CLARITY UNITY VARIETY CLARITY IMPROVING THE CLARITY OF YOUR PARAGRAPH specific Use ___________ adjectives ex. Lulu’s favorite dress is colorful . Lulu’s favorite dress is and pronouns Use _____________ carefully. Do not overuse them. ex. Bert and Ernie ate pizza after he got home from school. UNITY Paragraph Unity • A paragraph with unity develops a single idea thoroughly and links it to the rest of the paper. Paragraph coherence is achieved when sentences are ordered in a logical manner and when clear transitions link sentences. Which of these supporting sentences best pertain to the topic sentence? Topic Sentence: Many people believe the clothing company Patagonia offers excellent benefits to employees. • a. Patagonia believes it is important for their employees to be happy and healthy. • b. For instance, many employees take time off to surf, climb mountains, or hike. • c. Hiking is a popular sport in many parts of the United States. • d. Another benefit that Patagonia offers its employees is child care. • e. Employees can bring their children to work. • f. Child care in some cities can be very expensive. • g. Employees are also rewarded for driving hybrid cars. • h. The best parking spots are saved for people who drive those types of cars. • i. Environmentally friendly cars are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. • j. Patagonia is very lucky to have such healthy employees Which six of these supporting sentences best pertain to the topic sentence? Topic Sentence: Many people believe the clothing company Patagonia offers excellent benefits to employees. • a. Patagonia believes it is important for their employees to be happy and healthy. • b. For instance, many employees take time off to surf, climb mountains, or hike. • c. Hiking is a popular sport in many parts of the United States. • d. Another benefit that Patagonia offers its employees is child care. • e. Employees can bring their children to work. • f. Child care in some cities can be very expensive. • g. Employees are also rewarded for driving hybrid cars. • h. The best parking spots are saved for people who drive those types of cars. • i. Environmentally friendly cars are becoming increasingly popular in the United States. • j. Patagonia is very lucky to have such healthy employees Which paragraph has better unity? A: Innovation is important to the people at Pixar. Pixar uses new technology in their films. The artists at Pixar are encouraged to be creative. Managers want employees to use their imaginations. Most people agree that this company values new ideas. B: Innovation is important to the people at Pixar. Pixar uses new technology in their films. The artists are encouraged to be creative. Pixar is located in Emeryville, California. Most people agree that this company values new ideas. Which paragraph has better unity? A: Innovation is important to the people at Pixar. Pixar uses new technology in their films. The artists at Pixar are encouraged to be creative. Managers want employees to use their imaginations. Most people agree that this company values new ideas. B: Innovation is important to the people at Pixar. Pixar uses new technology in their films. The artists are encouraged to be creative. Pixar is located in Emeryville, California. Most people agree that this company values new ideas. VARIETY Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences • A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. – The boy wanted to go outside. – He had to eat his pizza first. Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences • A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. – The boy wanted to go outside. – He had to eat his pizza first. • A compound sentence is a sentence that connects two independent clauses, typically with a coordinating conjunction like and or but. – The boy wanted to go outside but he had to eat his pizza first. Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences • A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. – The boy wanted to go outside. – He had to eat his pizza first. • A compound sentence is a sentence that connects two independent clauses, typically with a coordinating conjunction like and or but. – The boy wanted to go outside but he had to eat his pizza first. • A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. – Although the boy wanted to go outside, he had to eat his pizza first. Simple, Compound, and Complex sentences • Answer these questions: 1. How many simple sentences does the paragraph have? What are they? 2. How many compound sentences does the paragraph have? What are they? 3. How many complex sentences does the paragraph have? What are they? 4. What conjunctions are used? Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, but they have both advantages and disadvantages. 2 One advantage is the fresh food. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers. 4 Farmers usually sell many kinds of fruits and vegetables. 5 One disadvantage of farmers’ markets is the cost. 6 The food is often more expensive, and some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, so people still have to go to the store to find these items. 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, but they have both advantages and disadvantages. 2 One advantage is the fresh food. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers. 4 Farmers usually sell many kinds of fruits and vegetables. 5 One disadvantage of farmers’ markets is the cost. 6 The food is often more expensive, and some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, so people still have to go to the store to find these items. 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, but they have both advantages and disadvantages. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers 6 The food is often more expensive, and some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, so people still have to go to the store to find these items. 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, but they have both advantages and disadvantages. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers 6 The food is often more expensive, and some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, so people still have to go to the store to find these items. 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, but they have both advantages and disadvantages. 2 One advantage is the fresh food. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets because they can talk directly to farmers. 4 Farmers usually sell many kinds of fruits and vegetables. 5 One disadvantage of farmers’ markets is the cost. 6 The food is often more expensive, and some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, so people still have to go to the store to find these items. 8 Also, most farmers’ markets are open only one day a week. Paragraph Variety 1 Farmers’ markets are becoming more popular, they have both advantages disadvantages. 2 One advantage is the fresh food. 3 Some people like farmers’ markets they can talk directly to farmers. 4 Farmers usually sell many kinds of fruits and vegetables. 5 One disadvantage of farmers’ markets is the cost. 6 The food is often more expensive, some people do not think it is worth the high price. 7 Packaged foods are not sold at farmers’ markets, to go to the store to find these items. 8 one day a week. people still have , most farmers’ markets are open only Changing the order of phrases and clauses Changing the order of phrases and clauses • Two independent clauses: – John studied very hard for his final exam, so he was very happy with the perfect score he received. Changing the order of phrases and clauses • Two independent clauses: – John studied very hard for his final exam, so he was very happy with the perfect score he received. • Change this to a dependent clause and an independent clause. – Because John studied very hard for his final exam, he was very happy with the perfect score he received. Changing the order of phrases and clauses • Two independent clauses: – John studied very hard for his final exam, so he was very happy with the perfect score he received. • Change this to a dependent clause and an independent clause. – Because John studied very hard for his final exam, he was very happy with the perfect score he received. • Every dependent clause starts with a . John studied very hard for his final exam, he was very happy with the perfect score he received. Using different words to change meaning Using different words to change meaning • Replace keywords with synonyms or use pronouns to refer to them. Read this paragraph. How can we change some of the keywords using synonyms or pronouns to avoid repetition? When conducting group interviews, the interviewers at Harrison Global Web Design have a clear objective. The interviewers give a group of candidates a task, but he task is not completely clear. In addition, there is a time limit. The objective is to see how well the candidates work together under pressure. Using different words to change meaning When conducting group interviews, the interviewers at Harrison Global Web Design have a clear objective. The interviewers give a group of candidates a task, but he task is not completely clear. In addition, there is a time limit. The objective is to see how well the candidates work together under pressure. When conducting group interviews, the interviewers at Harrison Global Web Design have a clear objective. The give a group of candidates a task, but he is not completely clear. In addition, there is a time limit. The is to see how well the candidates work together under pressure. Using different words to change meaning UNDERLINE AND CONNECT THE WORDS OR PHRASES THAT HAVE THE SAME MEANING. A sense of optimism can have remarkable effects on people’s success during challenging times. A positive outlook can have remarkable effects on people’s success during difficult times. In contemporary societies, the definition of “family” is changing. In modern society, the meaning of the word “family” is changing. Using different words to change meaning UNDERLINE AND CONNECT THE WORDS OR PHRASES THAT HAVE THE SAME MEANING. A sense of optimism can have remarkable effects on people’s success during challenging times. A positive outlook can have remarkable effects on people’s success during difficult times. In contemporary societies, the definition of “family” is changing. In modern society, the meaning of the word “family” is changing. Using different words to change meaning UNDERLINE AND CONNECT THE WORDS OR PHRASES THAT HAVE THE SAME MEANING. A sense of optimism can have remarkable effects on people’s success during challenging times. A positive outlook can have remarkable effects on people’s success during difficult times. In contemporary societies, the definition of “family” is changing. In modern society, the meaning of the word “family” is changing. Using different word forms USE DIFFERENT WORD FORMS TO AVOID REPEATING THE NOUN. Another technique is to use different word forms to say the same thing in a slightly different way. In this paragraph about group interviews, the writer uses the adjective form of simulation-simulated- to avoid repeating the noun. JV corporation often uses a simulation to evaluate candidates’ personalities. When a group of candidates watch and respond to a simulated conflict situation, for example, the advertisers can clearly see how creatively each individual thinks.
