nd 2 Quarter Module 3 in PE & HEALTH for Grade 12 Dance- related Injuries Scheduled Time: NAME: _______________________________ GRADE: ________________________ PREPARED BY: Famelle B. Caputol Subject Teacher For Inquiries: Famelle Caputol #09568471375 1 Introduction This module is designed to explore knowledge and skills that will help you and your family develop a lifelong habit of physical fitness and wellness. Nowadays, people are less physically active because of various reasons, one of which is the advancement of science and technology. Many people no longer participate in any fitness-relevant activities. While we are aware of the health benefits and importance derived from engaging in physical activities, we tend to take its significance for granted. Unfortunately, many young people do not engage in worthwhile physical activities anymore. This may be due to your youth, your inability to execute them well, or your current health status. Being physically fit and healthy can help you get through with the stresses and demands of life. It improves your self-esteem, develops your confidence, and clarifies your self-concept which can only be realized as you get older. This Learning Module in Physical Education & Health for Grade 12 students is an informative and engaging module designed to meet the needs of the 21st century learners. This aims to promote positive attitude towards physical activity, set goals for lifelong health and provide skills to optimize own as well as other’s fitness & health. A learning resource to develop independent, active, and lifelong learners wholly anchored on the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) of the K-12 Basic Education Curriculum. Specifically, the sixth module of the second quarter focuses on the different Dance- Related Injuries which consists of detailed information and highly interactive activities necessary for deeply understanding the next topics and modules in Health Optimizing P.E 3. Specifically, after completing the tasks in this module, you should be able to: a. b. c. d. Know the different risk factors influence injury Identify and explain the difference of acute injuries and chronic injuries Demonstrate effectively how to administer first aid to manage injury Relay the importance of injury management 2 Dance- Related Injuries The popularity of dance and dance-related competitions in the recent years saw a concomitant rise in dance- related injuries. Similar to athletes, dancers are highly motivated to perform well. They push their body to the limit and spend hours in technique training and mastering a choreography. On the other hand, dancers place great value on their physique that they often do not get proper nourishment, a habit that could impede their recovery. These and other factors predispose a dancer to injury. An injury is tissue or organ damage due to mechanical trauma. The musculoskeletal structures commonly injured in a dancer are the muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones and joints Injury Risk Factors Researchers tried to identify the factors that influence injury risk. According to the Meeuwisse model (1994), some intrinsic factors predispose an individual to injury and another set of extrinsic factors increase the susceptibility of an invidual. However these risk factors require an event that will lead to an injury. The following factors are common among dancers who have injury: 1. Poor body alignment and technique 2. Excessive training duration and intensity 3. Hard dance floor 4. Poor shoe design 5. Muscle imbalance What are the common types of dance-related injuries? There are two types of musculoskeletal injuries: Acute & Chronic. Acute injuries occur when the mechanical force that is absorbed by the musculoskeletal structure is more than what it is accustomed to. The onset of pain and other symptoms occur immediately after the impact. Chronic injuries occur due to repetitive trauma and the body is not given enough time to recover. The onset of pain and other symptoms occur at a gradual rate, which is usually worsened with activity or training. 3 Common Acute Dance- related Injuries Type of Injury Ankle Sprain Cause Twists the ankle after a jump Symptom Pain at the side of the ankle Dancer’s Fracture Twists the foot when turning Pain at the outer part of the foot Back Strain Sudden movement of the trunk Twists the knee after a jump Pain and stiffness in the low back Pain and weakness in the knee ACL Tear Prevention Exercises that strengthen the ankle and improve balance Exercises that strengthen the foot and improve balance Proper posture and technique Exercises that strengthen the knee and improve balance Common Chronic Dance- related Injuries Forearm Fracture Stress Fracture Achilles Tendinosis Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Plantar Fasciitis Hip and knee Osteoarthritis Falls on an outstretched arm Prolonged repetitive loading Excessive training Muscle imbalance Poor foot mechanics and hard dance floor Prolonged repetitive loading Pain and deformity near the wrist. Pain at the front of leg (shin) Pain near the heel in the morning Pain at the side of the knee Pain at the sole when they take a step after sleeping Pain that worsens over time Fall on the side or buttocks Adequate rest Adequate rest Strengthening and flexibility exercises Proper technique and footwear Adequate rest What are some strategies that could reduce injury risk? The cause of injury is an interplay of the factors that make an individual susceptible to injury and biomechanical stress experienced by the musculoskeletal structure. While there are no strategies that would totally prevent someone from getting injured, the risk of getting injured is significantly reduced when the factors associated with injury are addressed. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Programmed exercise and training Adequate recovery Appropriate environment Proper footwear Proper warm-up and technique Cross training Early recognition 4 MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE AND OVERUSE INJURIES The role of the first responder is to recognize the location of injury, type of injury severity of injury and the appropriate first aid procedure to apply. Alleviating pain and restricting movement can manage soft tissue injuries that are not severe. The PRICE Principle can be used to help relieve pain and control inflammation. PRICE Principle P- Protect R- rest I Ice C- Compression E- Elevation The price principle is applicable to soft tissue injuries that are not severe and the body can heal it on its own. Severe soft tissue injuries such as ruptured tendon will need surgical interventions before healing can occur. Another first aid procedure for fractures and dislocation is immobilization. Immobilization restricts movement of the injured limb and prevents the injury from getting aggravated while transporting the injured person to the nearest medical facility. There are 3 different types of immobilization techniques depending on the type of immobilization material: rigid, soft and anatomical. STRESS AND INJURY What are the sources of stress for dance athletes? Dance athletes battle with environmental demands and personal expectations. The inability to cope with these demands and expectations subjects the dance athlete to a stressful situation. The common sources of stress among dance athletes include the following: 1. Body image 2. Technique 5 3. Performance 4. Injury Here are some tips to minimize stress: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Accept that you are unique. Invest in training and enhancing your technique Prepare your mind and body for performance Perform breathing exercises Experience the joy when you dance. Remember the popular quote “Dance to express, not to impress” LET’S DO THIS! Activity 1. Synthesis (Answer in less than 4 sentences) 1. Do you think dancers are at a higher risk for injury as compared to other athletes? Why? (5pts) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 2. What is the difference between Acute Injury and Chronic Injury? (5pts) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________. 3. How does stress and injury affect a dance athlete? (5pts) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 4. Why is first aid important in managing dance-related injury? (5pts) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________. 6
