Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
HENLO, HOOMANS!
WELCOME TO
ABNORMAL
PSYCHOLOGY!
PSYCH313:
For this discussion, my primary refrence is:
Barlow, D. H., Mark, V., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018).
Abnormal Psychology : An Integrative Approach
(8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
I'M RAK!
I am here to RAK your world as you
pursue the study of human mind
and behavior! :)
TOPIC
OUTLINE
1
Normal vs. Abnormal behavior
2
Brief historical roots of AbPsych
3
Research Methods
4
Basic research ethics
'Wag makulit,
bhiE ha!?
Self
Diagnosis
Abnormal P sychology is the field
of science that concerns the
understanding the nature, causes,
and treatment of mental
disorders.
(Barlow et al., 2018)
HOW DO YOU
CHARACTERIZE
ABNORMALITY?
Defining abnormality
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
Suffering
Maladaptiveness
Statistical Deviancy
Violation of the standard of society
Social discomfort
Irrationality and unpredictability
• Dangerousness
The 4 Ds of ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
DYSFUNCTION
DISTRESS
DEVIANCE
DANGER
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER USED IN DIAGNOSTIC
AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF Mental Disorders5tH EDITION
(AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATIONA, 2013)
A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant
disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.
This disturbance reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological,
or developmental processes underlying mental functioning.
luHh... bhiE? Ganun pala
yun, ano? We do not
simply label a person as
having a mental disorder!!!
Ano ba yung DSM, bhiE?
Ahh... Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders. Kasama ba doon
yung pag nabaliw ako sa
pagmamahal ko sayo?
Abnormal
Psychology
NATURE
• Presenting problem
• Clinical description and
symptomatology
• Classification and
diagnosis of the problem
How common is the disorder?
• Prevalence, incidence,
gender ratio, age of onset
Pattern of the Disorder
• Chronic, episodic, time-limited,
prognosis, acute onset, insidious
onset
Abnormal
Psychology
ETIOLOGY
◦ Biological
◦ Psychoanalytic
◦ Behaviorism
◦ Humanism
◦ Socio-cultural
TREATMEN
T
Intervention and/or treatment
strategies are guided by major
theoretical perspectives
HISTORICAL
CONCEPTIONS OF
ABNORMAL
BEHAVIOR
1
Supernatural
All physical and mental disorders were
considered the work of the devil.
2
Biological
Psychological disorders might also be
caused by brain pathology or head trauma
and could be influenced by heredity
Three Dominant Traditions
3
Psychological
Psychoanalysis emphasizes the inner
dynamics of unconscious motives.
SUPERNATURAL TRADITIONS
Trephination- chipping away
an area of the skull with
crude stone instruments to
make a hole letting the evil
spirit in head to escape
through it
SUPERNATURAL TRADITIONS
SUPERNATURAL TRADITIONS
Somewhere along the
way, a creative “therapist”
decided that hanging
people over a pit full of
poisonous snakes might
scare the evil spirits right
out of their bodies.
SUPERNATURAL TRADITIONS
Strappado
Pear of Agony/ Anguish
SUPERNATURAL TRADITIONS
The Moon and the Stars
Paracelsus, a Swiss physician who lived
from 1493 to 1541, rejected notions of
possession by the devil, suggesting
instead that the movements of the moon
and stars had profound effects on
people’s psychological functioning.
BIOLOGICAL TRADITIONS
HippocraticGalenic approach
is the humoral
theory of
disorders.
BIOLOGICAL TRADITIONS
TREATMENTS
• Bleeding or Bloodletting, a
carefully measured amount of
blood was removed from the
body, often with leeches.
• The other was to induce
vomiting through eating
tobacco and a half-boiled
cabbage
BIOLOGICAL TRADITIONS
FAST FORWARD...
Louis Pasteur
Germ theory
was influential
in curing
syphilis!
John Grey
Emphasis on rest, diet, and proper room
temperature and ventilation. Grey even
invented the rotary fan to ventilate his
large hospital
Emil Kraeplin
He attempted to classify
mental disorders.
MORAL MANAGEMENT—DIED
DUE TO HIGH IMMIGRANT
POPULATION IN HOSPITALS
AND MENTAL HYGIENE
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRADITIONS
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) took the first
major steps toward understanding
psychological factors in mental disorders
KEY TERMS:
HYSTERIA, HYPNOSIS, CATHARSIS
20
late 1900s and the20th Century
Focuses on
• changing general public’s attitude towards mental
patients
• research and training in psychiatry and clinical
psychology
• rehabilitation facilities paired with community settings
• raising the importance of mental X physical health
awareness
GANERN PALA YUN.
PARANG SASABOG
ULO KO, BHIE. HEHEHE
Eh, yung pag aralan bhie yung
mga disorders, pano yun???
Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
RESEARCH
Is defined as a careful consideration
of study regarding a particular concern or a
problem using scientific methods.
What is research po?
Tsaka... Pwede po ba nakahiga sa
online class? Hehe.
Research Methods
RESEARCH BY
CORRELATION
CASE STUDY
EXPERIMENTATION
Research Methods
Case studies allow us to study a particular behavior in a
more rigorous manner. It permits us to look at cases w ith
subjects that cannot be experimented or replicated
because of other ethical and physical constraints.
CASE STUDY
Research Methods
This type of study is one that is designed to
determine the presence and degree of
relationship between variables.
• Degree of relationship
• Direction of the relationship
CORRELATION
CORRELATION≠CAUSATION
Epidemiological
research
Epidemiology is the study of the
incidence, distribution, and consequences
of a particular problem or set of
problems in one or more populations.
Source: WHO
Research by Experimentation
It involves the manupulation of variable and the
observation of its effects.
Criteria for a True Experiment:
• At least one experimental and control group.
• Researcher-manipulated variable.
• Random assignment
Clinical trial
is an experiment used to
determine the effectiveness and
safety of a treatment or
treatments.
Group experimental designs
• Control groups has the
dangers of Placebo effect
⚬ Single blind (Participants)
⚬ Double blind (Both)
Single-Case Experimental Designs
• Repeated measurements
• Withdrawal design
• Multiple Baseline
Studying Genetics
1. FAMILY STUDIES examine a behavioral
pattern or emotional trait in the context
of the family.
Proband is the family member w ith the
trait singled out for study.
2. ADOPTION STUDIES often try to see
whether siblings raised in a different
environment display the same disorder to
the same extent?
3. TWIN STUDIES
STUDYING BEHAVIOR OVER TIME
* Cross-Sectional Designs
*
Longitudinal Designs
Cohorts
cohort effect- the confounding
of age and experience, is a
Cross-generational effect
limitation of the cross-
involves trying to generalize the
sectional design
findings to groups whose
experiences are different from
those of the study participants. F
PRACTICE!
Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
WHAT DO WE MEAN
ABOUT ETHICS?
What does being
unethical mean??
Republic of the Philippines
Republic
of the Philippines
RIZAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
RIZALofTECHNOLOGICAL
Cities
Mandaluyong andUNIVERSITY
Pasig
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
The
Right
of
Informed
The Right of Informed
Consent
Consent
Republic of the Philippines
Republic
of the Philippines
RIZAL
TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
RIZALofTECHNOLOGICAL
Cities
Mandaluyong andUNIVERSITY
Pasig
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
The
Right
of
Informed
The Right of Informed
Consent
Consent
Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
CONSENT FORMS
Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
How Can Deception Be
Reconciled with the
principles of Informed
Consent?
Republic of the Philippines
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig
FULL DISCLOSURE AND
DEBRIEFING
In short, wag burara
sa files. 'Wag rin
chikadora about
other people's
conditions.
• Data should be collected anonymously and
identified by code numbers or fictitious
names.
• Data must be stored in a secure place, kept
confidential, and used only for purposes
explained to the subjects.
• Subjects’ reactions in experiments do no
become items of gossip to be shared with
friends.
• When shared with colleagues, data must be
treated with discretion and subjects’ identities
protected.
• Other identifying details are also disguised if
there is a chance that a subject will be
recognizable.
Anonymity and
Confidentiality