Development of an Information-Based Dashboard: Automation
of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) for Decision
Support towards e-Governance
Angelique D. Lacasandile
Mideth B. Abisado
adlacasandile@national-u.edu.ph
National University-Manila
mbabisado@national-u.edu.ph
National University-Manila
Rogel M. Labanan
Lalaine P. Abad
rmlabanan@national-u.edu.ph
National University-Manila
lpabad@feutech.edu.ph
Far Eastern University
ABSTRACT
ACM Reference Format:
Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine
P. Abad. 2020. Development of an Information-Based Dashboard: Automation of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) for Decision Support
towards e-Governance. In 2020 The 4th International Conference on E-Society,
E-Education and E-Technology (ICSET’20), August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan.
ACM, New York, NY, USA, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3421682.3421691
The need to address societal issues of every community is a salient
aspect that demands attention from the people in authority. These
are important responsibilities of every barangay and its official in
the Philippines. Profiling each household in the community using
information and communication technology could achieve good
governance through E-government as its core. Once profile data is
aggregated, essential information could provide statistics in labor
and employment, family income and expenditures, demography
by (population) and (age), water and sanitation, type of housing
and education. The focus is based on the profiling of Zone 42 and
adding other facets as mentioned above was initiated, with the idea
that educational institution around the barangay can help towards
the areas included. This paper intends to aid barangay official in
budget allocation and decision making in their respective governed
area with the use of Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS).
Building an Information-Based Dashboard was initiated last 2016
and assessed by IT expert, was given readiness for beta launch to
its target users. The functionality criteria were given a mean score
of 4.47, which means that the respondents agreed that the system
sequence of operation is easy to understand, and the result of their
queries is correct and accurate. The system testing had a favorable
result with a mean of 4.50 which means that the system passed the
standard of completing, processing of a request, response time and
the usage of computer resources for all of its function.
1
INTRODUCTION
Globally, new information technologies are important enabler in
improving the efficiency and competency of any organization. New
information technologies improves data management, data sharing,
planning, and service delivery and decision support [1]. The Philippines is at the cusp of big data boom, but based on the observation
of a business analytics and strategist president [2], our country is
yet to fully maximize its potential because we are behind others
that use it for transforming government and urban planning. With
the advanced and dynamic growth of technologies, the National
IT Promotion Agency took the initiative to build the Philippine
e-Government Master Plan [3]. This is a significant progress in the
area of e-Government it demonstrates concern to the needs of its
people, it shows that they are making efforts to make government
services more user-friendly and more effective and efficient, it’s
about doing more for less. Evidently, as the recent result of exhibits,
that there has been a sharp increase in the number of countries
that are initiating their own e-government that serves as a onestop platform for all their public services, which is conveniently
accessible online [4]. As more countries are making an effort to
move towards the future that makes public institutions more inclusive, effective, accountable and transparent. Notably, the world
embracing the idea of innovation and utilizing new technology to
produce information that reflects the people’s needs and encourage decision driven by the public. It opens for a government that
promotes participatory decision-making and service delivery. In
the Philippines, the application of e-government is in snail’s pace.
In 2013, the DOST through the Information and Communication
Technology Office (ICTO), unveiled the E- Government Master
Plan (EGMP) for 2013-2016 that serves as the blueprint for the
implementation of e-government related projects indicated in the
review of ICT Office which encompasses all aspects of the Philippine government [5]. However, as observed, as it becomes more
attractive, interesting and a growing phenomenon it has become
CCS CONCEPTS
• Applied computing → E-government; • Information systems → Online analytical processing.
KEYWORDS
E-Governance, E-Government, Decision Support System, Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
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https://doi.org/10.1145/3421682.3421691
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ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad
Figure 1: Stages of E-Government
diverse, every organization have individual ICT programs initiative
and interpretation for most government agencies that think it needs
one. E-government in the Philippines has an agenda that speak on
different planes and concern about the credibility and security of
the platform introduced in public [6]. Aside from the challenges
mentioned, factors that contribute are privacy protection, lack of
telecommunications infrastructure and the concern about the digital divide. As reviewed there is relatively few research addressing
perspective of the people towards ICTs and the Internet, which has
factors that contribute to the digital divide such as Geographical
Divide, Social Divide and Cultural Divide. There is no universally
accepted definition of e-government, and the idea vary widely, but
this paper subscribes to the common theme about the concept of
e-governments is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to improve the government processes to the benefit
of the citizens, businesses and the government itself [7]. The city
of Manila is considered urban and one of the busiest and biggest
in terms of population in the Philippines. Barangay in this area
has a minimum of 5,000 or more. The largest barangay in terms of
population size is Barangay 176 in Caloocan City with 247 thousand
persons [8]. Although Manila is one of the most progressive and
profitable cities in the country, a portion of the city population is
still experiencing poverty, hunger and other societal issues that
need to be addressed by the government. This paper highlights the
main problem of the Manila Barangay Bureau and the barangays
under its department. The poor use of data and information resulting in the incorrect identification of programs for the necessity
of each barangays and justification of their request is one of the
main problems of the community as discovered. Thus, the need to
automate Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS) intends to
contribute to the utilization of aggregate data from the resident of
each household in every barangay and encode it to the system that
was initially developed in accordance with the recommendations
from the perspective of the users [9]. Automated BIPS intends to
provide a technology that transforms paper-based data and complex
government in the Philippines into compelling visuals in the form
of a dashboard that meets the demand for providing an at-a-glance
view of public information in the areas of Labor and Employment,
Family Income and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and
(Age), Water and Sanitation, and Type of Housing and Education.
The collected data can be converted into something measurable and
can provide interactive charts, graphs, and statistics that enable
decision-makers, the public and other stakeholders to view and
evaluate the situation of their community and take part and help to
contribute towards a common goal. This system can easily justify
budget spending, project allocation and can attract another source
of funds. As part of the assessment (5) credible IT expert from the
industry will evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the system
before the beta launched of the system at Zone 42.
2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to
check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the target
users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking was done
after the quality assurance team checked the system. The approval
of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to validate the system
functionality and efficiency in the following areas:
2.1
Stages of E-Government Adoption
The definition of remarkable people about e-government suggests
that it is possible to perceive the concept of e-government, differently depending on one’s focus. Thus, it is important to know the
stages of e-government it is divided into four stages of development
and it increases their integration, technological and organizational
complexity as the level increases. It was presented and discussed in
the first version [10].
Stages of E-government as presented in Figure 1 shows that the
first stage is tailoring information to the target users by creating
government agency websites in the early stage. At this stage, the
emerging stage only established a one-way communication towards
the government and the governed is possible. This setting makes
the government portal as the nucleus for citizen engagement. The
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Development of an Information-Based Dashboard
ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
second stage enables users to download forms, create digitized applications and provide an interface that receives application online,
this phase is also known as the enhanced stage, government websites increase its functionality and become more dynamic. The third
stage provides a mechanism that helps the citizen to make online
payments for their transaction and interact with officials through
the web. On this stage, called transactional, two-way communication made possible. The Last stage presented is the fourth stage,
which covers every department under its umbrella; it was envision
being seamless, that makes integration of electronic services across
government agencies happen. Knowing the situation thru observation and data gathering from the initial stage of this study in 2016
with the 12 barangays in Zone 42, Sampaloc, Manila as the initial
testing area of this initiative can verify the presence or absence of
this changes and this paper recommend the appropriate integration of technology in the government based on the situation of the
adoption of technology in each barangay. The paper reference and
evidence [9], clearly shows that the application of e-government
in the area of their study is in its infancy and can be assumed that
almost all the barangay in the Philippines are in the early stage of
adoption.
2.2
often. As mandated under Sec 304 of the Republic Act No. 7160, as
frontline service providers, the “barangay should serve as the primary planning and implement unit of government policies, plans,
programs, projects, and activities in the community, and a forum
wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled”.
The creation of barangay unit was built in the intention to enhance
the delivery of basic services in the community and act upon, in
accordance with the needs of the public subject to the budgetary
limitations of the office. Sec. 388 describes the person in authority
in the barangay, for purposes of the revised penal code, the punong
barangay, Sangguniang Barangay members, and the members of the
lupong tagapamayapa in each barangay shall be deemed as persons
in authority in their jurisdiction. Sec. 389 chief executive powers,
duties and functions. The punong barangay as chief executive of
the barangay government shall exercise such powers and perform
such duties and functions, as provided by the law. For efficient,
effective and economical governance the punong barangay as part
of his or her duties and function is to prepare the annual executive and supplemental budgets of the barangay, exercise general
supervision over the activities of the sangguniang kabataan, ensure the delivery of basic service, approve vouchers relating to the
disbursement of Barangay funds, promote the general welfare of
the Barangay and maintain public order in the Barangay and assist
the city or municipal mayor and the sangguniang members in the
performance of their duties and functions. Mentioned above the
power vested upon the officials of the barangay by the Republic
act of the Philippines they are for the welfare of more than 5,000
residents in their area of responsibility. In the same way that the
budget of other levels in the local government basis is from the
barangay planning and decision-making. The barangay cycle starts
with the preparation of the barangay development plan, which
intends to allocate the budget and its resources to achieve their respective targets. It should contain priority areas of services, targets
and their respective accomplishments as described [13]. There are
a lot of factors that affect the quality of their service not just the
budget allocation but also, the data are not available to support
their request. Sometimes their decision-making has no basis at all
or data is outdated and irrelevant on the current situation of the
community.
Table 1 shows the study [14], which the book tracks on how
authority able to perform the principal responsibility for the delivery of the basic social services and operation in relation to the
barangay and its constituents. The LGUs and the Manila Barangay
Bureau were also given authority to collect information in relation to the barangay level and the government has the scheme to
determine the share of LGUs from the revenues collected by the national government thru taxes. LGUs was mandated to fight against
poverty within their areas of jurisdiction, implementation of their
responsibility has seen as their major weakness as they lack reliable
and credible baseline data. LGUs still rely on centrally produced
data from the National Statistics Office figuring out their programs,
activities, allocation of budget and its resources. These data, however, are not accurate because people who are assigned in the data
gathering are not familiar with the people and its community. It
is difficult to have one basis for the formulation of appropriate
policies and programs.
Top-down and Bottom-up Approach
Strategy in Implementation
A transition from the traditional way of doing things into a new
system is not always easy. Harnessing technology to promote transparency and good governance in the Philippines increasingly appeal for collaborative approaches to address different challenges
faced by multiple stakeholders here and around the world. The
following text will discuss the premise and relative utility of the
top-down and bottom-up approach in a general point of view presented by [11] top-down implementation defined as carrying out
policy thru statute, executive order, or court decision which authoritative decisions are centrally located by actors who wants to
produce the desired effects, defined by Matland [12].On the other
hand, bottom-up implementation approach started with the target
groups and service deliverers because they taught that the target
groups are the actual implementors of policy. Both are a good strategy and should be used depending on the nature of policy or project
being implemented. This paper is dedicated to continuing the demand side perspective of e-government and it is fitting to subscribe
to the bottom-uppers conclusion that the bottom-up approach is
more realistic and practical because success of e-government adoption and encouraging people in a paradigm shift when it comes to
technology greatly depend on the implementer’s ability to adapt
the new system into their processes. This path takes time but reflects the community interests and might discover useful practices from one barangay to the other and could contribute to egovernment success or can identify the hampers to the goal of the
program.
2.3
The Barangay
Information empowers the nation in many ways and as a resident
who belongs in the community the political unit that is accessible
for most people are the barangays. People express their thoughts
and address their needs in their respective barangay officials more
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Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad
Table 1: Available Sources of Data in the Philippines in relation to Barangay
Available Sources of
Data
Implementing Agency
Frequency of Collection
Family Income and National Statistics Of- Every 3 years
Expenditures Survey fice (NSO)
(FIES)
Annual Poverty Indica- NSO
Every year when the
tor Survey (APIS)
FIES is not conducted
2.4
National Nutritional
Survey (NNS)
Food and Nutrition Re- Every 5 years
search Institute (FNRI)
Census of Population
(CPH)
NSO
Every 10 years
Functional Literacy, Ed- NSO
ucation and Mass Media
Survey (FLEMMS)
Irregular
National Demographic
and Health Survey
(NDHS)
Labor Force Survey
(LFS)
NSO
Every 5 years
NSO
Every quarter of the
year
Family income and living expenditures and related information
Socioeconomic profiles
of families and other
information relating to
their living conditions
but not poverty incidence.
Food situation and nutritional status of the
population.
Size, composition, and
distribution of the population in the Philippines.
The Number of functionality literate population and the socioeconomic characteristics.
Demographic, maternal,
and child health issues
in the Philippines
Levels and trends
of employment, unemployment,
and
underemployment
and studies. The development of the system, on the other hand, followed the rudiments of Agile Project Methodology. Several studies
have concluded the benefits of this methodology in working closely
with our target users [16], stated that clients feel more comfortable
to share their ideas knowing they can participate in crafting the
vision of the concept was described [17], as a method that supports
quick changes to the scope and direction of the project based on
the requirements which are applicable to the direction of this paper.
On the other hand, the assessment of the system uses descriptive
method as the research design. It attempts to describe, explain and
interpret the data gathered from the questionnaire and analyzed the
preliminary data using a Likert-type scale. Agile web development
is an agile approach that allows developers to be involved with
the content and navigation from the beginning and allows beta
launches for collecting feedback as early as possible from everyone
involved with a project from the bottom, which pertains to the
target users up to the top decision-makers and IT specialist were
encourage to meet in-person during the early stages of development
that makes everyone on the same vision from the very start that
saves time reducing conversation and communication cycle to the
overall development. Retrieved from the comprehensive overview
of [18] differentiating the difference of traditional process of web development and agile web development can be visualized in figure 2.
Davao City eyes Barangay Profiling System
A powerful bomb explosion in Davao City that killed 15 people and
wounded 69 others made a realization that profiling system can
help in this kind of situation having at the back of their minds and
thought about if they oblige their respective barangays to submit
information about their respective constituents it could be easier
to investigate this type of incident [15]. It is timely that this paper invests its time and effort in the bottom-up approach, making
all voices count, while everybody else focusing on doing research
areas at the top this information system is carefully designed in
consideration with the target users and utilizing data to generate
informative dashboard that can be used for management and planning in barangay for better decision making that hopefully leads to
the contribution to the success of making government transparent,
accountable with good governance. Keeping in mind that the concept and the design of the system would not be possible without
the help of the people in the barangay and other external factors in
their environment. This time, the system will be tested by IT.
3
Data Obtained
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Survey method was used in this study and relied heavily on the
data gathered from the community and review of related literature
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Development of an Information-Based Dashboard
ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Figure 2: Agile Web Development
3.1
3.2.2 Geo-Information Module. The Geographic information module of the system was used to analyze spatial which identifies the
geographic location of members of the community, their geographic
location and mapped the community governed by each barangay.
As depicted, geo-information allows the government official to
view the actual household and environment of their respective area.
In compliance with the National Privacy Commission to protect
personal data involved and encoded in the system proper consent
to the participants of this study was properly solicited for the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification
and retrieval of this kind of data in the system. The system ensures
that the product complies with the international standards set for
data protection through the National Privacy Commission (NPC).
System Paradigm
The System Paradigm as depicted in Figure 3 shows the process
involved in the system developed. The main users are the government official in their respective barangay who are part of the
budget allocation, approval and decision-making. The barangay
information profiling system with profiling module that captures
the basic information, expenses and bills payment of a particular
household in the community governed by the barangay. This data
from each household will be stored in the database depending on
the option of the official whether to store it in the cloud or on a
local database, the security was the main concerned and the architecture carefully design the system to allow access to authorized
personnel only by providing a mechanism to login in with the
use of username and password. The authorized users is capable
of adding, editing, and deleting data or profile of a resident stored
in the database. The system automatically aggregates the data in
the following areas: Labor and Employment, Family Income and
Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water and
Sanitation, Type of Housing and Education. The aggregated data
can create visual dashboard and reports related in the following
areas that provide an overview about the community and can be
the basis for budget requests, allocation and decision making for
the good of the community well-being.
3.2
3.2.3 Barangay Dashboard. The Dashboard in barangay level used
to present the most valuable and useful set of information about
the communities’ status in Labor and Employment, Family Income
and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water
and Sanitation, Type of Housing and Education.
The barangay dashboard as shown in Figure 4, enables government official a quick overview of the aggregated count of resident
data. The dashboard can be utilized for proper allocation of government funds and an effective way to entice other agency to support
the community. It is capable to be access and analyze-up to date
information by the users can give them smarter and data driven decisions for their constituents. The system created in 2015 in Zone 42,
the feature of the system primarily deployed in different barangays.
As observed, typical issues and problems arise in the barangay,
thus, make it with the realization that every barangays plan and
need to allocate budget for the community with great concern for
the peoples labor and employment, family income and expenditures, education, demography by age and population, water and
sanitation and should equip them with knowledge for disaster preparedness. With this, the dashboard and the feature of the profiling
system integrated their needs as we improve and make the project
sustainable for making it a good dashboard that measure the profile
of every household in the community for visualization across the
organization to get valuable insight and drive quick and data-driven
decisions. Barangay dashboard gets a consolidated view of all the
profile within the community governed.
System Features
The features of the system include 1.) Profiling Module; (2) Geoinformation and; (3) Barangay Dashboard. The main modules have
sub-modules which will be discussed accordingly in the following
text.
3.2.1 Profiling Module. The profiling module of the barangay covers the basic information, expenses, and their bills. The data collected in the areas mentioned will be encoded in the system for
monitoring of the community. Before a dashboard can produce its
consolidated information, it started with the collection of household
profile. The basic information such as the photo of the household,
family name, cell phone number, telephone number, address, purok,
affiliation, religion, house ownership, type of house, access to comfort room and safe water questionnaire. After filling up the basic
information it will lead to another form, it is about their household
expenses such as approximated daily consumption, daily transportation, house rent, and house operation, educational, medical
and recreational expenses. In addition, the system also asked about
your approximated regular bills payment such as electric, water,
cable, telephone, internet bills and others.
3.3
Research Instrument
Questionnaires were prepared to determine the response of the
respondents towards the system. To address the measurement of
the perception of the respondents about the Barangay Information
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ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad
Figure 3: System Paradigm
Figure 4: Barangay Dashboard
Profiling System (BIPS), the 5-point scale was used, five being the
highest and one being the lowest rank. Table 2 shows the Likert
scale to quantify the response to the question given to credible
industry practitioner who accesses the system. Table 2 also shows
the criteria on how to interpret the collected data in the survey that
was used to evaluate the functionality and efficiency of the system
before beta launch.
4
Table 3 shows the overall results of the system evaluation for
the Functionality criterion. The indicator regarding correct and
accurate query result ranked first with its mean response of 4.80
interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’, followed by the indicator regarding
easy to understand sequence of operation with mean response of
4.40 interpreted as ‘Agree’ and indicator corresponding to security of data with the use of passwords and username got a mean
response of 4.20 interpreted as ‘Agree’. It can be gleaned that IT experts ‘Agreed’ regarding the functionality of Barangay Information
Profiling System in the following criterion and obtained an overall
mean assessment of 4.47.
Table 4 reveals experts’ level of assessment concerning the software evaluation for the Efficiency criterion. As tested, the indicator
regarding the system capability to complete several tasks at a certain
time got the first rank with its mean response of 4.80 interpreted
as ‘Strongly Agree’. Followed closely by in the second rank by the
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to
initially check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the
target users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking
was done after the quality assurance team checked the system. The
approval of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to validate
the system functionality and efficiency in the following areas:
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Development of an Information-Based Dashboard
ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Table 2: Rating Scale Criteria
Rating
Verbal Interpretation
4.51-5.00
3.51-4.50
2.51-3.50
1.51-2.50
1.00-1.50
Strongly Agree
Agree
Partly Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Very Important
Important
Moderately Important
Slightly Important
Not Important at all
|
Highly Acceptable
Acceptable
Moderately Acceptable
Fairly Acceptable
Not Acceptable
Table 3: Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of Functionality
Statement
Mean Response
Interpretation
Rank
(1) The sequence of operation is easy to understand.
(2) The result in queries
is correct and accurate.
(3) Data is secured with
the use of passwords
and usernames.
OVERALL
4.40
Agree
2
4.80
Strongly Agree
1
4.20
Agree
3
4.47
Agree
Table 4: Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of Efficiency
Statement
Mean Response
Interpretation
Rank
(1) There is acceptable
response and processing time.
(2) Network traffic does
not occur if many users
are online at the same
time
(3) The system is capable of completing several tasks at a certain
time.
(4) The system consistently uses enough computer resources for all
its functions.
4.60
Strongly Agree
2
4.40
Agree
3
4.80
Strongly Agree
1
4.20
Agree
4
OVERALL
4.50
Agree
indicator regarding acceptable response and processing time with a
mean response of 4.60 interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’, in the third
rank, the indicator “Network traffic does not occur if many users
are online at the same time” got a mean response of 4.40 interpreted as ‘Agree’. The indicator regarding consistency of system
to use enough computer resources for all its functions had a mean
response of 4.20 interpreted as ‘Agree’. The respondents ‘Agreed’
that the system passed regarding the efficiency criterion as seen
from its overall mean assessment of 4.50.
5
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
BIPS used to take advantage of the use of technology for budget
allocation and decision making in the barangay. BIPS can help
Barangay official utilize the data from household profiling by coming up with an aggregate form that can be visualized in the system
dashboard. The Barangay officials can make use of the information
as the basis for budgeting and supporting documents to generate
other ways in uplifting the quality of life and wellbeing of the
community governed. The review of related literature and studies
supports the direction of this paper and shown existence of similar
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ICSET’20, August 15–17, 2020, Taipei, Taiwan
Angelique D. Lacasandile, Mideth B. Abisado, Rogel M. Labanan, and Lalaine P. Abad
concept denoting the relevance and acceptability of such technology. Since the system is on its way for beta launching inputs from
its target users can help to improve and enhanced the initial version
released and other areas, criterion and method for testing can be
explored as the system and this concept progress in the future. The
IT experts recommend citywide implementation of the system to
assess its acceptability and determine the constraints related to its
implementation in a city, eyeing for a bigger impact could be the
next phase for this initiative. Additionally, data analytics improvement after a year of implementation and security of the system is
required as we deal with sensitive information about a household
in the community.
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