Transportation Management
SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE
in
TPC 109
(TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT)
Prepared by:
MARK JEFFERSON L. MAUYAO
Second Semester
AY 2021-2022
Transportation Management
COURSE DETAILS
COURSE NO.
TPC 109
COURSE TITLE TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
COURSE
This course discusses the general knowledge of transportation, its role in
DESCRIPTION
tourism, planning, and policies. The content includes transportation
systems, various aspects of tourism-related forms of transportation,
modes of transportation, transportation operation including concepts
and methods of analysis, infrastructure, and geographical and legal
factors relating to local and international transportation. Topics include
discussions of surface, air and water transportation; organization,
operations and regulatory and marketing aspects; examination of the
inter-model concept; and the social, economic, and political factors that
have influenced government transportation priorities.
NO. OF UNITS
3 units
PREREQUISITE
None
Transportation Management
Week
01
Transport Management in Tourism
TPC 109
BSTM 3
INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
Learning Objectives
At the
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


end of the chapter, the students can:
Discuss the relationship of tourism and transportation
Explain the effects of transportation on tourism development
Explain what is transportation management
Determine the disadvantage and disadvantage of mass transportation
Discussion
TOURISM AND TRANSPORTATION
Tourism is the movement of people from their usual place of residence to another.
(destination) for either pleasure, recreation or other purpose. The transportation
industry is responsible for moving people, animals, and goods from one location to
another, whether by land, air, or sea. Transportation has been an essential piece of the
travel industry. There is a general understanding that travel industry grows more when
there are better transportation frameworks.
THREE CRITICAL ASPECTS THAT FRAME THE TRANSPORT/TOURISM
RELATIONSHIP:
1. Tourists ultimately travel to and from a destination (or several destinations).
2. Understanding supply and demand characteristics in relation to tourism is critical in
the planning and management of transport infrastructure.
3. The dynamic nature of transport can have significant impact on tourism in a
destination; (disruptions can be natural or business)
RISE IN TOURISM SECTOR AND LEISURE TRAVELLING
The global travel and tourism sector grew at 3.9%, contributing a record of USD
8.8 trillion to the world economy, during 2018. The global tourism industry grew faster
than the global economy for the eighth successive year (3.9% for travel and tourism
versus 3.2% for the global GDP).
In 2018, travel and tourism increased its share of leisure spending to 78.5%, from
77.5% in 2017. Additionally, spending from international tourists increased to 28.8% in
2018. Europe and Asia-Pacific are the major tourist destinations for both domestic and
international travels. Both the regions dominated the international tourist's arrivals
with Europe reaching 713 million and Asia-Pacific reaching 343 million, in 2018. In
Europe, France witnessed the highest footfall of international tourists, followed by Spain
and Italy.
Increase in disposable income in emerging economies such as China and India
have allowed customers to spend on travel. Air travel industry grew by 6% in 2018. This
is resulted in increased usage of Airport transportation system. More than 50% of car
rental revenue came from airport usage in 2019 which is expected to grow to 57.66% by
2025
Transportation Management
EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION ON TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT.
Transportation is vital to tourism. Studies have shown that tourists spend almost
30 to 40 percent of their total holiday expenditure on transportation and the remaining
on food, accommodation, and other activities.
• Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions.
• Transportation affects the mobility of tourists, in addition to influencing their demand
and motivation to visit a certain tourist destination.
• Transport networks play a key role in development of new tourist destinations,
especially in context of accessibility and connectivity: The ability of a destination to
attract tourists is largely dependent on the availability and efficiency of transport needed
to travel to that destination.
• Transportation is also important in terms of promoting the growth and development
of existing tourist destinations. On the other hand, transportation leads to pollution,
and this can affect both the wildlife and the natural habitat, thereby driving tourism
away.
TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM
The travel and tourism industry are reliant on transportation service providers.
Getting people from one place to another isn't as direct as it looks. Clients expect and
demand the highest quality transportation for the lowest possible price. Considering
budgets while retaining constantly high transportation standards is challenge in tour
and travel industry. Strategic transportation management in tourism helps guarantee
the right means of transport is provided at the right time and for the right price.
PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
There are two fundamental principles guiding transportation management and
operations. They are economy of scale and of distance.
1. Economy of scale
It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of weight decreases
when the size of the shipment increases. It is common knowledge that larger the
capacity of the transport vehicle more goods can be transported at a time which will
decrease the cost per unit of transport. If smaller is the capacity of the transport vehicle
then to transport a large amount of goods, more trips will have to be made which will
increase the cost per unit of transport. E.g.: Rail or water transport is less expensive in
case of bulk transport than smaller capacity vehicles like motor or air.
2. Economy of distance
It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of distance
decreases as distance increases. Transportation economy of distance is also referred to
as a tapering principle since rates or charges taper (decrease) with distance. The
rationale of economies of distance is similar to that for economies of scale. Longer
distances allow the fixed expenses. to be spread over more miles, resulting in lower
overall per mile charge.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT
Transportation Management
Private transportation
Private transport is the personal or individual use of transportation vehicles
which are not available for use by the general public, where essentially the user can
decide freely on the time and route of transit, using vehicles such as: private car, bicycle,
motorcycle, scooter, etc
Public transport
Public transport is a system of transport for passengers by group travel systems
available for use by the general public, typically managed on a schedule, operated on
established routes, and that charge a posted fee for each trip.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MASS TRANSPORTATION
Advantage of Mass Transportation
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Environmental Impacts
Mass transit is believed to be more environmentally friendly than other public
transport facilities, Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and
other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number
of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars.

Social Impacts of Mass Transit
All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast
are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a
driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable
to drive.

Economic Impacts of Mass Transit
Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the
public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial
developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Transit systems
also have an indirect positive effect on other businesses. Mass transit systems offer
considerable savings in labor, materials, and energy over private transit systems. Also
Transportation Management
mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations
in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their
larger capacity offering them to carry highly efficient engines they also help in saving
fuels.
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Reduces congestion
The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the
road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus
eliminating congestion.
 Saves Time
Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and
stops only at specific spots.
 Cost Effective
Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport.
Disadvantages of Mass Transportation
The desirable features of mass transit systems are balanced by a number of
serious drawbacks. In the first place, such systems are economically feasible only in
areas that have relatively large populations. As the number of inhabitants per square
mile decreases, the efficiency of a mass transportation system also decreases.
Mass transit systems are also very expensive to build and to operate. This factor
becomes more important when cities decide to install mass transit systems long after
development has already taken place and disruption of existing structures is a serious
problem. Since mass transit systems seldom receive the government assistance provided
to highway construction, consumers often have to pay a higher fraction of the costs of
using mass transportation.
People complain about mass transportation systems also because they can be
crowded, uncomfortable, dirty, and unreliable. Again, with limited budgets, mass transit
systems are seldom able to maintain equipment and schedules to the extent that riders
can rightly demand.
Finally, mass transportation systems are simply not as convenient as the
automobile. A person can step into her or his car and drive virtually anywhere with a
minimum of inconvenience. No mass transportation system can approach this level of
ease.
Transportation Management