survive. no growth, no genetic information, no enzymes 15. will not What molecule 15. Cell Cell 4 4 and and Cell Cell 7 7 will not be be able able to to synthesize synthesize a a major major biological biological molecule. molecule. What molecule is is this? this? proteins 44 ™ POGIL Activities for POGILTM Activities for High High School School Biology Biology Model – Animal Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell vs. Plant Cell Cell Model 3 3— Animal Cell Plant Cell 16. 16. Do Do both both cells cells in in Model Model 3 3 have have a a nucleus? nucleus? yes 17. 17. Do Do both both cells cells in in Model Model 3 3 have have mitochondria? mitochondria? yes 18. 18. Describe Describe at at least least three three differences differences between between the the animal animal and and plant plant cells cells shown shown in in Model Model 3. 3. Plant cells have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a large vacuole. Organelles Organelles in in Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cells Cells 55 Read Read This! This! Plant They include wall, large Plant cells cells have have three three organelles organelles not not found found in in animal animal cells. cells. They include the the cell cell wall, large central central vacuole, and plastids (including chloroplasts). vacuole, and plastids (including chloroplasts). 19. 19. Complete Complete the the table table below below using using the the three three plant plant organelles organelles mentioned mentioned in in the the Read Read This! This! box. box. Organelle Organelle vacuole cell wall chloroplasts Function Function Fluid-filled water, enzymes, waste products. Fluid-filled organelle organelle stores stores water, enzymes, and and waste products. Size Size of of this this organelle organelle can can change. change. Supports Supports and and protects protects the the cell. cell. Some Some store store food food or or pigments; pigments; some some convert convert light light energy energy to to chemical chemical energy energy in in the the form form of of organic organic compounds. compounds. 20. 20. Label Label each each of of these these three three organelles organelles on on the the plant plant cell cell diagram diagram in in Model Model 3. 3. STOP 21. why it 21. Individually, Individually, in in one one grammatically grammatically correct correct sentence, sentence, describe describe why it is is necessary necessary for for plants plants to to have have chloroplasts. chloroplasts. Plants have chloroplasts to produce carbohydrates since it is the only way they get food. 22. As aa group, 22. As group, reach reach a a consensus consensus on on the the answer answer to to Question Question 21. 21. Record Record the the answer answer below. below. 23. vacuole stores water. What What would would happen vacuole if 23. The The central central vacuole stores water. happen to to the the size size of of the the central central vacuole if a a plant plant does water? does not not have have enough enough water? The plant would dehydrate and wilt. 24. vacuole in well-watered plant. What effect would this 24. Describe Describe the the appearance appearance of of the the vacuole in a a well-watered plant. What effect would this have have on on the wall of the cell cell wall of the the plant? plant? The vacuole would be full and large, not shriveled. 25. your response why aa plant 25. Using Using your response to to Question Question 24, 24, construct construct an an explanation explanation for for why plant has has both both a a rigid rigid cell wall and cell wall and aa cellular cellular membrane. membrane. The cell wall keeps the shape of the cell and the plant.The cell membrane controls the entry and exit of nutrients and waste. 66 ™ POGIL Activities for POGILTM Activities for High High School School Biology Biology Extension Extension Questions Questions Read Read This! This! All cells All cells undergo undergo cellular cellular respiration respiration for for the the production production of of energy. energy. Energy Energy activity within the activity within the cell. cell. is is necessary necessary for for all all metabolic metabolic The formula The formula for for cellular cellular respiration respiration is is C H 12O O ++ energy/ATP CH O 66 ++ 6O 6022 ⎯⎯→ 6CO 6C022 + + 6H 6H20 energy/ATP 66 12 2 Plants The glucose Plants carry carry out out photosynthesis photosynthesis for for the the production production of of glucose. glucose. The glucose then then becomes becomes the the energy energy source for cellular respiration. source for cellular respiration. The formula The formula for for photosynthesis photosynthesis is is Sun’s Sun's energy energy 6CO O ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ C H12O6 ++ 6O 6C022 ++ 6H 61--120 C661--11206 6022 2 26. 26. Study Study the the information information given given in in the the Read Read This! This! box. box. a. what organelle a. In In what organelle does does cellular cellular respiration respiration occur? occur? Mitochondria b. b. Do Do plant plant and and animal animal cells cells both both have have this this structure? structure? Yes 27. what organelle 27. In In what organelle does does photosynthesis photosynthesis occur? occur? Do Do plant plant and and animal animal cells cells both both have have this this structure? structure? Chloroplasts, only found in plant cells. 28. 28. Using Using the the equations equations above, above, explain explain the the relationship relationship between between mitochondria mitochondria and and chloroplasts. chloroplasts. Chloroplasts produce carbohydrates while mitochondria uses carbohydrates to produce energy/atp. 29. 29. Plants Plants have have both both mitochondria mitochondria and and chloroplasts; chloroplasts; they they can can produce produce their their own own glucose glucose to to fuel fuel cellular Animal cells, cellular respiration. respiration. Animal cells, on on the the other other hand, hand, have have only only mitochondria. mitochondria. If If an an animal animal eats eats only meat what would be its source of glucose? only meat what would be its source of glucose? The glucose that hasn't been broken down yet in the animal tissue. This would probably not be a sufficient source of glucose. 30. Where in would you you find with aa large Why? 30. Where in the the human human body body would find cells cells with large number number of of mitochondria? mitochondria? Why? Muscle tissues/cells, because they need energy for movement. Organelles Organelles in in Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cells Cells 77
