What is IoT ?
• The connection via the internet of computing
devices embedded in everyday objects,
enabling them to send and receive data.
(Lexico.com).
• Refers to both physical and virtual objects which
have unique identities and are connected to the
Internet to facilitate intelligent applications.
(Bagha, A & Madisetti, V. 2014)
It means taking ‘things’
and connecting them to
the Internet.
The Purpose of IoT
• Enable objects to become ‘smart’, accessible,
and data capable, thereby benefitting from
advances in communications, computation
and interconnectivity.
• Combine hardware, software, data, platforms
and services to create innovative
opportunities for more direct integration of
the physical world and objects into computerbased, Internet enabled systems.
• Improve efficiency, accuracy, social and
economic benefit.
How IoT works
• IoT allows ‘things’ to communicate
and exchange data.
• IoT is used to infer information and
knowledge from data.
• This knowledge is put towards
improving efficiency, productivity,
and smarter performance.
Data
Information
Knowledge
• Raw and
unprocessed
data obtained
from IoT devices,
systems and
sensors
• Information
created by
filtering,
processing,
categorising and
contextualising
data
• Knowledge is
inferred by
organising and
structuring
information,
which can be
actioned upon to
create smarter
performance
IoT Applications
IoT Growth
• Experts forecast excess of 50 billion
devices or ‘things’ connected to the
Internet by the end of 2021
(Gartner.com.2019)
• IoT spending to maintain a double-digit
annual growth rate, surpassing the $1
trillion mark in 2022 (IDC. 2019)
• Consumer IoT spending will reach $108
billion with smart home, personal
wellbeing, and connected vehicle
infotainment being leading consumer
cases (IDC. 2019)
Popular IoT devices
• Google Home voice controller
• Ring doorbell
• Amazon Echo
• Logitech Harmony universal remote
• Fitbit
• ESP32 system on a chip
• Bigbelly Smart waste management
system
• Raspberry Pi & Arduino
microprocessors
• Medication dispensing
• Ordroid
• Libelium Waspnote sensor nodes
• Hive Connected Home
IoT Features
Intelligence
Connectivity
Dynamic Nature
Enormous Scale
Sensing
Heterogeneity
IoT Benefits
Enhanced
productivity
Provides ample
business
opportunities
Improved asset
utilisation
Safety and
security
Real-time
analytics
Historical
analysis
Smooth
operation
Cost
optimisation
Enhance
customer
experience
IoT Pros and Cons
Advantages
Disadvantages
• Improved customer engagement
• Security and Privacy
• Technology Optimisation
• Complexity
• Reduced Waste
• Dependability
• Enhanced Data Collection
• Compliance
• Automation
• Fewer jobs
IoT Conclusions
• IoT is everywhere! There are many applications and industries
where IoT is used.
• IoT provides ambient intelligence to objects by connecting them
and making them act in unison.
• IoT converges with other existing and emerging technologies.
• IoT continues to grow exponentially.
• Identifying and sensing is a fundamental component of IoT.
• Gather + Connect + Collect + Manage and Analyse = IoT
Questions?
References and Bibliography:
References:
 Bagha, Arshdeep & Madisetti, Vijay. (2014) Internet of Things: A Hands-on Approach. 1st Ed. VPT.

Evans, Dave. (2011). How the Next Evolution of the Internet Is Changing Everything. Available:
https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0411FINAL.pdf. Last accessed 19/11/2021.

Framingham, Mass. (2019). IDC Forecasts Worldwide Spending on the Internet of Things to Reach $745 Billion in 2019. Available:
https://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS44596319. Last accessed 19/11/2021

Gartner. (2011). Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2011. Available: https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/1754719/hypecycle-for-emerging-technologies-2011. Last accessed 19/11/2021.

Lexico.com. (2020). Internet of Things. Available: https://www.lexico.com/definition/internet_of_things. Last accessed 16/11/2021.
Textbooks:
 Bagha, Arshdeep & Madisetti, Vijay. (2014) Internet of Things: A Hands on Approach. 1st Ed. VPT.
Websites:
 http://www.techtarget.com – General Reference. Last Accessed: 20/11/2021
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ – General Reference. Last Accessed: 20/11/2021
 https://www.gartner.com – General reference. Last Accessed 20/11/2021