FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI
PROJECT WORK
LAB REPORT
SUBMITTED TO: MRS. FARAH HASAN
COURSE: EMT-I
TOPIC: POWER INVERTER
DEPARTMENT: PHYSICS
GROUP MEMBERS:
SABA ALI
RIMSHA ALI
ZARA MALIK
MAHNOOR AQEEL
RAMSHA MANZOOR
SYEDA MEHWISH ZAHRA
DATE OF SUBMISSION:
MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 2022
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Power Inverter
Introduction:
A power inverter is a device that converts DC (Direct Current) power into AC
(Alternating Current) power. The converted AC can be at any required voltage and
frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits.
An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or
fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular
it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC
at any desired voltage
Inverter:
A Power Inverter is an electronic device that changes Direct Current (DC) to an
Alternating Current (AC). It does not make or create electricity, just changes it from
one form to another i.e.
DC  AC.
The input voltage, output voltage, and frequency and overall power handling depend on
the design of the specific circuit. The inverter does not produce any power; the power
is provided by the DC source.
Classification of Inverter:
The inverters can be classified into following types based on according to charging and
output waveform
According to charging an inverter may be of two types.
1. Power Inverter
2. Solar Inverter
1.Power Inverter:
A Power Inverter converts DC Power or Direct Current to standard AC power or
Alternating Current.
2.Solar Inverter:
A Solar Inverter is a type of electrical inverter that is made to change the Direct Current
electricity from a photovoltaic array into Alternating Current.
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According to waveform inverter may be of three types:
1.Square wave Inverter
2.Sin wave Inverter
3.Modified Sine wave Inverter
1.Square wave Inverter:
This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best suited
to low sensitivity applications such as lighting and heating.It is the cheapest inverter.
Figure 1:Square Wave
2.Sine wave Inverter:
An inverter device which produces a multiple step sinusoidal AC waveform is referred
to as a sine wave inverter. A few appliances, such as light dimmers, and some battery
chargers require a sine wave to work at all. Sine wave inverters are more expensive.
Figure 2:Sine Wave
3.Modified sine wave Inverter:
A modified sine wave inverter actually has a waveform more like a square wave but
with an extra step. A modified sine wave inverter will work fine with most equipment,
although the efficiency or power of the equipment will be reduced with some. Due to
the modified sine wave inverter’s construction, these inverters are often more
affordable.
Figure 3:Modified sine wave
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Components
Following Components are being used in our project.
Serial No
Component
Name
Value
Qty
01
Resistor
1k
1
02
Transistor
D882
1
03
cell
1.5V
1
04
volt battery with
clip
12
1
05
Bulb with holder
1
06
Phone Charger
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Methodology:
 When we connect the battery, the +ive supply flows through the 1k ohm resistor
and through the auxiliary winding and reaches the base of the transistor. The
resistor prevents over biasing of transistor.
 Now the transistor turns ON partially which will weakly energize the secondary
winding and induce a small magnetic field on the auxiliary winding.
 The magnetic field induced on the auxiliary winding generates current (stronger
than initial current) which will again pass through the base of the transistor,
which will turn ON the transistor more and energize the secondary winding even
more.
 This higher intensity magnetic field from the secondary will induce even more
current on the auxiliary winding which will turn ON the transistor even further.
 While the magnetic field is getting stronger at the core, not only the auxiliary
winding is receiving secondary winding’s magnetic field but also the primary
winding is receiving the magnetic field.
 At some point the magnetic field gets strong enough such that the primary
winding can generate enough voltage to turn on the 3 watt LED lamp.
 The strength of the magnetic field cannot rise forever, once the transistor is fully
turned ON and no further changing (rising) magnetic field occurs. At this point
magnetic field collapses and transistor turns OFF and the cycle repeats from the
beginning of the explanation.
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Circuit Diagram:
Figure 4:Circuit Diagram
Advantages:
1.
It is very cheap.
2.
It can work with ordinary light bulb or fan.
3.
It is very suitable for home usage.
4.
you can generate any AC voltage from a fixed DC power supply, just by tuning
your inverter, so you do not need bulky power transformers that are typical when you
have mains AC supply.
Application:





These can be used as standalone inverters
These can be used in solar power systems
An inverter is the basic building block of an SMPS-switched mode
power supply..
Inverters can be used as an UPS-Uninterruptible power supplies
These can be used in Centrifugal fans, pumps, mixers, extrude, test stands.
conveyors, metering pumps and Web-handling equipment
Conclusion:
Power inverters have gained ever - increasing popularity in a wide range of industrial
applications, including ac motor drives, control systems, power supplies,
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, power quality, power systems, and
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renewable energy utilization. The majority of these applications utilize sets of
conditions to ensure acceptable levels of power quality. Such sets of conditions for
power quality have become standards for allowable levels of harmonic generation and
distortion in inverter outputs.
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