Development of an Information-Based Dashboard: Automation of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) for Decision Support towards e-Governance Angelique D. Lacasandile Mideth B. Abisado adlacasandile@national-u.edu.ph National University-Manila mbabisado@national-u.edu.ph National University-Manila Rogel M. Labanan Lalaine P. Abad rmlabanan@national-u.edu.ph National University-Manila lpabad@feutech.edu.ph Far Eastern University ABSTRACT ACM Reference Format: Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad. 2020. Development of an Information-Based Dashboard: Automation of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) for Decision Support towards e-Governance. In 2020 The 4th International Conference on E-Society, E-Education and E-Technology (ICSET’20), August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3421682.3421691 The need to address societal issues of every community is a salient aspect that demands attention from the people in authority. These are important responsibilities of every barangay and its official in the Philippines. Profiling each household in the community using information and communication technology could achieve good governance through E-government as its core. Once profile data is aggregated, essential information could provide statistics in labor and employment, family income and expenditures, demography by (population) and (age), water and sanitation, type of housing and education. The focus is based on the profiling of Zone 42 and adding other facets as mentioned above was initiated, with the idea that educational institution around the barangay can help towards the areas included. This paper intends to aid barangay official in budget allocation and decision making in their respective governed area with the use of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS). Building an Information-Based Dashboard was initiated last 2016 and assessed by IT expert, was given readiness for beta launch to its target users. The functionality criteria were given a mean score of 4.47, which means that the respondents agreed that the system sequence of operation is easy to understand, and the result of their queries is correct and accurate. The system testing had a favorable result with a mean of 4.50 which means that the system passed the standard of completing, processing of a request, response time and the usage of computer resources for all of its function. 1 INTRODUCTION Globally, new information technologies are important enabler in improving the efficiency and competency of any organization. New information technologies improves data management, data sharing, planning, and service delivery and decision support [1]. The Philippines is at the cusp of big data boom, but based on the observation of a business analytics and strategist president [2], our country is yet to fully maximize its potential because we are behind others that use it for transforming government and urban planning. With the advanced and dynamic growth of technologies, the National IT Promotion Agency took the initiative to build the Philippine e-Government Master Plan [3]. This is a significant progress in the area of e-Government it demonstrates concern to the needs of its people, it shows that they are making efforts to make government services more user-friendly and more effective and efficient, it’s about doing more for less. Evidently, as the recent result of exhibits, that there has been a sharp increase in the number of countries that are initiating their own e-government that serves as a onestop platform for all their public services, which is conveniently accessible online [4]. As more countries are making an effort to move towards the future that makes public institutions more inclusive, effective, accountable and transparent. Notably, the world embracing the idea of innovation and utilizing new technology to produce information that reflects the people’s needs and encourage decision driven by the public. It opens for a government that promotes participatory decision-making and service delivery. In the Philippines, the application of e-government is in snail’s pace. In 2013, the DOST through the Information and Communication Technology Office (ICTO), unveiled the E- Government Master Plan (EGMP) for 2013-2016 that serves as the blueprint for the implementation of e-government related projects indicated in the review of ICT Office which encompasses all aspects of the Philippine government [5]. However, as observed, as it becomes more attractive, interesting and a growing phenomenon it has become CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing → E-government; • Information systems → Online analytical processing. KEYWORDS E-Governance, E-Government, Decision Support System, Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-8877-1/20/08. . . $15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3421682.3421691 68 ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad Figure 1: Stages of E-Government diverse, every organization have individual ICT programs initiative and interpretation for most government agencies that think it needs one. E-government in the Philippines has an agenda that speak on different planes and concern about the credibility and security of the platform introduced in public [6]. Aside from the challenges mentioned, factors that contribute are privacy protection, lack of telecommunications infrastructure and the concern about the digital divide. As reviewed there is relatively few research addressing perspective of the people towards ICTs and the Internet, which has factors that contribute to the digital divide such as Geographical Divide, Social Divide and Cultural Divide. There is no universally accepted definition of e-government, and the idea vary widely, but this paper subscribes to the common theme about the concept of e-governments is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to improve the government processes to the benefit of the citizens, businesses and the government itself [7]. The city of Manila is considered urban and one of the busiest and biggest in terms of population in the Philippines. Barangay in this area has a minimum of 5,000 or more. The largest barangay in terms of population size is Barangay 176 in Caloocan City with 247 thousand persons [8]. Although Manila is one of the most progressive and profitable cities in the country, a portion of the city population is still experiencing poverty, hunger and other societal issues that need to be addressed by the government. This paper highlights the main problem of the Manila Barangay Bureau and the barangays under its department. The poor use of data and information resulting in the incorrect identification of programs for the necessity of each barangays and justification of their request is one of the main problems of the community as discovered. Thus, the need to automate Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) intends to contribute to the utilization of aggregate data from the resident of each household in every barangay and encode it to the system that was initially developed in accordance with the recommendations from the perspective of the users [9]. Automated BIPS intends to provide a technology that transforms paper-based data and complex government in the Philippines into compelling visuals in the form of a dashboard that meets the demand for providing an at-a-glance view of public information in the areas of Labor and Employment, Family Income and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water and Sanitation, and Type of Housing and Education. The collected data can be converted into something measurable and can provide interactive charts, graphs, and statistics that enable decision-makers, the public and other stakeholders to view and evaluate the situation of their community and take part and help to contribute towards a common goal. This system can easily justify budget spending, project allocation and can attract another source of funds. As part of the assessment (5) credible IT expert from the industry will evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the system before the beta launched of the system at Zone 42. 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the target users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking was done after the quality assurance team checked the system. The approval of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to validate the system functionality and efficiency in the following areas: 2.1 Stages of E-Government Adoption The definition of remarkable people about e-government suggests that it is possible to perceive the concept of e-government, differently depending on one’s focus. Thus, it is important to know the stages of e-government it is divided into four stages of development and it increases their integration, technological and organizational complexity as the level increases. It was presented and discussed in the first version [10]. Stages of E-government as presented in Figure 1 shows that the first stage is tailoring information to the target users by creating government agency websites in the early stage. At this stage, the emerging stage only established a one-way communication towards the government and the governed is possible. This setting makes the government portal as the nucleus for citizen engagement. The 69 Development of an Information-Based Dashboard ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan second stage enables users to download forms, create digitized applications and provide an interface that receives application online, this phase is also known as the enhanced stage, government websites increase its functionality and become more dynamic. The third stage provides a mechanism that helps the citizen to make online payments for their transaction and interact with officials through the web. On this stage, called transactional, two-way communication made possible. The Last stage presented is the fourth stage, which covers every department under its umbrella; it was envision being seamless, that makes integration of electronic services across government agencies happen. Knowing the situation thru observation and data gathering from the initial stage of this study in 2016 with the 12 barangays in Zone 42, Sampaloc, Manila as the initial testing area of this initiative can verify the presence or absence of this changes and this paper recommend the appropriate integration of technology in the government based on the situation of the adoption of technology in each barangay. The paper reference and evidence [9], clearly shows that the application of e-government in the area of their study is in its infancy and can be assumed that almost all the barangay in the Philippines are in the early stage of adoption. 2.2 often. As mandated under Sec 304 of the Republic Act No. 7160, as frontline service providers, the “barangay should serve as the primary planning and implement unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled”. The creation of barangay unit was built in the intention to enhance the delivery of basic services in the community and act upon, in accordance with the needs of the public subject to the budgetary limitations of the office. Sec. 388 describes the person in authority in the barangay, for purposes of the revised penal code, the punong barangay, Sangguniang Barangay members, and the members of the lupong tagapamayapa in each barangay shall be deemed as persons in authority in their jurisdiction. Sec. 389 chief executive powers, duties and functions. The punong barangay as chief executive of the barangay government shall exercise such powers and perform such duties and functions, as provided by the law. For efficient, effective and economical governance the punong barangay as part of his or her duties and function is to prepare the annual executive and supplemental budgets of the barangay, exercise general supervision over the activities of the sangguniang kabataan, ensure the delivery of basic service, approve vouchers relating to the disbursement of Barangay funds, promote the general welfare of the Barangay and maintain public order in the Barangay and assist the city or municipal mayor and the sangguniang members in the performance of their duties and functions. Mentioned above the power vested upon the officials of the barangay by the Republic act of the Philippines they are for the welfare of more than 5,000 residents in their area of responsibility. In the same way that the budget of other levels in the local government basis is from the barangay planning and decision-making. The barangay cycle starts with the preparation of the barangay development plan, which intends to allocate the budget and its resources to achieve their respective targets. It should contain priority areas of services, targets and their respective accomplishments as described [13]. There are a lot of factors that affect the quality of their service not just the budget allocation but also, the data are not available to support their request. Sometimes their decision-making has no basis at all or data is outdated and irrelevant on the current situation of the community. Table 1 shows the study [14], which the book tracks on how authority able to perform the principal responsibility for the delivery of the basic social services and operation in relation to the barangay and its constituents. The LGUs and the Manila Barangay Bureau were also given authority to collect information in relation to the barangay level and the government has the scheme to determine the share of LGUs from the revenues collected by the national government thru taxes. LGUs was mandated to fight against poverty within their areas of jurisdiction, implementation of their responsibility has seen as their major weakness as they lack reliable and credible baseline data. LGUs still rely on centrally produced data from the National Statistics Office figuring out their programs, activities, allocation of budget and its resources. These data, however, are not accurate because people who are assigned in the data gathering are not familiar with the people and its community. It is difficult to have one basis for the formulation of appropriate policies and programs. Top-down and Bottom-up Approach Strategy in Implementation A transition from the traditional way of doing things into a new system is not always easy. Harnessing technology to promote transparency and good governance in the Philippines increasingly appeal for collaborative approaches to address different challenges faced by multiple stakeholders here and around the world. The following text will discuss the premise and relative utility of the top-down and bottom-up approach in a general point of view presented by [11] top-down implementation defined as carrying out policy thru statute, executive order, or court decision which authoritative decisions are centrally located by actors who wants to produce the desired effects, defined by Matland [12].On the other hand, bottom-up implementation approach started with the target groups and service deliverers because they taught that the target groups are the actual implementors of policy. Both are a good strategy and should be used depending on the nature of policy or project being implemented. This paper is dedicated to continuing the demand side perspective of e-government and it is fitting to subscribe to the bottom-uppers conclusion that the bottom-up approach is more realistic and practical because success of e-government adoption and encouraging people in a paradigm shift when it comes to technology greatly depend on the implementer’s ability to adapt the new system into their processes. This path takes time but reflects the community interests and might discover useful practices from one barangay to the other and could contribute to egovernment success or can identify the hampers to the goal of the program. 2.3 The Barangay Information empowers the nation in many ways and as a resident who belongs in the community the political unit that is accessible for most people are the barangays. People express their thoughts and address their needs in their respective barangay officials more 70 ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad Table 1: Available Sources of Data in the Philippines in relation to Barangay Available Sources of Data Implementing Agency Frequency of Collection Family Income and National Statistics Of- Every 3 years Expenditures Survey fice (NSO) (FIES) Annual Poverty Indica- NSO Every year when the tor Survey (APIS) FIES is not conducted 2.4 National Nutritional Survey (NNS) Food and Nutrition Re- Every 5 years search Institute (FNRI) Census of Population (CPH) NSO Every 10 years Functional Literacy, Ed- NSO ucation and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) Irregular National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) Labor Force Survey (LFS) NSO Every 5 years NSO Every quarter of the year Family income and living expenditures and related information Socioeconomic profiles of families and other information relating to their living conditions but not poverty incidence. Food situation and nutritional status of the population. Size, composition, and distribution of the population in the Philippines. The Number of functionality literate population and the socioeconomic characteristics. Demographic, maternal, and child health issues in the Philippines Levels and trends of employment, unemployment, and underemployment and studies. The development of the system, on the other hand, followed the rudiments of Agile Project Methodology. Several studies have concluded the benefits of this methodology in working closely with our target users [16], stated that clients feel more comfortable to share their ideas knowing they can participate in crafting the vision of the concept was described [17], as a method that supports quick changes to the scope and direction of the project based on the requirements which are applicable to the direction of this paper. On the other hand, the assessment of the system uses descriptive method as the research design. It attempts to describe, explain and interpret the data gathered from the questionnaire and analyzed the preliminary data using a Likert-type scale. Agile web development is an agile approach that allows developers to be involved with the content and navigation from the beginning and allows beta launches for collecting feedback as early as possible from everyone involved with a project from the bottom, which pertains to the target users up to the top decision-makers and IT specialist were encourage to meet in-person during the early stages of development that makes everyone on the same vision from the very start that saves time reducing conversation and communication cycle to the overall development. Retrieved from the comprehensive overview of [18] differentiating the difference of traditional process of web development and agile web development can be visualized in figure 2. Davao City eyes Barangay Profiling System A powerful bomb explosion in Davao City that killed 15 people and wounded 69 others made a realization that profiling system can help in this kind of situation having at the back of their minds and thought about if they oblige their respective barangays to submit information about their respective constituents it could be easier to investigate this type of incident [15]. It is timely that this paper invests its time and effort in the bottom-up approach, making all voices count, while everybody else focusing on doing research areas at the top this information system is carefully designed in consideration with the target users and utilizing data to generate informative dashboard that can be used for management and planning in barangay for better decision making that hopefully leads to the contribution to the success of making government transparent, accountable with good governance. Keeping in mind that the concept and the design of the system would not be possible without the help of the people in the barangay and other external factors in their environment. This time, the system will be tested by IT. 3 Data Obtained RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The Survey method was used in this study and relied heavily on the data gathered from the community and review of related literature 71 Development of an Information-Based Dashboard ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Figure 2: Agile Web Development 3.1 3.2.2 Geo-Information Module. The Geographic information module of the system was used to analyze spatial which identifies the geographic location of members of the community, their geographic location and mapped the community governed by each barangay. As depicted, geo-information allows the government official to view the actual household and environment of their respective area. In compliance with the National Privacy Commission to protect personal data involved and encoded in the system proper consent to the participants of this study was properly solicited for the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification and retrieval of this kind of data in the system. The system ensures that the product complies with the international standards set for data protection through the National Privacy Commission (NPC). System Paradigm The System Paradigm as depicted in Figure 3 shows the process involved in the system developed. The main users are the government official in their respective barangay who are part of the budget allocation, approval and decision-making. The barangay information profiling system with profiling module that captures the basic information, expenses and bills payment of a particular household in the community governed by the barangay. This data from each household will be stored in the database depending on the option of the official whether to store it in the cloud or on a local database, the security was the main concerned and the architecture carefully design the system to allow access to authorized personnel only by providing a mechanism to login in with the use of username and password. The authorized users is capable of adding, editing, and deleting data or profile of a resident stored in the database. The system automatically aggregates the data in the following areas: Labor and Employment, Family Income and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water and Sanitation, Type of Housing and Education. The aggregated data can create visual dashboard and reports related in the following areas that provide an overview about the community and can be the basis for budget requests, allocation and decision making for the good of the community well-being. 3.2 3.2.3 Barangay Dashboard. The Dashboard in barangay level used to present the most valuable and useful set of information about the communities’ status in Labor and Employment, Family Income and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water and Sanitation, Type of Housing and Education. The barangay dashboard as shown in Figure 4, enables government official a quick overview of the aggregated count of resident data. The dashboard can be utilized for proper allocation of government funds and an effective way to entice other agency to support the community. It is capable to be access and analyze-up to date information by the users can give them smarter and data driven decisions for their constituents. The system created in 2015 in Zone 42, the feature of the system primarily deployed in different barangays. As observed, typical issues and problems arise in the barangay, thus, make it with the realization that every barangays plan and need to allocate budget for the community with great concern for the peoples labor and employment, family income and expenditures, education, demography by age and population, water and sanitation and should equip them with knowledge for disaster preparedness. With this, the dashboard and the feature of the profiling system integrated their needs as we improve and make the project sustainable for making it a good dashboard that measure the profile of every household in the community for visualization across the organization to get valuable insight and drive quick and data-driven decisions. Barangay dashboard gets a consolidated view of all the profile within the community governed. System Features The features of the system include 1.) Profiling Module; (2) Geoinformation and; (3) Barangay Dashboard. The main modules have sub-modules which will be discussed accordingly in the following text. 3.2.1 Profiling Module. The profiling module of the barangay covers the basic information, expenses, and their bills. The data collected in the areas mentioned will be encoded in the system for monitoring of the community. Before a dashboard can produce its consolidated information, it started with the collection of household profile. The basic information such as the photo of the household, family name, cell phone number, telephone number, address, purok, affiliation, religion, house ownership, type of house, access to comfort room and safe water questionnaire. After filling up the basic information it will lead to another form, it is about their household expenses such as approximated daily consumption, daily transportation, house rent, and house operation, educational, medical and recreational expenses. In addition, the system also asked about your approximated regular bills payment such as electric, water, cable, telephone, internet bills and others. 3.3 Research Instrument Questionnaires were prepared to determine the response of the respondents towards the system. To address the measurement of the perception of the respondents about the Barangay Information 72 ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad Figure 3: System Paradigm Figure 4: Barangay Dashboard Profiling System (BIPS), the 5-point scale was used, five being the highest and one being the lowest rank. Table 2 shows the Likert scale to quantify the response to the question given to credible industry practitioner who accesses the system. Table 2 also shows the criteria on how to interpret the collected data in the survey that was used to evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the system before beta launch. 4 Table 3 shows the overall results of the system evaluation for the Functionality criterion. The indicator regarding correct and accurate query result ranked first with its mean response of 4.80 interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’, followed by the indicator regarding easy to understand sequence of operation with mean response of 4.40 interpreted as ‘Agree’ and indicator corresponding to security of data with the use of passwords and username got a mean response of 4.20 interpreted as ‘Agree’. It can be gleaned that IT experts ‘Agreed’ regarding the functionality of Barangay Information Profiling System in the following criterion and obtained an overall mean assessment of 4.47. Table 4 reveals experts’ level of assessment concerning the software evaluation for the Efficiency criterion. As tested, the indicator regarding the system capability to complete several tasks at a certain time got the first rank with its mean response of 4.80 interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’. Followed closely by in the second rank by the RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to initially check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the target users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking was done after the quality assurance team checked the system. The approval of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to validate the system functionality and efficiency in the following areas: 73 Development of an Information-Based Dashboard ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Table 2: Rating Scale Criteria Rating Verbal Interpretation 4.51-5.00 3.51-4.50 2.51-3.50 1.51-2.50 1.00-1.50 Strongly Agree Agree Partly Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Very Important Important Moderately Important Slightly Important Not Important at all | Highly Acceptable Acceptable Moderately Acceptable Fairly Acceptable Not Acceptable Table 3: Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of Functionality Statement Mean Response Interpretation Rank (1) The sequence of operation is easy to understand. (2) The result in queries is correct and accurate. (3) Data is secured with the use of passwords and usernames. OVERALL 4.40 Agree 2 4.80 Strongly Agree 1 4.20 Agree 3 4.47 Agree Table 4: Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of Efficiency Statement Mean Response Interpretation Rank (1) There is acceptable response and processing time. (2) Network traffic does not occur if many users are online at the same time (3) The system is capable of completing several tasks at a certain time. (4) The system consistently uses enough computer resources for all its functions. 4.60 Strongly Agree 2 4.40 Agree 3 4.80 Strongly Agree 1 4.20 Agree 4 OVERALL 4.50 Agree indicator regarding acceptable response and processing time with a mean response of 4.60 interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’, in the third rank, the indicator “Network traffic does not occur if many users are online at the same time” got a mean response of 4.40 interpreted as ‘Agree’. The indicator regarding consistency of system to use enough computer resources for all its functions had a mean response of 4.20 interpreted as ‘Agree’. The respondents ‘Agreed’ that the system passed regarding the efficiency criterion as seen from its overall mean assessment of 4.50. 5 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS BIPS used to take advantage of the use of technology for budget allocation and decision making in the barangay. BIPS can help Barangay official utilize the data from household profiling by coming up with an aggregate form that can be visualized in the system dashboard. The Barangay officials can make use of the information as the basis for budgeting and supporting documents to generate other ways in uplifting the quality of life and wellbeing of the community governed. The review of related literature and studies supports the direction of this paper and shown existence of similar 74 ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad concept denoting the relevance and acceptability of such technology. Since the system is on its way for beta launching inputs from its target users can help to improve and enhanced the initial version released and other areas, criterion and method for testing can be explored as the system and this concept progress in the future. The IT experts recommend citywide implementation of the system to assess its acceptability and determine the constraints related to its implementation in a city, eyeing for a bigger impact could be the next phase for this initiative. Additionally, data analytics improvement after a year of implementation and security of the system is required as we deal with sensitive information about a household in the community. org/en/news/speech/2013/05/31/speech-eGovernment-transformation. [8] Philippine Statistics Authority. (2016, May 19). Population of the National Capital Region (Based on the 2015 Census of Population. Retrieved from Republic of the Philippines. 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