FATIMA JINNAH WOMEN UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI PROJECT WORK LAB REPORT SUBMITTED TO: MRS. FARAH HASAN COURSE: EMT-I TOPIC: POWER INVERTER DEPARTMENT: PHYSICS GROUP MEMBERS: SABA ALI RIMSHA ALI ZARA MALIK MAHNOOR AQEEL RAMSHA MANZOOR SYEDA MEHWISH ZAHRA DATE OF SUBMISSION: MONDAY, JANUARY 24, 2022 1 Power Inverter Introduction: A power inverter is a device that converts DC (Direct Current) power into AC (Alternating Current) power. The converted AC can be at any required voltage and frequency with the use of appropriate transformers, switching, and control circuits. An inverter converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries, solar panels, or fuel cells to AC electricity. The electricity can be at any required voltage; in particular it can operate AC equipment designed for mains operation, or rectified to produce DC at any desired voltage Inverter: A Power Inverter is an electronic device that changes Direct Current (DC) to an Alternating Current (AC). It does not make or create electricity, just changes it from one form to another i.e. DC AC. The input voltage, output voltage, and frequency and overall power handling depend on the design of the specific circuit. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source. Classification of Inverter: The inverters can be classified into following types based on according to charging and output waveform According to charging an inverter may be of two types. 1. Power Inverter 2. Solar Inverter 1.Power Inverter: A Power Inverter converts DC Power or Direct Current to standard AC power or Alternating Current. 2.Solar Inverter: A Solar Inverter is a type of electrical inverter that is made to change the Direct Current electricity from a photovoltaic array into Alternating Current. 2 According to waveform inverter may be of three types: 1.Square wave Inverter 2.Sin wave Inverter 3.Modified Sine wave Inverter 1.Square wave Inverter: This is one of the simplest waveforms an inverter design can produce and is best suited to low sensitivity applications such as lighting and heating.It is the cheapest inverter. Figure 1:Square Wave 2.Sine wave Inverter: An inverter device which produces a multiple step sinusoidal AC waveform is referred to as a sine wave inverter. A few appliances, such as light dimmers, and some battery chargers require a sine wave to work at all. Sine wave inverters are more expensive. Figure 2:Sine Wave 3.Modified sine wave Inverter: A modified sine wave inverter actually has a waveform more like a square wave but with an extra step. A modified sine wave inverter will work fine with most equipment, although the efficiency or power of the equipment will be reduced with some. Due to the modified sine wave inverter’s construction, these inverters are often more affordable. Figure 3:Modified sine wave 3 Components Following Components are being used in our project. Serial No Component Name Value Qty 01 Resistor 1k 1 02 Transistor D882 1 03 cell 1.5V 1 04 volt battery with clip 12 1 05 Bulb with holder 1 06 Phone Charger 1 Methodology: When we connect the battery, the +ive supply flows through the 1k ohm resistor and through the auxiliary winding and reaches the base of the transistor. The resistor prevents over biasing of transistor. Now the transistor turns ON partially which will weakly energize the secondary winding and induce a small magnetic field on the auxiliary winding. The magnetic field induced on the auxiliary winding generates current (stronger than initial current) which will again pass through the base of the transistor, which will turn ON the transistor more and energize the secondary winding even more. This higher intensity magnetic field from the secondary will induce even more current on the auxiliary winding which will turn ON the transistor even further. While the magnetic field is getting stronger at the core, not only the auxiliary winding is receiving secondary winding’s magnetic field but also the primary winding is receiving the magnetic field. At some point the magnetic field gets strong enough such that the primary winding can generate enough voltage to turn on the 3 watt LED lamp. The strength of the magnetic field cannot rise forever, once the transistor is fully turned ON and no further changing (rising) magnetic field occurs. At this point magnetic field collapses and transistor turns OFF and the cycle repeats from the beginning of the explanation. 4 Circuit Diagram: Figure 4:Circuit Diagram Advantages: 1. It is very cheap. 2. It can work with ordinary light bulb or fan. 3. It is very suitable for home usage. 4. you can generate any AC voltage from a fixed DC power supply, just by tuning your inverter, so you do not need bulky power transformers that are typical when you have mains AC supply. Application: These can be used as standalone inverters These can be used in solar power systems An inverter is the basic building block of an SMPS-switched mode power supply.. Inverters can be used as an UPS-Uninterruptible power supplies These can be used in Centrifugal fans, pumps, mixers, extrude, test stands. conveyors, metering pumps and Web-handling equipment Conclusion: Power inverters have gained ever - increasing popularity in a wide range of industrial applications, including ac motor drives, control systems, power supplies, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, power quality, power systems, and 5 renewable energy utilization. The majority of these applications utilize sets of conditions to ensure acceptable levels of power quality. Such sets of conditions for power quality have become standards for allowable levels of harmonic generation and distortion in inverter outputs. 6