KIU Department of Management Bachelor of Management Honors in ACC/HRM/MKT Individual assignment Subject name: research methodology Subject code: MGT2301 Examination ID number: KIU/M/003127 Name of student: D.M.M.A Dissanayake Lecturer’s name: MS. Chandima Sanjeewani . Deadline of the assignment: 22/05/2021 Submission date: 22/05/2021 Research proposal Determine factors affecting young labor turnover in the garment industry The case study of Gamapah District By D.M.M.A Dissanayake A Research proposal BACHOLER OF HUMAN RASEOURSE MANAGEMENT 2021 Field of specialization: Human resource management Department of Human resource management Faculty of Management KIU Koswatta, Battaramulla Mr. Chandima sagewanee Lecture Department of Human resourse management Faculty of management Kiu Date – 2021/05/22 1. INTRODUCTION According to sri Lankan context apparel industry is one of the main component which contribute to the gross domestic product(GDP) The Central Bank of Sri Lanka in 1977 recorded that the growing rate in apparel sector was 18.7 percent comparing with 5.1 percent growth in 1976. After four decades, in 2017, the Central Bank Report shows that manufacturing activities in this sector expanded by 5.7 percent. According to the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), the production is increased by 4.7 percent in 2017 (Central Bank, of, & srilanka, 2018)(In addition, by December 2017 total export revenue in this sector grew by 19.4 percent (srilanka, 2018) (DailyFt, 2018). Highlighted that apparal sector has contributed 40 prrcent of all export in 2017. in However, in recent years it has been recognized that labor turnover in the apparel industry is increasing rapidly especially among women workers. (Madurawela, 2017)explained that labor shortage is excessive in apparel industry due to low social recognition and bad reputation for the job. Further, this report highlighted that female unemployment rate was 7.6 percent in 2015, while male unemployment rate was 3 percent. Even though, there are job opportunities in the sector, women refused to joint to the industry or leaving within very short period of time after joining the industry. (Dheerasinghe, 2003) shows that total average turnover is 60 percent per annum in the industry. However, after shifting from one factory to another factory, net turnover is counted as 25 per cent still shows very high. The labor Demand Survey 2017 conducted by Department of Census and Statistics (2018) revealed that there is very high demand for Sewing machine operators, nearly 40 percent of total demand. It is the highest demanded occupation, while second largest demand for other manufacturing labor is only 14.4 percent. To reduce the labor turnover and increase employee satisfaction, many successive governments in Sri Lanka make policies. To reduce the issues related to the housing facilities “200 garment factories in rural area” program launched in 1994, but in 1996 only 164 factories were in operation and in 2017 most of the factories were closed due to lack of labor (Dailymirror, 2016). To maintain stable income for the workers, minimum wages rate was introduced to the sector. However, still they are struggling, with wages, housing facilities, career development, job security, over work load, transportation facilities and bad reputation for the sector etc. Background information Apparel sector play a major role in each and every country because it is the responsible sector for providing clothes, shoes, ETC to everyone, therefor it is world largest industry and more than 430 million of labor force have in apparel industry. On other hand demand for the government commodities rising day by day because rapid population increasement. There always a need for producing enough apparel product for growing population and design changing, that is why apparel industry play major role in worldwide On the other hand, we have to give great place for the apparel industry. Most of the people especially rural area try to get out form this industry with so many reasons. So we need to stop that and for stop these things. We need to promote and need to give understanding about importance of apparel industry. People in urban areas employees already practicing producing apparel products and we need to promote this industry rural area as well, and also we can join young generation in that area for it among that young generation in here. For the research. I focus the young woman’s and men’s who live in rural area specifically in gampaha district Consider about the apparel industry workers. They play a critical role in the society and they have a power to change the world. So, their contribution is very important to a promote an apparel industry as well as the economy of the country When consider about the young labor turnover in garment industry, it is at the high level when compire with other sector (rajapaksha, 2015) In recent years according to the report, the young labor force turnover is high with some reason especially rural area labor turnover So, I focus into the research. The importance of young labor force as well as the determent the factor toward to young labor turn over in gampaha district 2. Problem statement and identification As mention above labor turn over in apparel industry is increasing with the time, it is directly affect to the decreasing the national income, economic rate of the country as well as can happened some losses Therefor study need to be done to identify the factors that are associate with the high labor turnover in garment sector in gampaha district Therefor thought that research. It describes this issues under several topic Why does labor turnover is high in apparel industry? What are the factors being effect to the high labor turnover in apparel industry? What is the relationship between independent variables and dependent variable? What is the solution that can be used to decrees the labor turnover in apparel industry? Broad Objectives and purpose of research To identify the factors which are influence to high labor turnover on apparel industry in gampaha district Specific objectives To identify the constraint, face by the worker in participating production in apparel industry To evaluate the men and women participation in decision making activates in apparel industry To evaluate the correction between labor turnover and reasons of labor turnover in apparel industry 3. Literature reviews (smith, and, & ragon, 1981) revealed that the difference of wages among gender was another cause for turnover. They mentioned that there was evidence that aggregate relationship between pay levels and turnover rates. This factor alone was not led employees to quit from the job. (weerasinghe,T.D, Batagoda. C.K, and, & Nadeers, M.G.N.L, 2012) found that a retention rate of machine operators in the apparel sector was closely related to the basic salary and welfare facilities provided by the firm. Occupational category is another factor for employees’ intention to quit. Price (1975) and William (1982) integrated published literature on labor turnover by occupational group. They concluded that there was some support for the generalizations for the turnover. Accordingly, turnover is higher: (a) among bluecollar workers than white-collar workers; (b) lower skill levels within blue collar; and (c) non-managerial categories. (Sandeepanie, M.H.R; and; Ubayachandra, E.G;, 2015) found that retention rates of different occupations depend on mixed factors such as salaries, motivations, and promotions amongst other things Job content can be another cause for employee turnover. Main factors categorized in job content are job autonomy, responsibility, recognition and lack of task reutilization which are lead to employee motivation (, Jegede, A; and; Ola-Olorun, O.;, 2017) (PRICE, 1989), and (Stum, 1998)stressed that there is a weak but consistent positive relationship with reutilization and turnover. (Mobley, 1982) and Grae n (1978) indicate a positive relationship between supervisory style and labor turnover. A person oriented supervisory style is negatively correlated with labor turnover while task oriented style has positive correlation. William (1982) and Kweller (1998) explain that marriage has a correlation with turnover. Fernando (Quoted in, Wijesekara, 2017) says. “Many families refused to accept a bride who worked in the apparel sector because of the bad reputation they were supposed to have.” Stum (1998), Kweller (1998), Madurawala (2017) and Wijesekera (2017) stressed that child care and pregnancy was another main factor for female employees to quit. William (1982) and Kweller (1998) further highlight that personal illness especially unable to recover would be lead to quit from Cooke (1980), Price (1975), William (1982), Mobley (1982), and Stum (1998) emphasize in their studies that one of the major causes affected to the turnover was opportunity to get new job with higher payment or higher grade or match with their career goals. (Mobley W. , 1977), (Price, 1975), argued that neither a strong nor a consistent relationship between education and turnover was evident in the literature. As many turnover studies were based on individuals with similar education, a relationship between turnover and education was difficult to establish. But (Bloch, 1979) identified that turnover tend to be positively associated with education. He further stresses that number of years of education or more educated employees always try to seek advance career opportunities. “With higher educational qualifications, young girls don’t want to come to a garment factory and be a sewing operator,” (Madurawala, 2017) says. “They look for other jobs where they can work on computers or they can interact with people.” Therefore, turnover ratio might be increase 4. The conceptual framework According to the literature reviews, there are high numbers of factors are affecting to the labor turnover in apparel industry. According to the researcher’s that factors are mainly we can categories into Five factors. They are educational level, family, marriage and pregnancy (living and social conditions); overall working environment, job condition and salary level Independent variable Dependent variable Educational level Family Marriage and the pregnancy (Living and social condition) Overall working environment Job Condition Occupation factors Labor turnover in apparel industry 5. Hypothesis According to the literature reviews mainly five factors are affect to the labor turnover and within that factors we can create some hypothesis. H1 there is an impact of educational level and employee turnover H2 there is an impact of family, marriage and pregnancy (living and social condition) and labor turnover H3 there is an impact on overall working environment and labor turnover H4 there is an impact on job condition and labor turnover H5 there is an impact of occupation factors and labor turnover 6. Research methodology Significant of the study No such research has been done so far and especially in the gampaha district This is very high level problem at present and it really affect the development of the country as it has led to the collapse of the garment industry, the possibility of blocking a major source of foreign exchange and the rising unemployment rate Due to the fact that the garment industry is a large industry and many employees are paid by that industry, this research will enable them to discuss their questions, and demand as well as to gain a better understanding of the garment industry workers in the country This study is especially useful as there are a large number of garment factories in the gampaha district and a large of number families depends on it, it is clear that this study will be very helpful in solving their problems as well as enhance the attitudes of the workers This study gathers the factors that contribution to our major problem and through it the ability to find a solution to it and thereby help to take some steps to prevent the spread of this problem not only in the gampaha district but in sri lanka itself As a country we have to overcome all the obstacles and move forward. For that, we have to build the future ourselves, so we have to face all the challengers and overcome them. For all of this, my study is going to reveal a big problem that currently exists in our working environment , so this can help us find a permanent solution to these problem in future 7. Time framework This timeline is created with relative to the time we actually start our research and this is just a conclusion and please kindly consider about that 1. Refferences
