Topic 2 BLS
17.04.2020
10:24 AM
1.Name all types of death:
№
1
2
3
Name
Clinical
Biological
Sudden cardiac
death
Characteristic
Potentially reversible condition, duration 3-5 min
Potentially irreversible that leads to death
Sudden and unexpected. Caused for loss of heart
function
4
2. Name signs of clinical death:
№
1
2
3
4
Main
Additional
Absence of hemodynamics No reflexes
Cessation of heart beating
No pulse and heart sound
Cessation of breath
No respiratory movement
Cessation of brain activity No corneal reflexes
3. What are the signs of biological death and the time of their occurrence:
- Beloglazov symptom, appears 10-15 minutes after death
-Drying of the cornea and mucous membrane 1.5- 2 hours
-Dead spot
-Rigor motis 2-4 hours after death
-Corpse cooling 20-25degrees
(average of loss 1 degree per hour
of death)
4. Name all the terminal conditions:
№
Name
BP
1
Preagony ˂60 mm Hg
2
Agony
3
Terminal Decrease Bp
pause
quickly
4
Clinical
death
Decrease
blood pressure
to 0
Breathin CNS function
g
Duration
Superfici Depressed
al
ineffecti
ve
Several hours several days
Acute
acceleratio
n of
breathing
with
subsequent
stop
Decline of
cerebral cortex
function
Hypoxia Depressed
Hypoxe
mia
-
-
-
It varies
Several times
4-5mins
5. What are the known stages of identifying the signs of clinical death in the
victim?
№
1
Act
Check for pulse
Notes (how to detect)
2
Determining the presence of
consciousness
Using the AVPU system
3
Determining the respiration
Checked by the visible movements of the
chest
during inhalation and exhalation or by putting
the ear
to the chest, hear the sound of breathing.
4
Reaction to light
The upper eyelid of the victim is raised and
the pupil
size is determined visually, the eyelid drops
and
immediately rises again. If the pupil remains
wide
and does not narrow after repeated lifting of
the
eyelid, then we can assume that there is no
reaction
to light.
The absence of a pulse on the carotid artery is
the
main sign of circulatory arrest
6. What is the correct algorithm for assisting the victim with no signs of life
without signs
№
1
Act
Notes
Unresponsive
and
not breathing
normally
Check
responsiveness
Get help
2
Call emergency service
Monitor until
Services
emergency
responders arrive
3
Give 30 chest compressions Assess
for breathing
and pulse
4
Give 2 rescue breaths
5
6
Continue CPR 30:2
Shockable
(VF/pulseless
VT
Immediately
resume CPR
30:2 for 2 min
7
Non-Shockable
(PEA/
Asystale)
Immediately
resume CPR
30:2 for 2 min
8
Ask to bring AED
Explain to the assistant how he looks and his
location
Maintain patient
airway and begin
rescue breathing
7. What are the known complications of chest compressions:
№
1
2
Complication
Rib fracture
Stomach
distension
Notes
May cause damage to the lung tissue
May create pressure against lungs due to air in the
stomach
3
4
Vomiting
Lung contusion
May present danger to the victim.
Can lead to fracture of the sternum or rib
8. What are the features of chest compressions in some categories of victims:
Place for
compressi
ons
Adults
Pregnants
Elder people
Children
The victim is
lying on his
back, on a
solid base.
On the
border
between the
middle and
lower thirds
of the
sternum
should be
placed on the
right-hand side
with a towel or
cushion wedged
under the belly.
Place the child on a firm
The victim is surface on their back.
lying on his Kneel beside them
Newborns
.
Place infant
on a firm
surface on
Straighten your
back, on a
their back
arm and position
solid base.
and Kneel
On the
yourself over the
beside them
border
child’s chest.
between the Use the weight of .
middle and
lower thirds
of the
sternum
your body to press
straight down
onto their chest
by ⅓ the depth of
their chest which
is generally about
5 cm.
Press sternum
1/2 to 1/3
depth of the
chest
Use middle and
ring finger
.
Rate of
compressi
ons
100-120 per
min
100- 120
per min
Depth of
compressi
ons
5-6 sm
5 cm
BLS starts
with
Compression
s
Compression Compressi
Ratio
compressi
ons
\breathings
30:2
100- 120
per min
Under l year
Compression
more than 100
ions
per 1 minute - 2
compression in 1
second, from one
to eight years - at
least 100
compressions per
1
5cm
s
ons
30:2
30:2
Compressions
100- 120
per min
1/2 to 1/3
depth of the
chest
Compressio
ns
30:2
30:2
9. What are the known artificial respiration techniques for the victims:
- with the help of a face mask and a respiratory bag
-mouth - to - mouth method
-with the help of tracheal intubation
10. Name all the accessories one should use to maintain airways open and
artificial respiration:
№
to maintain airways open
artificial respiration
1
2
3
4
5
Oropharyngeal airway Respiratory bag
Endotracheal tube
Coinicotomy
Laryngeal tube
Tracheal intubator
Nasopharyngeal airway
Laryngeal mask