METHODS OF
RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION TO METHODS OF RESEARCH
MODULE #1
Dr. Ronaldo A. Tan
What is Research?
Research comprises “creative work undertaken on a systematic
basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including
knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this
stock of knowledge to devise new applications.”
•
OECD (2002) Frascati Manual: proposed standard
practice for surveys on research and experimental
development, 6th edition. Retrieved 27 May 2012
from www.oecd.org/sti/frascatimanual
What is Research?
Scientific research is a systematic way of gathering data, a harnessing
of curiosity.
Scientific research can be subdivided into different classifications
according to their academic and application disciplines.
•
J. Scott Armstrong and Tad Sperry (1994). “Business
School Prestige: Research versus Teaching”. Energy &
Environment 18 (2): 13–43.
What is Research?
“In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes
any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of
knowledge.”[
•
Shuttleworth, Martyn (2008). “Definitions of
Research”. Explorable. Explorable.com. Retrieved14
August 2011.
What is Research?
“Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information
to increase our understanding of a topic or issue”.
It consists of three steps:
1. Pose a question,
2. collect data to answer the question, and
3. present an answer to the question
•
Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning,
conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative
research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson.
How do we define RESEARCH?
Research is a process of systematic
inquiry that entails
• collection of data;
• documentation of critical
information; and
• analysis and interpretation
How do we define RESEARCH?
Research is defined as
• the creation of new knowledge
• the use of existing knowledge
in a new and creative way
• development of new concepts
or the advancement of existing
knowledge and theories
What are the Purposes of Research?
Although research can take many forms, there are
three main purposes of research:
1. Exploratory
2. Descriptive
3. Explanatory
Types of Research
Research can be divided into two main types:
basic research (also known as pure research) and
applied research.
• Basic research
• Applied research
What is Methods of Research?
Research methods are the
strategies, processes or
techniques utilized in the
collection of data or evidence
for analysis in order to
uncover new information or
create better understanding
of a topic.
Types of Research Method
• Quantitative Research
• Qualitative Research
• Mixed Method
Research
END OF LECTURE