1) A) False.
B) Government policy
Countries may have pro-natalist or anti-natalist policies. Pro-natalist policies
encourage people to have more children though they are largely unsuccessful
and so have a limited impact on the fertility rates. Anti-natalist policies on the
other hand encourage smaller families and the use of family planning and
contraception. These are often highly successful and bring the fertility rates
down, but there are other consequences, such as China’s One-Child Policy.
c) chat de fede wpp
2) A) 452,319 x 1000 ÷ 32,564,342 = 13,8900089 = 1,38
b) 21,15 – 5,75 ÷ 10 = 1,54
3) i= the death rate is affected by many factors. These include the age-structure
of the population, availability of clean water, sanitation, adequate housing,
reliable food supply, prevalence of disease, provision of healthcare facilities, type
of occupation, natural hazards, civil conflict and war, and chance factors. Social
and economic factors have a major influence on death rates – poor people are far
more vulnerable to the risk of early death, due to a combination of poor living
conditions, poor diet, lack of access to clean water, and sanitation.The range of
factors affecting birth and death rates makes predicting the growth of the human
population difficult
ii= Human population growth stresses water systems, agricultural systems, and
energy systems. The impact of exponential growth is that a huge amount of extra
resources are needed to feed, house, clothe, and look after the increasing number
of people. However, it can be argued that the resource consumption of much of
the world’s poor population (i.e. those in LEDCs) is much less than the resource
consumption of populations in MEDCs where population growth rates are much
lower.There is a need to develop more sustainable agricultural systems, more
sustainable energy systems and more sustainable water systems. However,
without accurate population projections, it is difficult to know exactly how large
the demand for these products will be.The price to be paid for a shrinking world
population is an increase in the number of elderly people in the world. Life
expectancy is increasing but social security systems are not.Age/sex pyra
iii
4) i= Ester Boserup
ii= She argued that advances in agriculture due to the Green
revolution had increased food production faster than we could have
imagined. Between 1950 and 1984, grain production increased by 250%,
which kept pace with population increase. The truth is that globally there
is enough food to feed everyone with some surplus. The fact that famine
is still a problem locally is due to poor distribution networks not
inadequate production.
5) A) i= 5207689 – 1000
61000 – x
61000 x 1000 ÷ 5207689 = 1,171%
ii= 1000 – 18045729
12,42 – x
X = 12,42 x 18045729 ÷ 1000
X= 224127,95
iii= b 777000 inh – d 224127 = 552873
2015 = 18045729 + 552873 = 18598602
b) i= 2,57
ii= This figure is important because it can be used to calculate the approximate
figure for the population of Venezuela in future years.
iii= what happens is that in the case of women there are fewer babies than
women of 20-24 years. in the case of men, there are almost the same number
of children as there are adolescents.
In short, this means that growth has been steady for several years. There
should be more children than young people for population growth to be faster
(as it was in 1990).