Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Introduction The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 When you first start studying Anatomy, it can feel a lot like trying to learn a new language! There are a lot of new concepts and words to learn, which can feel overwhelming. This tutorial will introduce you to the skeletal system. It provides information about the functions of the skeletal system, the shapes of bones, and introduces the major bones of the skeleton. The goal is to provide a basic foundation you can build upon as you learn and become more confident with Anatomy. Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Each labelled slide is followed by an unlabelled one, allowing you to practice. There are two quizzes at the end of this module to help test your knowledge. Good luck! Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Navigation There are two ways to move through this module: 1) Scroll through the PDF 2) Click on the title headings on the left side of the screen (Note: this will take you to the first/labelled page in each section; scroll down to find the unlabelled page) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal Skeletal System System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones The Skeletal System has many important functions: • Providing support for the body • Storing minerals (calcium, phosphate) • Producing red blood cells • Protecting the organs and tissues • Allowing movement (the bones act as levers) Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements The skeleton can be subcategorized into two divisions: The Axial Skeleton (left, in blue) Includes: Bones of the skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and sacrum The Appendicular Skeleton (right, in pink) Includes: Bones of the upper and lower limbs, scapula, clavicles, and hip bones, Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones can be classified according to their shape: The Skeletal System Irregular Bones Shapes of Bones Bones Bones that have complex, irregular shapes Example: Spinal vertebrae Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Long Bones Bones that are longer than they are wide Examples: Humerus Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Flat Bones Bones that are flat and light Example: Rib bones Short Bones Bones that are as wide as they are long Example: Carpal bones in the hands Sesamoid Bones Bones that are flat, small, and round Example: Patella (kneecap) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones of the Skull The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Parietal bone Frontal bone Skull Bones Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Zygomatic bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Maxilla Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Mandible Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones of the Skull The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Parietal bone Frontal bone Skull Bones Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Zygomatic bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Maxilla Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Mandible Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) (Spine) 11 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Spinal Vertebrae The Spinal Vertebrae are categorized into 5 types/regions: Memorization Hint: To remember the number of bones in the CERVICAL, THORACIC, and LUMBAR spine, use the following memory aid: Cervical: 7 Bones Thoracic: 12 bones Lumbar: 5 Bones Cereal (CERVICAL) for breakfast at 7:00 am Sacrum: 5 fused bones Tasty lunch (THORACIC) at 12:00 pm Coccyx (Tail bone): 3-5 fused bones Light dinner (LUMBAR) at 5:00 pm Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Spinal Vertebrae The Spinal Vertebrae are categorized into 5 types/regions: Cervical: 7 Bones Vertebrae (Spine) (Spine) 11 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Thoracic: 12 bones Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Lumbar: 5 Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Sacrum: 5 fused bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Coccyx (Tail bone): 3-5 fused bones Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Cervical Vertebrae There are three types of cervical bones: The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) (Spine) 22 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements C1/Atlas Articulates with the Skull Allows nodding (“Yes”) C2/Axis Articulates with C1 (Atlas) Allows rotation of head (“No”) C3-C7 Memorization Hint: In Greek mythology, Atlas was a Titan who led a (failed) rebellion against Zeus. As punishment, Atlas was condemned to carry the weight of the world on his shoulders for eternity. Imagine C1/Atlas as holding up the weight of the head, which is spherical and heavy like a globe. Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral Vertebrae The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) (Spine) 33 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Thoracic 12 bones Long spinous processes Articulate with the ribs Lumbar 5 bones Thick vertebral bodies Sacrum 5 fused bones Articulates with Coxal bones Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Did You Know? The bones of the SACRUM start to fuse at puberty, and are fully fused by 25-30 years of age. The bones of the COCCYX (not pictured) begin to fuse at around age 26, and are not fully fused until late life. Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Bones of the Upper Limb Clavicle Scapula Memorization Hint: The RADIUS is rad! The RADIUS is the forearm bone closest to your thumb. Give a thumbs up to get oriented! Did you know? When you hit your funny bone, it feels strange and HUMERUS. The tingling sensation you feel is produced when the Ulnar Nerve is compressed against the HUMERUS bone. (Sternum*) Humerus Ulna Radius Quiz 1 Carpals Metacarpals Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements * The Sternum is not a bone of the upper limb. It is included here for reference. Phalanges (fingers) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Bones of the Upper Limb Clavicle Scapula Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Humerus Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Ulna Radius Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones) The Coxal bones are comprised of three bones: Shapes of Bones Iliac bone Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Coxal Bone Upper Limb Bones Pubic bone Hip (Coxal) (Coxal) Bones Bones Lower Limb Bones Ischium bone Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Did You Know? The Coxal bones are fully fused by age 25. Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones) The Coxal bones are comprised of three bones: Shapes of Bones Iliac bone Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Coxal Bone Upper Limb Bones Pubic bone Hip (Coxal) (Coxal) Bones Bones Lower Limb Bones Ischium bone Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Did You Know? The Coxal bones are fully fused by age 25. Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Coxal bones (also called Hip bones, Pelvic bones) The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Iliac bone Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) (Coxal) Bones Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Coxal Bone Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Pubic bone Ischium bone Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones of the Lower Limb The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Memorization Hint: The PATELLA is a Sesamoid bone. Think of it as shaped like a giant upside-down sesame seed. Femur Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Did you know? The FEMUR is the longest bone in the body. Its length is roughly 1/4th that of a person’s total height! Patella (Kneecap) Tibia Fibula Lower Limb Bones Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges (Toes) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones of the Lower Limb The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Skull Bones Femur Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Patella (Kneecap) Tibia Fibula Lower Limb Bones Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges (Toes) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Quiz 1 Choose the correct Anatomical region: (Write your answers on paper and check with the Quiz Answer Key at the end) Shapes of Bones Skull Bones 1) Pubic bone Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 2) Radius Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones 3) Mandible Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements 4) C1/Atlas (Cervical Vertebrae) Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction The Skeletal System Quiz 2 Match: (Write your answers on paper and check with the Quiz Answer Key at the end) Shapes of Bones 1) Long bone of the Upper Limb A) Phalanges 2) Sesamoid bone B) Flat bone(s) 3) Anatomical name for bones of Fingers C) Five 4) Anatomical name for Hip Bones D) Femur 5) Includes Skull, Vertebra, Sternum, Ribs E) Appendicular Skeleton 6) Skull bones are this shape F) Humerus 7) Number of fused bones in Sacrum G) Axis Lower Limb Bones 8) Long bone of the Lower Limb H) Ischium Quiz 1 9) Includes Limb bones, Scapula, Hip bones I) Axial Skeleton Quiz 2 10) Number of Thoracic vertebrae J) Coxal Bones Quiz Answer Keys 11) Name of C2 Cervical Bone K) Twelve Index: Bones by Shape 12) Name of one of the Coxal Bones L) Patella (Kneecap) Skull Bones Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Upper Limb Bones Hip (Coxal) Bones Acknowledgements Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Quiz Answer Keys Quiz 1 Answers The Skeletal System Quiz 2 Answers 1) Long bone of the Upper Limb F) Humerus 2) Sesamoid bone L) Patella (Kneecap) 3) Anatomical name for bones of Fingers A) Phalanges 4) Anatomical name for Hip Bones J) Coxal Bones 5) Includes Skull, Vertebra, Sternum, Ribs I) Axial Skeleton Upper Limb Bones 6) Skull bones are this shape B) Flat bones Hip (Coxal) Bones 7) Number of fused bones in Sacrum C) Five 8) Long bone of the Lower Limb D) Femur 9) Includes Limb bones, Scapula, Hip bones E) Appendicular Skeleton 10) Number of Thoracic vertebrae K) Twelve 11) Name of C2 Cervical Bone G) Axis 12) Name of one of the Coxal Bones H) Ischium Shapes of Bones Skull Bones 1) Pubic Bone Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Lower Limb Bones 2) Radius 3) Mandible Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Answer Keys Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements 4) C1/Atlas Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Bones found in this module, organized alphabetically by shape: The Skeletal System Flat Irregular Long Short Sesamoid Shapes of Bones Rib bones Coxal Bones Femur Carpals Patella Skull Bones Scapulae Vertebrae Fibula Tarsals Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Skull bones Humerus Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Sternum Metacarpals Vertebrae (Spine) 3 Metatarsals Upper Limb Bones Phalanges Hip (Coxal) Bones Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones Bones by by Shape Shape Acknowledgements Tibia Introduction to Anatomy: The Skeletal System Welcome Introduction Acknowledgements The Skeletal System Shapes of Bones Created for UBC MDUP FLEX 429, Spring 2020 Student: Kimberlee Hart (Island Medical Program, Class of 2022) Supervisor: Kurt McBurney, Associate Teaching Professor, Island Medical Program Skull Bones Inspired by EPHE 141 Human Anatomy Lab and the EPHE 141 Lab Manual (University of Victoria) Vertebrae (Spine) 1 Vertebrae (Spine) 2 Vertebrae (Spine) 3 References Cohen, B. J., & DePetris, A. (2014). Medical Terminology. Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guide. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Upper Limb Bones Jones, B. D. (2016). Comprehensive Medical Terminology, Fifth Edition. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Hip (Coxal) Bones Martini, F. H., Timmons, M. J., & Tallitsch, R. B. (2015). Human Anatomy, Eighth Edition. Toronto, ON: Pearson Education Inc. Lower Limb Bones Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz Answer Keys Index: Bones by Shape Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Moore, K.L., Dalley, A.F., & Agur, A. M. M. (2018). Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Eighth Edition. New York: Wolters Kluwer. Medical Illustrations Paige Blumer
