ISBB Test format Test kits - Most method used in laboratory Rapid and inexpensive AKA “Lateral flow dipstick immunoassay or strip test” Immunochromatography (sandwich assay) - Principle - Basic components of lateral flow test - Sample pad Conjugate Antigen receptor Detect conjugate Nitrocellulose membrane (test zone, fix antibodies) capillary flow padulong sa test line Test and control reagent lines Absorbent (sink) pad (antibody) Plastic adhesive pad Laminated tape and strip housing/cassette (optional because lesser ang price) Strip Cassette Midstream Multi device (syphilis) Urine > sampling pad > goes to conjugate pad > HCG antibody A (labeled with colloidal gold) > test line (antibody B) > control Line (anti mouse IgG antibody) Anti B and Anti A has different binding site Dengue duo - Ideal diagnostic tool to cover all clinical stage from acute phase to another phase Presumptive phase Secondary infection (brake bone fever) Malaria Antibodies conjugated tag (latex, fluorophore etc.) - Test line (antibodies) Control line (anti IgG, and a valid test) Advantage - Flexible rin (any sample) Commercially available Easy to perform Rapid result (reactive 2mins.) (nonreactive depends on manual) Stable (stored correctly) Inexpensive - Antigen P.F/ Pan test is rapid, qualitative and differential test for the detection of HRP2(histidine rich protein 2) specific to P.F and PLDH (lactate dehydrogenase) specific to malaria plasmodium Distinguish P.F from other species Useful in regions where all malaria species are calculating WHO prequalified Minute specimen requirement Test result: 15mins Shelf life and storage temp.: 24hrs (1-40degree C) Antibody detection Confirmatory test (gold standard) - Antigen is coated on the surface of latex beads to detect antibody Widal test Disadvantage - Results are only qualitative Less accurate (like pregnancy test) Cross reactivity (resembles with another analyte) - Blue stained antigen is specific to somatic antigen (O-Ag > early infection), red stained antigen are specific to flagellar (H-Ag) o granular and compact stiff react and H cottony agglutination Disadvantage - Difficult and tedious perform Time consuming False positive Crossmatching Major- donor cell + patient serum Minor- donor serum + patient cell - Verified coombs reaction to detect incomplete antibodies Donated unit are tested for antibodies Most blood is transfused as packed cell Plasma volume is small and Abs Histopathology - Biopsy (alive) Autopsy (dead) Frozen section - Section where the tissue has been rapidly cooled using cryostat Diagnosis of lesion and the lesion during the surgery Immediate result Auto Technicon - Individual reagent to fixation Serotypes in NS1 (nonstructural protein) - 4 Beta hcg sa pregnancy Baket di na ginagawa ang widal- tedious In widal - K is capsule the principle of the sandwich type of ELISA Blood Smear Malaria Parasite Transferring decreasing the dilution for quantitative dilution immun
