к m
?
. 1 - S 2 з
Навчальне виданий
УДК 8 11.111
ББК 81.2 Англ
Т 92
ТУ Ч И Н А
Наталія Василівна
Ж АРКОВСЬКА
Інна Валеріївка
ЗАЙЦЕВА
Ніна Олександрівна
КА М И Н ІН
Ігор Миколайович
Рецензенти;
Іончар О. В.. завідувач кафедри іноземних мов
Харківської державної академії дизайну і мистецтв,
доктор педагогічних наук, професор
Борова Т. А., завідувач кафедри іноземних мов
Харківського національного економічного університету,
доктор педагогічних наук, професор
Худож н и к-оформл ювач
Г. В. Кісель
5 3>Y fO'-f
Т 92
A Wav to Success: English for University Students. Year 2
(Teacher’s Book) / H. В. Тучина, 1. В. Жарковоька, H. О. Зайцева
та ін.; худож-оформлювач Г. В. Кісель. — Харків: Фоліо,
2014. - 320 с.; іл.
ISBN 978-966-03-7005-0.
Підручник складається » 14 уроків (units), які за тематикоситуативним змістом і мовним матеріалом відповідають
програмі другого курсу мовного ВНЗ, віковим особливо­
стям студентів і сферам їх пізнавальних інтересів. За раху­
нок особнстісно зорієнтованих вправ і завдань, викладу змісту
на основі коннентричності і циклічності планування, опори
на багатий ілюстративний матеріал створюється сприятливе
в афективному відношенні мовне довкілля. Рівень складності
звукових і друкованих матеріалів і завдань до них відповідає
рівню В2 »а шкалою Рекомендацій Ради Європи і забезпечує
реалізацію приниину наступності порівняно з підручником
"A Way to Success” для студентів І курсу. Наприкінці підруч­
ника подано ключі по вправ і завдань.
К и ї с г: ь к и й національнії.-,
лінгвістик ■й університет
Ідентифікаційний код 0212 5 2 6 0
Б ІБ Л ІО Т Е К А ^
УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2 Англ
Ce Н.В.Тучина. I.И.Жаркова.ка.
H .О.Зайцева. I M. К аминін.
ISBN 978-966-03-7005-0
M. В. Колеенік. Л.Є. Красовииька.
Г.Ф. Крівчикова. Т. К. Меркулова. 2014
с Г В. Кісель. художнє оформлення.
2UI4
КОЛЕСНІК
Марина Володимирівна
КРАСОВИЦЬКА
Лада Євгенівна
КРІВЧИКОВА
Галина Федорівна
МЕРКУЛОВА
Тетяна Костянтинівна
A WAY ТО SU C C ESS
English for University Students.
Year 2
(Teacher’s Book)
Голошиїй редактор A. В. Василькова
Технічним редактор Г. С. Таран
Художній редактор і ком п ’ютерна нерстка
В. А. Мурликін
Коректор Л. В. Дмитрієва
П ідписано до друку 04.08 14.
Форми і 84хЮХ/16.
Умов. лрук. арк ЗЗ.оО
О блік.-нил. арк. 39,98
Тираж 300 ирим
Зам овлення Ne 10091
ГОВ “Видавництво Фоліо*
Свідоцтво про внесення суб'єкта видавничі» справи
ло Д ерж авною рссстру вилавлів. вигоппників
і ровіоасюлжувачів нилаиничої продукції
Д К М 3194 віл 22.05.2008
61057. Харків, вул Римарська. 21А
Електронна адреса: www.folio.com.ua
L- rnai І. reali2a1ion@foU0.com ua
І нтернет-магазин: www.bookpost.com.ua
Надруковано в друкарні ТОВ *Діса плюс*.
МОЮ. Харків. Вяшенковеькии в'їзд, бу ї 16
Гол. (057) 768-03-15, e-mnil disa_pltis@Tnail.ru
Свідоцтво cv64 кта ниллмничої справи
сері« ДК Na 4047 від 15.04.2011
4................................................................................... Unit 1
EVERY MAN TO HIS TRADE
23................................................................................... Unit 2
THIS AMAZING PLACE WE LIVE IN
35................................................................................... Unit 3
A CITY IS MORE
THAN A PLACE IN SPACE
47................................................................................... Unit 4
GEOGRAPHY BEING DESTINY
62................................................................................... Unit 5
GOD MADE THE COUNTRY
AND MAN MADE THE TOWN
78...................................................................................Unit 6
CROSSING BORDERS
97...................................................................................Unit 7
OUT AND ABOUT
120...................................................................................Unit 8
ON THE MOVE
140...................................................................................Unit9
DESTINATION: HOLIDAY
159.................................................................................Unit 10
HEALTH IS THE GREATEST WEALTH
174................................................................................. Unit 11
MEDICINES CURE DISEASES,
DOCTORS CURE PATIENTS
196.................................................................................Unit 12
ALL SPORTS FOR ALL PEOPLE
211................................................................................. Unit 13
SWIFTER, HIGHER, STRONGER
232.................................................................................Unit 14
ALL THE WORLD'S A STAGE
257........................................ Tapescripts
and answer key section
Unitl
EVERY MAN
TO HIS TRADE
I. LEAD-IN
Read the quotation on the right and answer
the questions below.
A) People work because they need money
to live on. W hat are other reasons that
make people work?
B) There is a saying, “Some work to live,
some others live to w ork.” Which is true
in reference to your parents, relatives,
friends?
ii. v o c a b u l a r y
M atch the professions on
the le ft with the correct
definitions on the right.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
H)
an am bassador
a bookm aker
a butcher
a coach
an estate agent
an interpreter
a judge
a notary
a priest
a plum ber
a porter
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
g)
ID
i)
j)
k)
M atch each occupation
on the le ft with the most
appropriate tools or pieces
of equipm ent on the right.
4
There are three types of work:
First, th e re’s the job — w here the goal is simply to
earn a living and support your family.
Then there’s the career — where you trace
your progress through various ap p o in tm en ts and
achievements.
Finally, there’s the calling — the ideal blending o f
activity and character that makes work inseparable
from life.
Robert Bella
mmmmmm
a person whose job is carrying people’s luggage and loads at railway
stations, airports, hotels, m arkets etc
a public officer with authority to decide cases in a law court
a diplom at sent from one country to another either as a perm anent
representative or on a special mission
a person appointed to perform religious duties and cerem onies in
the C hristian C hurch
a person whose jo b is taking bets on horse races
a person whose job is cutting up and selling m eat
a person who gives a sim ultaneous translation o f words spoken in
another language
a person whose job is to fit and repair water pipes, w ater-tanks,
cisterns etc in a building
a person who train s sportsm en
a person who buys and sells houses for others
a person with official authority to witness the signing o f legal
docum ents and perform some o th er legal functions
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
a dairym aid
a tailor
an optician
a roofer
an electrician
a clerk
a sculptor
a conductor
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
needles, threads, sew ing-m achines
chisel, wax, clay
filing cabinet, a com puter, paper
tank for sterilized m ilk, a cream separator
tiles, ham m er, nails
lenses, spectacles, binoculars
a wall sockct, wire
a baton, a m usic-stand, a score
U n it 1. Every man to his trade —
^
Look through the list of jobs. Divide them into
professions, trades and unskilled jobs.
Work in pairs. Find out about a person’s job or
profession. Use the phrases in the box. Follow
the example.
A:
B:
A:
W liat do you d o for a living?
I write program m es for the com puter.
So, you're a program m er.
В:
I)
Note: Traditionally, professions are occupations that
involve mainly intellectual work and require a higher
education. Trades are occupations that dem and a high
level o f m anual skill and an extended period o f training.
Professions
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
^
• a blacksmith
• a bricklayer
• a draftsm an
• an engine
driver
• a florist
• a forester
♦ a goldsm ith
y
c)
d)
e)
0
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
U nskilled jobs
guard
m iner
lawyer
locksm ith
loader
m iller
midwife
broker
• a refuse
collector
• a receptionist
• a shepherd
• a traffic
warden
• a typist
• a web designer
m edia
tourism
counselling
finance
5)
6)
7)
an accountant
an actor
an auditor
an astronom er
an archaeologist
a bank teller
a DJ
an editor
a journalist
a new sreader
doctor, surgeon, dentist, vet;
police officer, nurse, teacher, arm y
officer;
carpenter, plum ber, bricklayer, lawyer;
professor, lecturer, secretary, teacher;
taxi-driver, pilot, chauffeur, bus
conductor;
journalist, bank-teller. accountant, auditor.
W hat are some common ways of forming
nouns denoting jobs and professions? How
many ways can you suggest? Give examples
from the tasks above and add some more,
which are not m entioned. Fill in the table. The
first exam ple is given to you.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
T rades
M atch the jobs to the categories below:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Decide which is the odd one out and give
reasons.
a)
b)
g
1 study the latest developm ents in
m athem atics.
We exam ine chem ical properties
o f m etals.
M r W hite is an expert on stars.
My friend’s involved in the m edical
treatm ent o f cancer.
I'm working in the field o f nuclear
physics.
T hey study the m ind and how it
influences people's behaviour.
His wife's an expert in the history
o f F rench revolution.
My b rother studied dram a and went
on the stage.
M r B urton edits a daily newspaper.
M rs H u dson’s a m em ber o f an
orchestra.
ш
ш
ш
т ш
Suffix -c r
ш
sciences
arts and
entertainm ent
health care
a psychoanalyst
a physician
a physicist
a playwright
a publisher
a social
worker
a surgeon
a travel agent
a guide
ш
ИПЕ'ЧИЦ
driver
5
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
Today th e re are alm ost no jobs th a t can
be done by a man or a woman only. So it
has becom e unpopular to use w ords which
contain parts like “-m a n ,” “m a le ” or “la d y ,”
or suffix - e s s . Fill in the tab le w ith politically
c o rre c t words.
OUTDATED USAGE
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
10 Read the following descriptions and guess
which jobs are described.
a)
b)
C U R R EN T USAGE
c)
d)
an air-hostess
am bulance
men
a ch airm an
a cleaning
lady
a firem an
a forem an
a m ale nurse
a policem an/
a policewoman
a salesm an
a spokesm an
e)
0
g)
h)
They help people who need legal advice.
Som etim es they have to go to court.
They work in the fields growing crops and
also breed anim als such as cows, sheep,
pigs, and geese.
They treat anim als that are sick.
These people take your order and serve
you in restaurants. If the service is good it
is custom ary to leave a tip for them .
These people may ask to look inside your
case when you cross the border. They look
for drugs or objects which people try
to bring into the country illegally.
They are usually very attractive people
and their job is to appear in photographs
advertising new clothes and beauty products.
These people design new buildings. They
have to draw up clear plans so that the
builders know exactly what to do.
If you want a new suit or dress specially
m ade to fit you, you need their service.
III. SPEAKING
Name at least 3 jobs for each item on the
list below using U s e fu l L a n g u a g e b o x . Give
reasons to explain your choice.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
6
are the best paid in your country;
need a lot o f training'
you find the least pleasant:
require w earing special clothes;
dem and the fastest actions;
involve dealing with people’s problems;
you find most boring;
give an op p ortunity to travel;
require the knowledge o f a foreign
language;
often give a chance to get tips;
involve a lot o f stress;
can be a challenge for you;
require lots o f im agination;
can negatively affect family life:
3 at11■
•
•
•
•
•
•
INTRODUCING ANOTHER IDEA
• lastly
to begin with
firstly, secondly.
• m oreover
thirdly
• then
furtherm ore
• then again
in addition
• after that
besides
• also
in the first place
• another
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • a * «
12
Name at least three jobs that would probably
be impossible for som eone who:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
has very bad hearing;
is always seasick/ airsick;
is bad at m aths;
understands noth in g about children;
is afraid o f anim als;
is afraid o f heights;
c a n ’t stand the sight o f blood.
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
13 Say
who you would turn to in the
following situations using the words
from the box.
an astrologist, a dustm an/ a refuse collector,
a receptionist, an optician, an estate agent,
a florist, an electrician, a hairdresser,
a publisher, a dentist
14 Translate into English.
1)
2)
E.g.: I f / want to read some old historic
documents, / would go to an
archivist.
3)
1)
4)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
You want your horoscope to be
m ade up for you.
You want to buy a bunch of
flowers.
You th in k your eyes need testing.
You have a lot o f rubbish you
want to get rid of.
T here is a power cut in your
house.
You have decided to sell your
house.
You have w ritten a book and you
want the world to sec it.
You are going to check in at
a hotel to stay for a few days.
A filling has com e out o f your
tooth.
You need to have your h air cut
and done.
*
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Робота ш к іл ь н о го в ч и тел я має свої
переваги та н ед о л ік и , але вона д ій сн о
ц ік ав а, я к щ о тіл ь к и ви л ю б и те дітей .
О ф іц іан ти та стю ардеси п о ви н н і бути
у в аж н и м и та дуж е в віч л и в и м и , об сл у ­
говую чи кл ієн тів.
Ведення дом аш нього господарства —
така ж робота, я к і будь-яка інш а.
Ніхто не може сказати напевне, скільки
три ває робочий день домогосподарки.
П раця ш ахтарів дуж е в аж ка. Вони
п рац ю ю ть глибоко під зем лею у тя ж ­
ких умовах. С ам е через це вони рано
виходять на пенсію .
Я зав ж д и м ріяв стати військови м
і сл у ж и ти в арм ії.
Цей д о св ід ч ен и й п ерукар роб и ть
чудові зач іски своїм к л ієн та м . Не д и в ­
но, щ о д о н ього завж ди черга.
У н ад зв и ч ай н ій си ту ац ії лю ди часто
в и к л и к а ю ть пож еж ну бригаду
і ш видку. П ож еж н и к и і л ік ар і ш ви дк ої
( p a r a m e d ic s ) н ам агаю ться я к н а й ш в и д ­
ше врятувати лю дей.
Н а й к р ащ і архітектори світу були
зап р о ш ен і на б у д ів н и ц тв о ц ього міста.
Закон ів у наш ій державі н астільки бага­
то, що л и ш е н ай квал іф ікован іш і юри­
сти і судді доскон ало знаю ться на них.
К ож н а гг’єса ц ього н ад зви ч ай н о
тал а н о в и то го драм атурга відображ ає
сучасне ж и ття.
U n it 1. tv e ry man to his trade
IV. VOCABULARY ■ ■ ■ I
to
to
to
to
to
to
BOX A
to get the sack
to be hired
to be a workaholic
■jg In box A find expressions that are similar in
meaning.
gaps choosing a suitable word
from the box below. You can use some
words in the plural.
job, occupation, profession, posl/position.
vacancy, c are er, calling
the expressions from boxes A and B.
• to work (in) shifts
• to work first/
second shift
• to be on flexitime
• to work flexitim e/
flexi hours
• to work nine-to-five
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
8
to work regular
h o u rs/ long hours
to work part-tim e
to work fulltim e
to work overtim e
to take early
retirem ent
to retire
to be on the dole
My m other starts work at 9 am and
finishes at 5 pm.
T h ey ’ve m ade him Executive M anager
after only six m onths with this com pany.
I lost my job. They had to m ake cutbacks.
He is out o f work and gels money from
the governm ent.
My father works at a factory. One week
he works in the daytim e, an o th er week he
works at night.
T he trouble is that you are too obsessed
with your work.
He d id n 't do his job well, he was very
often late, and the m anager d id n 't want
him to work any longer.
He stopped w orking though he is only 54
I do n 't want to work regular hours,
I prefer to start and finish work
at different tim es each day. so
I can spend more tim e with
my daughters.
Brian is a student, he has
to find m eans to support
himself, and so he has
found a job in a cafeteria and
works three hours a day there.
be out o f work
take on
work like a dog
get prom oted
be em ployed
clim b a career ladder
17 Fill in the
16 Paraphrase the sentences using
BOX B
to
to
to
to
to
to
be laid off
be fired
be dism issed
recruit
be m ade redundant
be unem ployed
Please, state your age, address, and
_____________ in the space below.
2 ) My brother m ade a b r illia n t______
in journalism .
3) My aunt holds a k e y _____________
in this departm ent.
4) T here was a great dem and for
engineers in the 1960s. and m any
graduates entered t h e ___________
at the tim e.
5) She was the first wom an ever to take
up t h e _______________o f President.
6) You may leave your letter
o f application and CV. we have three
_______________for typists.
7) My f i r s t __________________ a record
shop and I'll rem em ber those times
forever!
8) There are now m uch more wom en
in the m e d ic a l____________________ ..
9) He applied for t h e ________________
o f assistant m anager in a big com pany
10) You can read want ads to learn
about _______________ available and
then you can apply for any o f them.
ID She chose a p o litic a l___________ .
12) Laura has a w e ll-p a id __________
in the tax departm ent.
13) It is in Sarah’s nature to
help others, so her work is
inseparable from life. Being
a doctor isn't just her job.
it’s her
Gardening is a nice
14)
for bright
spring days.
1)
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
I Q Collocate the verbs and nouns in the table.
to get (2), to earn, to do (2). to find (2). to do for, to look for (2), to take on, to offer (2).
to have (2). to make
A JO B
W ORK
A L IV IN G
to look for a job
19 Com plete the information in the table.
Jo b
1
Describe three more jobs.
W ork place
Responsibilities
Speeial qualities required
perfect cycsighl. quick reaction
pilot
physical stre n g th , love o f n atu re
farm
2
3
a rt studio
4
restaurant
creatcs w orks o f a rt in
stone, m eta l, w ood etc.
knowledge o f different c o u n trie s’
cuisines
treats sick a n im a ls
5
20 Fill in the gaps choosing a suitable word or expression from the box.
• perks
•qualifications
•ambitious
•job security
•a salary
• references
•promotion
•a commission
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
_ is not very high right now but there is a good chance
His
It will m ean more m oney and more responsibility,
of _
make Nora the most suitable candidate for the
Her
advertised post.
W hen a person's job is selling some product, it usually m eans getting a
percentage o f the value of w hat has been sold. It is c a lle d _____________
Most employers prefer the applicants who can subm it g o o d ___________
from their teachers and previous employers.
free m eals, health
Some jobs have extra benefits called
insurance, use o f the com pany car. longer vacations.
m eans being sure o f o n e’s future in their working place.
A ( n ) __________________ person prefers having a challenging job to the one
that dem ands little o f them .
V. READING
21
Read a biographical sketch and think
of an appropriate title to the tex t.
D riving hom e in the early m o rn in g after
a 12-hour shift in the em ergency room , D r John
M ullen is alone with his thoughts. T hat stops the
m om ent a two-way radio on his dashboard gives
5 h im a message: there has been a h it-a n d -ru n
accident a couple o f m iles away, and the suspect
is driving a Cainaro (1). M ullen spots the ca r and
follows; when the suspect pulls into his driveway
and steps out, the doc — w ith a badge in one hand
10 and pistol on his h ip — im m ediately places him
u nder arrest.
An ER (2) doc who is also a small-town
lawman (3) — is in fact the chosen lifestyle o f
O r M ullen, 52, w ho is both a physician at the T itus
15 Regional M edical C enter in M ount Pleasant. Texas,
a n d a local deputy sheriff. Exotic as his career
com bination m ight seem , it’s even m ore notew orthy
w hen one considers w hat M ullen gave up for it.
Before moving to the w oods o f East Texas, he had
20 been a nationally renowned (4) neurosurgeon in
D allas, earn in g about three tim es his curren t salary.
Indeed, M ullen has been on som ething o f a dual
career path since his college days. A fter graduatin g
from the U niversity o f V erm ont at B urlington with
25 a B.S. in chem istry in 1970, he went to work for
the state m edical exam iner, assisting in m ore than
one thousand autopsies. T hree years later his boss
urged him to try m edical school. M ullen attended
S outhern Illinois and went on to do his in ternship
30 and residency (5) at D uke before beginning his
high-pow ered neurosurgery career in D allas.
By the late ‘80s, Mullen had a sterling (6) reputation,
the financial trappings (7) his profession m ade
possible — and a lot o f anxiety. “All I did was
35 work and th in k about w ork,” he recalls. In January'
1991 the surgeon, a lieutenant colonel in the A rm y
Reserves, was called up for O peration D esert
Storm . In the Saudi A rabian desert, he did a lot
o f th in k in g about his career, h is th ird failing
40 m arriage — and resolved to shake up (8) his life.
W ithin six m onths he had. By th en th e d o cto r —
who had begun tak in g forensics (9) courses w hile
still a fu ll-tim e neurosurgeon — had com pleted
the N o rth east Texas Police A cadem y’s yearlong
course w ith honors. He had also p u rch ased a hom e
on picturesque Lake C ypress Springs — an d , most
im portantly, persuaded F ran k lin C o u n ty S h eriff
C harles J. W hite to use h im as an unpaid deputy.
“ 1 c a n ’t say I im m ediately look him seriously,”
says W hite, 42. “ But w e’re very fo rtu n ate to have
som eone with his expertise (10). H aving a m edical
d o cto r w orking at the scene o f crim e is a big plus in
th is business.”
D u rin g his eight years on the job, M ullen
has made a mark (11). Now an in stru c to r
at th e police academ y, he has becom e the
g o -to guy to investigate all m ajor crim e scenes
in his ju risd ictio n . (A lthough the sh e riffs office
has offered to put h im on salary, he says he's happy
w ith the cu rren t arran g em en t; it has allowed
the d ep artm en t to hire an additional deputy.) Some
crim in al investigations began w hile M ullen was
on the jo b in the ER. O nce, a m o th er brought in
a child she claim ed had recently stopped breathing.
M ullen quickly realized the boy had been beaten
to d eath. H is careful d o cu m en tatio n
o f th e injuries helped m ake the m urder case against
the m o th er and her boyfriend. A nd it’s not unusual
for fellow law m en to drop by w hile M ullen is
in the E R . h oping to discuss a p articu la r case
o f theirs.
T he doctor m arried the fourth tim e in January 1998.
M ullen struck up (12) a conversation with M arth a
one night at T itus Regional. She was th en w orking
as an oncology nurse, reading form er FBI agent
Jo h n D o u g las’s book Mind-lumrer. Now' retired
from nursing, M arth a is ta k in g correspondence
courses in forensics — and looking forward to one
day w orking with M ullen at crim e scenes
as a h usband-and-w ife co n su ltin g team .
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
n mn to his trade
22 A)
B)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Say which facts from J. M ullen’s life
the pictures show.
Answer the questions to the text.
W hen was this person born? In what
m ajor period of tim e does the person live?
In what city or country does this person
live?
W hat were the im portant periods in this
person’s life?
W hat were this person’s major
achievem ents? W hat did this person do
th at affected the lives o f o th er people?
W hat are the ou tstanding personality
traits o f this person? How are those
personality traits and this person's
accom plishm ents related?
How does the au th o r try to
Interest his readers at the very
beginning?
W hat is the au th o r’s attitude
toward this person? W hat
does he want his audience
to th in k o f this person?
Is the sketch organized in
chronological order?
W hat details make
the sketch especially
interesting?
23 M atch the highlighted words
and phrases in the tex t with their
meaning.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
1)
a sheriff;
the possessions that arc connected with a job;
con n ected with scientific tests used by the
police when trying to solve a crim e;
to make big changes;
a make o f the car;
famous and respected;
a period of time when a doctor working in
a hospital receives special advanced training;
o f excellent quality;
expert knowledge or skill in a particular
subject, activity o r job:
to becom e fam ous and successful in
a p articular area;
began;
an em ergency room ;
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
VI. VOCABULARY
24
Fill in the gaps with the
words from the box.
1)
X
2)
/*
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
pay
sick pay
holiday pay
overtim e pay
wages
salary
fee
royalty
grant
bonus
com m ission
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
o f skilled workers
W hat are the average
in your country?
for the design work
His c o n s u lta n t______
cam e to m ore than $ 200 ,000 .
on everything you sell.
You get a 1 0 % ______________
___
to go to college.
You can get a _______________
_______________
o f 10%
T he publisher offered him a _____________
o f the price o f the book on all copies sold.
is good.
He doesn't like the job, but t h e __________
Most full-tim e em ployees re c e iv e ________
if they are ill.
for two weeks o f holiday a n d ____________
T he com pany em ployees got a S25 C h ris tm a s _______________
Brian is an engineer and recently he lias been offered a more
interesting job but at a slightly lower
My father often worked on Saturdays and Sundays and received
VII. SPEAKING
25
Discuss the following situations.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
12
T here are some jobs that women should
not do.
However well you do your job, you d o n’t
get on in any com pany unless you are
a friend o f the m anager’s.
W hich is better: to work non-stop for the
com pany for 40 years or to try different
places o f work?
Would you rather have a boring but wellpaid job or an interesting but poorly paid
one?
W hat would you most value
in the workplace?
W hat are some im portant qualities
o f a good supervisor (boss)? Explain
why these qualities are im portant.
We all work or will work in our jobs
with many different kinds o f people.
In your opinion, what are some im portant
characteristics o f a co-w orker (someone
you work closely with)?
In some countries, teenagers have jobs
while they are still students. Do you think
this is a good idea?
26 Think of an occupation.
Don’t tell it to your
class. Let the class ask you 10 “yes—no”
questions. The student who guesses the
occupation correctly will be “it" the next
tim e. The other students will try to guess
his / her occupation in the same way.
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
27 There are many proverbs to do with work.
A) M atch the beginnings and endings of the proverbs below. Explain th e ir meaning and try to find
Ukrainian equivalents.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
g)
h)
0
j)
B)
A bad workm an...
If a jo b is w orth doing...
Make hay...
Manv hands...
Too m any cooks...
Early to bed, early to rise...
Never put o ff until tomorrow...
The devil m akes work...
All work and no play...
T he early bird...
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
...while the sun shines.
...make light work.
...what you can do today.
...for idle hands.
...makes you healthy, wealthy and wise.
...blames his tools.
...it’s w orth doing well.
...catches the worm.
...spoil the broth.
...makes Jack a dull boy.
Choose one of the proverbs to describe your own experience.
VIII. READING
A) Read the te x t and find the synonymous pairs.
•
•
•
•
•
to keep up with the changes;
to have a craving for doing som ething;
to keep inform ed: to thoroughly selcct;
to be very m uch into som ething;
to explore different cultures; to perform
o n the spot;
to have two sides o f the coin; to update one’s
knowledge; to choose the most suitable means;
to th in k on o n e’s feet; to keep track of
som ething; to get acquainted with peoples
and th eir heritage;
to have advantages and disadvantages.
The Advantages and D isadvantages of the In te rp re te r’s Profession
Som e violinist once said. “A good in te rp re ter can take a piece o f bad music and make it sound pretty d ecen t.”
To my m ind, being an interp reter m eans being an artist. T h e sam e as the p ain ter thoroughly selects colours for his
m asterpieces, th e interp reter chooses the m ost suitable words and expressions in his speech but only in his case
th is tim e-co n su m in g process is com pleted on the spot. As m any o th er artistic professions, in terp retin g also has
tw o sides o f th e coin w hich are advantages and disadvantages.
But before th at, w hat qualities apply to this profession? T h e in terp reter is a person o f great enterprise. He has
got a craving for w idening his scope, learning by experience an d , thus, perfecting his skills. O f course, he needs
to be co m petent, self-confident, an d m otivated and be ready to face up to im m en se responsibilities an d th in k on
his feet in case o f any m isunderstandings in th is challenging and tough profession. Besides, it’s vitally essential
for him to keep track o f everything: historic events, places o f interest, latest news and o f course keep up with the
changes in the language. A lthough one ca n n o t know absolutely everything, the in te rp re ter is an extrem ely curious
person who pays special attention to updating his know ledge by any m eans and as long as he lives.
T herefore, w e’ve com e to the greatest advantage o f interpreting: it’s the o p p o rtu n ity to travel. If you asked me.
I'd give my right arm for being an explorer o f different cultures, m inds and opinions. I'm very m uch into travelling
and in several years to com e 1 ca n n o t im agine m yself just sitting b ehind a desk and doing som e clerical work,
w hich is so tedious and routine that it bores me to death. I have every intention o f getting acq u ain ted with people
from faraway lands, th eir habits, custom s and ways o f behavior. 1 fin d it so am azin g to try to look at th in g s from a
different angle. I suppose such enjoyable experiences m ake a good influence on your all-ro u n d developm ent.
W hat qualities in the author’s opinion apply to the profession of an interpreter?
13
5
10
15
18
U n it 1 . Every man to his trade
IX. LISTENING
Listen to a high school teacher
speaking about what makes
his job satisfying and fill in the
gaps with words and phrases
you hear.
30
T he two factors w hich make my jo b as a high school teacher
satisfying are (1) _____________________________________ a sense
o f trust with the students and ( 2 ) _______________________________
their progress. First o f all, il is necessary to develop a sense o f
trust between my students and myself. I have always felt that it is
indispensable for the teacher to build a good relation with students,
including developing ( 3 ) __________________________ parents, too.
A good relationship with the students makes th e atm osphere in class
( 4 ) ______________________________________________________________
and the students find them selves eager to learn. F or example, last
year a student o f m ine, Ju an , told m e that he was very
( 5 ) ________________________________________________ lo
do m athem atics because he had been transferred from a
school that had a p o o r m ath s departm ent. To help him
(6 )
. I worked
with him during the lunch period and helped him catch
up with the class. At the end o f the semester, lie was
(7 )
, and he said to me,
"You tru sted me and helped me learn to trust myself.
T h an k you."
T h e second factor th at m akes my jo b as a teacher
satisfying is ( 8 ) __________________________________________
o f my students. O f course, it is part o f my jo b to encourage
students to get good results on th eir exam inations; yet. it gives
me a sense o f personal satisfaction w hen they
( 9 ) ______________________________________ by the university
o f th eir choice or get a su m m er jo b based on som e o f the skills
they have been taught. T heir success (1 0 )________________________
______________________________________to work h ard er so th a t their
dream s, and those o f th e ir parents, will com e true. W hile it is true
that I am often evaluated by w hether or not my stu d en ts succeed,
it is th e (11)_____________________________________________________
in th e ir future that m akes me feel satisfied w ith my job. If 1 had to
choose a career all over again, I would definitely choose teaching.
10
15
20
25
30
A) Rank the factors that can contribute to job satisfaction in order of their im portance. Explain your
choice. Add more factors if you can.
_________________________________
receive train in g
have an inspirational boss
have jo b security
have a pleasant working environm ent
have lots o f perks
have good prom otion p rospects/ opportunity to progress
have a challenging job
5 ) W hat facto rs make the job of a teach er and an in terp re ter/ a
expectations?
your
unit l. every man to his trade
X. READING AND SPEAKING
A) Put the beginnings and ends tog eth er to make up statem ents about what a good teach er should
know how to do.
1.
to present lessons in
a.
and caring
2.
to be w arm , accessible, enthusiastic
b.
to learn more on their own
3.
to be concerned with
c.
developing their students’ critical-th in k in g
skills
4.
to display enthusiasm
d.
th eir teaching strategies according to the
particular students
5.
not to give up
e.
lose face
6.
to be consistent in grading and
f.
the subjects they are teaching
7.
to exhibit expertise in
g.
return work in a timely m anner
8.
to try to engage
h.
on underachievers
9.
to know how to m odify
i.
as a road m ap
10.
to instill a hunger in their students
j.
for their subject
11.
not to be a slave to the text but to use it
k.
a clear and structured way
12.
not to m ake students
1.
the whole class
B) Choose 5 characteristics you think are
the most im portant for a teach er and range
them in order of im portance. Explain your
choice.
C) Speak about a good teach er you had
at school/ university using the phrases
from the box. Add your own ideas.
—
Unit 1. Every man to his tra d e -------------------------------------------------------------
32
Read the text and discuss the questions.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Why do you th in k Roald Dahl chose ihe nam es T runehbull and Honey for his characters?
How old is M atilda when she goes to school? Why does she start school later than other
children?
Is M atilda’s experience o f starting school sim ilar to yours? T hink about the age o f pupils, size
o f school, num ber o f pupils in class.
W hat was your first teacher like? How m uch did she have in com m on with Miss Honey?
How does M iss Honey describe M iss Trunehbull? Why does she warn the children about her?
A re the children in M atilda’s class happy to be at school? How do you know it?
Miss Honey
(F ro m M atilda by R oald D ahl)
5
10
15
20
25
30
M atilda was a little late in sta rtin g school. M ost
children begin P rim ary School at five o r even
ju st before, but M atild a’s parents, w ho w eren'l
very co n cern ed one way o r the o th e r about th eir
d au g h ter’s education, had forgotten to m ake the
p ro p er arrangem ents in advance. She was five and
a h a lf w hen she entered school for the first tim e.
T he village school for younger children was
a bleak brick building called C runchem Hall P rim ary
School. It had about tw o hundred and fifty pupils
aged from five to ju st u n d er twelve years old.
T h e head teacher, the boss, the suprem e co m m an d er
o f th is establishm ent was a m iddle-aged lady whose
n am e was M iss T runehbull.
N aturally, M atilda was put in the bottom class,
where there were eighteen other sm all boys and girls
ab out the sam e age as her. T h eir teacher was called
M iss Honey, and she could not have been m ore than
tw en ty -th ree o r tw enty-four. She had a lovely pale
oval m adonna face with blue eyes and her h a ir was
light-brow n. H er body was so
slim and fragile one got the
feeling th a t if she fell over, she
would sm ash in to a thousand
pieces, like a porcelain figure.
M iss Je n n ife r H oney was
a m ild and q uiet person w ho
never raised h er voice and was
seldom seen to sm ile, but there
is no doubt she possessed that
rare gift for being adored by
every sm all child u n d e r her
care. She seem ed to u n d erstan d
16
totally the bew ilderm ent and fear th a t so often
overw helm s young children who for the first tim e
in th eir lives are herded into a classroom and told
to obey orders. Som e curious w arm th that was alm ost
tangible shone out o f Miss H oney’s face when she
spoke to a confused and hom esick new com er
to th e class.
M iss T ru n eh b u ll, the H eadm istress, was som ething
else altogether. She was a gigantic holy terror, a fierce
ty ran n ical m onster w ho frightened the life o ut o f
th e pupils and teachers alike. T h ere was an au ra o f
m enace about her even at a d istan ce, and w hen she
cam e up close, you could alm ost feel the dangerous
heat radiating from her as from a red -h o t rod o f
m etal. W hen she m arched — M iss T ru n eh b u ll never
w alked, she always m arched like a sto rm -tro o p er with
long strides and arm s asw inging — w hen she m arched
along a co rrid o r, you could actually h ear her sn o rtin g
as she w ent, an d if a group o f ch ild ren happened
to be in her path , she ploughed right on th ro u g h
th em like a ta n k , w ith sm all
people bo u n cin g o ff h er to left
an d right. T h a n k goodness we
d o n ’t m eet m any people like her
in th is w orld, although they do
exist and all o f us are likely to
com e across at least one o f them
in a lifetim e. I f you ever do, you
should behave as you would if you
m et an enraged rh in o cero s out in
th e bush — clim b up the nearest
tree and stay there until it has
gone away. T h is w om an, in all her
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
U n it 1 . Every man to his trade
eccen tricities and in h er appearance, is alm ost
im possible to describe, but I shall m ake som e
attem pt to do so a little later on. Let us leave her for
70 the m om ent and go back to M atilda and her first day
in Miss H oney’s class.
A fter the usual business o f going through all the
nam es o f the children. Miss H oney handed out
a b ran d -new exercise-book to each pupil.
75
“ You have all brought your own pencils. I hope,"
she said.
"Yes, M iss H oney,” they chanted.
“G o o d . Now th is is the very first day o f school
for each one o f you. It is the begin n in g o f at least
80 eleven long years o f schooling that all o f you are
going to have to go through. A nd six o f those years
will be spent right here at C ru n ch em Hall where, as
you know, your H eadm istress is M iss T runchbull.
Let me for your own good tell you so m ething about
33
M iss T runchbull. She insisLs upon strict discipline
th ro u g h o u t the school, an d if you take my advice,
you will do your very best to behave yourselves in
her presence. N ever argue with her. Never answ er
her back. Always do as she says. If you get on the
w rong side o f M iss T runchbull she can liquidise
you like a carro t in a kitchen blender. It’s n o th in g
to laugh about, Lavender. Take th at g rin o ff your
face. All o f you will be wise to rem em ber th a t Miss
T runchbull deals very severely with anyone who
gets out o f line in th is school. Have you got the
m essage?”
“ Yes. Miss H oney,” ch irru p ed eighteen eager little
voices.
“ I myself," M iss H oney went o n , “w ant to help
you to learn as m uch as possible w hile you are in
this class. T h at is because I know it will m ake tilings
easier for you later o n.”
85
90
*>5
100
Look at the w ords/ phrases from the te x t and com plete their
definitions by underlining the correct option.
strict discipline: m aking people follow rules/ have fu n \
to behave yourselves: to act like good/ bad children;
to get the message: to understand the idea/ the meaning o f a text
message;
to get out of line: to behave appropriately/ inappropriately;
to take sb’s advice: to do what sb suggests/ m ake a suggestion;
to deal very severely with sb: to punish strictly/ to reward
generously;
to take the grin off one’s face: to stop smiling/ frowning-,
to answer sb back: to reply politely/ rudely,
to get on the wrong side of sb: to make som ebody pleased with
yo u / annoyed with you.
JliHI-BiCTMS •
A
yH ieepC H T e
lA6HTO<l>iKaumHHfi koa 0212528
B I5 /llO T E K A _
—
U n it 1. Every man to his tra d e --------------------------------------
34 C om plete the sentences using some of the w ords/ phrases from exercise 33.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
35
Students u s u a lly _______________________ on how to prepare for an exam.
Paul was very rude. He was alw ays______________________ his m other’s
W hen my hosts started looking at the clock, I _______________________ and left.
Jim ’s parents strictly told him t o _______________________ every tim e they left him at his
G ra n d m a’s for the weekend.
M atilda's school headm istress had a reputation f o r _______________________ with pupils
w h o ________________________o f her.
The teacher d id n ’t find the April F ool’s Day joke that pupils played on him funny, and Firmly
told them t o _______________________ their faces.
W hen addressing a teacher at a Japanese school, you should be very careful not t o ______________ ,
so do n ’t use their first nam e.
Lack o f _______________________ at hom e m eans that m any pupils find it difficult to settle in to
the ordered environm ent o f the school.
Find English equivalents to the following Ukrainian phrases in the text.
н а ч а л ь н и ц я і гол овн оком ан дувач ц ього
зак л ад у ;
н ік о л и не кри чати ;
до см ерті л я к а т и когось;
дебела ж ін к а середніх років;
не дуже перейматися освітою своєї дитини;
мати р ід к існ и й хист;
36
*
зб ---------------ен теж ен н я : і страх, щ о охоплю ю ть
м алу д и ти н у ;
випадково зустріти схожу на когось людину;
р о зл ю ч ен и й н осоріг;
ек сц ен тр и ч н і ви тівки ;
роздати у ч н я м н овен ькі п ід р у ч н и к и ;
зазд ал егід ь про щ ось дом овити сь.
Find words and phrases used in the te x t to describe Miss Honey and Miss Trunchbull and fill in the
table. Describe Miss Honey and Miss Trunchbull using your notes.
Miss Honey
18
Miss Trunchbull
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
37 You will hear an interview with Ron Clark, who is called “A m erica’s Educator” and is the author
of “The 55 Essentials: An Award-winning Educator’s Rules for Discovering the Successful Student
in Every Child,” a national best-seller. Ron Clark has made it his specialty to go into classes filled
with the “most d ifficult” students in the school and turn the class around. Fill in the gaps with
the information about him.
1.
2.
Ron Clark com es f r o m _______________________ .
London was the first place to travel after he saved up
3.
He had to finish travelling after h e ________________________in
R om ania.
His m other insisted that he should apply to the local
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
T he principal tried to persuade him to take the place o f a
teacher telling him that the class w a s ________________________ .
W hen he walked into the classroom he saw that the substitute
teacher could n o t _______________________ .
A fter he started working in that class he found out the children
did not have 3 things what he had growing up:
~
r.
—
A* AWARP-WiUNiHG
£D'*W°R‘S ,Rwtf5
pKCO/ERl/vfiTME
XwCfESJFul STu&SOT
IN 6 v 6 R.V C h ild
T he first year he had a list o f _______________________ , and
mmmmmmjarnrnrnrn
added more the following years.
Ron taught his pupils life, respect, to be a family, and
totally changed.
As at the end o f the year the pupils' test scores w e re ________________________ his m ethods were
spread to o th er classroom s.
Ron is convinced that a teacher should tell exactly to his students what h e ____________________ .
W hen a teacher, according to Ron, puts his whole heart and all o f his passion into a group of
kids, he can re a lly ________________________.
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
38 Two friends have met a fte r summer holidays. Student A studies at a pedagogical university.
Student B studies to becom e an interpreter. M ake up a dialogue following the instructions.
STUDENT A
G reet Student B. Ask
what lie/ she thinks
about the new courses
at the university.
Express your view
that teachers play an
im portant role in shaping
stu d en ts’ altitude to
the subjects they teach.
Speak about the qualities
you have to develop to
becom e a good teacher.
Agree. Say th at any
profession has its
disadvantages and as
about the disadvantages
in the profession o f an
interpreter.
Express som e doubt since
in your opinion working
part-tim e o r freelance is
good m ainly for students
and explain why.
STUDENT B
1.
G reet Student A. Speak
about the new courses
which are im portant
for you to becom e
an interpreter.
2.
Express regret that
teacher’s job is not always
rewarded properly. Give
o th er reasons why few
young people want
to bccom e teachers.
3.
Point out to some
disadvantages and
highlight the advantages.
A m ong others m ention
the possibility o f finding
a part-tim e job o r working
freelance.
4.
Partially agree and say
th at som etim es full-tim e
jobs with perks do not
always guarantee a stable
future. Give an example.
5.
Express hope that both
o f you will find exciting
and rewarding jobs in the
future.
Agree. T h in k of your
own example.
Say w hat, in your
opinion, you have lo do
now to realize this hope.
‘39
p *l
Agiie| a h d js u p p o r t
•V
a
-Wil Jfc.
i f ......
b
\
n it 1. Ever y man lo h
XII. REVISION TRANSLATION
Translate into English.
1)
2)
3)
______
Задоволення роботою дуже важ ливе,
але в мене є родин а, і тому я повинен
дум ати про грош і теж. За нрофесісю
я архітектор, але нещ одавно потрапив
під скорочення. Зараз я зай н яти й п о ­
ш укам и роботи; мене ц ікави ть, які
перспективи в мене будуть, як а буде
п латн я, чи буде збільшення платні, про­
сування по службі, пільги, н ап ри к лад
безкош товні обіди і проїзд. Я також
хочу знати, чи буде в мене оплачувана
відпустка, лікарняні, в яком у віці я зм о­
жу піти на пенсію. Мене не мож на на­
звати трудоголіком. але я не збираю ся
обіймати одну й ту ж посаду все ж иття і
хочу підніматися по службових сходах.
М ай кл в и р іш и в зм ін и ти роботу —
його посада кл ер к а в б ух гал тер ­
ськом у відділі здавалася йому нуд­
ною й одноманітною, й о м у не платили
премій, він часто працював надурочно.
Ч ерез пару м іся ц ів йому вдалося знай­
ти роботу в м іж н ар о д н ій ту р и сти ч н ій
ком п ан ії. Він подав заяву про при­
йом на роботу і був прийнятий. Але че­
рез рік його звільнили. Зараз М айкл
безробітний і отримує допомогу, якої
лед ь вистачає, щ об виж ити .
Багато м олодих лю дей вступають до
вузів і хочуть стати вчи тел ям и . Я вва­
ж аю п роф есію вчи теля дуж е ш ля­
хетною і корисною. У читель п остій н о
спілкується з багатьма людьми, о со б ­
л и в о д ітьм и . Він пови н ен добре зн а-
ти свій предм ет і бути творчою л ю ­
д и н ою . увесь час п ридум увати щ ось
нове, що може зац ік ав и ти його учнів.
Я к і будь-яка ін ш а, п р о ф есія вчи тел я
має свої «за» і «проти». З ви чай н о, вона
не вваж ається однією з найбільш високооплачуваних. зате у вчи телів т р и ­
вала відп устка і завж д и влітку. Але
н ай головн іш е те, щ о процес н авчан н я
уч н ів і п із н а н н я нового разом з н и м и
приносить неймовірне задоволення!
4)
М ій батько працю є теслярем на
будівництві, це важ ка фізична праця.
В основном у він працює змінами.
У нього великий досвід, нещодавно його
призначили майстром. Він вваж ається
кваліфікованим робітником. А моя мама
медсестра у місцевій л ікарн і і працює
за гнучким графіком. Вона отрим ує,
зв и ч а й н о , набагато меншу зарплатню,
хоча її п рац я не менш виснажлива
5)
Я працю ю перекладачем у науково­
му видавництві. Я п ерекладаю к н и ж ­
ки у різн и х галузях з ан гл ій ськ о ї мови
на україн ську. Крім того, я відповідаю
за листування з б р и тан ськ и м и та ам е­
р и к ан сь к и м и в и д ав н и ц тв ам и , з я к и ­
ми ми сп івп рац ю єм о. С ьогодн і л и сту ­
в ан н я ведеться м айж е в и к л ю ч н о через
електронну пошту. О тж е, серед бага­
тьох вим ог до сучасного перекладача
в м ін н я працювати за комп’ютером та
в Інтернеті посідає не о ста н н є місце.
-
U n it 1. Every man to his trade
XIII. WRITING
40
Read the interview
with the veterinarian
Lance W. Hill and w rite
a 250 -w o rd composition
to describe this
profession. Add any
relevant information
to make your writing
interesting for your
readers.
Interview
Name: Lance W. Hill
Age: 32
Occupation: V eterinarian; Leeds, Ala.
Education: U ndergraduate, Auburn. I973—77; D.V.VL, Auburn, 1981
Q. How does yo u r work break down?
A. E verything from cleaning the cages and cutting the grass to
negotiating fin an ces with my banker and handling all the business
aspects to p racticing medicine and doing the surgery.
Q . How does the veterinary profession differ fro m other professions?
A. To really have m uch financial retu rn , you pretty much have to
up your ow n practice. You have to build a hospital and then sit
and wait for people to walk in the door. You have to hire a staff and
supplies, an d do th in g s you wouldn’t have to do otherwise.
Q. W hat part o f practicing veterinary medicine did school least
prepare you fo r?
A. T he business aspect and the fact that most people think. "That
guy m ust really like an im als,” and that it’s the charitable thing to
do. In reality, you are out to m ake money, and you are just as well
trained as any physician is.
io
15
Q . W hat's the toughest part o f yo u r job?
20
A. From a diagnostic stan d p o in t, it’s difficult to get a good medical
history on an an im al. You c a n 't ask a dog, “ How many rocks have
you swallowed to d ay ?’'
Q. W hat advice would you give to students who are interested in
becoming veterinarians?
A. G et som e practical experience with a local veterinarian. And
you’ve got to m ake the grades. The average undergraduate gradent average on a four-point scale in my graduating class [in
veterinary collegc] was 3.69.
Q. How is the job m arket?
A. I recently h ired a g raduate, an d I think there are a lot of jobs
available. T h e ir average startin g pay is from $18,000 to S20.000.
30
THIS
AMAZING PLACE
WE LIVE IN
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K IS H IN & V
KULKSON
S E A OF
AZ O V
r‘ j
UKRAINE
-SYMFEROPiL
1 5 0 m ile s
BLA CK S E A
I. LEAD-IN
How are the following dates, numbers and
abbreviations related to Ukraine?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A ugust, 24, 1991
2061 m etres high
380
ua
June 28
2
Answer the questions about Ukraine.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
W hat city was the first capital o f U kraine?
How many countries does Ukraine border on?
W hat are the m ain seaports o f U kraine?
W hat are its largest cities?
W hat is the longest river in U kraine?
W hat is the national currency o f U kraine?
W hat is its letter code?
W hat are the national holidays o f
U kraine?
23
ßnit 2. This amazing place we live in
II. VOCABULARY
W rite the words in the appropriate column
com m on
continental
dam p
dry
C L IM A T E
BORDER
D E P O S IT S
•
gas
hum id
inland
large
Can you read the map?
Look at the map of Ukraine and say
w hat mineral resources are found on its
territo ry and in what regions.
Does the area you live in have any
deposits? W hat natural resources is it
ric h / poor in?
•
•
•
•
m arine
m ild
m ineral
m oderate
•
•
•
•
ore
rich
severe
subtropical
• thick
• thin
• watery
USEFUL LANGUAGE
• is found in abundance
• has huge deposits o f
• is ric h / poor in
• has large deposits of
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
III. SPEAKING
0
Look at the map of Ukraine and answer
the questions.
1.
W hat countries does it have inland
and m arine borders with?
2.
W hat rivers form its borders?
3.
W hat d eterm ines U k rain e’s
favourable geographical location?
(T h in k in term s o f clim ate, soil,
deposits, water resources etc.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
*
an abyss
a bay
a beach
a brook
a cave
a cliff
<i current
a g u lf
a harbour
a meadow
a m ountain range
a peninsula
•
•
•
•
•
•
■
•
•
•
•
•
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
plain
plateau
precipice
reservoir
resort
slope
spring
strait
stream
valley
vineyard
waterfall
Put the words in the appropriate column.
LAND
•strait
•g u lf
• peninsula
• plain
• plateau
• bay
• waterfall
• cave
• cliff
• m ountain range
• stream
• m ountain
• ocean
• island
•h ill
•co n tin en t
• current
• spring
Fill in the gaps with the words
1.
region
beaches
landm arks
landscapes
steppe
valleys
resorts
harbors
clim ate
sights
destination
vineyards
sites
cliffs
coast
WATER
2.
3.
•
•
__________ (1). with its voluptuously curved Black Sea coast o f sparkling
_(2), is a paradise—with stunning vistas, fertile ______________ (3)
and pebble and sand _____________(4). Odesa will always be a favoured
(5) with its lush g re e n _________ _ (6 ) and rugged coastline.
to u ris t____
Its coast is broken by picturesque bays and secluded
_________ (7).
Since Odesa region is drawn out along the meridian, the ____________ (8) in
_(9) is practically ideal, with
the narrow 30—40 km stretch along t h e ________
nearly 300 days o f sun a year. The soft tang o f the sea is mixing with the dry climate of
t h e ____________ (10) further inland. Odesa can be an ideal retreat to famous health
___________(11) of the coast and a natural nuid bath in the Danube Delta, o ra run down
to the historic and architectural____________ (12) — palaces, castles and fortresses.
T here are a lot o f impressive _____________ (13) w ithin easy reach o f the city
centre. Tourists can explore the paths o f ancient nom ads and the Cossack
country, savour the wines from the a d ja c e n t_____________ (14), or float gently
down the stream o f the beautiful D anube through its delta to the Black Sea
where pelicans and herons fill the sky. T he D anube Delta ranks am ong the top
b io d iv ersity ______________(15) in Europe exhibiting its m ost natural com plex
o f wetlands, steppes and steppe-forests. Over 220 species o f birds have been
recorded there.
The Odesa
25
~
-
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
V. READING
0
Read the text and answer the questions.
W hat is the origin o f the word “ D nister?”
How long is the Dniester and where does it run?
How was the river used in trade?
W hy does the D niester C anyon attract
tourists?
W hat does the legend tell us about
St. John the Divine m onastery?
W hat is the K hotyn Fortress famous for?
W hat fam ous nam es and events is the
D niester C anyon connected with?
The Dnister Canyon
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
T hey say th a t once there was a sm all brook in
Podilia (a historic region in W estern U kraine). T he
people w ho inhabited its banks kept a ca len d ar by
m arking days on sand. But one day the brook spilled
over the nearby m eadow s and fields, and all ihe m arks
were w iped. “ W ho w iped the days?” people would ask.
•‘T he brook w iped the days!” was th e answer. T his is
how the river got its nam e: D nister (in U k rain ian ,
‘d m ’ m eans 'days', ’ste r' m eans ‘w iped’). But scientists,
who prefer facts to legends, believe th a t the nam e of
the river derives from the S arm atian Iran ian word
'D a n a slris' w hich m eant ‘rapid w ater’.
In U kraine, the D nister is the third longest river
(1362 kilom etres long). Its sources are on the northeastern slopes o f the U krainian C arpathians. In
old tim es, the river was used as
a transportation waterway linking
the
C arp ath ian
M ountains
and Podilia to the Balkan
P eninsula, and the M iddle
East. Boats, loaded with
tableware, fabrics, fur.
grain, and honey used to
trade down the Dnister.
In the
I980’s, the
. - P j i r (j ; JfM n
M ? y , «4’v?*1
D nister reservoir, which
swelled the riverconsiderably,
was created on the territory
o f C hernivtsi, K hm elnytsky and
V innytsia regions.
T he m agnificent landscapes and fantastic curves
o f th e D nister Canyon are strikingly picturesque
th roughout its entire path. But there is an area o f the
canyon especially p opular am ong tourists: from the
village o f Luka (Ivano-F rankivsk region) to the city
o f K hotyn (C hernivtsi region). R afting between the
high D nister ‘w alls’ (from 150 to 300 m etres high!) is
ex h ilarating. The river’s steep slopes are like the halls
26
o f a m useum o f N ature, silent greetings from the past
o f th e E arth .
H ere we arc, exploring th e canyon in the IvanoF rankivsk region. Between the D n ister steep slopes,
Rakovetskiy C astle, built alm ost four cen tu ries ago,
stretches its high tower into the sky. A nd now we are
already in the T ernopil area: the rail passes by Red
M o untain. T h is area, also know n as W arm P odilia,
is the warm est place on the D nister: its clim ate is
com parable to th at o f the C rim ea.
We continue rafting in Ternopil region and ar­
rive at one o f its most impressive towns, Zalishchyky.
T he D nister dances m aking such curves around the town
that it seems the river is clutching Zalishchyky to its b o ­
som. Here from a 170-mctres-high bank o f the Dnister
you can adm ire a breathtaking panoram a.
T he village nam ed Khreshchatyk
(just like Kyiv’s m ain street)
hosts St. John's monastery
dating back to the 17th
century. According to a
legend, one misty m orning a horse-driven car­
riage o f a local m erchant
ran towards a precipice.
A few centim etres from the
abyss, a m onk who lived in
a cave nearby, stopped the fright­
ened horses. T he m erchant, whose
life was saved by the m onk, gave money
to build a chapel near the cave. Today, lots o f people
com e to the monastery: here the soul rests, the local water
is pure and tasty, and the views are simply gorgeous.
F urther down the canyon brings us to the pride of
C hernivtsi region, the m agnificent 13—17th centuries
K hotyn Fortress hanging over the Dnister. In 1621,
the historic battle o f Khotyn was fought by the walls
o f this stronghold. A mere 57 thousand Polish soldiers
L
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
U n it 2. This amazing /
and 40 thousand U krainian Cossacks defeated the 400
thousand warriors o f O sm an II. T he victory o f Cossacks
in that brutal fight which lasted five weeks saved Europe
80 from the Turkish invasion. Today, the K hotyn stronghold
attracts both history and cinem a lovers: over 50 films
were shot here, am ong which are such old favourites as
“T h e T hree Musketeers", “The Arrows o f Robin H ood”,
“ Ivanhoe” and “Taras Bulba.” The m ighty 60-m etres85 high stone walls with five towers overlooking the fantastic
landscapes o f the D nister canyon... such impressive
scenery cannot be built in a studio!
Looking for waterfalls? There are plenty o f them on
the Dnister. The most picturesque, sixieen-metres-high
90 Dzhurynsky waterfall is found some 3 or 4 kilometres
away from the river, near the villages o f Ustechko and
N ahorianka in Temopil region. It is U kraine’s highest
plain waterfall. By the way. it is not o f natural origin: in the
17th century, the Turks changed the path o f the Dzhuryn
River during the siege. The D nister is also a real paradise 95
for ornithologists. Here you can see white egrets and grey
herons, storks, swans, seagulls, many other birds.
A nd the n u m b er o f legends about the D n ister
canyon is countless! O ne o f them relates the story
o f how enem ies caught Taras Bulba in the village oftOO
T rubchyn when he retu rn ed to get his pipe that he
had left there on the b an k an d how he then m anaged
to defeat the Turks an d escape. People w ho live along
th e D n iste r believe that its banks are still hiding gold,
silver an d precious stones w hich w ere buried there in 105
the 18th cen tu ry by the retreating Turks. D ream in g
about treasures? C om e an d visit the D n ister Canyon!
I f you do not discover any Turkish gold, you are sure
to have fascinating adventures and experiences, w hich
could be a m ore valuable treasure.
110
Flnd ail the words in the te x t related to physical geography and translate the sentences. •
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
•
•
Згід но з р іш ен н ям в сеу к р аїн ськ о го ін т е р н е т -о п и т у в а н н я . Д н істр о в сь к и й кан ьй о н
ви зн ан о о д н и м із сімох п р и р о д н и х чудсс У країн и. Чудові кр а єв и д и та ф а н тас ти ч н і
завороти кан ь й о н у щ орічно п ри ваб л ю ю ть сотн і туристів.
С тр у м о к брав свій початок з п ів д ен н и х сх и л ів К арп атськи х гір. тік по лугах і л ан ах ,
поступ ово перетворю ю чись на річку. Коли було створен о водосховищ е, я к е н ап о вн и л о
річку водою, вона стал а в аж л и в и м водн и м ш ляхом , щ о п оєд н ує К арп атські гори і
Б а л к а н с ь к и й півострів.
Чениі м еш к ал и в печерах на крути х схи лах гір або будували м он астирі біля сам о ї кручі,
б у кв ал ьн о в д ея к и х са н ти м е тр ах від краю безодні.
Н а й в и щ и й водоспад в У країн і з'я ви в ся в результаті зм ін и річи щ а річки . Це місце схоже
на зал у музею п ри род и , де ви мож ете м и л у вати ся пан орам ою , ш о перехоп лю є подих.
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
Student A is phoning a travel agency to find a place to spend a holiday in Ukraine. Student 8 is
a travel agent, trying to help the customer. M ake up a dialogue following the instructions.
STUDENT A
I.
STUDENT B
G reet the travel agent.
Introduce yourself and
say why you are calling.
Explain why you
would like to spend
your holiday in the
countryside.
You know there are
a lot o f lakes and
rivers there. Ask about
a possibility to go
swim m ing.
4.
Enquire about available
^ excursion* o r local t
lours.
M ention th a t'y o u arekeen on adventure
holidays. Ask what
extrem e sport activities
can be booked.
—
lbf-i
•4 Diwwaf >*•%f
T IP , i
p j4
te j« . lASk
lEkprcRs delighL
jT a&out Ihe term s ipl- il
"• booking.
1.
Express eagerness to help. Tell
your custom er that you can
offer a wide range o f places all
over U kraine. Give a couple o f
examples. Ask about Student A’s
interests and preferences.
R ecom m end going to the
C arpathians. M ention various
kinds o f landscapes Student A can
find and enjoy there.
Explain w'liy people rarely go
sw im m ing in m ountain rivers
and lakes. Suggest trout fishing
instead. Add that there are plenty
o f indoor and outdoor sw im m ing
facilities offered by n um eioui
resorts.
Speak about some places o f
natural beauty that can be visited
in the C arp ath ian s on regular
guided excursions.
Say that num erous cliffs, lastru m in g m ountain rivers; steep
’ 'pcs are perfect Ibr oil re me
irts (w hiic-w ater railing. cliff
• diving, i'oek clim bing etc.),
at you are happy y'&u could
1,
and refer Student A to
yolir website. M ention student
discounts. Express hope that the
custom er will use your services.
\
,«
l
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
VI. LISTENING
■J^ A) You will hear 4 extracts about some natural wonders of Ukraine. Put the num ber of extract 1—4
under each picture.
A Khortytsia National Reserve
B The National Biosphere Reserve “Daffodil Valley"
C The Oleshky Desert
D Synevir
B) Listen again and say which p lace...
]) is protected by an international organization
2) can tell us about the history o f people
3) has an islet in the m iddle
4) has an underground w ater reservoir
5) abounds in prehistoric plants
6) has different types o f landscape
7) changes in size
29
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in —
12
M atch the adjectives with the nouns as they
are used in the recording.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
picturesque
underground
m arshy
ancient
radiant white
natural
emerald-green
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Dowers
scenery
ferns
setting
natural wonders
forests
lake
13 A) M atch the idioms from the Useful
Language box with pictures (1—8).
sights you have visited. How did you feel
at that moment?
USEFUL LANGUAGE
ID IO M S OF HAPPINESS
AND EXCITEMENT
a) to be th rilled to bits
b) lo b e/ feel on top o f the world
c) to walk on air
d) to be on cloud nine
e) to be tickled pink
f) to have a whale o f tim e
g) to be buzzing
h) to be as happy as a clam
30
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
VII. WRITING
PERSONAL LETTER OF INVITATION
14 Write a le tte r to your friend
who has never been
to Ukraine. Invite him / her
to go there on a trip.
Mention the places you could
show him and give some
interesting facts to persuade
him to come.
№
OPENING REMARKS
at ai
II M
• M any th an k s for your recent letter/ postcard.
• It was g o o d / n ice/ lovely to hear from you
recently.
■ I was glad to hear that you had a good holiday.
• 1 hope that you and your family are well.
• I'm sorry 1 haven't been in to u c h / w ritten for
such a long time.
• It's ages since I’ve heard from you.
■ I am writing to invite you to...
• Why don't you com e and spend som e tim e...
KTW W TCTH H
i
H
CLOSING REMARKS
H
i
• 1 was w ondering if you'd like to go/ visit...
■ 1 hope you’ll be able to make it.
• Please let me know as soon as possible...
• Looking forward to h earin g / seeing you soon.
• W rite soon.
• Hope to hear from you soon.
• O nce again th an k you for all your help.
• Give my regards/ love to...
• Love/ Love from
• Best w ishes/ All the best
VIII. LISTENING
15 Listen to the text. Are these statem ents TRUE or FALSE?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
T he historic town o f Vilkovo was founded by Russian and U krainian Cossacks.
T he to u r begins in Odesa and its destination is the historic town o f Vilkovo where it ends.
D uring the to u r you can catch and cook fish.
They take only small groups to make the to u r safe.
T he whole to u r is made by boat.
T he inhabitants here have to cope with flooding o f the big river.
T he D anube Biosphere Reserve can be o f great interest for ornithologists.
At th e very end o f the river tourists reach the G erm an Black Forest.
Tourists will be shown how local “ N ovak” wine is m ade from the grapes grown on the island.
T here will be a wonderful chance to cool o ff on a hot sum m er day.
You can take this trip from the last spring m onth to the first autum n m onth
31
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
ÏX. SPEAKING
irm m rrT 3TTRT7TraiZTmZn
The A11- Uk ra j n ian action Seven Natural Wonders o f U kraine
started in November 2007, and as many as 100 picturesque
places in Ukraine claimed to be a natural wonder.
As a result, the “seven w onders” were chosen and they
include a biosphere reserve in K herson region A skaniaN ova; the D niester C anyon in T ernopil region; g ran iiesteppe P obuzhzhia — a landscape park located in the
valley o f the S ou th ern Bull River in Mykolayiv region
the M arble Cave in the C rim ea; Podilski T o v tn .
a national n atu ral park in K hm elnytskyi region ca lle J
the U k rain ian Sw itzerland; the deepest U k ra in ia n lake
Svitiaz in Volyn and C a rp a th ia n lake o f Svnevir.
T h e Balaklava bay, desert Oleshkivski Pisky and the
O p tim istic cave in T ernopil region gained special awards
■|0 Use the factual information below to describe a place and persuade foreign tourists to visit it. Follow
the useful language box.
PLAN
1)
2)
Nam e and location o f the chosen U krainian
natural wonder.
H istorical details.
3)
4)
W hat can be done at this place.
G eneral rem arks and
recom m endations.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
•
*
...
...
...
...
...
...
•
...
You will be greatly surprised to see...
ll certainly won't leave you bored
impressive sights
to suit every taste
panoram ic beauty o f
wonderful scenery
b re ath tak in g / m agnificent panoram ic view
unspoiled countryside
It is a unique...
n o th in g sim ilar can be found anyw here else
in the world!
... you will have a great opp o rtu n ity to
... tourists are advised to
...
...
...
...
•
...
...
•
...
it has lots to offer
worth visiting
fairytale world
fascinating beauty could not but give rise
to legends
From the very first m om ent you arrive... you
feel w rapped up in a pleasant wave
o f tranquility and good spirits.
is a must for anyone who wants to visit the
most fam ous places...
will make your stay a m emorable experience
T he dream becom es a reality with...
idyllic/ unspoiled locations
The Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve
an open air m useum ;
an endless sea o f grassland, was never plowed;
the territory o f 30 square kilom etres;
100 years ago. Baron Friedrich Eduardovich von
Falz-Fein, created dendrological park and zoo in
the dry steppe; the first artesian well in Southern
Ukraine; now 11,054 hectares o f the reserve;
in 1919 — was proclaim ed national park;
2,250 species o f rare anim als, brought
from Europe, Asia, A frica, A ustralia and
U n it 2. This amazing place we live in
A m erica: Oryx antelopes, A m erican bison and A ndean llam as,
Shetland ponies and Kudu antelope. A frican w ater buffalo and
zebras, ostriches; the pride o f the reserve — num erous herds o f
Przew alski’s horses;
a paradise for ornithologists — the total o f 270 specics o f birds:
swans, flam ingos, pheasants, peacocks and peahens, larks,
partridges, cranes etc.;
m ore th an 150 species o f trees and bushes; m ore than 400 species
o f herbs and flowers, 85 o f which only grow here and nowhere
else.
Marble Cave
at an altitude o f 920 m above sea level:
the length — 2050 m, depth varies from just 10 to 80 metres;
huge halls beautifully decorated with stalactites;
is decorated with a variety o f shapes, am azing figures, carved
pillars, intricate crystals, created only by water and time;
waterfalls, cascading lakes and picturesque colum ns that separate
the various halls;
the Palace H all, with statues o f what look to be a King and a
Q ueen w elcom ing tourists;
the Hall o f Roses, the Hall o f Hopes, the C handelier H all, the
Balcony Hall and the C hocolate Hall, etc.
Podilsky Tovtry
picturesque m o u ntains o f organic, not tectonic
origin, a petrified coral reef from a sea that
no longer exists, the rem nants o f coastal reefs,
>tretch for 250 km;
w eathered and eroded lim estone, create the
slopes o f the valleys in the form o f exotic
rocks o f different form s — colum ns, pillars,
giants;
height o f the ridge reaches 443 metres;
depth o f the valley — 200 metres;
several various types o f m ineral springs wirh
healing properties;
■isitors need not be m ountaineerers to clim b
the Tovtry, hills — not very high. The highest
hill, Nyzhniy K am in, rises 431 m etres high;
hills differ in height, covered with forest or
bald;
many hill peaks are covered with white
lim estone boulders, resembling flocks o f sheep
when viewed from the side. According to a local
folk legend, a Gypsy shepherd once punished
his evil landlord and hid his lord's sheep in
the underpasses o f a ruined castle, leaving the
landlord with nothing but boulders;
the flora — diverse and unique, various
endem ic plants, protected by U krainian
legislation;
local fauna is represented by foxes, hedgehogs,
ferrets, m artens, deer, wild hogs and even
moose;
many caves and grottoes, inhabited by bats;
ornithologists, watch and take photos of
hawks, owls, falcons, eagles, black storks and
grey cranes.
Svitiaz Lake
the deepest, largest and one o f the clearest lakes in
U kraine;
part o f the Shatsky National N ature Park: founded in
1983, includes 22 lakes — each unique in its own way;
golden sandy beaches, warm crystalline waters, clean
air, forests and scrubland teem ing with m ushroom s
and berries;
is only fed by underground springs;
covers 26 k m 2, is 9 km long by alm ost 5 km wide,
has a coastline over 30 km long, depth — 7 m.
m axim um — 58.4 m;
the transparent waters, visible depths reach 8 metres;
healing properties o f the water, contains iodine, silver
and glycerine;
an island in the centre o f the lake, area — 7 hectares,
covered by forest o f m aples and lindens, has
a rom antic nam e — the Island o f Lovers. On the
island, according to a local legend, a young couple in
love tu rn ed into sycam ore and linden trees.
X. TRANSLATION
H i
Translate into English.
4.
1.
2.
3.
34
Ландшафт У країни п ред став л ен и й
в о сн овном у родючими рівнинами та
плоскогір'ями, по я к и х течуть річки ,
такі як Д н іп р о , С івер ськи й Д он ец ь,
Д н істер та П ів д ен н и й Буг. Ці річки
течуть на південь та впадають в
Ч орне та А зовське моря.
Різні регіони У країн и , віл високогір'я
до плоскогір'я, м аю ть різн ом ан ітн і
географічні особливості. Є д и н і
ю р и кр аїн и — це Карпатські гори
на заході та Кримські гори на
Кримському півострові. Найвища
горна вершина — гора Говерла,
н ай в и щ а гора К р и м сь к и х гір —
Р ом ан -К ош .
Н ай б ільш важ ли ві природні ресурси
в У кр аїн і в кл ю ч аю ть залізну руду,
марганець, природний газ, сіль, нафту,^
магній, нікель, ртуть, деревину та
вел и ку к іл ь к іс т ь орної землі. Поклали
сірки — н ай біл ьш і в світі, а за
запасами ртутної руди У країн а зай м ає
друге місце.
5.
В У країні переваж ає помірний
континентальний клімат, а кл ім ат
на п ів д ен н о м у узбереж ж і К рим у
вологий субтропічний. Опадів більш
за все випадає на заході та п івн очі
к р аїн и і менш за все на сході та
п івд ен н ом у сході. П рохолодна зи м а
на Ч орн ом орськом у узбереж ж і
зм ін ю єть ся на б іл ьш холодну
всереди н і к р а їн и . В літку тем пература
може д осягати 30° С і вищ е, щ о робить
періоди спеки н есте р п н и м и .
О зеро С вітязь сл ав и ться своєю
п розорою водою , в я к ій м істи ться
срібло та йод. Ч и стота п о ясн ю ється
ти м , щ о в озеро не впадає ж одна річка,
а свіж у воду йом у постачають підземні
джерела. За гл и б и н ою о зер о не має
р ів н и х в У країн і, том у і н ази ваю ть
його у к р а їн сь к и м Б ай кал ом .
П осеред озера є мальовничий острів
з р о м ан ти ч н о ю н азвою — О стрів
закохан и х. Д о н ього м ож на дістати ся
човном . Т ут ви будете відчувати себе
на сьомому небі від щастя.
A CITY IS MORE
THAN A PLACE
IN SPACE
I. LEAD-IN
■j
Match the name of the city with its description.
Lviv
Odesa
Ivano-Frankivsk
Pereyaslav-Klinielnytsky
Chernihiv
V______________________ __ ____________________ J
a)
F or centuries it has often been a crossroads for different cultures, w hich
is why it is rich in architecture and prom inent sites that m ake it a wonder
for travellers from all over the world, it is known for its uniqueness, and
one o f its unique features is the local hum or. Legend has it that its first
mayor, French Duke de Richelieu, w anted to make a city surpassing
Paris in beauty. A lthough today we can't com pare the French capital with
the pearl o f the Black Sea, there is no doubt th at R ichelieu succeeded in
m aking a city o f unique beauty. Its official birth date is the year 1794.
b)
It is often called “little Paris." T he num erous statues and figures o f lions,
squares and m useum s, cafes and parks o f this city seem to be created
for couples in love. If you com e to this city once, you will rem em ber it
forever. Indeed, how could one forget the world o f ancient legends, the
jazzy jangle o f tram s, the cosy coffee houses, and its noble residents? T he
m agnetism o f it is antiquity, aristocratic atm osphere, arom as o f coffee
and love, m ixed in proportions that create an unsurpassed charm .
c)
T his town was founded as a private fortress o f the Potocki family (Polish
nobles) in the mid 17th century. In 1772 it was passed to the A ustrian
Em pire. In the Soviet period o f its history it was nam ed after the
fam ous U k rain ian writer. T he town boasts its fascinating architectural
landm arks: the Stanislav fortress, Potocki palace, the C athedral o f the
Holy R esurrection, the C hurch o f Virgin M ary and m any others.
d)
In the southern portion o f the Kyivan R us’ this city was the second by
im portance and wealth. It is hom e to the oldest church in U kraine —
the 5-dom ed Saviour C athedral that dates back to the 1 Ith century, and
the m agnificent T rinity m onastery.
e)
It is the th ird oldest town in U kraine after Kyiv and C hernihiv.
T here are m useum s o f all possible kinds, ranging from collections
o f ancient sculptures and jewellery to em broidered towels, historical
weapons and even bread, it is here that the m ightiest prince o f the
12th century Volodymyr M onom akh wrote his Letter to Prince Oleh
Svyatoslavovych.
I LU
35
U n it 3. A city is more than a place in space
Use the cues to describe the following tow ns/ cities.
Poltava
D onetsk
the fifth-largest city in U kraine/ founded in
1869/ a Welsh businessman. John Hughes/
construct a steel plant and several coal mines
around the region/ currently home to/ two
major professional football teams in Ukraine;
the Poltava Battle M useum / 1709 one o f
the decisive battles between Russia and
Sweden / defeat the Sw edes/displays relating
to the battle/ m aps/ p ain tin g / Peter I ’s
original uniform ;
Kharkiv
Lutsk
a university founded in 1805/ the co u n try 's
th ird after the universities o f M oscow and
K azan at the tim e / in 1918 the capital
o f U k ra in e / D erzhprom late 1920s/ first
Soviet skyscraper/ concrete and glass
blocks.
an ancient Slavic to w n / founded around
a w ooden castle built by the R urik D ynasty/
19 O rthodox and two C atholic churches/
built I5lh cen tu ry / the seat o f two C hristian
bishops/ nicknam ed the Volynian R om e/
the most prom inent lan d m ark / L ubart’s
C astle/ built in 1340s.
II. VOCABULARY B I W H
Look at the exam ple and re-w rite the expressions in a similar way.
E.g. A tour during which you visit two cities — a tw o -c ity tour
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
A
A
A
tour during which you visit three countries —
to u r th at lasts two weeks —
to u r with a guide —
tour without a guide, you chose what to see —
5.
6.
7.
A trip on Saturday and Sunday —
A trip to the shops to buy tilings and souvenirs —
An excursion that will last from m orning till
evening —
W hat kind of trip or tour would you recom mend for visiting c ities / towns m entioned above. Use
expressions from the exercise.
E.g. It is im p o ssib le to fu lly a p p re c ia te Lviv w ith o u t a g u id e d tour.
A w e e k-e n d trip is m o re than en o u g h to e xp lo re P ereyaslav-Khm elnytsky.
36
U n it 3. A city is more than a place in space
III. SPEAKING
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat are the m ain tourist attractions o f your city/ town? How long will it take to see them ?
W here did you do sightseeing when you were at school? W ho did you go on sightseeing tours with?
W ould you recom m end visitors to your city/ tow n to buy a guidebook and a m ap not to get lost?
W hat are good places to taste the local cuisine?
W hich do you prefer: to take leisurely strolls to have a look around or to go to a social events?
W hat handm ade souvenirs can tourists buy?
IV. VOCABULARY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a statue
a fountain
a sculpture
folk culture
a fresco
a façade
a handm ade souvenir
•
•
•
•
•
■
•
a venue
prom inent
a decisive battle
a native/ hom e town
an o p en -air m useum
an icon
a tourist attraction
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a palace
a castle
a fortress
a m ansion
a cathedral
botanical gardens
a conservatory
•
•
•
•
Find the words in the box which mean the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
a dom e
cobblestone
a craft
an ornam ent
•
» «•
the from o f a building, especially a large and im portant one
a place where an organized m eeting, concert ctc takes place
a picture o f C h rist, his m other or a saint painted on a w ooden panel
a small round stone set in the ground, to make a hard surface for a road
a round roof on a building
a room with glass walls and a glass roof, where plants are grown
a very large strong building, built by im portant people in the past as a safe place that could be
easily defended against an attack
a large and impressive a house
the official hom e o f a person o f very high rank, especially a king or queen
the m ain church o f a particular area under the control o f a bishop
a w ell-protected place which is intended to be difficult for enem ies to enter
Use the words in the sentences of your own. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
E.g. Here you can buy some hand m a d e souvenirs representing traditional rural c ra fts .
y
Use the correct word to fill in the gaps in the sentences. You may use the same word more than once,
antiquity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
antique
uniquely
uniqueness
unique
authenticity
authentic
She has a
ability to com m unicate with anim als o f all kinds.
Cicero was an eloquent orator o f
T he diverse wildlife o f the island ju st enhanced t h e _____________ o f nature around us.
A rchaeological evidence may help to establish t h e ______________ o f the statue.
T he poem was s o _______________written that everybody wanted to have it in their collection.
She got up and crossed to a l i tt le ___________
. rosewood desk with tiny draw ers along the top.
A lot o f restaurants in Kyiv o ff e r___________
U krainian food.
The issues being discussed here are n o t _____
______to U kraine.
Experts have co nfirm ed that the signature on the letter i s ___
T he directo r thought h i m _______________suited to the part.
37
♦
U n it 3. A city is more than a place in space _
—
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
0
ancient
industrial
coastal
provincial
m agnificent
lively
deserted at night
bustling
crowded
cosm opolitan
packed with tourists
worth visiting
very touristy
littered
filthy
polluted
congested
safe
dangerous
• keeping n atio n al/ centuries-old
traditions alive
• shaping the nation’s culture
• picturesque
• historic
• elegant
• peaceful
• One could not but adm ire it
• ...is the centerpiece o f the street
• Today the building is hom e
to (library, m useum )
• It can be seen from m any viewpoints
in the city
• The building was handed over
to (university, library, m useum )
• Proudly stands out am ong other...
• T his stree t/ building can relate to
(nam e o f a person)/ several renowned
personalities
Translate the following sentences from English into Ukrainian.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
38
T h e y in c lu d e d th e c o n s tr u c tio n o f sew ag e
purification plants in 100 coastal cities and
the establishm ent o f at least 25 supervised
toxic waste depots.
T his resort complex is the perfect base for
discovering Lhc surrounding countryside
with its bustling towns, and picturesque
villages.
I think all the places in our country deserve
good investments, but in reality, we see the
deterioration o f most provincial towns.
Istanbul is a great cosmopolitan city,
situated between East and West.
Some o f the highest properly prices
anyw here are in polluted M an h attan and
in cleaner but nevertheless congested
central Tokyo.
I cannot believe that this town w hich was
so crowded and packed with tourists during
the day looks so deserted at night!
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Kyiv is an im portant industrial, scientific,
educational, and cultural centre o f Eastern
Europe and definitely an ancient and historic
city which keeps national traditions alive.
Travelling around a country I try to avoid
touristy places, I always prefer places that
shape the nation's culture.
T he local m useum is worth visiting; the
exhibits there are really magnificent!
We passed a lot o f sm all littered towns on
the way to the border and did n 't feel safe.
Fountains and sundials make fine centerieces
to the garden, filled with 60.000 flowers in
summer.
T he desire to find more exhibits related
to his great-grandfather's life in the
m useum m ade him forget about his
tired n ess/ fatigue.
Peaceful coastal cliffs stand out on the
horizon.
-------------------------------------
U n it 3 . A city is more than a place in space
—
V. SPEAKING
Look at the pictures and say what makes your tow n /city attractive/u n attractive to tourists and
residents. Use words and expressions from the box and the following cues.
Attractive: sports facilities, cultural, educational, catering, transport
Unattractive: traffic jam s, slum s, vandalism , overcrowding, pollution, crim e
V .---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
J
F l i r ff:
E.g. I live in a peaceful coastal town. Tourists fin d it attractive because i t’s historic and picturesque.
However, in summer it turns into a bustling and crowded place with Uttered beaches and congested streets.
VI. WRITING
10 Writing an opinion composition.
H ow would you d escrib e your birthplace?
Plan
1)
2)
3)
W here is it located? W hen was it founded? W hat is it like?
W hat do you th ink are the strong points o f the place?
W hat are the problem s that m ake your place unattractive
for visitors and inhabitants? Give possible solutions. R em em b er”
to include exam ples and reasons in order to support your opinion.
EXPRESSING YOUR OPINION I
• In my opinion,
• I think
• In my view.
• T h e wav 1 see it
• It seem s to me (that)
• 1 (strongly) believe (that)
• I am strongly convinced
(that)
39
U n it 3. A city is i non
a plac
s i j HC
VII. READING
■j -j Before you read the text about Kyiv answer the following questions.
1.
W here is Kyiv situated?
2 . W hat does its nam e com e from?
3.
4.
W hen was Kyiv founded?
W hen did it becom e the capital o f U kraine?
Introducing Kyiv
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Your first im pression o f Kyiv is bound to be one o f
surprise. U k ra in e ’s capital is one o f E urope's oldest
cities, the birthplace o f E astern Slavic civilisation, and
hom e to a dazzling number o f O rthodox churches and
cath edrals — no w onder it is often referred to as the
“city o f a thousand golden dom es.” G ilded tu rre ts ,
spires and dom es — som e alm ost 1.000 years old —
sh in e brightly all over the city, lighting up the leafy
banks o f the D nipro and giving Kyiv a fabulous fairvtale feel.
Kyiv-Pecherska Lavra, a UNESCO-listed monastery,
is widely regarded as one o f Kyiv's most outstanding
wonders. Founded as a cave m onastery in 1051, the
lavra is filled with golden-dom ed churches, baroque
buildings and orchards w hich are the feast for the eyes.
Below ground, there are caves that arc ju st as fantastical,
hom e to subterranean churches and catacom bs. If you
enter these caves through the C hurch o f the Raising
o f the Cross and descend into a labyrinth o f candlelit
passages, you will see side rooms with glass coffins that
co n tain the unem balm ed but
perfectly preserved bodies o f
m onks, m ore than 900 years
old. Believers say that G o d
preserved the m onks, while
others say the underground
clim ate is the preserver.
Either way, it’s deeply moving
to witness old people, as well
as teens in skinny jeans,
shed tears at the sight o f those holy men. Religious
cerem onies take place in lavishly decorated, icon-filled
interiors, accom panied by beautiful choir singing and
attended by crowds of p ik rim s and m onks. T here are
great collections o f S cythian gold, m icro-m iniatures
and m ore in m useum s located on the prem ises that
rival those of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg A stroll
across this area is a m ust for those who wish to extend
th eir knowledge o f the city and capture its spirit and
peculiar charm .
40
Though this monastery is Kyiv’s most-visited attraction,
it doesn't hold all of the city’s golden eggs. There are more
worldly treasures waiting to be discovered.
Z oloti Vorota. also know n as the G olden G ate, is
one o f th ree sim ilar gates originally built as p art o f
the city's fortification in 1037 by P rince Yaroslav the
Wise. A fter th eir com pletion. Z oloti Vorota was simply
know n as the S outhern G ate an d served as the m ain
en tran ce in to th e city. T h e gate suffered m ajor dam age
in 1240 , w hen M ongol G oiden H orde storm ed the cits
and w hat you see today is the reco n stru ctio n .
Just a stone’s throw from this place th ere's St. Sophia '
C ath ed ral — from 1037 and listed by U N E S C O for its
o u tstan d in g frescoes - and St M ichael’s M onastery,
w ith its sky-blue plasterw ork an d gold dom es so shiny
they mirror the clouds.
H eading aro u n d the left o f St M ichael’s M onastery
to the rear, you'll find the q u ain t fu n icu lar th at ru n s
down a steep hillside to the river te rm in al in the
m ercantile district o f Podil. A lthough in the su m m er
trees partially obscure your
view, th is is still the m ost fun
p u b lic-tran sp o rt ride in town.
To get a feel o f the real Kyiv
you must see Andriyivsky
Uzviz with its quaint houses
and crooked pavem ents. It has
retained its charm despite the
overflowing souvenir stalls on
its cobblestones where artists
sell th eir work. Nowadays it is frequented by collectors
o f U krainian crafts, Soviet m em orabilia, and rare
stu n n in g photos o f Kyiv.
T he view o f St. A n d rew ’s C h u rch , th at blue, beautiful
piece o f b aroque will by every m eans make your heart
skip a beat. It is a m agnificent in te rp re tatio n o f the
traditional
U k rain ian
five-dom ed,
cross-shaped
church.
The appreciation o f art isn't new to Kyiv. It runs
through the city’s veins. W alking through the center,
45
55
U
65
’o
75
80
U n it З. A city is more than a place in space
you com e across m useum s devoted to all kinds o f art.
including folk and oriental.
O ne o f them is the Mystetskyi Arsenal, a former
weapons store, is a huge art m useum with big ambitions.
85 A n o th er one is Kyiv’s m ost impressive collection o f
E uropean a rt is at th e sum ptuous Bohdan and V arvara
K han en ko M useum o f A rts. Bosch, V elazquez and
R ubens are am ong the m any m asters represented,
but they are only p art o f the attraction. T he house
90 itself with its frescoed ceilings and intricately carved
w oodw ork is worth the price of admission. It is packed
w ith priceless antique furniture, an cient G reek
sculptures, porcelain figurines and p aintings. The
m useum ’s clim ax is on the lop floor — four rare icons
from th e 6th an d 7th centuries.
95
T h e rotating exhibits at the w orld-class P inchuk A rt
C en tre feature elite nam es in the world o f E uropean
co n tem p o rary a rt and design
O ne could not but ad m ire fo u n tain -filled M aydan
N ezalezh n o sti, the city's m ost p o p u lar m eeting place. 100
All the streets in the cen tre seem to spill into it, and
with them spills a cross-seciion o f Kyiv life: vendors
selling food an d souvenirs, tourists ta k in g pictures o f
the sights and lovers sitting on the benches.
12 Explain the highlighted phrases in your own words.
13 In the tex t find the underlined English w ord-com binations equivalent to the Ukrainian phrases.
W hat do they re fe r to?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
14
н атовпи п а л о м н и к ів і ч ен ц ів
ст а р о в и н н и й ф у н іку л ер
п ід зем н і церкви
п и ш н і ін т е р ’єри
д и в о в и ж н е почуття к азк и
м и р сь к і, м атеріал ьн і скарби
т о р г о в и й / к о м ер ц ій н и й район
п озолочен і вежі
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
рідкісн і іко н и
східне м и стец тво
ф ар ф о р о ві статуетки
в и ш у к ан і різьблені д ерев’я н і
вироби
елітн і ім ена
р о зк іш н и й музей м и стецтв
звиви сті тротуари
M atch the words with their definitions.
1)
a spire
a)
2)
baroque
b)
3)
4)
a fortification
plasterwork
c)
d)
5)
6)
catacom bs
a labyrinth
e)
f)
7)
m em orabilia
g)
•
•
•
relating to the very decorated style o f a rt, m usic, buildings etc, that
was com m on in Europe in the 17th and early 18th centuries
a cover m ade to decorate walls and ceilings with a sm ooth, even
surface. It consists o f lim e, water, and sand
an underground passageway or group o f passageways
a roof th at rises steeply to a point on top o f a tower, especially on
a church
towers, walls etc built around a place in order to protect it or defend it
things that you keep or collect because they are connected with
a fam ous person, event, or tim e
a large network o f paths or passages which cross each other, m aking it
very difficult to find your way
15 W hat have you learnt about these places from the text you have read?
Kyiv-Pecherska Lavra
the G olden G ate
St. S ophia’s C athedral
Andriyivsky Uzviz
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
St. A ndrew ’s C hurch
Maydan N ezalezhnosti
Bohdan and Varvara K hanenko M useum
o f Arts
41
—
U n it 3. A city is more than a place in space
VIII. WRITING
■j 0 Project Work
K yiv in O ne D ay
Your boss o f the local tourist inform ation service has asked you to write short advertisem ents for
a tourist inform ation m agazine that is distributed free to young travellers. Describe the chosen place
o f Kyiv in 5—7 sentences.
Try to create the atm osphere by describing particular details o f the place. You can use your senses
(sight, sound, sm ell, taste, touch).
E.g.: You can touch the walls built in the 12th century.
If possible help the reader to create the picture o f the place by using images.
E.g.: The domes o f the churches are like big stars in the night sky.
IX. LISTENING
17 The guide is telling the guests about parks and gardens in Kyiv.
A)
Listen to the first part of the text and fill in the gaps.
1.
2.
3.
4.
T he tree that is the symbol o f the city i s _____________ .
I t s _____________ parks a n d ______________public gardens make it the greenest city in Europe.
T he first part appeared in Kyiv i s _____________ .
By the end o f the 18th c e n tu r y ._____________ o f private m anors grew in num ber and becam e
m ore exquisite.
B) Listen to the second part of the text and put the pictures in the order they are m entioned in
the tour. Say w hat featu res helped you to indentify the parks.
Hydropark
The Botanical Garden
o f the Ukrainian
Academy o f Science
(G ryshko N ational
B otanical G ard en )
Shevchenko
park
42
Mariinsky park
U n it 3. A city is more than a place in space —
C)
Listen to the text again and tick which of these parks...
National
B otanical
G arden
a)
is located round the Palace built by order
o f a Russian m onarch?
b)
is a venue o f chess tournam ents?
c)
has various roller coasters?
d)
can boast o f its longest history?
e)
has facilities for growing exotic plants?
0
offers sports facilities?
g)
has a famous building on its territory?
h)
has a vast territory?
M ariinsky
park
Shevchenko
park
H vdropark
X. READING
Unjumble the underlined words.
Architectural monuments of the Transcarpathia
Frankly speaking, like m ost stcelas in U kraine
N evystkyi castle, situated near U zhhorod. can
hardly be called a castle. It’s a kind o f nrisu
that vaguely rem ind us o f medieval pomposity,
votihrs and beauty.
In order to see the rldankam you have to
m ake a little walk or to ride a bicycle, because
all the cars should be left at the foot o f the
hill.
As to the nam e o f the castle there are many
legends co n n ected w ith it. O ne o f them tells
us about the uilrab o f a young m an and his
fiancee from the fam ous aristocratic fam ilies.
T h a t’s why it is called Nevystkyi castle (the
castle o f a bride).
T h e very castle is a heap o f stones, which
som etim es looks like a window or h alf o f a w tero.
Now we ca n 't know for sure. U nfortunately,
people often rem em ber about the netiorrtaos o f
ancient notm um esn only when they have alm ost
tu rn ed into dust and you have to renew them
completely.
But anyway, it is a very p o p u la r place for
visiting. T here are always many people and you
have to stand in a line to take som e pictures o f
the city ranm oapa and the river Uzli.
43
U n it 3
city is more than a place in space
Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.
The castles of the Transcarpathian region
F airy-tale n atu re o f th e T ra n sc arp ath ian region
requires fairy-tale architecture. S om ething like that
_______ (1) C hynadieve, a unique village ________ (2)
Svaliava and M ukacheve. W here else in U kraine can
you find a village w ith two castles?
O ne o f them began in 1840 _______ (3) a sim ple
w ooden cabin, w here the C ounts o f Schdnborn cam e
with th eir guests to r e la x ________(4) hunting. In 1890
the stone castle, s im ila r ________(5) the illustrations in
novels by D um as, was built there. Luckily, now one can
see not only the fa3ade o f the building, but also some
fragm ents o f the form er interior. W hite clouds float
_______ (6) the four differently shaped tow er w eather­
cocks, as you g a z e ________(7) the glass paintings o f the
first floor chapel and g la n c e ________(8) the stone hall.
A solem n stone lion stands g u a r d ________(9) the base
o f th e w ooden stairs. ________ (10) the ceiling there is
a Stag H orn chandelier, the so-called “ M clusina".
In C hynadieve castle you can study a calendar:
365 w indow s (the num ber o f days in a year), 52 room s
(weeks), 12 entrances (m onths). It is strange and
sym bolic. People say that these walls were the w itnesses
_______ (11) the affair o f the c o u n t’s wife. W hen the
co u n t found out ________ (12) it, he m anaged to erase
_______ (13) the tim e o f his s h a m e ________ (14) all the
clocks in the palace.
T h e pond was a l s o ________ (15) one tim e allegoric
its o utline was sim ilar to the shape o f the A ustroH ungarian Em pire o f those days. Now its lazy waters
reflect the num erous chim neys o f the palace th at would
throw o ff even Santa Claus!
2 Q Fill in the gaps with articles where necessary.
The Uzhhorod castle
is
oldest and
T he
U zhhorod castle
_______ mosl im posing bu ild in g o f m odern U zh h o ro d .
______ castle is located on the top o f_______ volcanic hill in
a very suitable place. A fortified settlem ent ap peared on
_______slopes o f the hill i n ________X century. D u rin g
_______ period o f M ongol and T atar expansion the
fo rtification w as destroyed but then rebuilt and
destroyed a g a in _______n um ber o f tim es.
At the end o f the X V II cen tu ry C ount M iklos
B ercheni becam e _______ ow ner o f the castle and
p ractically transform ed U zhhorod i n t o _______centre o f
cu ltu ral an d political life o f _______N o rth ern H ungary.
A large library o f Bercheni, a considerable archive and a
collection o f _______paintings prove th e fact.
L ater
the
castle
hosted
_______
T reasury,
_______ theological sem in ary and since 1947 and up
to now — _______T ra n sc arp arth ia n M useum o f Local
History.
As to its arc h itectu ral history the U zhhorod castle
now ap p ears a s _______typical building o f ________late
R ennaissance: a th ree-sto ried palace with _______four
44
bastions, an in n e r yard and a well over 40 m deep
A part from ______ very arc h itectu re, _______ m ural
__ form er chapel o f the theologica!
deco ratio n s o f
sem in ary done in 1857 are w orth noticing.
W onderful works o f _______ local cast iron art o f
the m iddle o f XIX cen tu ry are in the castle courtyard.
T hey p o r tra y _______them es o f G reek m ythology.
U n it 3. .4 city is more than a place in space —
Read the text and think of 5 questions to ask about this place.
The castle of Chynadieve
T h e second castle o f C hynadieve was not so lucky as
th at o f the C o u n ts o f S chonborn. Its history is longer and
m ore dram atic.
T h e C hynadieve fortress — with two co rn er towers,
a-m eter-th ick walls and m ysterious vaults — was built
in the 14th century by Baron Pereni. T h is stronghold
becam e the centre o f the village o f Chynadieve. In 1657
the fortress was destroyed by Polish tro o p s and then
rebuilt. T h e castle was reco n stru cted m any tim es. In the
18th cen tu ry they tried to m ake a feudal m anor from this
inhospitable fortress, as was in fashion at th a t tim e. T he
builders found a strange skeleton in th e castle wall. W hat
a field th ere was for legend-m akers! T he dram atic history
o f the castle was not over yet. D uring the fascist invasion
the castle was tu rn ed into a prison.
Now nearby the fortress there is a hum ble house o f
a local artist. Joseph B artos. A few years ago the artist
rented the castle and now he is doing his best to restore
it. T h an k s to him the castle has a new ro o f an d its
prospects look brighter.
XI. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
2 2 A) Answer the questions in column C about the places in column B.
B) Listen to the advertisem ent about the places to visit in Ukraine. M atch the number of the
description with the name of the place.
C) Listen again and take notes to answer the question in column D. Are the notes in columns C and
D similar? Are there any differences?
... .... - . ■ . ; ........
1
■
...................
C
A
»
...........................
Number
in the ad.
Place
Is (his place worth paying
a visit? Why?
According to Che advertisement
why is the place recommended?
Ka mya nets- Pod i lsk y
Yarem cha
Sofiyivka Park in U m an
O desa
the fortress o f Sudak
Lviv
the Pyrohovo folk m useum in Kyiv
K harkiv
Sevastopil
45
XII. TRANSLATION
23 Translate into English.
1.
К ож не вел и ке м істо в У країні має
багато у н ік а л ь н и х архітектурн и х
о со б л и в о стей . К и їв відом ий
(слави ться) своїм и церквами та
соборами, архітектура Х аркова більш
суч асн а та відображ ає ін д у ст р іа л ь н и й
дух міста. Т ури сти відвідую ть
Л ьвів, щ об н асол од ж увати ся його
відомою кавою та м и л увати ся пишно
прикрашеним оперним театром.
2.
Ми відвідали дуже цікавий особняк,
як и й був у великому парку на березі
моря. В парку мож на було побачити
пишно прикрашені фонтани, прекрасні
(р о зк іш н і) скульптури, а також статуї
левів перед будинком. Фасад будинку
був п рикраш ени й позолоченими
колонами. М и прогулялися тін и сти м и
стеж кам и парку.
3.
4.
У К р и м у є д ек іл ь к а п ар к ів та
ботанічних садів, я к і визнані
шедеврами ландшафтного мистецтва.
Вони о хоп лю ю ть в ел и ку тери торію та
славляться к о л е к ц ія м и р ізн о м ан ітн и х
р о сл и н . Там м ож на п обачи ти
у н ік а л ь н і види р о сл и н із усіх
р егіо н ів п лан ети . Д еякі п ар к и м аю ть
оранжереї, зимові садки, теп л и ц і та
розарії. В ідвідувачі м ож уть зд ій сн и ти
одноденну організовану екскурсію
та відвідати прекрасні виставки
квітів. М ож на п ровести ц іл и й ден ь,
захоплюючись каскадними водоспадами
та садам и к а м ін н я .
Одесу ч асто н ази ваю ть «перлиною
Ч орного моря», в ній є багато
м узеїв, сп а-к у р о р тів , пам’яток я к для
туристів, так і д л я м ісцевих
м е ш к а н ц ів . О дна з п ам 'я то к — мереж а
катакомб б езп о сер ед н ьо під м істом . Ці
підземні тунелі були м ісцем сховищ а
п ід час Д р угої світової вій н и .
5.
Я кщ о вам доведеться бути в Л уцьку,
не забудьте відвідати зам ок Л ю барта.
С ьогод н і ця ф о р тец я — в аж л и в а
туристична пам’ятка, як а сл ави ться
своїм и д ав н ім и веж ам и , зам ком
та м узеєм . М ож на також м и л увати ся
ч удови м и мальовничими краєвидами.
6.
В худож н іх м узеях відвідувач і м ож уть
п обачи ти різні світові скарби, т а к і я к
к а р т и н и , р ід к існ і іко н и аб о в и ш у к ан і
різьб лен і д е р е в ’ян і вироби . Н ай б ільш
вражаюча колекція євр о п ей сь к о ї о
ж и в о п и су зн аход и ться у р о зк іш н о м у
Х удож ньом у м узею Б огдан а та
В арвари Х аненко. Б удівля має
п о к р и ті фресками стелі, неоцінні
античні меблі, д а в н ь о гр е ц ь к і
с к у л ь п ту р и , фарфорові статуетки
та к а р ти н и .
7.
П рага є од н и м з н ай біл ьш чудових
міст Є вроп и та місцем величезної
кількості видатн и х п ам 'я то к з усіх
періодів її історії. К арлів м іст (Charles
bridge) — п а м ’я т к а , що входить
до списку Ю Н ЕС К О . Він рясно
прикрашений б ар о ч н и м и р е л ігій н и м и
статуям и . З кож ного б оку м оста є
вежа. М ож на п ід н я ти ся на верхівку,
ш об п обачи ти п ан орам у П раги та
зелені береги річки В лтава. Цей
краєвид змушує серце прискорено
битися.
T T
« i
i
Unit4
GEOGRAPHY
BEING
DESTINY
I. LEAD-IN
Quiz on Britain
1.
Which of these countries is smaller than
the United Kingdom?
a) Ukraine b) Ireland c) Germany
8.
The Thames does not flow through the
followin^blaces...
a) B risiajpto) L ondon c) Oxford
Which of the following water bodies washes the
9.
Which sea washes the north coast of Wales?
a) the North Sea b) ihe Irish Sea
c) the Baltic Sea
a s is o fth e U K ?
he Atlantic Ocean
b> die Mediterranian :
.
L
til
The highest p S i n die UK is...
" " itU iit "
a) Snowdon, W^les b) Ben Nevis. Scotland.;-.;1 i
c) llelveUyn, England
a) Wales sits to the west of E n g la n d .
‘ ’ 1" ‘ '
b) Northern Ireland sits to the w est o f England.
c) Scotland sits to the south of England.
5.
How many countries are there in the United
Kingdom? R
a) 3 b) 4 c) 5
6.
The White cliffs of Dover are made of ,
a) sandstone b) granite c) chalk \ ;l
7.
10.
What is th e seco n d busiest airp o rt a n the U K ?
a) H eathrow b) M anchester c) Gatwick
11.
W hich city is the capitalof Wales?
a) E dinburgh b) B irm in g h am c) C a rd iff
12.
W hich o f the m o u n tain s are called
the Backbone o f England?
a) the P en n in e C h ain b) the Grampian
M ountains c) the Cambrian Mountains
13.
T h e clim ate o f Great Britain may be
ch aracterized as...
il
1whimi.
a) co n tin en tal b) m aritim e temperate
c) M editerranean
1*1.
Which o f these parts of the UK is washed by
the North Sea in the east and by the Atlantic
O cean in the west and north?
a) S cotland b) England c) Wales
The longcsjt river in the United Kingdom Is...
a) the Severn b) the Avon c) the Thames
II. VOCABULARY
Use the words c liff(s), ridge(s), valley to fill in the gaps.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
T he farm is in a beautiful, sheltered, q u i e t___________ beside the nature reserve.
T h at picturesque cottage is set on a ___________in the C hiltern Hills and attracts m any tourists
with its quiet beauty.
Steep m o u n ta in ___________. punctuated with castles, slice into densely forested valleys.
M id -A tla n tic ___________ is a very long narrow elevation on the ocean floor that runs all the way
from Iceland in the N orth A tlantic to Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic.
The house stood remote, in the middle o f nowhere, on the side o f a riv e r__________ , surrounded
with trees o f many kinds.
In my o pinion, that se c lu d e d ___________ with a stream was an ideal spot for wild cam ping.
T he coastline varies from white c h a lk ___________ to quiet river estuaries.
47
—
O
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny -----------------------------M atch the words with their definitions and then fill in the gaps with them .
A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
the seafront
the seashore
a beach
a quay
a)
b)
c)
d)
the land along the sea or the ocean usually where there is sand and rocks
platform in a harbor where boats com e in to land
part o f the town facing the sea or the ocean
the area or sand and sm all stones beside the sea or a lake
B)
1. Barbara sat at the end o f t h e ____________ fishing and w atching the boats sailing into the harbour.
2. T he s o u th e rn ______________is hom e to a good seafood restaurant and a lot o f peaceful sand.
3. Situated on the northern coast o f C orfu, Acharavi is a growing resort with an 8 km long
s a n d y ______________ joining it to Roda.
4. T he to w n 's ______________area is relatively safe (perhaps apart from traffic problem s), although
non-geological activities associated with sw im m ing or boats may involve hazards.
5. B o a t______________was the busiest part o f the old Port o f Singapore, handling three quarters of
all shipping business during the 1860s.
6. If you are looking l o r ______________apartm ents, we can offer two- and three-storey buildings.
which spread from the beach o f A delianos C am pos up to the Old N ational Road.
7. N ature has given us a p ic tu re sq u e _____________and high blue m ountains, the biggest desert and
lake in Europe, quiet forests and huge rivers.
8. It is a high q u a lity _____________ with m any facilities available, so wide that even at high tide it
can be enjoyed.
Fill in the gaps with one of the words from the
box.
Paraphrase the highlighted parts
of the sentences using these words:
inhabitants — uninhabited — habitable — habitat —
uninhabitable — habitation — inhabited
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
48
It is interesting to watch anim als in their
n a tu ra l_______________ .
Japan
is
mostly
m ountainous
and
has only a relatively narrow strip o f
land along the coasts.
Because o f the oil slick, h a lf o f the island
is expected to r e m a i n _______________ for
a n o th er decade.
Robinson Crusoe lived on a n ____________
island for many years.
D uring the war, people lived in dangerous
places, hazardous for their lives, which
were
practically
unfit
for
hu m an
T hese islands are _______________ —
scientists found several species o f anim als
living here.
People _______________ the British Isles
long before the A nglo-Saxon invasion.
Is it true that this city has 6 m illion
?
predict — predictive — unpredictability —
predictions — unpredictable — predictable
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
T he governm ent’s promises about the
possible growth o f econom y did not
im press the citizens.
Scientists are searching for new ways to
make it possible to say in advance when
and where earthquakes will happen.
My brother always changes his plans
suddenly. You never know what he is going
to do in a m inute. This feature of his
character is unbearable for the m em bers of
o u r family.
T he fath er’s reaction to his so n ’s asking
for pocket m oney was evident — he
never gave him m oney to waste with his
friends.
H enry often has dreams about what is going
to happen to him in the future.
T he w eather in this area changes a lot and
it is difficult to say what it will be like in
an hour.
Find the odd one out.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C liff — precipice — gorge — rock
Valley — gorge — river basin — ridge
Shelter — fell — hom e — dwelling
M arsh — fen — quay — bog
River — brook — reservoir — stream
III. READING
y
Read the first part of the text and say if the following statements are true or false and give your reasons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Britain is a geologically uniform country.
Sandstone is the most im portant m aterial in m aking English landscapes.
In sular geographic position largely predeterm ines largely the English economy.
N early every big British city stands on a river.
Waterways were m ore exploited in British history than land roads.
T he British began building canals in the 16”' century.
Most big British cities are situated on the seacoast.
T he British w atery borders have always m ade this country an easy target for invaders.
England Portrayed through Geography, History and Weather
Pari I
T n e\ say that the E nglish national ch a racter is
principally the accident o f geography and weather.
The extrem e variety o f the English landscape
largely created by chunks o f raised sea bed
jn d fragm ents o f land mass that began life south
e r the equator 600 m illion years ago and gradually
m igrated north. Britain is a random collection o f
soil> and stones, Hipped over by tectonic grazing,
frozen by ice ages, sculpted by volcanoes, fried by
the sun. som etim es sw am ped by the sea, som etim es
lifted above it.
N o o th e r co u n try in E urope packs so m any
different stones into such a sm all area as Britain
Jis.--. In a th irtv -m ile journey, you’ll com e across
m any different landscapes as you m ight cover in
300 m iles in a m ore geologically uniform country
like C an ad a or A ustralia.
You tend to find better stone in the west —
g ranites, slates and sandstones. As you move east,
the Mones get younger and th e ir quality lessens.
E-:>: A nglia is largely m ade o f sand, clays and
chalk. T he la tte r is responsible for m ore English
landscapes th an any o th e r single rock. As well as
form ing the W hite Cliffs o f Dover, it im proves the
quality o f agricultural lands w hile chalk stream s
pr;xitice the best fishing in E ngland.
O f all ilie geographic factors that have shaped
E ngland and the English the most pow erful is the
fact that they live on an island. T h irty per cent o f
th e English live w ithin six m iles o f the coast. A nd no
one in E ngland is m ore th an seventy m iles — o r two
h o u rs' drive — from the sea.
For all the closeness to the sea. mosl m ajor English
cities tend to be som e way from it — unlike the m ajor
co astlin e cities like H ong Kong or Los Angeles o r
C ardiff, Belfast o r D ublin. E nglish cities are m ore
likely to be on a m ajor river, at a spot w here the river
has narrow ed enough to be forded.
B ritain is rich in w aterways and alm ost every tow n
stan d s on its river, every village upon its stream . We
can see it in the nam es: B u rto n -o n -T ren t. S tratfordon-Avon, K ingston-upon-T ham es, N ew castle-on-Tyne,
and so on.
From the tim es o f the R om ans until the seventeenth
century, B ritain ’s seas and rivers were m ore im p o rtan t
than roads for the tran sp o rt o f goods and people: many
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
0
roads were m ere tracks suitable only for packhorses.
Most English rivers were navigable for barges for a
p art o f th e ir course, and heavy goods were transp o rted
either on the rivers o r by sea. Rivers such as the
T h am es, Lea, Severn and Wye were o f the utm ost
im portance for tran sp o rt. Even in the sixteenth
century, attem p ts were
m ade to im prove the
waterways by dredging
an d
w idening,
and
cu ttin g
off
awkward
bends.
From
m aking
artificial cuts in rivers,
it was only a short step
to c o n stru c tin g can als to
co n n e ct rivers.
Road tran sp o rt was
difficult,
and
river
tran sp o rt w as inadequate
even o n the sections
where the river channels
had been deepened. T he grow ing population o f the
co u n try required m ore food, and the industries m ore
coal. T he first canals were built to m eet special needs.
By the end o f the eighteenth century, th ree canals
had been co n stru cted across the Pennines.
O ver the last two centuries, th e Industrial
Revolution, rath er th an the sea, has dictated the size
and im portance o f English cities. O f the top ten m ost
populated English cities, only Liverpool, the sixth
biggest, and Bristol, the eighth biggest, are m aritim e
cities.
Island status has tended to m ake E ngland a strong
in dependent country. T h ere have been very few
invaders in th e past 2,000 years and no invaders at all
years. W atery borders are h a rd e r to
cross th an terrestrial ones.
T h e S p an ish A rm ad a,
N apoleon o r H itler never
crossed
th e
E nglish
C h an n el o r landed in
Britain.
The cramped quality of
island life also means that,
for all the tolerance shown
by the English, they like
putting barriers against any
real interference in their
private life. The desire for
privacy extends to a lack of
interest to the world outside
Britain, intensified by the English happening to speak the
world's most |x>pular language; not much need to learn
another.
It also m akes for a relatively unsophisticated
people — afraid o f foreign food and foreign
languages; happier to speak E nglish and eat fish
and chips on Spanish package tours, rath er th an risk
em barrassm ent, and an upset stom ach, by strik in g
out on th e ir ow n abroad.
80
85
90
95
I#*
10*
Translate the following phrases using words and phrases from the text.
щ іл ьн о н аселен и й (2 варіан ти ),
п р и д атн и й д л я м е ш к а н н я ,
о стр івн е п олож ен н я,
я к іс т ь к а м ін н я стає гірш ою ,
п о кр ащ у ється я к іс т ь сіл ьсько го сп о д ар ч и х зем ель.
п ри м орські м іста.
п огли б л ен н я д н а і р о зш и р е н н я водних
ш л яхів,
д о статн ь о вузька річка д л я переходу вбрід,
н азем н і кордони, втручанн я у п риватне ж и ття,
обм еж ене у п росторі острівн е ж и ття.
Read the second p art of the text and answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
50
W hat does the au th o r m ean by calling Britain a “ longish and th in n ish ” island?
W hat are places with higher tem peratures sheltered with?
W here are the so-called ‘cold spots’ situated and what is specific about them ?
Why is the G u lf Stream supposed to be the most powerful factor in producing the English clim ate?
W hat d eterm ines the density o f population in different areas in Britain?
In what ways do the variety, gentleness and unpredictability o f English w eather influence the
English life?
?0<
)hy b
tm \
Pari 2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
10
E nglish w eather may not be extrem e, but that
do esn’t stop it from being unique. Britain is a longish,
th in n ish island, stretching roughly n o rth -so u th across
several clim ate zones. W hen you move east o r west
tow ards the coast, or north tow ards cooler w eather,
you get varying extrem es o f tem perature.
T he tem perature also depends on how sheltered
a place is. Torquay’s seafront palm trees can only
survive because they are protected by D artm oor and
Exm oor to the north. English urban garden squares
are sheltered by terraced houses on all sides in winter;
and the squares enjoy early w arm th at the beginning o f
su m m er because o f th e greater heat o f city centres.
The reverse is true too: some parts o f England are
decidedly unsheltered. Across the country, there are
pockets o f extrem e cold where dense cold air sinks into
natural basins producing very low tem peratures in w in­
ter and in early autum n, m aking leaves from the trees
fall earlier than higher up the valley. In Redliill, Surrey,
and Rickm answ orth, H ertfordshire the tem peratures
are fifteen degrees lower than in central London, which
is only fifteen miles from them . Fortunately, there are
not so many cold spots in the country.
T he m ost powerful factor in producing the clim ate
and Englishness o f the English w eather is the G u lf
Stream. London is on m uch the same latitude as
Calgary in C anada. Kyiv in U kraine and Irkutsk in
Siberia, but it doesn't share the w eather conditions
o f those places since London is warmed by the G u lf
Stream . It’s because o f the G u lf Stream that daffodils
bloom in Cornwall in spring before all other counties;
that is why parts o f Cornw all don’t get their first
frost until D ecem ber, while other bits o f the country
get hit in early October. For the sam e reason azaleas,
rhododendrons and cam ellias do well in the county.
T he variety o f English w eather conditions dictates
which p a n s o f England are heavily settled, which
parts better suited to agriculture, w hich best left
to sem i-wilderness. But practically every co rn er o f the
co u n try is m ade habitable due to the com bination o f
m eteorological, geological, and geographic factors.
You might not w ant to live on the slopes o f Scafell
Pike, E ngland’s tallest m ountain (3,209 feet), but it is
habitable all the same.
T h a t's largely why E ngland is now the sixth most
densely p opulated m ajor co u n try in the w orld, w ith
401 people p er square kilom etre. E ngland, with few­
er wild places th an Wales o r S co tlan d , is particularly
packed. Taken as a w hole, the U nited K ingdom drops
to the seventeenth m ost overcrow ded c o u n try in the
w orld, w ith 255 people per square kilom eter an d the
overall population o f 63.7 m illion.
It is the gentleness o f English weather, com bined with
its unpredictability that m akes it such a p opular subject
for conversation. It’s because o f that unpredictability,
too, that the English talk so appreciatively o f sudden
w arm snaps, that they strip o ff and dive into the sea
the m om ent the sun com es out — they know it’s not
going to last. H ospitable clim ate m akes the English
obsessive gardeners and obsessive walkers.
40
45
50
55
In the text find the words derived from the same roots and explain their meaning.
1.
2.
3.
4.
nation — ___
hospitality —
to predict — _
crowd — ____
5.
6.
7.
8.
wild — __
power — _
to inhabit
obsession ■
•J-J In 7—10 sentences summarize all the facts that prove how the island life tells on the English national
character.
51
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny
12
Nine sentences or phrases have been removed from the text below. Choose from the A—I the one
which fits each gap (1—9).
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
several holiday resorts located
offers ideal hiking opportunities
Two-thirds of the population can be found here
that make up
the coast with its stu n n in g national parks
F. hom e to 641 fam ous fortresses
G. the largest city and capital
H. Lying on a m ountainous western peninsula
o f the island o f G reat Britain
I. the second largest urban area
Wales
W ales (Welsh: C ym ru) is one o f the countries (l)_
the U nited K ingdom . Rich in h isto ry and n atu ral
beauty. Wales has a living C eltic cu ltu re distinct to the rest o f the U K . Travelers are attracted to Wales because of
its beautiful landscape, including the m o untains and (2)___________. the wealth o f history and a large n um ber o f
im posing castles.
(3)_____________ . Wales is bordered to the east by E ngland, w hile the Republic o f Ireland sits to the west across
th e Irish Sea.
Wales is geographically and cu lturally divided into th ree regions. N orth W ales with (4)_____________ along the
coast is prim arily a rural area with the highest m o u n tain s in the U K south o f S cotland. M id W ales is a sparsely
p opulated region o f m ou n tain s, m oorlands, forests, wide river valleys and a coastline facing the Irish Sea, and South
Wales. T he South is by far the m ost urbanised area. (5)______________, especially in the eastern h a lf T h e w estern
hair is rural and includes som e stu n n in g coastal scenery.
W ales has m any picturesque cities and tow ns such as C ardiff. (6)_____________ o f W ales; Sw ansea, W ales' city by
the sea and (7)___________ . Wales is rich in history, cu lture, m yth and legend. K now n as 'th e land o f castles', it is
(8)_________________— m ore castles per square m ile th an anyw here else in the world.
S now donia, know n in Welsh as Eryri (land o f th e eagles), is a land o f high peaks, steep, plunging valleys and
open m oorland. Rocky m ountains, glacial lakes, w aterfalls an d w ilderness com pete for attention. W ales' highest
m o u n tain s Snow don is the highest m ountain in Wales an d (9)__________ .
iv. l i s t e n i n g
13
Listen to the guide and fill in the tab le with the inform ation about what makes the places attractive
to tourists.
Place
the city o f B ournem outh
the New Forest
L am ington
Burley
Salisbury
Dorset
52
Famous fo r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny —
Decide which place is the most appropriate one to these people and explain why.
The tourist(s)
1
Two biology students interested in local habitats
2
A young m an who hopes to hire and ride a bike around the area
3
Someone who is interested in tasting local dishes
4
A com pany o f friends planning to celebrate a birthday
in the open air
5
A n old lady who is mostly interested in art
6
A young couple who just want to spend the day together walking
around a beautiful town with interesting views to take pictures of
7
Some overseas tourists who are eager to have a deeper look into
British history
8
The father who w ants to show his son how people live and
work on a farm
Destination
V. VOCABULARY
15 Fill in th e g a p s in th e te x t below with p re p o sitio n s w herever n e c e ss a ry .
The Countryside of Britain
T he co untryside o f B ritain is well known ( I ) _______________ its beauty and a lot o f contrasts: its
bare m o u n tain s and m oorland, its lakes, rivers and woods, and its long, often wild coastline. M any
o f the m ost beautiful areas are national parks and are protected ( 2 ) __________ developm ent. W hen
British people th in k ( 3 ) ___________the countryside they th in k ( 4 ) ____________farm land, as well as
op en spaces. T hey im agine cows o r sheep ( 5 ) __________green fields enclosed ( 6 ) __________ hedges
o r stone walls, and fields o f wheat and barley. M ost farm land is privately ow ned but is crossed
( 7 ) _______ a network o f public footpaths. M any people associate the countryside ( 8 ) _________ peace
and relaxation. T hey spend th eir free tim e w alking or cycling there, or go ( 9 ) ________ the country
( 1 0 ) ____________ a picnic o r a pub lunch. ( I I ) _____________ su m m er people go to fruit farm s and
pick straw berries and o th er fruit. O nly a few people who live (12) ____________ the co u n try work
(13) _____________ farm s. M any com m ute to work ( 1 4 ) _____________ towns. M any others dream
( 1 5 ) ____________ living in the country, where they believe they would have a better and healthier
lifestyle. T he co untryside faces ( 1 6 ) ____________ m any th reats. Som e are associated with m odern
farm ing practices, and the use o f chem icals harm ful ( 1 7 ) _________ plants and wildlife. L and is also
needed ( 1 8 )__________ new houses. T he green belt, an area o f land ( 1 9 ) ___________ m any cities, is
(20)
increasing pressure. Plans to build new roads are strongly opposed
(21 )
organizations trying to protect ( 2 2 ) ____________ the countryside. P rotesters set
up cam ps to prevent, or at least delay, the building work.
53
— U n it 4 . Geography being destiny -----------------------------------------------------------Fill in the gaps in the text with the words from the box.
•venture -screams -captured 'timber -scary -sword -elm -covered -woodlands
Forests and Woods
W hen the islands were first settled, oak forest probably ( I ) _____________ the greater part o f the
lowland: forests o f Scots pine, the higher ground and, perhaps, som e o f the open m oorland. Over the
centuries, the forest area was progressively dim inished, the ( 2 ) ___________ being utilized in the ship­
building industry. Today ( 3 ) ___________ occupy only about 8.5 per cent o f the total land area.
The most com m on trees found in England are oak, beech, ash and (4 )____________. An oak can live
a thousand years or more — there is one in Sherwood Forest said to have hidden Robin Hood. An oak is
more than its timber; an oak is time. O ur ancient woodlands connect us to the past. They are living history.
Sherwood, Wychwood. Epping, Wyre, Whittlewood, the New Forest... The nam es are so romantic!
W hen we were children, we lived in H undred Acre Wood with Pooh and Tigger, or the Wild W ood
o f The W ind in the Willows. Tolkein’s M irkwood full o f giant spiders seeded itself into H arry Potter's
Forbidden Forest. T he trope o f the wood as m agical, strange, sacred. ( 5 ) ___________ , alive, unknow n,
crosses cultural tim e from D ante to Avatar.
W alking into the woods at night can be scary, but when the woods are said to be haunted, few dare
to ( 6 ) ____________ in. Some woods and forests have a rich history indeed. S cream ing W oods sit just
south o f what is said to be the most haunted village in B ritain, Pluckley. T he woods get th eir nam e
because o f the blood curdling ( 7 ) ____________ people som etim es hear com ing from the forest late at
night. D escribed as the most haunted w oodland in Kent. Scream ing W oods is said to be haunted by a
highwaym an who was ( 8 ) ____________by villagers, brought to the woods, pinned to a tree and killed
with a ( 9 ) ___________ , and a scream ing m an who is said to have fallen to his death.
17 Choose the right option and read about British villages.
T he villages o f Britain evoke a sense of
tim elessness and peace, though each is unique
and offers its own brand o f “ B ritishness.”
Castle Com be, Wiltshire with its beautiful
5 stone houses dating back/ since hundreds o f years
is known as one o f Britain’s prettiest villages. The
ideal/ idyllic village has even attracted Hollywood
producers who have chosen it as a setting/ scenery
for films like War Horse, Stardust and Doctor
10 Doolittle. The Market Cross m onum ent is the
centerpiece/ focus o f the village.
T he chocolate-box village o f Polperro
in C ornw all is described/ characterized by
its narrow w inding streets, tiny fisherm en’s
15 bungalows/ cottages and its picturesque harbour.
Polperro is fam ous/ notorious for its seafood, so
enjoying a fresh crab sandwich from one o f the
cafes is a must. Follow the coastal footpaths
that will take you to the seafront/ beach that is
20 often em pty, even during sum m er.
Set in the southern H ighlands o f Scotland,
C om rie is a beautiful village, which lies on
the banks/ shores o f the pebbly River Earn. In
the m ain square you’ll find a striking building
erected/ designed by the architect Charles
M ackintosh. Nearby you'll find the picturesque
Glen Artney, which was im m ortalised in Sir
Walter Scott’s poem The Lady o f the Lake.
A remote, single/ alone line o f houses makes
up the tiny fishing village of Crovie, Scotland.
The village curls itself around the base o f the
ridges/ cliffs that form the east side o f G am rie Bay
and boasts uninterrupted views o f the wild Scottish
coastline/ seafront. Adding to Crovie’s charm is the
complete lack o f vehicles, the road is simply too 35
narrow to place/ accommodate them!
B etw s-y-Coed is set in a spectacular valley
in Wales and is surrounded by m agnificent
m ountains and w oodland. The picture-postcard
village is hom e to m any bridges, cafes and tourist 40
shops. T he Bridge o f the C auldron was built
in 1468 and is buffeted by foam ing water after
heavy/ hard rain falls. T he M otor M useum has
a collection o f over 30 vintage/ antique cars.
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny
VI. SPEAKING
18
Look at the pictures and describe a British country landscape using the following phrases.
to evoke a sense o f tim elessness and peacc
an idyllic village
a postcard-picture village
an unin terru p ted view
picturesque cottages
to add to the village’s charm
green fields enclosed by hedges
privately owned farm land
a network o f public footpaths
spectacular m o u n tain s/ valley
bare m ountains and m oorland
wild coastline
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny ---------------------------------------------------
VII. READING
19
Read the texts about some natural wonders of the UK and answer the questions.
A.
B.
G ia n t’s Causeway
G len Coe
C.
D.
T he Lake D istrict
Loch Ness
Which place
1) was the home for m any English writers? □
2) is a resort offering m any activities all year
round? □
3) gave its nam e to some things? □
4) has the nam e that is explained in different
ways? □
E.
F.
T he Wh ite Cliffs o f Dover
C heddar G orge & Caves
5)
6)
7)
has a special colour thanks to the sea? □
is m entioned in legends? □
was o f great im portance for trade and
econom y in the past? □
8)
has a few versions o f the origin o f its
nam e? □
Natural Wonders of the UK
A lthough the com bined cou n tries o f E ngland.
S cotland. Wales, and N orthern Ireland are not
large by co u n try standards, they are, nevertheless,
p u n ctuated by num erous natural areas w hich are
5 not only popular w ith natives but are m ust-sees on
the tourist trail as well.
I.
Giant's Causeway, located on the northeast
coast o f N orthern Ireland, is the m ost popular
tourist attraction in the country. It consists of
10 alm ost 40.000 colum ns o f basalt, som e reaching over
30 feet high, w hich are crow ded together, creating
an unusual ensem ble.
It was declared a World H eritage Site by
u n d e r the sea. M ost o f th e co lu m n s are hex ag o n al. 20
U N E S C O in 1986. and a N ational N ature Reserve
alth o u g h th e re are also som e w ith four, five, seven
15 in 1987.
or eig h t sides. T h e p illars are stran g ely regular,
T h is in trig u in g rock fo rm a tio n is m ade up o f
alm o st as if form ed by h u m an h an d . Legend has
tightly packed black basalt co lu m n s stick in g out
it that th e causew ay was form ed by th e Irish G ian t
o f th e sea. T h e tops o f th e co lu m n s form ste p p in g
F in n M cC ool w ho w an te d to cross th e Irish Sea to 25
sto n e s th a t lead from th e c liff foot and d isa p p e a r
fight h is S co ttish rival, the G ia n t B en an d o n n er.
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny
train in g are available. G lencoe is also an ideal base
2.
Glen Coe is a volcanic glen (a narrow and deep
from w hich to explore the H ighlands o f Scotland, rich
m o u n tain valley) in the H ighlands o f Scotland. T his
in history and blessed with stu n n in g scenery that has
area is a w onderful wild world that has been neither
captured the hearts and m inds o f all visitors.
20
spoilt nor changed for centuries. High m ountain peaks,
T he nam e G len C o e is often said to m ean “G len
5 ridges, rushing rivers and waterfalls all merge to create
o f W eeping," perhaps with som e reference to the
a magical, mystical land waiting to be explored.
infam ous M assacre o f G lencoe, w hich took place there
T he routes and opportunities for adventure are endless.
In good weather, they dem and a high degree o f in 1692. In fact, the G len is nam ed after th e River
C oe, w hich ru n s th ro u g h it, and bore th is nam e long 25
com m itm ent; in bad weather, they can be very serious
before the 1692 incident. O ne possibility is th at it was
10 m ountaineering undertakings, calling for technical
nam ed after a tribe once living in the area; however
this rem ain s speculation.
T h e th ird H arry P otter film , H arry P otter an d the
P risoner o f A /k a b a n , was shot in G lencoe in May and 30
June 2003. T he sets were located so as to take in the
fantastic scenery, overlooking the Signal Rock forest
to the rugged hills o f the glen.
equipm ent and the knowledge o f how to use it. G lencoe
m ountain resort offers m ountain biking, archery,
orienteering, hill-w alking, clim bing, chairlift rides,
photography, trail building, guided walks and hom e
15 cooked food in the log cabin cafe in sum m er. In w inter
skiing, snow boarding, sledging and avalanche rescue
W ordsw orth an d the bestselling ch ild ren 's au th o r 20
3.
The Lake District in the north-w est o f E ngland
Beatrix Potter, who was also a talented botanical
is a favorite vacation land for m any Britons as well as
p ain ter an d am ate u r naturalist. T here is a sm all gallery
to u rists from other cou ntries. Its wide ranges o f hills,
that co n tain s a collection o f her delicate w atercolours
know n as fells, are interspersed w ith num erous lakes.
5 T h e lakes are o f varying sizes, som e large expanses of d epicting local flora and fauna.
water, such as Lake W inderm ere, over 16 km long,
others are tiny, as Brothers W ater, less than a mile in
length. T h is place is renow ned for its scenic beauty.
M uch o f the activity in th e area cen ters round
IS W inderm ere. Som ew hat bizarrelv, Lake W inderm ere is
officially a public highway — giving it the sam e status
as a m ain road o r an intercity m otorw ay — a n d in the
early 19th century cargo ships carry in g coal, lum ber,
co p p e r and slate were a com m on sight on its waters.
15 T he first steam passenger ferry was launched on the
lake in 1845, ju st two years before the railway arrived
in tow n, and lake cruises quickly becam e one o f the
tow n's most po p u lar pastim es (and biggest earners).
T h e area is also asso ciated w ith the poet W illiam
57
U n it 4 . Geography being d e s tin y
4.
Loch N ess, S cotland. O ne o f the m ost popular existence has varied since il was first brought to the
world's attention in 1933. T he Loch Ness
to u rist attractio n s in all o f S cotland is Loch
M onster is a creature whose existence
Ness. Il is the second largest Scottish lake
has been suggested but is not
by surface area after Loch Lom ond.
recognized by scientific consensus.
5 but due to its great dep th , it is the
N essie is reputedly a large unknow n
largest by volume. It co n tain s m ore
an im al that is said to inhabit Loch
fresh w ater than all the lakes in
Ness in the Scottish H ighlands.
E ngland and Wales com bined. Most
It is sim ilar to o th er supposed lake
people drive around the loch to attem pt
m onsters in Scotland and elsewhere,
10 to spot the legendary creatu re w hich has
though its description varies from one account
fascinated m en. w om en, and ch ild ren all over
lo the next.
th e world. P opular interest and belief in the an im al's
keeping th em w'hite. But w here the sea ca n n o t reach
5.
W hite Cliffs of Dover, England. These chalky
the cliffs because o f beach and sea defences, erosion
w hite cliffs lie on E ngland's southeastern shore, facing
stops an d the cliffs becom e vegetated with trees and
France. They are fam ous as one o f the first im ages seen
shrubs.
20
by th o se who travel from the m ainland to E ngland.
5 T he cliffs rise up to 350 feet and dram atically herald
on e's arrival in E ngland. T his is one o f those natural
m onum ents that defines w hat it is to be British. For
alm ost 1,000 years. D over C astle, perched on top o f
the w hite cliffs, has stared back at those who m ay have
10 cast an envious eye at England from only 20 m iles
away. But why are the cliffs so w hite? Well, they are
m ade up o f billions o f the crushed shells o f tiny sea
creatures. A hundred and fifty m illion years ago.
these organism s gradually settled in shallow seas. The
15 sedim ents were gradually built up an d later lifted to
form th e chalk cliffs. These are eroded by the sea,
6. Cheddar Gorge & Caves, Somerset, England.
Cheddar Gorge is the largest deep narrow valley in the
United Kingdom. This chasm is almost 400 feet deep. It
is noteworthy for both its geology and its history — the
5 oldest complete hum an skeleton in G reat Britain, C heddar
Man. was found in the C heddar Caves, within the gorge.
He was estim ated to be 9.000 years old. These caves
provided shelter for man more than 40.000 years ago.
T his world-famous site is an Area o f Ouistanding Natural
10 Beauty, reveals many fascinating stories of our prehistoric
ancestors, and is an international centre for caving and
rock climbing. The gorge was formed in the Ice Age,
when any water in the limestone froze, m aking the rock
temporarily impermeable. Torrents of melt water gradually
15 eroded the rock away to form the gorge. After the Ice Age
the limestone thawed and became permeable again, so
that any water on the surface seeped into the rock, leaving
behind a dry valley. There are about 350 officially graded
climbing routes on the 27 cliffs that make up Cheddar
20 Gorge, which are generally open to climbers between
58
I October and 15 March each year. Formed under the sea
300 million years ago. Cheddar Gorge and Caves lends
their name Cheddar to many things — cheese, flowers and
Britain's oldest complete skeleton. Cheddar has always
been a very important, and a very special place. Its geology; 25
prehistory, history and wildlife all have fascinating tales
to tell.
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny
20 W hat is described in the te x t as:
a)
2 \
a favourite vacation land
b) a natural m onum ent
c)
d)
e)
Find synonymous pairs among the following words and
expressions.
• trail - t o form • to perch on • to make up
• to be noticeable • to capture the hearts and m inds
• route • fascinating • to im press greatly
• stu n n in g • stick out o f • to be situated
a wonderful wild world
strangely regular
the largest by volume
Explain why.
VIII. WRITING
22 Accepting an invitation
You receive a le tte r from your pen-friend who
lives in England. He invites you to visit him
for several days. He has only two days off
to show you some places that are natural
wonders of his country. W rite a letter accepting
his invitation and choose two places you would
like to go to and explain why.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
• T hank you so m uch for your invitation to stay with
you for a week in July.
• I’d really enjoy spending some tim e there.
• I expect what the weather will be... so 1 hope we can...
• Would you like me to bring anything for you?
■ I would like to bring som ething special for you and
your family.
• T hanks again for the invitation.
•
•
•
•
•
Pd love to com e.
T h an k s for the kind invitation.
I c a n ’t wait to see...
I’d choose...
I’m sorry I haven’t w ritten for m onths, but
I have had som e personal problems.
• It’s really good news th at you...
• C ongratulations!
IX. LISTENING
23 Match these words with their definitions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
a lintel
a sun eclipse
the w inter solstice
the sum m er solstice
a.
b.
c.
d.
the longest day o f the year
the shortest day o f the year
the m om ent when the sun cannot be seen
a horizontal beam
59
—
U n it 4 . Geography being destiny
24 Listen to the first part of the text about Stonehenge and choose the right answer.
1.
W hat is Stonehenge?
a) A 5,000-year-old wheel.
b) A set o f ancient stone statues.
c) A set o f giant stones arranged
in concentric circles.
2. Which is true about the blocks of
sandstone?
a) T he blocks were m ade o f cem ent.
b) They were brought on the site on
lorries.
c) T hey might have been brought from
the north o f England.
3.
a) It was
b) It was
taken
c) It was
5.
a place o f an ancient settlem ent.
a place where sick people were
care of.
a place to bury people.
Why is Stonehenge so mysterious?
a) A rchaeologists still cannot read the
m arkings on the stones.
b) Little is known about how and why
the m onum ent was built.
c) Scholars have not been allowed to study
the stones.
W here is the Heel Stone situated?
a) In th e centre o f the structure.
b) In one o f the circles.
c) A part from the central group o f stones.
25
4 . Which theory is not true about
Stonehenge?
6. Which picture shows w hat Stonehenge
looks like from above?
a) b) c)
Listen to the second part of the text about the special o ffe r of how and when you can visit Stonehenge
and fill in the gaps.
1.
You have an opportunity to visit Stonehenge not only in the daytim e but a l s o _________________
2.
Since m any tourists want to get to the in n er stones, it is advisable to _______________________ in
advance.
Each visit lasts ______________ m inutes.
N o m ore than _________________people can be in the group visiting the inner stones.
You need a special perm ission to ___________________________________ .
T he visitors at special hours cannot be provided with __________________ , but they can order
guidebooks.
Visitors should rem em ber that ___________________________ and catering outlet are closed.
Visits to the inner stones are not available on _______________or ________________ m ornings all
the year round.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
60
U n it 4 .
G
X. TRANSLATION
Translate into English.
1.
2.
3.
П овна н азва к р а їн и — С получен е
К о р о л івство В еликої Б р и тан ії га
П ів н іч н о ї Ірлан дії. Ч отири кр аїн и
утворюють С п о л уч ен е К о рол івство —
А н гл ія, Уельс, Ш отл ан дія та П івн іч н а
Ір л ан д ія. Б ільш а части н а А н гл ії
с к л а д а єт ь ся з долин, з н евели кою
гірською місцевістю на п ів н іч н о м у
заході. Уельс, ст о л и ц я як о го К ардіф .
р о зташ о в а н и й на заході, і й ого узбе­
реж жя о м и в аєтьс я Ірл ан д ськи м м о­
рем. Й ого р ел ь єф більш гір ськ и й , ніж
в А н глії. Ш о тл ан дія ск л ад аєть ся
з двох дуж е несхожих районів, відом их
як Шотландське нагір'я та Шотландська
низовина. Пересічена місцевість
н агір'я малонаселена. Н и зовин а —
район, де мешкає б іл ь ш ість н асе л е н ­
н я Ш отлан дії. П ів н іч н а Ірлан д ія,
сто л и ц ею я к о ї є Белф аст, — п аго р и ­
сти й район з видовищними долинами,
ідилічною сільською місцевістю та дики­
ми болотами.
На к л ім а т С п о л уч ен ого К орол івства
впливають теп л и й атлантичний
Гольфстрім та холодні м оря н авкол о
нього. Це робить погоду як непередбачуваною. так і мінливою. П огода на
Б ри тан ськи х о стровах різниться
в р ізн и х ч асти н ах к р а їн и , але в цілом у
к лім ат м ож на ви зн ач и ти я к морський
помірний. Непередбачуваність б р и та н ­
ської погоди — популярна тема для
бесід, ж ар тів і ан ек д о тів та зм уш ує
б р и т а н ц ів н асо л од ж увати ся кож ни м
періодом (spell/ snap) теплої та сонячної
погоди.
М ож ли во, Л он дон має н ай біл ьш
відом і п а м ’я т к и , ал е сам е п ри род н а
краса та р ізн о м ан ітн ість б р и тан ськ о ї
сіл ьсько ї м ісц ев о сті збуджують почуття
відсутності часу та спокою. Ідилічні села
з істо р и ч н и м и п абам и , н ев ел и к и м и
к р а м н и ц я м и та мальовничими котед-
жами є в різн и х рай он ах к р а їн и . В А н гл ії
ви будете захоп лю вати ся безперервними
краєвидами огороджених зелених полів;
в Уельсі та Ш отл ан д ії вас зачарую ть
немов намальовані на листівках села на
незайманому узбережжі, покритому велич­
ними горами та лісами. Д еяк і села пиша­
ються чудови м и м узеям и старовинних
автівок, іграш ок та ін ш и х диковинок.
Ми в и р іш и л и п р о вести в и х ід н і у м а ­
л ен ьк о м у прибережному містечку на
п ів д н і А н гл ії. М и ход и л и м істом , з а ­
хоп лю ю ч и сь дивовижною набережною
з чарівними каф е, м а л е н ь к и м и к р а м ­
н и ц я м и та п аса ж ам и . Причал — ч у д о ­
ве м ісце, ш об н асо л о д ж у в ати сь захо­
плюючими видами м оря, ч о в н ів у бухті та
д о вго ї л ін ії узбережжя з п іщ а н и м и пля­
жами. П ісля обіду у м ісц евом у пабі ми
в зял и н а п р о к а т вел оси п ед и . Це було
фантастичне місце для їзди на велосипеді
з нескінченими милями ґрунтових доріг,
вільних від руху транспорту'.
Історія заселення острова Ульва
п о ч и н ається з д о істо р и ч н и х часів. Він
р о зташ о в а н и й на захід від Ш отл ан д ії та
відомий мальовничістю свого ландшафту.
П ро його геологію, давню і сучасну історію
та природу можна розповідати чарівні
історії. О стрів так ож відом и й дивовижни­
ми. схож им и на колони кручами, які н а­
зи ваю ться «зам кам и » та розташ ован і на
п івн ічн ом у узбереж ж і. Хоча вели ка ч а ­
сти н а о строва не має рослинності, у тій
ч асти н і, щ о вкрита лісом, є багато видів
дерев, вклю чаю чи сосну, берест, к а ш ­
тан, три види дуба, ч отири види виш ні та
інш і ф руктові дерева. Цей о стр ів багатий
на історію та дивовижні пейзажі, які за­
войовують серця та душі всіх відвідувачів.
Це чудовий незайманий світ, який ані
змінявся, ані був пошкоджений протягом
століть.
IfllM
J
m
LII
I. LEAD-IN
'j
GOD MADE
THE COUNTRY
AND MAN
MADE THE
TOWN
ЯШШ
Look at the photos of a few towns and cities in the UK. Use the phrases and inform ation in the box
to talk about them .
is widely recognized
as the birthplace o f the T itanic
Canterbury
is associated with
Europe's youngest capital
Bath
is famous for
its natural hot springs and its old Rom an baths
Belfast
is known a s/ for
the legend o f Robin Hood
Cardiff
being once the capital o f a Viking kingdom
the birthplace o f The Beatles
Nottingham
the key location for the Church o f England
Liverpool
i i ■II If1!. ii)■
II1 я*?
»
и .•
Ai ” T
Canterbury
C ardiff
62
"
ill
Both
Belfast
York
Nottingham
U n it 5 . God made the country and man made the town —
II. VOCABULARY
O
• a m etropolis
• a city
• in the city centre
(B r E) = in the
downtown
(Am E)
• (the) in n er city
• a town
2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a suburb
suburban
suburbia
out-of-tow n
on the outskirts o f
to be in town
to be out o f town
a built-up area
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Can we always call a state's capital
a metropolis?
How large should a village be to become
a town and how large should a town be to be
given a city status?
Is there a feeling of spacc in a built-up area?
Is the inner city a comfortable place to live?
Where do you think the British prefer to live:
in the suburbs or in the centre of a city? How
does this affect people’s lifestyle?
M atch the types o f tow ns w ith th e ir defin ition s.
1. a university
town
2. a boom town
3. a new town
(Br E)
4. a com pany town
5. a dorm itory
town (Br E) =
= bedroom
com m unity/
bedroom suburb
(Am E)
6. a shanty town
7. a twin town
8. a ghost town
9. a market town
(Br E)
10. o n e’s hom e
town
a) a town that people live in and from where they travel to work in a bigger
town o r city
b) a town or city where most o f the people work for one com pany, which
supports the whole econom y o f the area
c) an area in or near a town (especially on the edge o f a big city) where
very poor people live in sm all houses, built o f pieces o f wood, m etal and
cardboard
d) a town that used to be busy and have a lot o f people living in it. but is
now em pty
e) one o f two towns in different countries that have a special relationship
with each other
0 one of the complete towns that were planned and built in Britain after 1946
g) a town th at has becom e rich and successful because trade and industry
has developed there
h) a town where there is an o utdoor m arket, usually once or twice a week
i) a com m unity which is dom inated by its university population and the
econom y o f w hich is essentially dependent on the university students and
staff
j) the place where you were born and spent your childhood
Translate the sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
I'll be in town next week if you want to m eet.
H cnrv m arried a girl from out o f tow n, and it was difficult for her to get used to the farm life.
The gossips finally drove Kitty out o f town, and she decided to look for a better life in a big city.
Recently a lot o f people have moved from city centres to suburbs or dorm itory towns.
T he British new towns, such as M ilton Keynes, are looked on as one o f the m ajor achievem ents
o f post-w ar planning.
The m unicipal authorities had to solve the inner-city problems: traffic congestion, substandard
housing in th e slum s, a high crim e rate and others.
T he only rem aining obstacles are located at W ester H ailes, a residential developm ent on
the w estern outskirts o f Edinburgh.
Linda grew up in an apartm ent in a cosm opolitan district o f M anchester.
T he w eather is glorious, so we trot through the suburban roads and leafy lanes, and find
a hith erto undiscovered park.
Jane works for a law firm in downtown M anhattan and getting to work, she is always stuck
in traffic jam s.
63
—
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the to w n -----------------------
III. READING
Cj
Read the text and answer the questions supporting your answers with the facts from the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
W hat theory as to the origin o f the nam e o f L ondon is m entioned in the text?
How was the place for the settlem ent chosen?
W hat do you know about the history o f London Bridge?
W hat geographical, m eteorological and political conditions influenced the direction in which
London districts developed?
Is L ondon sym m etrically planned? W hy did it happen?
W hich o th er cities used to be the most prom inent in the course o f English history?
W hy has London won suprem acy in the last thousand years?
London: Some Glimpses of History
5
10
15
2#
25
3()
35
W hen the R om ans invaded Britain in the
first century, the London area contained a few
ancient British settlem ents. Some scholars claim
that the nam e London dates back to one o f these,
L lvn-dyn, which in Celtic m eant "a fortified
hill near the river.” T he R om ans changed it to
L ondinium and m ade it an im portant town.
T he plan o f the City o f London rem ains broadly
Rom an, nestling next to the T ham es, and
roughly skirted by its Rom an Wall built around
A D 200. It is interesting to know that it was
m ade o f the sam e stone from Kent that was later
used on St Paul’s C athedral and the Tower of
London.
L ondinium was settled at the most easterly
fordable (the narrowest and shallowest) point o f
the river before it grew too wide: a point where
the ride can bring ships forty m iles inland. T hat
lowest fordable spot on the T ham es was where
the R om ans built the first London Bridge out of
wood. R om an L ondon's road network revolved
round the bridge which was later rebuilt by the
N orm ans in stone in the 12th century. It was
replaced again in the 19Ih century by the bridge
that was dem olished in 1971 and sold to A rizona
where you can see it nowadays.
It’s telling that the R om ans chose the
north, less m arshy river bank as the basis for
L ondinium ; the area that still roughly m arks
the square m ile o f the City o f London. The
m arshiness o f the south b an k explains why
the north was settled first; and why the m ajor
adm inistrative and com m ercial areas o f the
city were founded there. It also explains why
south o f London has been unfashionable for
centuries. T he n orth -so u th divide also explains
64
why the m ajority o f the city ’s grandest buildings
with the oldest origins — W estm inster Abbey,
the Houses o f Parliam ent, St Paul’s C athedral
am ong them — are on the north bank o f the 40
T ham es. Note that this divide is opposite to the
well-know n N orth-S outh divide o f the UK —
the perceived econom ic and cultural differences
between Southern England and the rest o f G reat
Britain which has been far less developed.
45
L ondon’s significant political, religious and
com m ercial buildings arc still on the river bank or
near it. And most royal palaces are on or close to
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the to\
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
the river: H am pton C ourt, W indsor, W hitehall,
Buckingham Palace etc.
After the G reat Fire o f London, which
happened in 1666. the rows o f new terraced
houses m igrated west from the City o f London —
the natural direction for prosperity to spread
since the prevailing wind blew to the east. In the
seventeenth century, at the lim e o f a declining
royal court and an increasingly powerful
Parliam ent, new developments weni up in and
around W estminster.
Symm etrical tow n-planning isn't a naturally
English thing. London, like the majority o f
other English cities, looks less impressive from
the air — no grand avenues, no pleasing grandscale geometry. But on the ground, at eye-level,
it presents more surprises — more curves, more
side streets, alleys, dead ends. The taste for
natural development has trium phed over more
sym m etrical projects.
A fter the heavy bom bardm ent o f the City
du rin g the Second World W ar. a new financial
centre o f concrete, steel an d glass skyscrapers
was erecicd over the next sixty years — but
still on the medieval plan. Buildings have been
getting higher due to planning restrictions in
old cities (cities can n o t expand outw ards) and
the race in show -off high-rise, high density
developm ents. The London horizon is now
do m in ated by skyscrapers.
Before W illiam the C onqueror invaded the
island. London was neither the formal nor the
inform al capital o f England. C anterbury was the
religious capital, W inchester the secular one. It
was only in the eleventh century that London
becam e first the inform al capital o f England, as
the co u n try 's biggest, richest city, and then the
formal one.
In the last thousand years. L ondon’s suprem acy
over the rest o f England has only intensified. One
can now speak about London and N ot-L ondon
division o f Britain. London has becom e a place 90
o f attraction for the young and the talented,
sucking them away from o th er English cities;
and for im m igrants too, who think o f England
as London. L ondon is now an international city
draw ing in the super-rich: m ore than h alf the 95
hom es sold in London in 2010 for one m illion or
m ore were sold to foreign buyers.
tow n
id ma
5. God made the
Find in the text the three divisions the author speaks about. Explain what he means by each of them.
Find in the text words and collocations opposite in meaning to the following ones.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
to.
to destroy
m odern
scarcely populated
dry (about som e ground)
tiny
religious
m inority
poverty
a through street
developing
M atch the words to form collocations and translate the sentences.
A)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
high
fordable
com m ercial
svm m etrical
road
ancient
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
area
tow n-planning
settlem ent
spot
density
network
В)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
66
Я к н ай більш е і н ай багатш е м істо у к р а їн і, Л ондон
п о сту п о во став її н ео ф іц ій н о ю столицею .
П р отягом багатьох сто л іть б о л о ти сти й п ів д е н н и й беріг ріки Темзи вваж ається менш
п р е с т и ж н и м , н іж п ів н іч н і р ай он и Л он дон а.
Л о н до н ське Сіті було сп л ан о в ан о стар о д авн ім и р и м л я н а м и і досі зал и ш а єть ся се р е д н ь о ­
вічним за своїм п л а н у в а н н я м .
О скіл ьки вітер переваж но віяв на схід, зам ож ні лю ди будували свої о со б н як и та буди н ки
р яд н о ї забудови на заході від Сіті.
В елика пожеж а Л он дон у і б о м б ар д у ван н я під час Д ругої світової війн и зав д ал и суттєвої
ш коди м іськи м б уд івл ям , але нові архітек турн і ш едеври з’яв и л и с я потому.
Хоча о б м еж ен н я на забудівлю п ереш код ж ал о р о зв и тк у міста в ш и р , Л он дон п огли н ув
ч и м ал о сусідніх сел и ш і м істечок, і зараз до нього звертаю ться я к В ели ки й Л ондон.
С ьогод н і Л ондон ви х в ал я єть ся н и зк о ю п оказови х ви со тн и х б у д и н к ів зі ск л а і бетону.
U n it 5 . God made the country and man made the town
IV. SPEAKING
Project work
Choose Your London
People can discover London in d ifferent ways depending on their aims, age, interests, tim e and
money budgets etc. If you w ere lucky to plan a day in London, what kind of London would you like
to see? Choose one of the options and describe your day in London giving grounds for your choice.
Use the following guidelines:
1)
2)
3)
where to spend your m orning
what to do after lunch
what are the options for evening activities
4)
5)
6)
what to do for late-night culture lovers
som e tips for eating out
transport to use
Royal Day Out (live like royalty with a regal day out)
Family London (L ondon for kids)
Classic London (L o n d o n ’s iconic attractions)
Budget London (a day out with free activities and cheap eats)
Literary London (Literary Day Out: Peter Pan Day Out. Sherlock Holmes London. H arry Potter’s
London)
Luxury London (L uxury lovers will adore London's wealth o f indulgent delights)
Here is a list of the most popular attractions in London which will help you to plan your itinerary.
L ondon Eye
T he Tower o f London
Tower Bridge Exhibition
B uckingham Palacc
T he House o f Parliam ent
W estm inster Abbey
W indsor C astle
H am pton C o u rt Palace
K ensington Palace
St Paul’s C athedral
Shakespeare’s G lobe T heatre
L ondon dungeon
L ondon zoo
L ondon aquarium
G reat O rm ond Street Hospital
Museums and Art Galleries (the National
Gallery, the National History Museum,
the British Museum, the Tate Gallery o f M odern
Art, the M aritime Museum Greenwich, Madame
Tussaud’s Museum, the Sherlock Holmes
Museum, the Victoria & Albert Museum)
London parks and gardens (Hyde Park,
R egent's Park, St. Jam es’s Park. H am pstead
H eath. Victoria Park, Battersea Park.
K ensington G ardens, Holland Park.
R ichm ond Park)
T heatres: the Lyceum theatre, the Royal
O pera House (Covenl G arden), the Duke
o f York Theatre
W arner Brothers Studio Tour
Fam ous departm ent stores: H arrods. Hamleys
Toy Shop. Harvey Nichols
Places to eat: Peter P an’s cafe, S im pson's-inthe-S trand restaurant, M cD onald's
67
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town
V. LISTENING ■ • № ]
10 Listen to the text about Oxford
and say if
the following statem ents are true or false or
information is not stated in the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
O xford's population is quickly increasing.
T he city's population contains a very
lim ited num ber o f people from different
parts o f the world.
Oxford is famous for its plane building plants.
Oxford University Press is the only
publishing house in the city.
Oxford University dates back
to the I4lh century.
Oxford University is the largest in the
E nglish-speaking world.
T he variety o f architecture in the town
reflects its history.
The city was not ruined during World War II.
Ш
Ш
Ш
Ш
Listen to the text again and com plete the following sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A great m any people have been com ing to Oxford to work f r o m ____________________
T he m ain car production site is lo c a te d _______________________ .
It is the University that brought about m a n y _____________________ based businesses.
The speaker describes the architecture of Oxford university buildings a s ______________
A fter th e w ar H itler planned to make Oxford h i s _______________________ .
VI. READING
12
Read the text and explain the highlighted phrases in your own words.
Edinburgh: Scotland’s Capital City
Edinburgh is (he jewel in the crow'ii o f Scotland.
It has several thousand buildings that are officially
protected because o f their architectural or historic
im portance — more than any other city outside
5 L ondon. It is also one o f the oldest continuously
:!
inhabited places in northern Europe. T he archeological
evidence certifies th at people o f the Bronze Age lived
in the place.
T h e origin o f the city nam e is not clear yet, but
ID h isto rians agree that the city began around th e C astle
Rock. At first it was a sm all fortified settlem ent, then
• a castle w hich was the hom e o f S cottish kings. It was
’
often captured by enem ies, dem olished but then it
rose again. In one o f die room s there M ary, Q ueen
of Scots, gave birth to James, future King of Scotland IS
and England. The Scottish Regalia — the crown,
scepter and sword of state — are on view in the Crown
room.
Holyrood is the official residence of Her Majesty
the Queen in Edinburgh, and is so used when the 20
Queen or some other members of the royal family
visit the Scottish capital. For that reason the palace
may be closed to the public for a number of weeks in
summer, but otherwise Holyrood is usually open to
visitors.
25
Adjacent to the palace stands the ruin of Holyrood
Abbey, whose history spans nearly 900 years. The
abbey played a prominent ro|e in the religious life of
U n it 5 . God made the
the co untry, and a num ber o f Scottish m onarchs were
b o rn , m arried, crow ned, and buried there.
T he two royal residences — th e C astle and H olyrood
Palace — are united by a set o f streets called the Royal
M ile. M useum s, churches, fine town houses o f the
nobility, stalls, taverns. — you can find every tourist
attraction here. People o f Edinburgh are proud o f the
fact so much that is w orth being preserved has survived
while other cities have bulldozed much o f their heritage.
T he Royal M ile boasts o f several m useum s that are
really w orth visiting. O ne o f them is the W riters’
M useum , w hich is a treasure-house o f items relating to
j/jJ li the Scottish outstanding w riters Robert Burns, Sir
W alter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson. A nother is
the unique M useum o f C hildhood, opened in 1955 as
45 the first m useum in the world o f this kind. Now its five
floors are filled with childhood toys and other objects
co n n ected with children's life from about 4 centuries.
T here is also H untly H ouse M useum , a typical 16th
I t century house, packed with collections relating to
‘ti E dinburgh past: social history, silver, glass, pottery and
shop signs. T he People’s Story is an unusual m useum
w hich tells the story o f ordinary people o f Edinburgh,
from (he 18th century to the present day.
Edinburgh is often called (he northern intellectual
capital o f G reat Britain. There are three universities in
the city, the oldest o f which — the University o f
Edinburgh dates from 1583. A lot o f famous scientists,
inventors, painters and writers are Edinburghers. Among
ihem Adam Smith who founded the science o f political
|
jntry and man made the towr
economy. David Hume, (he philosopher and historian.
Alexander Bell, inventor of (he telephone, James
Maxwell, one o f the world most famous physicists,
W illiam Playfair, architect, whose buildings helped (he
ci(y to earn its label — "th e Athens o f the N orth," 65
Sir A rthur C onan Doyle, the creator o f Sherlock
Holmes, Muriel Spark, the world famous writer. Sean
Connery, (he actor, whose nam e will always be associared
wi(h fictional secret agent Jam es Bond.
Few cities offer m ore (ourist a(trac(ions th an those 70
w hich E dinburgh people know, appreciate and are
proud of.
13 Choose the right answer.
1.
2.
E dinburgh dates back to...
a. the N o rm an castle, h. Celtic w arriors, c. Scottish clans, d. Bronze Age settlem ents.
E dinburg is considered to be one o f the...
a. biggest cities in northern Europe, b. best-planned cities in northern Europe, c. most
industrially developed cities in n o rth ern Europe, d. oldest cities in northern Europe.
3.
T he Scottish regalia...
a. are exhibited at W estm inster Abbey, b. all belonged to Mary. Q ueen o f Scots.
c. are kept at the Castle, d. are hidden som ewhere.
4.
T he Q ueen’s Palace, H olyrood, is open to public...
a. all year round, b. only in spring and winter, c. all year but for some tim e in sum m er.
d. for several weeks in sum m er.
5.
T he Royal M ile is...
a. a street, b. a district,
6.
c. a m useum ,
d. Her M ajesty’s Park.
W hich m useum boasts o f being the pioneer o f its kind?
a. T he M useum o f C hildhood, b. T he People’s Story M useum ,
d. Huntly H ouse M useum .
c. The W riters’ M useum ,
69
>. h
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town
Find the words and phrases in the te x t that are synonymous to the following ones.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
to destroy
an area where people live
to be exhibited
an ensem ble formed by several neigbouring
streets
nearby, close to
6.
7.
8.
9.
to evaluate positively
to have a good feature the area can be
proud of
to continue for a certain period o f tim e
im portant and valuable things th at have
been in a society for a long tim e
VII. SPEAKING
15
Look at the photos of some famous people.
Some of their names are mentioned in the text. Find some more information about these people. Say
what they are famous for and how they are connected with Edinburgh. Summarize the information
about each of them in 5 —7 sentences.
Andrew BelI
Robert Louis Stevenson
Adam Smith
Sean Connery
Joanne Rowling
James Clerk M axwell
A rthur Conan Doyle
Walter Scott
M uriel Spark
----------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town —
VIII. VOCABULARY
16 Choose the correct word and fill in the gaps
in the sentences.
HISTORIC - HISTORICAL
1.
In his book, W inston C hurchill describes
h i s ______________ m eeting w ith the then
President o f the U nited States, F ranklin
D elano Roosevelt.
2.
To understand the author's message,
it is im p o rtan t to look at the novel in its
______________ context.
3.
T he Q u een ’s decision to pay incom e tax
was a ______________ decision in the life
o f the contem porary British society.
4.
Scientists are still arguing if K ing A rth u r
was a r e a l ______________ figure.
5.
Founded in 1884, the A m erican
______________ A ssociation encom passes
e v e ry ______________ period and
geographical area and serves professional
historians in all areas o f em ploym ent.
6.
V alentina Tereshkova, the first wom an
cosm onaut, started h e r ______________
Ilight into space on June 16, 1963 and
safely returned from her th ree -d ay m ission
on June 19.
______________ fiction is currently enjoying
a trem endous renaissance, both in term s of
literary and com m ercial recognition.
8.
In o u r hom e library, there was som ething
to suit everyone: Loo Tolstoy, Ernest
H em ingw ay and T hom as Hardy, thrillers
and spy s to r ie s ,______________ novels
and light rom ances.
ECONOMIC - ECONOMICAL
1.
Slow
__________ growth and low
consum er spending affected sales last
year.
I’d like to buy a ca r th at is more
______________ on petrol.
conditions,
3.
In the c u r r e n t___________
we m ust keep costs down.
4.
In his acceptance speech, the new Nobel
L aureate said that the G overnm ent’s
______________ policy was dam aging
business in the north-east o f the country.
5.
person. He
T im ’s a very
always looks around for the best buys.
6.
We have a very
heating
system , so the bills aren ’t to o high.
7.
Investors are holding out from M exican
stocks until they see clear signs o f an
recovery.
8.
It’s more
to buy the big
packet — it’s only 50p more than the
sm all one.
It is believed that the tax breaks will
s tim u la te ______________ activity in the
country.
71
U n it 5 . God made the country and man made the town
17 Translate into English.
1.
2.
Це університетське містечко може пиша­
тися б агатьм а історичними пам'ятками.
як і до п о м огли йом у завою вати ім’я
найбільш відомого культурного центру
країни. Я к б удь-яке інш е давнє місто,
во н о не мас симетричного плануван­
ня. його звиви сті вулички та провул­
ки створю ю ть чарівн і р ай о н и , я к и м и
м ож на м и л увати ся. П ро це м істо мож­
н а п р о чи тати в багатьох історичних
кн и гах .
Швидко зростаюче місто — це н асе­
л е н и й п у н кт, я к и й відчуває ш ви д ­
к и й зріст н асе л е н н я та економіки.
Ч и н н и к а м и у сп іш н о го зр о ста н н я є
б л и зь к ість (proxim ity) до мегаполісу т а /
або п р и р о д н и х ресурсів. Іноді через
ек о н о м іч н и й зан еп ад н а се л е н н я може
п о к и н у ти м істо і воно п еретворю ється
на міето-примару.
Д еяк і л ю д и вваж аю ть за кращ е ж и ти
у центрі міста, щ об бути б ли ж ч е до
м ісц я, де вони п рац ю ю ть, але ін ш и м
подобається ж и ти у спальних райо­
нах, де є ком ф ортн е та зати ш н е с е р е ­
дови щ е, та їзд и ти кож н ого д н я на р о ­
боту. На щ астя, д л я поїздок є економні
п р о п о зи ц ії.
4.
С им волом торговельного міста у Вел и к і й
Б р и тан ії є ри н ок . Торговельні міста ч а­
сто в и ростал и побли зу укріплених посе­
лень, щ об мати їх н ій захист. С ьогодн і
це чудові історичні м ісця з відом и м и ту­
ристичними пам’ятками. їх т р а д и ц ій н а
атм осф ера та п о віл ь н и й ритм ж и ття
в ід р ізн яє їх від в ел и к и х міст, де пану­
ють хмарочоси.
5.
Мегаполіс — вел и ке м істо, яке є важ ­
ливим
економічним,
п о л іти ч н и м
та
кул ьтурн и м
ц ен тром
к р а їн и .
У С п ол уч ен ом у К ор о л ів ств і мегаполіси
є багатонаціональними та створю ю ть
н ай біл ьш щільно заселені райони.
----------------------- U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town —
IX. READING AND LISTENING ■
■
■
■
■
■
§
18 F iv e
s e n t e n c e s h a v e b e e n r e m o v e d f r o m t h e t e x t . C h o o s e f r o m t h e o p t i o n s A—G t h e o n e w h i c h f i t s
e a c h g a p . T h e re a r e tw o e x tr a s e n t e n c e s you d o n o t n e e d to u s e .
A. Liverpool is noted for its rich architectural heritage.
B. T he city won the European C apital o f C ulture title in 2008.
C. T he city ’s expansion was largely brought about by its being a m ajor port.
D. T he city enterprises are m ainly concentrated in the suburbs.
E. Liverpool is also well known for its inventions and innovations.
F. Liverpool’s status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population drawn from a wide range
o f peoples, cultures and religions.
G. Due to all this the city is often referred to as a twin city o f New York.
Liverpool
Liverpool, located on the Liverpool Bay o f the Irish Sea, has always been described as having the
m ost splendid setting o f any English city. It was founded in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880.
It is the fourth most populous British city.
(1 )
By the 18th century, trade from
the West Indies, Ireland and m ainland Europe, coupled with the A tlantic slave trade, furthered the
econom ic expansion o f Liverpool. But Liverpool’s really golden days were m uch later, in the nineteenth
and early tw entieth century, when 40% o f the world's trade passed through Liverpool’s docks.
(2)
Im m igrants from Ireland
were particularly num erous. T he city is also hom e to the oldest Black A frican com m unity in the
country and the oldest C hinese com m unity in Europe. T he Inhab itan ts o f Liverpool are referred to as
Liverpudlians but arc also colloquially known as “ Scousers,” in reference to the local dish known as
“scouse,” a form o f stew. T he word “ Scouse” has also becom e synonym ous with the Liverpool accent
and dialect.
(3 )
T here is
a considerable variety o f architectural styles found w ithin the city, ranging from the 16th century
Tudor buildings to m odern-day contem porary architecture. As early as 1851 the city was described
as “th e New York o f E urope’’ due to the skyscrapers that appeared in Liverpool. Several areas o f the
city centre including m any o f the m ost fam ous landm arks, were granted World Heritage Site status byU N E SC O .
(4 )
Railways,
tran satlan tic steam ships, m unicipal tram s, electric trains were all pioneered in Liverpool, together
with the first societies for anim al and child protection, the first schools for the blind, for w orking­
m en, and for girls. The first British Nobel Prize was awarded in 1902 to Ronald Ross, p rofessoral the
School o f Tropical M edicine, the first school o f its kind in the world.
(5 )
C apitalising on the popularity o f 1960s rock groups, such as T he Beatles, as well as the city’s worldclass art galleries, m useum s and landm arks, tourism has also becom e a significant factor in Liverpool’s
economy. Labelled the World C apital City o f Pop. m usicians o f Liverpool origin have produced more
hits than any other. Liverpool is also hom e to the U K ’s oldest surviving classical orchestra, the Royal
Liverpool P h ilh arm onic O rchestra, as well as the oldest surviving repertory theatre, the Liverpool
Playhouse. The Liverpool Biennial festival o f arts runs from m id-S eptem ber to late Novem ber and
com prises th ree m ain sections: the International, The independents and New C ontem poraries.
73
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town
19 Read the introduction to the interview you are going to hear and discuss the following questions.
1.
2.
What possible advantages and disadvantages are there for the inhabitants of the city chosen to be
The European Capital of Culture?
Do you think your city would make a good Capital of Culture? Why? Why not?
T he European Capital of Culture is a city
chosen by th e European Union for a period o f
one calendar year during which the city organises
a series o f cultural events w ith a strong European
spirit. Preparing a European C apital o f C ulture
can be an o p p o rtu n ity for the city to change
the city ’s im age and raise its popularity on the
international scene. Various cultural events
arranged th roughout the year attract a lot o f
tourists and “open up" the city to the European
com m unity.
Athens — 1985
In 1985, the former actress Melina Mercouri,
the then Greece’s Minister of Culture, and her
French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the
idea of designating an annual Capital o f Culture
to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting
the richness and diversity o f European cultures and
raising awareness of their common history and values.
More than 40 cities have been designated so far. Being
Capital o f Culture helped those cities to develop their
cultural side, and transformed many o f them as it led
to improving their economic and social conditions.
Melina Mercouri
Jack Lang
Riga — 2014
20 Listen to the interviews and decide if these statem ents are true or false.
............—r
1
The first speaker thinks local businesses will not be able to take advantage of the
increase in tourism in 2008.
2
The cost of houses has increased since Liverpool was named Capital of Culture.
3
The second speaker is looking forward to a chance to party.
4
Hollywood companies are going to shoot films in Liverpool during the year.
5
There is already a lot of construction work in the centre of the city.
6
The last speaker thinks tbat people have been feeling much more positive since
Liverpool was chosen as Capital of Culture.
7
Listeners will shortly be able to hear one of the people in charge of the cultural
programme for 2008 speak on the radio.
.................
..........
74
........« Д
ilii LiL
---------------------------------------------------
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town —
Read the text about the im pact th a t the Culture Capital title had on the life of Liverpool. Fill in the
gaps with prepositions: at, beyond (*2 ), for, from , of (><2), on (*2 ), to (*2 ), with.
I f you try to analyse the social, econom ic and
cultural im pact o f the 2008 title o f the European
C ulture C apital, you will find that the festival year
saw 9.7 m visitors ( 1 ) ______ the city, an increase
( 2 ) _____ 34%. and allowed businesses in the city
to earn £753.8 m. M edia coverage o f Liverpool’s
cultural attractio n s doubled and (3) _______ the
first tim e in decades, positive stories outweighed
negative ones focusing ( 4 ) _______ social issues.
85% o f Liverpool residents agree that it is a better
place to live th an before.
Until 2008. general opinion o f Liverpool was
formed by very dated images o f the city, which
ranged (5) ______ positive but fixed associations
(6)
the Beatles in the 1960s
(7)
more negative views o f social problem s
(from unem ploym ent to low incom e and poor
health) in the 1980s, and finally Liverpool F.C.
(Football Club) victories in the 1990s. T he
festival year presented a richer picture o f the city
as a m odern place with a vibrant cultural life that
reaches far (8) ______music and football.
Since the festival year, there has been a 10%
rise each year in arts audiences across Liverpool,
and higher levels (9) ______ interest in m useum s
and galleries. Visitor num bers (10) _______ the
seven largest attractions peaked at 5.5 m illion in
2008. T hroughout that year, 99% o f the tourists
said they liked the general atm osphere and 97%
felt welcome.
By late 2008. it becam e obvious to everyone
that the positive change had spread (11) _____the
city centre and had had an im pact (12) _____ faroff neighbourhoods and ordinary people.
LiwrpMJKis!
EUROPEAN
CAPITAL
OF
CULTURE
22 What do the numbers m entioned in the te x t refer to?
1.
2.
3.
1960s;
10%;
2008;
4.
5.
6.
9.7 m illion;
85%;
1980s;
7.
8.
5.5 m illion;
99%?
75
U n it 5. God made the country and man made the town
X. READING
2 0 Fill in the gaps w ith the necessary a rtic le s and read about a w onderful small tow n in Northern
Ireland.
Newcastle in Northern freland
Newcastle, N orthern Ireland, is ( 1 ) _____ small
town com pared to its English nam esake. Its
population is slightly over 7 thousand people.
(2) _____ seaside resort lies on (3) ______ Irish
Sea coast, and is known for its sandy beach.
(4)
nam e o f the town is thought
to derive from (5) _____ castle w hich was built
in (6) _____ late 16,h century and dem olished
in the 19th century. However, it is m entioned by
nam e o f N ew castle as early as 1433, so it is likely
that ( 7 ) _____ an o th er castle had previously stood
there.
The town’s history is poorly recorded and is held
mostly by ( 8 ) _____ local people and their stories o f
(9 )
past. There are stories o f 'the Blue Lady,'
(10)
woman abandoned by her husband
whose ghost still haunts the m ountains. Many
o f the stories are only folklore and give nam es to
(11)
num ber o f the town’s attractions.
Maggie’s Leap, for example, is an abyss nam ed after
(12 )
local girl called Maggie, who was chased
by (1 3 )_____ drunken soldiers while gathering the
eggs of nesting seagulls. To save herself she leapt
over the abyss and landed on the other side without
hurting herself or breaking (1 4 )_____ single egg.
The town is also famous for Saint Patrick’s
Stream because popular m ythology claim s that
(15).
. nearby mountains were (16).
.site where
Saint Patrick banished the snakes from Ireland.
The legend has it that there is (1 7 )_____ rock in
the stream with his hand p rint where he knelt down to
drink (1 8 )_____ water.
Many other places in (1 9 )_____ Newcastle area
get th eir nam es from o ther sources. “The Brandy
P ad,” a p ath through the m ountains, is nam ed so
because o f (20) _____ illegal brandy sm uggling
that took place through the area.
On 13 January 1843, boats from Newcastle
set out for usual fishing and were caught in
(21 )
storm . 14 boats were lost in the heavy
seas. O nly two boats survived. 76 m en perished.
46 o f them were from Newcastle. T hey left twenty
seven widows and one hundred and eighteen
children. A Public Subscription was raised and
(22 )
cottages, known as W idows' Row. were
built for (23) _____ fam ilies. (24) _____ local
song about the disaster says “ N ewcastle tow n is
one long street entirely stripped o f m en."
Now Newcastle is (25) _____ popular seaside
resort and it attracts (26) _____ visitors from
elsewhere in N orthern Ireland and from abroad. In
recent years (2 7 )_____ town has s ta rte d ______ large
Halloween festival. (28) _____ free event includes
fireworks and (29)_____ fancy dress competition.
Answer the questions using the inform ation from th e te xt.
1.
2.
3.
4.
How m any towns nam ed Newcastle are
there in G reat Britain?
How m uch is known about the history o f
Newcastle in N o rth ern Ireland?
W hose ghost is believed to appear in
the m ountains?
Was Maggy seriously injured when she
ju m p ed over the abyss?
5.
6.
7.
8.
W hat happened to serpents in Ireland
according to popular m ythology?
W hat place nam e is connected with
crim inal actions?
W hy is one o f the streets in Newcastle
know n as W idows’ Row?
How much does it cost to attend the
Halloween festival in Newcastle?
town
)u r
XI. WRITING
25 You want to
visit an English c ity / town. W rite a le tte r to a tourist agency and ask them for more
information about the place and for details of a possible tour.
зі aiU Я R V t r t lK T f l E
ASKING FOR INFORMATION
Closing remarks
Opening remarks
1am w riting lo ask for your help in...
• 1hope you d o n ’t m ind me asking for/
•
about...
• I’d be really/ terribly grateful if you could...
• 1was interested in your advertisem ent in
(where it was published) and 1would like to have further
inform ation about...
• 1would be grateful if you could send me full details of...
• C an 1request...
• Let me know
as soon as possible.
• 1look forward to receiving
• Please sen d / em ail me
the details of...
XII. REVISION TRANSLATION
2 0 T ra n s la te in to E n g lish .
Глазго — найбільш велике місто
Шотландії, яке широко відоме своєю
кульгурою. стилем та дружелюбністю
людей. Глазго пропонує поєднання
міжнародно визнаних музеїв та
галерей, чудову архітектуру, динамічне
нічне життя, фантастичні крамниці та
розмаїтість ресторанів та барів. Глазго
завоювало титул Європейського міста
культури у 1990 році. У міста є давня
репутація проведення концертів живої
музики.
Бат — ідеальне місце для чудового
економного відпочинку. Гіди пропонують
безкоштовні пішохідні екскурсії та
знайомлять з історією та архітектурою
міста. Проведіть ранок у художній галереї
Вікторія. Вхід вільний та ви можете
насолоджуватися роботами багатьох
провідних художників, починаючи
з 15 століття і до наших днів. До обіду
відвідайте дивовижне Багське абатство,
останню з великих середньовічних церков
Англії, яку варто подивитися всього за
£2,50. Бат — єдине місто в Британії, де є
природні гарячі джерела. Отож проведіть
другу половину дня, насолоджуючись
давньоримськими лазнями.
3.
4.
5.
Відносно недавня, але луже популярна туристична
пам'ятка — Лондонське око. величезне колесо
огляду. Воно було спроектоване та зведене
у 1999 році, щоб відзначити нове тисячоліття.
Це найвище колесо огляду в Європі. У пасажирів
скляних капсул чудовий панорамний вид на
Лондон. Можна чітко бачити багато відомих
пам’яток, серед яких Букінгемський налас. собор
Святого Павла та будівля Парламенту.
Подорожуючи Уельсом, відкрийте для себе чудові
жваві міста та мальовничі села північного Уельсу.
У 2012 році там навіть з'явилося нове місто; Сент
Азаф (Бі. Аяарії) став одним з найновіших і
найменших міст Великої Британії з населенням
тільки 3400 мешканців. Центром міста є славетний
собор, який вважається найменшим
англіканським собором у Сполученому
Королівстві. Кожного року місто приймає
міжнародний музичний фестиваль. Його містомпобратимом є французьке місто Бегар (Begaгd).
Обидва міста організують щорічні подорожі
з одного міста до іншого для своїх мешканців.
Белфаст є компактним містом, яким легко
пересуватися машиною або пішки. Розвиток
промисловості сприяв формуванню міста, що
також відомо як культурний центр. Доки Белфасту,
місце народження «Титаніку», треба неодмінно
подивитися. Ходячи по магазинах, не обмежуйтесь
центром міста, багато файних крамниць
розташовані по всьому місту та його околицях.
77
CROSSING
BORDERS
I. LEAD-IN
•j
Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
W hat is U kraine fam ous for? T hink about: its culture, sport, history, politics, cuisine, sights,
religion, fashion, music etc.
W hat is cultural awareness? How can it be developed? W hat can a lack o f cultural awareness lead to?
Read the definitions in the language note.
L a n g u a g e n o te :
C ultural awareness — knowledge or understanding o f culture.
A stereotype — a fixed idea or image that many people have o f a particular type o f person or thing
but which is often not true in reality. T here are cultural, gender, racial and other stereotypes.
W hat stereotypes about Ukraine are the words in the box associated with?
Shevchenko
corruption
borshch
R ussia/ Russian
horilka
roads
• ;y |
IL L
M X1aV J f c i y ([ w jL à
t*K#3L r A a - J S i
Unjumbli
ia llilrifflr.
cultural heritage
I
•
>«! J
and m atch them t<
1wKT
.
piracy
unfriendly welcome
beautiful women
narrow -m indedness
M
W ,-irr,
l*
1\
‘
, T I (: n
i
M
L
A
V
I)
p a rt/ every/ a place/ o f
2)
a country or a society/ has h ad / traditions and J
custom s/ th a t/ for m any years/ im portant
3)
disability/ ideas/ to / o p in io n s/ to listen /
a n d / o f others
4)
w ho/ disapproves/ trad itio n al/ divisions/
a p erso n / o f/ n ations/ between
5)
to falsely assum e / som eone/ c e rta in / th a t/
h a s/ qualities
11
a citizen o f the world
every nook and cranny
to stereotype som ebody
as som ebody/ som ething
You are going to hear three people talking about their attitude to typical stereotypes about
Ukraine. Note down which things from the box above they mention and anything that surprises/
amuses,/ interests you. Discuss them with other students.
Listen again and decide which speaker:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
has a fairly global view o f the world;
was enchanted by the old-fashioned custom s;
seems a bit confused about the whole issue o f cultural
identity;
is surprised by some o f the stereotypes that people have
about U kraine;
is annoyed by a com m on false assum ption;
retains a sense o f political roots.
- Match the words from column A
with words from column B to make up
collocations. More than one option is
possible.
A
to
lo
to
to
to
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
m aintain
breed
lead to
perform
break
B) Find the corresponding definition to each
collocation from (A).
1.
2.
B
a stereotype
na rrow- m i nded ness
a rite
a tradition
racism
3.
4.
5.
to arrange a cerem ony, often for religious purposes
ro be the cause o f the unfair treatm ent o f people
who belong to a different race o r violent behaviour
towards them
to destroy a fixed idea o r im age that many people
have o f a particular type o f person or th in g , which
is often not true in reality
to m ake som ebody unw illing to listen to some new
ideas or the opinions o f others
to continue, to uphold, or to keep alive very old
custom s, beliefs, o r legends
C om plete the statem ents using the collocations from (A).
T he travel w riter did her best t o _____________________________ o f the poor north and the rich
south in her latest book about this A frican country.
My extended family gets together each year t o _____________________________ this age-old
_____________________________ o f having a reunion every sum m er.
T here are a lot o f b e a u tifu l_____________________________ that the bride and the groom
_____________________________ at a traditional old-style wedding.
Poverty, inequality, exploitation and econom ic com petition can _____________________________ .
Euro 2012 attracted a lot o f tourists to U kraine and has h e lp e d _____________________________
p o p u la r_____________________________ about the country.
Prejudice and lack o f cultural aw areness, basic knowledge or experience can __________________ .
It is im p o rtan t t o ______________________________ by celebrating holidays and preserving custom s
o f the country you live in or belong to.
79
U n it 6 . Crossing b o rd e rs----------------------------------------------------
III. READING
C ultures Grow on the V ine o f Tradition
0
Read the text and explain the highlighted phrases.
5
to
15
2«
25
O ne o f the ways to get to know people o f any
co u n try better is to learn about their ancient
rituals and rites, their beliefs and superstitions.
T h is cultural heritage and the com m on language
unite people into a nation and help understand
not just th eir historical past but ever changing
present as well.
T he U k rainians have always been a very
hospitable people. Even in the distant past they
welcomed their guests with bread and salt placed
on an em broidered towel. T his tradition has
survived up to now,
T he U k rainians have had an acute sense o f
unity with the soil, sky, Universe. For example,
Kupala celebrations date from very ancient
pagan tim es. The holiday is celebrated on the
eve o f July. 7. It is connected with the date o f the
sum m er solstice when the night is very dark and
mysterious. M agnificent fairy-tale landscapes
serve as a proper background for magic rites,
songs, ch an ts and all kinds o f fortune-telling.
At night b o n fire s b u rn , ritual songs are
sung, young w om en w earing flow er w reaths
and b rig h t-co lo u red ribbons sing an d d ance
barefoot in a ring. T h en they go through the
ritual o f th ro w in g th e ir w reaths into a stream
try in g to guess what the future has in store for
them by o b serving th e flo atin g w reaths with
can d les fixed on them . T he girl w hose w reath
80
floats d o w nstream quickest o f all is to be
m arried the first. T h e sin k in g w reath m eans
no w edding.
T he particip an ts o f the rituals also try to
ju m p over a b u rn in g bonfire, which is believed
to cleanse both body and soul. T he highest
jum per is the luckiest. If a couple in love fails
to com plete a ju m p while holding th eir hands,
it is a sure sign o f th e ir destined separation.
M others can burn the sh irts o f th eir sick
children in those bonfires hoping to put an end
to aw ful diseases.
M yths about Ivan Kupala night resemble
the ritual practices o f o ther ancient religions.
Somehow, this m ysterious night is a bit like
Halloween as dark forces, all kinds o f evil witches,
werewolves, vam pires and ghosts are supposed
to wake up. and various rites are perform ed to
get people protected from any danger. Ancient
people believed that wild anim als could help
them as, by magic, anim als could talk during
that night. They also believed in healing powers
of Kupala dew which was to be used for washing
the face before the dawn. Sw im m ing was also
supposed to be healing. T hat is why there was
a tradition to pour dirty w ater on everyone in
»
3s
4»
45
50
55
s ig h t th u s m a k in g
a riv e r o r lake.
60
65
to
75
so
85
th e m
e a g e r to
p lu n g e
in to
A n o th er Kupala legend that has entered the
Ukrainian mythology is connected with searching
for bloom ing ferns. F erns are supposed to blossom
during Kupala night. People’s faith in them is
based on the m yth that great powers and secret
knowledge are given to those who are lucky to
find the blossoms, though picking them is strictly
forbidden. It is also believed that m iraculous fiery
flowers could point to a buried treasure no m atter
how deep it is hidden.
A few words should be said about traditional
U k rain ian am ulets that have become part of
national myth T hey have been m ade o f dried
plants and o th er m aterials. Some o f them , broom s,
for instance, are supposed to bring success, straw
brownies are believed to protect your house, bring
health and wealth.
Folk reeled dolls are considered to be
traditional U k rain ian heirloom s. T h is doll, or
M otanka, as U k rain ian s call it, has been kept
practically in every family. Every m other m ade
it for her child to play with and it was a symbol
o f goodness and tenderness. It has been used as a
kind o f a mediator between generations, between
a granny and her granddaughter. Reeled dolls are
often inherited by daughters from their m others
and kept till th eir first babies’ birth.
E a c h d o ll is u n iq u e , it d o e s n ’t lo o k th e s a m e as
o th e r s b u t w h a t th e y h av e in c o m m o n is th a t th e y
d o n 't h av e a face. A n c ie n t p e o p le b eliev e d th a t
a n y re e le d d o ll s h o u ld b e fac ele ss n o t to re se m b le
Agree or disagree with the following statem ents.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
T he Kupala N ight is a pagan ritual.
It is celebrated in early spring.
T he Kupala rites are connected with the
role o f water in fertility and purification.
Both m en and wom en wear the crow ns o f
flowers at the Kupala night.
The eve o f Ivan Kupala night is supposed
to be the only tim e when ferns blossom.
Broom s are traditional U krainian am ulets.
Reeled dolls have been passed from
generation to generation.
Brides and bridegroom s used to be given
two dolls to have at least two children.
anybody and not to do any harm . Som etim es
ancient craftsm en painted a cross instead o f
a face.
A ccording to d ifferent trad itio n s reeled dolls
were used as ritual things. W om en used to m ake
them for the rain to sta rt o r to stop, for people
to avoid m iseries and diseases, for new lyw eds
to live happily to g eth er (two dolls were given).
M o th ers-in -law used to give reeled dolls to
th e ir d au g h ters-in -law on th e ir w edding day as
a sym bol o f peace and fertility — to give b irth
to happy an d healthy ch ild re n .
Nowadays reeled dolls and other handm ade
am ulets are often sold as souvenirs. People buy
them even if they no longer pay any heed to a certain
superstition. But rem em ber that U krainians believe
the am ulet that was given as a present is much
stronger than the one that you buy for yourself.
90
95
too
105
Fill in the gaps with appropriate derivatives or
use the word as it is.
1.
2.
The cultural________ of the country includes
some ancient churches.
Unfortunately, both her mother and
grandmother suffered from this disability: it’s
C C LE A N )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3.
This icon has been owned by the family for
Wipe that sin k _________ when you are done.
You shoes n eed __________.
__________is next to godliness.
The environmentalists at the symposium were
discussing a fuel that b u rns_________ without
loss of power.
Many of their health problems were caused
b y _________ living conditions.
vast estate,
his father's bad temper.
he gambled away h is ________
poor as a church
4.
5.
6.
mouse.
• « « # » *
MAGIC
1.
M YTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
He doesn’t remember much o f ________ .
Orpheus and Odysseus seem the same person
to him.
Contrary to popular________ , ferns do not
blossom.
You can't possibly believe in h is ________
projects.
Hercules is my favourite
hero.
3.
4.
She has never been fond of stories about
. She docs not believe in tales of
wizards who could work
evening we
I cannot forget th a t____
spent together.
______wand
He wished he could wave a _______
and make all his problems disappear.
Their eyes could not leave his face for
a moment. Everybody stopped talking as
i f _________ .
U n it 6 . Crossinn borde
IV. TRANSLATION
g
Translate into English.
1.
В Україні гостям приділяють багато уваги.
Якщо ви у когось в гостях, ваші господарі,
вірогідно, будуть показувати вам місто та
його пам’ятки на протязі декількох днів.
Традиційні українські погляди вимагають,
шоб гостей добро приймали та шоб вони
були добре нагодовані на протязі усього
перебування у вашому домі.
2.
Нам слід відродити пю давню родинну
українську традицію. Як було за давніх часів,
коли члени родини збиралися разом пізніми
вечорами, щоб створювати ляльки-мотанки.
Це привносило гармонію та порозуміння
в родини. Таки ляльки передавалися
з покоління в покоління.
3.
І по ией час день на Івана Купала відомий
як одне з найбільш експресивних східно­
слов'янських народних та язичницьких свят.
Багато обрядів цього свята пов’язані з водою,
родючістю та очищенням. Дівчата, наприклад,
пускали на воду річок вінки і по їх рухам
передбачали долю. Хлопці та дівчата стрибали
через вогнище.
4,
Існує стереотип, що українці вживають занадто
багато сала і що сало — майже головна страва
на столі звичайних українців. Можливо, так
колись і було, а традиція їсти сало дещо схожа
на захоплення італійців пастою. Україна —
сільськогосподарська країна і якийсь час
тому впрошування свиней було звичайним
(розповсюдженим) явищем у кожній родині, що
мешкала у сільській місцевості.
5.
Ще один стереотип про Україну — це
схожість української та російської мови. Слід
зазначити, шо українська мова має настільки
спільного с російською, як і англійська з
голландською (37—38% відмінностей
у словнику).
6.
Українці зберегли забобони та прикмети
стосовно деяких речей, як, наприклад,
свистіти вдома і т. ін.
V. READING
Drinking coffee means thinking about life...
10 A|
(John Galsworthy)
Answer the following questions.
1.
2.
3.
W hat are the traditional drinks in U kraine?
(alcoholic, non-alcoholic, soft drinks, cordials)
W hat is your favourite everyday drink?
D o you know any recipes for m aking coffee?
W hich o f them do you like best?
B) Read the article about coffee traditions in Lviv. Some sentences have been removed from the
article. Choose from sentences A—F the one which fits each
which you do not need to use.
A
B
D
E
11
C offee-m aking and d rin k in g are strictly observed rituals.
Regardless o f where you are o r who with, drin k in g coffee
is a com m on tradition.
Long tim e has passed, but love for coffee d id n 't fade away
and m ade Lviv the Coffee capital o f U kraine.
Lviv and coffee are two notions that becam e one.
French novelist Honoré de Balzac (1799—1850) called coffee
“an engine of ideas.” W hen he im m ersed him self in his
writing, he consum ed incredible 50—60 cups o f coffee
a day!
History o f Coffee in Lviv dates back to the late 18th century
with the com ing o f the Austrians who revealed all the niceties
of coffee brewing for Lviv citizens in num erous cafes.
Find words in the article which are synonymous to the words or phrases below.
arom atic, flavoured
utensils
delicious, lovely
disgusting
12 Explain what the highlighted phrases mean.
to
of
to
to
allow yourself the pleasure
som ething
bring back
enjoy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 6 . Crossing borders —
Coffee Capital of Ukraine
When mentioning Lviv the first thing that comes
to mind is good coffee. People come here not only to
admire the architectural beauties, but also to feel the
incomparable charms of the city, and to breathe in its
5 amazing atmosphere.
When colTee was invented, people hated it. and even
some heads of the states found it disgusting. Many
people even faccd punishment for drinking such a vile
beverage. However, by XV century, this beverage had
10 become one of the most favored drinks of common
folk, nobles and kings alike. By the 1700s coffee had
conquered the European nations and gained everyone’s
vote as a tasty and stimulating drink.
... A nother F rench15 m an. the philosopher V oltaire, w as also a devoted coffee
drinker H is physician w arned him against con su m in g
“ th is slowly w orking poison.’" but V oltaire casually
dism issed the w orry: "You are right, it has been killing
m e for alm ost eighty years.”
10 2 ) _______________________________
. N ow it’s
im possible to im agine the old streets o f Lviv w ithout its
rich seductive coffee arom a escaping from the w indows
o f sm all cafes and spreading throughout die whole
city. In su m m er Lviv citizens savour colTee and have
25 a relaxing conversation about the latest news sitting on
the c ity ’s cafe terraces, in w inter — inside w arm and
cozy cafes.
3)
___________ . Coffee started
to be m ore and m ore po p u lar in different circles o f
30 society and soon all Lviv fell ill w ith eoffec-mania
th a t c a n ’t be healed. O w ners o f cafe's w ere arranging
evening co n certs and dances, w here you could h ear all
th e latest gossip... O ften cafes were the places where
creative youth from Lviv was gathering. T here are
35 m any poem s, songs and legends about coffee, and th is
m akes th is d rin k mystical.
• —
< ■
■ ■■
i"
•"
" ‘ „ i 'v
i
M1
S m
"
ulHlll
Every
year Lviv entertains all coffee lovers with “Have a Cup
of Coffee in Lviv" festival, where everyone can taste all
sorts of this beverage brewed in a special way according
to traditional Lviv recipes.
Coffee in Lviv is not just a cup of black fragrant
drink, but also the spirit of tlie old city, its soul and
pride. Every si|> you take revives its history.
Lviv coffee-houses continue to mukc excellent coffee
which you can enjoy reading a book or a newspaper,
discussing hot political or intellectual issues, waiting
out the rain, watching the stream of passers-by, waiting
for a dale, or daydreaming
5)
;_______________________ . There is
nothing more offensive to Lviv coffee lovers than
instant coffee. At home coffee must be made from
roasted and ground coffco beans in a Turkish-style
coffee pot. Coffee in Lviv is. of course, drunk not only
at home or at work. On the way home. Lviv dwellers
stop at innumerable coffeehouses to have a coffee.
Enjoying coffee in a public place adds something
to the taste. Locals like to say that "everything starts
with coffee — morning, business, and love..."
Sin G
v i. s p e a k i n g wwm im m m m m
13 Read the poem by S. Silverstein and com pare the superstitions described in it with those in Ukrainian
culture. Are there any common ones? Do you know their origin?
If you are superstitious, you’ll never step on cracks.
W hen you see a ladder, you’ll never walk beneath it.
A nd if you ever spill some salt you’ll throw som e 'cross your back.
A nd carry 'round a rabbit’s foot just in case you need it.
You’ll pick up any pin th at you find lying on the ground.
A nd never, ever throw your hat upon the bed, or open an um brella when you are in the house.
You bite your tongue each tim e you say a thing you shouldn't have said.
You’ll hold your breath and cross your fingers w alking by a graveyard.
And num ber th irte e n ’s never gonna do you any good.
But I’m not superstitious (knock on wood).
14 Discuss the questions.
1.
W hat things or actions are considered to bring bad luck in U k rain ian cu ltu re / your fam ily/ your
own opinion?
2. D o you take any heed to the superstition even if you d o n ’t believe in it? For exam ple, do you
cross your fingers as a kind o f insurance policy?
3. Is there any particular num ber that bothers you in som e way or that you consider unlucky? Have
yt^j. gq*ha Uicky num ber? W hat is it?
4v~ D o you Relieve in astrology? D o you read your horoscope regularly? W hy/ why not?
5. Have you ever consulted a fortune-teller, palmist, etc.? D o you believe in them ?
6. Have you ever changed your plans because o{ a dream you had?
7. Do you perform any special rituals before, exams**"! f so, w hat are they? Have you heard about
o th er people’s rituals that are supposed to hriffja^jtem gAod luck?
15
.
Look at these hand-m ade Ukrainian souvenirs*
Persuade a foreign tourist to buy one.
'Ik,•
>
*n i h i i l t y i T '•
VII. LISTENING
Look at the picture and answer the questions using what you already know about the UK and
the British.
language learning facility
(not visible to naked eye)
Royal Family
recognition centre
nostalgia
segment
mistrust of Europe
ventricle
national pride giand
(likely to become inflamed
during World Cup)
bottled-up
anger
traditional
breakfast
repository of useless
facts for pub quiz nights
Isle of Wight
love
of countryside
BACKBONE!
section
custard
(for Scotland, see ‘porridge’)
W hy do you th in k the language learning facility in the Brain o f Britain is “ barely visible?”
W hen is the national pride gland likely to becom e inflam ed and why?
W hy is the anger “ bottled up?”
W hat food and drink words can you find in the cartoon, and what makes them im portant parts
o f the Brain o f Britain*!
W hat does the blue around the Brain o f Britain symbolise?
—
U n it 6 . Crossing borders
17 A)
Read the introduction to the interview you are about to hear. M atch the words and phrases
in bold with their explanations.
a range o f m any people o r things that are very different from each other: fact o f including
a range o f m any people o r things
to exam ine som ething very carefully in order to decide what is im portant o r useful or to find
som ething im portant
to th in k carefully about som ething for a tim e, ignoring w hat is happening around you
a som ewhat arrogant attitude towards others
all kinds o f costum es featuring elem ents o f the U nion Jack a n d / o r any o ther British
national & Royal sym bols
to move around the room and talk to lots o f different people (at a party)
fam ous o r w ell-know n for som ething bad
It would be valuable indeed if we were blessed with the gift to “see ourselves
as others see u s” as Robert B urns mused in his fam ous poem “To a Louse.”
but although we'll never achieve this sort o f wisdom , it’s still fun to sift through
some o f the most com m on stereotypes about Britain and the British and
consider which o f them have any basis in fact.
N aturally, it’s impossible to generalise over the beliefs, habits and attitudes
o f each and every Briton, and as a m odern m ulticultural nation we have got
used to diversity. However, there are a few things Britons definitely have in
com m on. For one, there is eccentricity, as evidenced by our love o f British
themed fancy dress. T h en , there goes th eir incredible ability to com bine a stiff
upper lip with self-irony. T hough known as reserved, we love parties, hanging
out at pubs and mingling. But what about the rest o f the stu ff we are famous
or notorious for? We have asked a couple o f British people to com m ent on a
num ber o f the most com m on stereotypes about them .
B) Fill in the gaps with words and phrases from above in their appropriate
form .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
the events o f the day.
1 sat q u ie tly ,______________
C rash in v estig ato rs________
______the wreckage o f the aircraft.
_____________ and choice in education.
T here is a need for greater _
My friend has just bought a great U nion Jack dress for o u r _________________
party that we’re having to celebrate Her M ajesty’s Jubilee.
He seem s to be a nice guy at first, but when you get to know him a bit better,
you feel as if he's looking down on you because o f h i s _________________ .
A lthough she hardly knew anyone at the party, she was e a g e r_______________
with o th er guests.
Scotland Yard proudly announced that they m anaged to arrest t h e ___________
com puter hacker who broke into the databases o f banks and governm ent agencies.
U n it 6 . Crossing borders —
18 Now, look at the list of typical stereotypes about the British and put a tick next to the ones you think
are tru e, and a cross next to the ones you believe are false.
Stereotype
Your opinion
Speakers’ opinion
Britons love to queue
Britons love to celebrate Royal occasions
Britons follow certain rules when giving and going to dinner parties
Britons drink lea all day
Everyone in Britain is closely related to the Royal Family
Britons consider ii to be impolite to show off their new clothes
The British are crazy about gardening and country life
19 Listen to people talking about the stereotypes above, put a tick in the Speakers’ column if they think
the stereotype is tru e, and a cross if they think it is false. Com pare with your opinion and discuss all
the stereotypes.
VIII. SPEAKING
20 Imagine that a friend of yours is planning to study in the UK for a year. He/she is going to be staying
with a host family there. Give him /her some advice about the peculiarities of the British lifestyle
using the information from the recording and phrases from the Useful language box.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
• You should definitely...
• (D oing sih) is/ isn't a good idea!
• R em em ber to / not to... when...
• D on't forget to...
• ...is a must!
• You shouldn't say no to...
U n it 6. Crossing b o rd e rs-------------------
IX. VOCABULARY
a
a
a
a
d a n c e / m usic festival
m arathon
street p a in tin g / sidewalk chalk art com petition
bike city m arathon
a parade
a celebration (of...)
an exhibition
a fair
2"| A) C om plete the following collocation chart by putting ticks
in the appropriate columns.
a fair
a festival
a com petition
a m arathon
a parade
to attend
to go to
to have
to hold
to host
lo organize
to run
to stage
to take part in
lo train for
B) Now use the collocations in your own sentences to describe
the photos.
E.g.: V ictory Day pa ra d e is s ta g e d in o u r c ity on the 9 m o f May.
Younger a n d o ld e r g enerations go to the p a ra d e to c e le b ra te that glorious
pag e in the nation's history.
90
-
U n it 6 . Crossing borders
X. WRITING
22 Look at the pictures and describe the social
city event in 1 50 —2 0 0 words.
Use the questions as guidelines and phrases
from the U s e fu l la n g u a g e b o x .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
W hat event is shown in the picture?
W hat are people w earing/ doing?
Give details about the atm osphere o f the
events and the mood o f th e participants.
Give inform ation about the ritual or the
history o f this event.
Write about your personal experience o f seeing
this event or participating in it, or write why
you would like to take part in one.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
T he holiday com m em orates...
Everyone is in a celebratory m ood.
T he festival fosters the national spirit o f the
people.
A colourful spectaclc...
...is always very spectacular.
People dressed in colourful costum es...
T he festival events includc sports and musical
gatherings.
In the foreground/ in the b ackground/ in ihe
centre...
91
U n it 6 . Crossing b orde rs---------------------
—
XI. READING AND SPEAKING
23
R e a d th e te x t q u ick ly a n d a n s w e r t h e q u e s t io n s .
1.
2.
How long did th e Days
o f U kraine last in 2013?
W hat events were included
in ihe Days o f U kraine?
3.
4.
5.
W hat renowned cultural figures took part
in the program me?
How is Taras Shevchenko related to Cambridge University?
How much did the tickets to the events cost?
The Days of Ukraine in Britain
5
in
15
20
On O ctober 17—19, 2013, L ondon hosted an
unprecedented event — T h e Days o f U kraine
in the U n ited K ingdom . T he m ain aim o f the
even! was to improve th e perception o f our
cou n try abroad, to prom ote a positive image
o f U kraine as a E uropean cou ntry with botli
a
rich
cultural
heritage
and
vibrant
contem porary culture.
The packed three day program m e was
a showcase o f the best cultural talents that
U kraine has to offer: top com posers including the
genius com poser Myroslav Skoryk; writers, among
whom was the world-known inspirational writer
Oksana Zabuzhko; the influential contem porary
U krainian artists Alexander Roitburd and Pavlo
Makov; the best-known fashion designers (Lilia
Litkovskaya, Lilia Pustovit, Svetlana Bevza and
others); the most popular musicians and rock
stars such as charm ing Oleh Skrypka.
The official opening o f the Days of Ukraine
took place at the British Parliament with the
participation of U krainian and British government
officials, public and business leaders. Later that
night, the festival continued with a gala dinner
92
at the Natural History Museum, where the
representatives o f political and business elites of
the LJnited Kingdom and Ukraine enjoyed an
entertaining concert programme.
T he second day o f the festival was marked
by a series o f cultural events. The prestigious
London Library brought together representatives
o f the British academ ic society for the interesting
literary
discussion
about
contem porary
U krainian literature with Rory F in n in . Head
of Cam bridge U krain ian Studies, and O ksana
Z abuzhko. renowned U krainian writer. Just
before the Days o f U kraine in London, ihe
University had announced th a t it nam ed a
central avenue on its cam pus “Taras Shevchenko
Way.” As it is w ritten on the official website of
C am bridge University. “ Taras Shevchenko is one
o f the most uncom prom ising and unique voices
in m odern European culture and this voice is
becom ing increasingly better known in G reat
Britain.”
On th e sam e day, the S aatchi G allery,
the m ost prestigious m o dern art gallery in
L ond on, saw the o p en in g o f the U k ra in ia n
25
30
35
40
45
U n it 6 . Crossing borders
art ex h ib itio n o f p ain tin g s, in stalla tio n s and
50 scu lp tu res by 25 U k ra in ia n artists. T h at was
followed by a fashion show featu rin g p ro m in en t
U k ra in ia n designers.
T he th re e days cu lm in a te d on 19 O cto b er
at P otters Field P ark, w here trad itio n al arts
55 and crafts, food an d m usic provided fun for
c h ild re n and ad u lts in a stylised U k ra in ia n
village. T h e fin ale o f th e festival was a co n c ert
at P o tters Field Park, featu rin g the very best o f
U k ra in ia n pop, rock and folk artists, offering
60 a un iq u e taste o f trad itio n al and co n tem p o rary
U k ra in ia n m usic. T he co n c ert and fair were
to ta lly free to the public.
T he total num ber o f L ondoners and city visitors
who watched the events am ounted to 110—120
thousand people. “T his is a w onderful initiative, 65
with thousands o f L ondoners being given a
unique opportunity to find out more about the
m agnificent culture and music that U kraine
has to offer. Never before has a U krainian
cultural project o f this m agnitude taken place in 70
L ondon," com m ented A ndy Hunder, D irector o f
the U krainian Institute in London.
24 Think of any recent events o r/ and Ukrainians that have recently made the news both in Ukraine
and abroad, and that can make us proud.
Look at the photos and guess what headlines they go with.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
U kraine for Second Tim e Receives an Award at C annes Festival
U k rain ian Students Win M icrosoft’s Im agine C up
C hess Q ueens 2013
Exhibition o f “ U krainian M ichelangelo” in Louvre M useum
U krain ian Film Selected as Entry for Best Foreign Language O scar at 85th Academ y Awards
U k rain ian Sand Artist Proves that Reality T V 's G o t Talent
D
93
U n it 6 . Crossing border.
25
Now use the cues to talk about each e ven t/
news story.
a)
T he Musée du Louvre. P aris/ hold
an exhibition on Jo h an n G eorg P in sel/
Novem ber 22, 2012 — February 25,
2013; Pinsel, often called "U k rain ian
M ichelangelo”/ live and create his
ex trao rd in ary sculptures/ W estern U k rain e/
the 18th century; unique opportunity
to see/ around th irty o f the a rtist’s most
m agnificent sculptures/ in the heart
o f E uropean culture; works o f/ fam ous
U k rain ian Baroque sculptor/ be on display/
com e to Paris from m useum s in W estern
U k raine, Poland and G erm any.
b)
T he F ID E W omen World Chess Team
C h am p io n sh ip / spring 2013/ A stana.
K azakhstan; U k ra in e/ the w inning
te a m / win over/ C hina; A nna U shenina
(b o rn /1 985/ K harkiv)/ w om en’s world chess
ch a m p io n / receive
E U R 9,375 prize.
2011 U k rainian dram a film / be selected a s /
entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar;
so u n d track / be recorded/ participation
o f the N ational Sym phonic O rchestra
and D akha-B rakha ethnic band; sign
o f U k rain ian cinem a revival/ 3D graphics,
special effects/all the bits and bobs you
would ex p ect/ m odern movie.
Sand an im ato r K seniya Sim onova/ w inner
o f U k ra in e’s G ot T alent/ 2009/ becom e
a YouTube phen o m en o n / tell stories
through sand anim ation; video from
the show / viewed more th a n a m illion
tim es in one day; create over 200 new sand
stories/ receive invitations from all over
the w orld/ to perform for presidents, heads
o f states and royalty.
U n it 6 . Crossing bordet
e)
U k rain e’s team "Q uad S quad”/ w in /
prestigious M icrosoft Im agine C u p /
the worldwide finals/ Sydney, A ustralia/
prize o f $25,000; present their projects:
create/ a glove that can translate sign
language into sp ee ch / beat 75 o th er team s;
2013/ the student technology co m p etitio n /
focus o n / solving the toughest problem s/
healthcare and the environm ent.
0
U k rainian film director M aryna V roda/
receive/ award at C annes Film Festival/
the Best Short Film ; her m otion picture
C ro s s /jo in t project by U kraine and
F ran c e/ 15-m inute m otion picture;
the film / be shot w ithin one w eek/ cost its
producers about EU R 3,500/ involve only
non-professional actors.
XII. GROUP PROJECT WORK
26 Imagine that your group of exchange
students in Britain is to plan the festival of Ukrainian culture
at the university where you are going. W hat events would you include and what personalities would
you ask to participate in them? M ake up your version of the program m e and give reasons for your
selection. Use words and phrases from the box.
to host an unprecedented event
a gen iu s/ in sp iratio n al/ w orld-know n/
in flu en tial/ co n tem porary/ prom inent
a rtis t/ w riter/ m u sician / designer/ athlete
ihe official opening
an en tertain in g co n c e rt/ program m e
a series o f cultural events
to bring together representatives of...
to see theopening of...
an art exhibition/ a fashion show / a concert
featuring/w hich features...
to offer a unique taste of...
trad itio n al/ contem porary/ folk music
a unique opportunity to find out m ore about
95
XIII. TRANSLATION
27 Translate into English.
1.
2.
3.
96
Типові забобони м ож уть багато чого
р о зк азати про націю і національний
характер. З ви чай н о, не кож ни й
б р и та н е ц ь буде п ід б ирати н овеньку
булавку на іцастя, але п р ак ти ч н о
н іхто не буде від кр и в ати п арасольку
вдом а або проходити п ід драбиною .
З н а н н я заб о б о н ів — в аж л и в и й
к о м п о н ен т культурної обізнаності,
я к а так необхідна д л я усп іш н ого
міжкультурного спілкування.
С оц іологи стверд ж ую ть, ш о майж е
кож на су ч асн а н ац ія є
мультикультурною. том у н астіл ьки
важ ко р о б и ти у за га л ь н е н н я про
цінності, переконання і моделі
поведінки її п р ед став н и к ів. Більш
того, ч и м а л о розп овсю дж ен и х
стереотииних уявлень про б удь-яку
н ац ію р о зб и в аю ться вщ ент, коли
п евн и й час проведені у чуж ій країн і.
Програми культурних обмінів
н ад аю ть у н ік а л ь н у м о ж л и в ість д л я
б агатьох гр о м ад я н приймаючої
країни б л и ж ч е о зн а й о м и т и с я
з видатними діячами культури ін ш и х
к р а їн , з їх творчим доробком,
а т ак о ж із сучасними тенденціями
у живопису, музиці й театральному
мистецтві. Я і м ої друзі н ам агаєм о сь
не п р о п у сти ти ж одн ої в и став ки
і кон ц ерту, я к і д о п о м агаю ть
о тр и м ати л іп ш е у я в л е н н я про
вируюче сучасне культурне життя
ін ш и х к р аїн .
\
4.
Н авіть я к ш о ти вваж аєш себе
громадянином світу, ти маєш
п и ш ати ся своєю культурною
спадщиною і зберігати власну
культурну ідентичність. Д уж е в аж л и в о
підтримувати вікові традиції власн ої
кр аїн и і зн ай о м и ти інш і н ац ії
зі своєю культурою через м и стец тво,
м узику, національну кухню
і особ и стісн е с п іл к у в а н н я .
Все це д опом агає просувати
позитивний імідж країни і дем онструє
культурне розмаїття світу.
5.
У країн ські народні звичаї і ритуали
були пов’я за н і з кален д арем і ходом
лю дського ж и ття. В н и х ч асто були
релігійні церемонії, н ародні пісні
і тан ц і. Ритуальні танці рідко
в и к о н у в ал и ся під м узи ку; зазв и ч ай
їх в и к о н у в ал и під ак о м п ан ем ен т
сп іву або речитативу. У країн ська
міфологія зі своїм и легендами,
казками і вірою у чари також
п ростеж ується у н а ц іо н а л ь н ій
культурі і ф о л ькл о р і.
/
М істо може проводити багато різних
заходів. їх ор ган ізато р и м аю ть
зазд ал егід ь п родум ати тем у заходу,
с к іл ь к и лю дей м ож уть його відвідати
і у я к и х заходах ці гості м ож уть
взяти участь. Я. н ап р и к л а д , лю бл ю
відвідувати фестивалі народної
культури, де мож у п ридбати
саморобні сувеніри, побачи ти
п р ед став н и к ів різних ремесел
і ск у ш ту в ати страви традиційної
української кухні. Т акі ф ес ти в а л і
д оп ом агаю ть розвивати національні
традиції.
7
_______ ____
out
JF
AND ABOUT
I. LEAD-IN I
■j
Look at the photos and talk about the places they show. Which place would you prefer to live in? Why?
2
W hat are the differences betw een life in tow n/city and in the country? C om plete the table.
C O U N TRY
TOW N
noisy, stressful
boring, dull
cheap
dangerous
convenient, com fortable
m ore open space
clean, m ore fresh air
heavy traffic
m ore industrialized
closer to nature
Out and about
II. VOCABULARY
2
A) Arrange the following words into three groups and fill in the table.
Things you can usually find i n both
the country
town
woods, car parks, fields, farm s, libraries, shops, factories, supermarkets, suburbs, tractors, bam s,
restaurants, pollution, museums, cowsheds, beehives, pigsties, bars, gates, railway stations,
traffic (jams), haystacks, sheep-folds, schools, stables, hen houses, valleys, skyscrapers, churches
B) Explain the d ifference betw een the following:
•
a field — a m eadow;
grass — hay;
a plant — a weed;
a wood — a forest;
a tru n k — a log;
•
•
•
•
•
ground — soil;
a pond — a lake;
downtow n — in n er city;
suburbs — outskirts;
a capital — a metropolis.
U n it 7. Out and about
A) Translate into Ukrainian.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In rccenl years, hom elessness in New York City lias reached the highest levels since the G reat
D epression o f the 1930s. Research shows that the prim ary cause o f this, particularly am ong
fam ilies, is lack o f affordable housing.
A resident had voiced concerns over the parks becom ing no-go-areas for the public at night but
the police have responded quickly with the extra patrols.
S ubstandard housing isn't just housing th a t’s unattractive or outdated. It's housing that poses
a risk to the health and safety o f its occupants and its neighbours and visitors. Substandard
housing is associated with increased risk o f disease, a high crim e rate, social isolation, begging
and high unem ploym ent.
M illions o f people deal with traffic congestion on a daily basis. It occurs due to an accident, road
co n stru ctio n or simply a high num ber o f cars on the road. Traffic congestion can have a num ber
o f effects on people's health, the environm ent, and the economy.
The world’s largest cities are m erging into vast ‘mega regions' characterised by overcrowding,
poverty and pollution. T he continuing grow th o f urban areas is likely to be one o f the most
significant factors affecting society over the next 50 years. Such mega regions will stretch hundreds
o f m iles across countries and will be hom e to m ore th a n 100 m illion people. Last year it was
co n firm ed for the first tim e that over half the world’s population lives in cities.
W hether you have been living in a big city for several years or maybe you are th in k in g about
m oving to one. the question you m ight ask yourself is: “ How stressful is it to live in a big city?”
You should take into consideration a fast pace or tem po o f life in a big city where everyone seems
to walk faster, act quicker and even talk w ithout a pause and in short sentences using loads o f
abbreviations. And the paradox is that in spite o f all crowds o f people around people usually suffer
from lack o f com m unication and loneliness.
B) People who live in big towns or cities face some problem s. Choose the most serious problem s,
expand on them and suggest possible solutions.
E.g. One o f the major problems that city-dwellers fa ce is traffic congestion. It is more obvious in old cities
where downtown streets get clogged up in the morning and evening rush hours. The only way to solve the
problem could be adding new bypasses and limiting the entrance to the downtown area.
—
—
—
—
—
—
traffic congestion
high unem ploym ent
overcrowding
a high crim e rate
hom elessness
begging
—
—
—
—
—
unsafe/ no-go areas
substandard housing
im personal service
lack o f co m m u n icatio n / loneliness
a stressful life/ a fast tem po o f life
— D ollution
U n it 7. Out and about
III. READING
Read the text and choose a sentence (A—H) to fill in the gaps (1—5).
There are three extra options.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
I do n 't know how I should greet people on country roads.
1 wave, and my wave goes all the way to the horizon.
At first the gesture is unsettling.
But most likely you will be ignored.
One need n 't be too obvious about these things.
W hen 1 see him , 1 get out o f my car and hurry to shake hands
with him .
G. In short, they wave at all the tim es it's most inadvisable to wave.
H . 1 see him trying to ignore me.
Every year I seem to experience an odd
m om ent shortly after my fam ily and I arrive at
the house we rent in the country.
I am driving down a back road, minding my
5 own business, when 1 gradually realize that
people are waving at me. They wave from th eir
pickups and cars, barely lifting their hands off
the steering wheel. ( 1 ) ___ I w onder if they are
trying to tell me my lights arc on or a tire is
io flat. O r perhaps it is a case of mistaken identity
I’ve never seen m ost o f these people, so who do
they th in k they are waving at?
T hen I remem ber. I’m not in the city
anym ore. And if anything distinguishes city folk
15 from co untry folk, it's that in rural areas people
make a habit o f waving at strangers.
S oon I ’m w aving at everyone too. I lift
my fin g ers a little from th e s te e rin g w heel,
an d th e o th e r d riv er lifts his. O r 1 sh ift my
20 arm o u tw ard a bit as it rests on th e w indow
fra m e , ra isin g my p a lm , an d th e o th e r d riv er
d o es likew ise. (2) ___ A raised index finger
speaks volum es, a n d a sim ple nod is eloquent
in its restraint
25
W hen I pass o u r neighbor, he salutes me with
his custom ary broad, slow wave, which makes
him look as though he’s cleaning a window. His
wife waggles her fingers to wave hello; I can
alm ost im agine her saying. "T ootlc-ooo!”
30
People in the country will wave w hether
they’re going sixty m iles an hour o r ten. They
wave on narrow curves, on the crests o f hills
or driving into a blinding sun. O ften they wave
in town when they should be w atching for
35 pedestrians. ( 3 ) ___
100
If for some reason I forget to wave back —
say 1 am fiddling with the radio dial — 1 can't
help but feel a twinge of guilt Did the people
who just waved know me? Were they neighbors?
Do they th in k I’m putting on airs? I worry that 40
I’ve violated one of the cardinal principles of the
universe, ordained when the first good person
waved hospitably to an o th er from his cave.
To understand the geographical nature o f this
custom , try a sim ple test: wave from your car at 45
strangers along a city street. You may be stared
at as if you are crazy. (4) ___ I also suspect
th at if a city person spent a couple o f weeks on
country roads, h e’d be waving just as much as
any dairym an, cowboy, logger, beekeeper — o r 50
darn-fool visitor like me.
T he reason is that, in the country, the
hum an figure stands out against the landscape;
it dem ands recognition. A wave is simply the
easiest way o f co n firm in g that recognition. But 55
I think waving is also a way of recognizing the
setting around the human figure.
I
wave at the farm er passing me in a pickup,
and my wave extends to the grasses swaying
along the roadside, the line o f trees tossing in 60
the wind, the billow ing white clouds. ( 5 ) ___
And so, as long as I'm in the country. I'm
a dedicated waver. Howdy, I wave to the far
range o f m ountains. Howdy, I wave to the
horses trotting in the fields. Howdy, I wave to 65
the kids and dogs rom ping in the yard.
W hen I pull into the driveway, my wife waves
from the porch. T hen she tries to leach our
baby daughter to do the same. Howdy, I wave to
them . Howdy, I wave. Howdy! Howdy!
70
7. Out HtnJ about
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat seem s strange to the w riter when lie com es to the country?
How does the w riter greet people on country roads?
W hat is the w riter’s attitude to waving as a way o f greeting people?
W hat experim ent does the w riter suggest?
How does the w riter explain the habit o f country people’s waving to each other?
W hy does the w riter call him self a ‘dedicated waver'?
Explain the highlighted phrases in the te x t in your own words.
IV. VOCABULARY
8
Find the English equivalents in the box to the following phrases.
ж и ти в б ет о н н и х д ж ун глях;
бути о то ч ен и м н ед оторкан ою
м ал ьо в н и ч о ю сіл ьською м ісцевістю ;
ш ум та м етуш н я у місті;
насо л о д ж у вати ся ж вави м н іч н и м
ж и ттям ;
у р ів н о в аж и ти роботу та особисте
ж и т ія ;
загрузн ути в м и ш ачій м етуш н і;
ж и ти в х алуп і в н етрях вели кого
м іста;
City life
• to live in a city / a to w n / an urban en v iro n m en t/
(inform al) a concrete ju n g le/ the suburbs/ shanty
to w ns/ slum s
• to enjoy/ to like the hustle and bustle o f the city life/
the vib ran t/ the lively nightlife
• to get caught up in the rat race
• to be surrounded by tow ering skyscrapers
• to prefer/ to seek the anonym ity o f the life in a big
city
•to head for the bright lights (of the big city/ London)
• to cope with the stress/the pressure o f urban life
• to have/ to be close to all the city facilities
побудувати м іц н і сп івтовари ськ і
сто с у н к и ;
п рагн ути м и рн ого та с п о к ій н о го ж и ття
в передм істі;
ж и ти в о то ч ен н і хм арочосів, що
п ід н о ся ться до небес;
п олю б л яти більш п о віл ьн и й тем п
ж и т т я за м істом ;
летіти н а яскраві вогні вел и кого міста;
потерп ати від ж ахли ви х заторів на
вулицях
міста.
Country life
• to live in a village/ in the cou n try /
the countryside/ an isolated area
• to enjoy/ to like the relaxed/ the slower
pace o f life/ the great outdoors
• to look for/ to find/ to get a little peace
and quiet
• to need/ to want to get b ack / closer to
nature
■to escape/ to quit/ to get out o f/ to leave
the rat race
• to be surrounded by the o p e n / u n sp o ilt/
picturesque countryside
• to use/ to travel by/ to rely on public transport
• to seek / to achieve a b etter/ healthy
work-life balance
• to put up with/ to get stuck in / to sit in massive/
iuige/ heavy/ endless/ co n stan t traffic jam s
• to seek/ to start a new life in the
country
• to tackle/ to reduce the heavy/ severe traffic
congestion
• to create/ to build a strong sense of
co m m unity
• to suffer from pollution
■to live off/ to farm/ to work the land
101
U n it 7. Out and about
V. SPEAKING
A) Do you know the traditional English fairy tale about the Town
Mouse and the Country Mouse? Which mouse are you?
B) Using the expressions from the VOCABULARY section talk
about why you like/ dislike the city life or the country life. Name
as many advantages/ disadvantages as possible. Have you ever
moved from the country to town or vice versa? Why? Would you
like to change the lifestyle you have today? Why? In what way?
"
dUTh? T
^m
Town Mouse 1
and the
,
.Country M ouse,/
Ladybird
VI. LISTENING
10 Listen to four people talking about where they live.
They live in the city
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Speaker
Com plete the tab le by ticking the correct box.
They live in the country
Are they happy?
1
2
3
4
VII. READING
Read the text and decide w hether the statem ents are true or false.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
T he population o f cities keeps increasing, and will soon exceed the num ber o f people living in
rural areas.
T he m ore cars city dwellers have, the happier they feel.
Living in car-dependent neighbourhoods away from city centres m akes people more trustw orthy
and friendly.
People move to large cities because these places are richer and m ake people happier.
T hough expensive cars make their ow ners proud, they do not make com m uting more pleasant.
H igher level o f stress during driving is good for drivers’ health because it m akes them th in k
quickly and clearly.
Research shows that those people who com m utc by train suffer from stress less than those who
drive to work in rush hours.
T he m ore people take up cycling in cities, the safer streets becom e for both cyclists and drivers.
102
U n it 7. Out and about
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
W hat m akes a city a great place to live — your
com m ute, property prices o r good conversation?
T he U nited Nations had just announced that
some day in the following m onths, one more child
would be born in an urban hospital or a m igrant
would stum ble into a m etropolitan shantytow n,
and from th at m om ent on, more than half the
world's people would be living in cities. By 2030.
alm ost 5 billion o f us will be urban.
W hen we talk about cities, we usually end up
talking about how various places look, and perhaps
how it feels to be there. But city life is as much
about moving through landscapes as it is about
being in them. Is urban design really powerful
enough to make or break happiness? The most
dynam ic econom ies o f the 20th century produced
the most miserable cities o f all. the US Atlanta,
Phoenix, M iami, cities totally dom inated by cars.
A Swedish study found that people who endure
more than a 45-m inute com m ute were 40% more
likely to divorce. People who live in monofunctional,
car-dependent neighbourhoods outside urban
centres are much less trusting o f other people than
people who live in walkable neighbourhoods where
housing is mixed with shops, services and places to
work. T heir finding was seemingly straightforward:
the longer the drive, the less happy people were. For
a single person, exchanging a long com m ute for a
short walk to work has the same effect on happiness
as finding a new love.
The sad part is that the more we flock to
high-status cities for the good life — money,
opportunity, novelty — the more crowded, expensive,
polluted and congested those places become. The
result? Surveys show that Londoners are among the
least happy people in the U K , despite the city being
the richest region in the UK.
Drivers experience plenty o f em otional
dividends. They report feeling m uch more in
charge o f th eir lives than public tran sp o rt users.
An upm arket vehicle is loaded with sym bolic
value that offers a powerful, if tem porary, boost
in status. Yet despite these rom antic feelings,
h alf o f com m uters living in big cities and suburbs
claim to dislike the heroic journey they must
make every day. T he urban system neutralises
their power.
D riving in traffic is tough for both brain and
body. The blood o f people who drive in cities is
a stew o f stress horm ones. T he worse the traffic,
the m ore your system is Hooded with adrenaline,
that, in the short-term , gets your heart pum ping
faster and helps sharpen your alertness, but in
the long-term can m ake you ill. Researchers
found that w hether com m uters were driving or
taking the train, peak-hour travellers suffered
worse stress than fighter pilots or riot police
facing m obs o f angry protesters.
But one group o f com m uters report enjoying
themselves. These are people who travel under
th eir own steam . They walk. They run. They
ride bicycles.
D ozens o f cities have now dabbled in bike
program m es, including Paris, Lyon, M ontreal,
M elbourne, and New York. In 2010. London
introduced a system , dubbed Boris Bikes for
the city's bikc-m ad mayor, Boris Johnson. As
m ore people took to bicycles, the num ber o f
bike accidents fell. T h is phenom enon seem s to
repeat wherever cities sec a spike in cycling: the
m ore people bike, the safer the streets becom e
for cyclists, partly because drivers adopt m ore
cautious habits when they expect cyclists on the
road. T here is safety in num bers.
By spending resources and designing cities in
a way that values everyone's experience, wfe can
make cities that help us all get stronger, more
resilient, more connected, m ore active and free.
We ju st have to decide who our cities are for.
And we have to believe that they can change.
103
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
VIII. VOCABULARY
Mim
a m ain road
a side road
a ring road — a bypass
a m otorway (B r E) = a freeway,
a highway (Am E)
a flyover (B r E'J = an overpass (Am E)
a roundabout (B r E) = a traffic
circle (Am E)
an underpass
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
crawler lane (B r E) = a slow lane (Am E)
fast lane
crossroads = an intersection
kerb (B r E )/ a curb (Am E)
pavem ent (B r E )/ a sidewalk (Am E)
crossing = a zebra crossing
pelican crossing
hard shoulder
pedestrian
1 2 Label the picture using the words and phrases from the Vocabulary box.
104
U n it 7. Out and about
N ote that the picture shows the left hand traffic
13
Match the following expressions with their definitions.
1)
2)
a side road
a m ain road
a)
b)
3)
a flyover
c)
4)
an underpass
d)
5)
6)
7)
a hard shoulder
a craw ler lane
a pelican crossing
e)
0
g)
a bridge that takes one road over an o th er road
a place on som e roads in B ritain where som eone who w ants to
cross the road can stop the traffic by pushing a button that changes
the traffic lights
the area at the side o f a big road where you are allowed to stop if
you have a problem with your car
a special part o f a road that can be used by slow vehicles so that
other vehicles can go past
a road or path that goes under an o th er road or a railway
a road that is sm aller than a m ain road, but is often connected to it
a large and im portant road
14 Use the words and phrases from the Vocabulary box in the sentences.
1.
T he m o d e rn __________________ improves on such designs. T his is an im portant distinction
because the older traffic circles aren 't always easy to navigate, so they haven't been very popular.
2.
Linda m ade her way across the road at a p e d e s tria n __________________ and stood in front o f
the City Hall.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
We spent a year designing a ( n ) __________________ so pedestrians d o n ’t have to cross A54 road.
Fifty vehicles were involved, ten people were killed, m any m ore hurt on the three-lane
just outside Swindon.
We d id n ’t want to enter the city because we knew that it would take a lot o f tim e so we took
t h e __________________ .
C ars in t h e _____________ were travelling at over 80 miles an hour.
C hristo p h er w andered along t h e __________________ looking into the shop windows.
105
—
U n it 7. Out and a b o u t ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 About 1.24 million people die each year in road accidents.
From 20 to 50 million more people suffer
non-fatal injuries, with many incurring a disability as a result of their injuries. Safety is a shared
responsibility for all road users, including drivers and pedestrians. Read the tips how to improve
road safety for everyone and arrange them under the following headings (A—F).
Safety tips for drivers
Safety tips for pedestrians
A.
Make yourself visible to drivers (3)
D.
W atch for pedestrians at all tim es (6)
B.
Avoid dangerous behaviors (4)
E.
Avoid dangerous behaviors (3)
C.
Look before you step onto the road (6)
F.
Yield to pedestrians at crossings (3)
___ W ear b rig h t/ light colored clothing and
reflective m aterials.
____ Give way to pedestrians in crosswalks,
w hether m arked o r unm arked.
___ Always walk on the sidewalk; if there is no
sidewalk, walk facing traffic.
___ Scan the road and the sides o f the road
ahead for potential pedestrians.
___ Never pass/ overtake a vehicle that stopped
for pedestrians.
____Cross streets at m arked crosswaLks or
intersections, if possible.
___ Give way to pedestrians when m aking right
or left tu rn s at intersections.
___ D on't assum e vehicles will stop; make eye
contact with drivers, d o n 't just look at the vehicle.
___ Before m aking a tu rn , look in all directions
for pedestrians crossing.
___ C arry a flashlight when walking at night.
___ Obey traffic signals such as W A LK / D O N 'T
WALK signs.
___ Be alert to engine noise or backup lights
on cars when in parking lots and near on-street
parking spaces.
___ Obey speed lim its and com e to a com plete
stop at STO P signs.
____Look left, right, and left again before
crossing a street.
___ D on't drive distracted or after consum ing
alcohol or other drugs.
___ Stand clear o f buses, parked cars o r other
obstacles before crossing.
___ W atch for tu rn in g vehicles; make sure the
driver sees you and will stop for you.
___ Do not use your cell phone while driving.
___ D o n 't wear headphones or talk on a cell
phone while crossing.
___ D o not block or park in crosswalks.
___ D on't rely solely on pedestrian signals; look
before you cross the road.
___ Use extra caution when driving near
children playing along the street or older
pedestrians who may not see or hear you.
___ Look carefully behind your vehicle for
approaching pedestrians before backing-up.
___ Look across A LL lanes you must cross.
___ For m axim um visibility, keep your
w indshield clean and headlights on.
16 Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Is there a speed lim it on motorways in our country? Is so, what is it?
How many lanes are there usually on motorways in our country? W hat are they?
At what age can people get th eir driving license in U kraine?
W ho is usually called a ‘back seat driver'?
W hat are the factors that affect road safety? Speak in term s o f pedestrians' and drivers’ behaviour,
w eather conditions, road or traffic engineering.
Do you consider yourself an ideal pedestrian? Why?
Why are children and senior people considered as ‘vulnerable pedestrians'?
W ho is less able to make safe decisions on the road?
Do you know any places in your native to w n / village where the road is a shared space for playing,
walking, cycling and driving? W hy are they more dangerous?
W hat can lack o f patience on the road lead to?
106
U n it 7 . Out and about
IX. SPEAKING
17 Look at the picture and answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
In w hat season has the accident taken place?
Justify your answer.
C an you guess the exact date and say what
tim e o f the day it is?
W here has the accident taken place? W hat
vehicles have collided?
W hich street is the double-decker bus com ing
from? Do you th in k the driver m eant to go
straight on o r to tu rn into V ictoria Street?
Was he driving flat out?
W hich part o f the black car has been
dam aged? Did the driver jam on the brakes?
Should the black m otor car have stopped?
Why, o r why not?
How many passers-by are there in front o f
the jeweller’s shop? Describe their reactions.
How m any pedestrians have actually seen
the accident? C ount the passers-by on the
pavement in C am bridge Street. Are they all
adults?
Describe the various vehicles you can see in
the picture.
W hat can you see in the foreground o f the
picture? How many people have been run
over?
D escribe the injured m an ’s position. Is he
badly hurt? Is he conscious? Will he com e
round soon? How can the injured person
receive first aid?
W ho should be responsible for the accident:
one o f the drivers, the injured m an or the traffic warden? Justify your opinion.
W hat could the girl in front o f the jew eller’s shop tell the police as a witness to the accident?
W hat do you think could happen a few m inutes after the accident? (to call an am bulance,
the police; to rush to hospital; to m ake inquiries, etc)
U n it 7. Out and about
x. v o c a b u la r y
18
wwmwmmm.1
M atch the words with the pictures and answer the questions.
•a saloon car/ sedan
*an estate ear/ station wagon
*a hatchback
•a convertible
*an o ff-ro a d er/jeep /S U V /4*4
-a sports car
-a limousine
■a caravan (Br E) = a trailer (Am E)
-a van
i.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
W hich m odel is m ore suitable for country
roads?
W hich car is m ore suitable for town
dwellers?
W hich car do you think is the most
com fortable?
108
4.
5.
6.
7.
W hich model is designed for a warm
clim ate?
W hich car is th e fastest?
W hich m odel is the m ost convenient for
holidaying/ vacationing?
W hat does the choice o f a car depend on?
U n it 7. Out and about
Label the parts of a car.
a b o n n et (Br E) = a hood (Am E)
a boot ( Br E) = a trunk (Am E)
a bum per
a dashboard
an exhaust pipe
headlights
a horn
an indicator (Br E) = a tu rn signal (Am E)
a number plate( Br E) = a license plate (Am E)
a roof rack
sidelights
a speedometer
a steering wheel
a sunroof
a tyre (Br E) = a tire (Am E)
a wheel
a windscreen (Br E) = a windshield (Am E)
rear lights
a wing m irror (Br E) = a side-view m irror
(Am E)
a rearview m irror
a wiper
109
U n it 7. Out and about
20 Fill in the gaps.
1.
2.
3.
T h e ___________________________ inched upwards as Pam ela drove faster.
Trailed by a cloud o f fumes from t h e _____________________ , the old car accelerated up the road.
O fficer Bedford spotted a wrongly parked car as he patrolled Ringw ood, H am pshire, and slapped
a ticket on t h e ___________________________ .
4. If the car begins to fishtail, the b a c k _________________________ have lost grip.
5. I had a f l a t _________________ on the way home.
6. Philip drove off honking h i s _____________ and threatening to run down those who were too slow
to get out o f his way.
7. T here was a parking ticket neatly tucked under the w in d sc re e n ________________.
8. S an d ra’s c a r ________________________ is always a mess. In it, you can find some spare parts, an
em pty jerry -ca n for petrol and a torn wicker basket am ong o ther junk.
How to Ride a Bike Safely
2 1 A) Label the parts of the bicycle.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
spoke
wheel
saddle (B r E )/ seat (Am E)
handlebar(s)
m udguard ( Br E )/ a fender
bell
gear
pedal
tyre (Br E )/ tire (Am E)
chain
shifter
B) Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
W hat is used to give a signal or to get som eone's attention?
W hat m akes the wheels turn?
W hat do you sit on?
W hat do you tu rn to control the direction?
W hat prevents mud from getting on the bicycle and rider?
W hat do you use to go at different speeds?
W hat do you push round with your feet to m ake the bicycle
go forward?
W hat do you use when the lyres are flat?
u.
U n it 7. Out and a b o u t —
XL LISTENING
22 A)
Listen to the recording and number the pictures in the order you hear the instructions (1—7).
There are two pictures that you do not need.
B) Listen to the instructions again and answer the questions.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
W hat is it necessary to do to ensure that your bike is roadw orthy and safe?
W hat increases the cyclist’s visibility on the road?
W hat should the cyclist do if he/she has shoes with laces?
W hat helps to prevent head injuries?
Should the cyclist ride against the traffic or in the direction o f the traffic?
W hat does a cyclist show with h is/h er hand?
Is it safer to pass a stopped car on the right o r on the left?
111
U n it 7. Out and about
—
XII. READING AND SPEAKING ■ ■ ■
23
R e a d t h e t e x t a n d m a t c h t h e h e a d l i n e s (A—G) t o t h e n u m b e r e d
p a s s a g e s in t h e t e x t . T h e r e a r e t w o h e a d l i n e s y o u d o n o t n e e d t o u s e .
A) Bicycle m anufacturing is not controlled by special interests.
B) You can see your city like drivers can't.
C) You can be part o f a cutting edge movement.
D) Bicycles are more technologically advanced than m otor vehicles.
E) Friendly on the environm ent and easy on traffic.
F) Bicycles are faster than cars.
G) Som eday you’ll wish you had.
Five Different Reasons to Ride a Bicycle
Why would riding a bicycle, which is slower,
offer more satisfaction th an driving? Part o f the
answ er exists in basic hum an physiology. We
were born to move. Im m obility is to the hum an
body what rust is to the classic car. Stop moving
long enough, and your muscles will atrophy.
Bones will weaken. Blood will clot. You will
find it harder to concentrate and solve problem s.
Im m obility is not merely a state closer to death:
it hastens it.
The sam e is true o f cycling, although a
bicycle has the added benefit o f giving even a
lazy rider the ability to travel three or four tim es
faster th an som eone w alking, while using less
than a q u arter o f the energy. Cyclists report
feeling connected to the world around them
in a way that is simply not possible in the
5
iu
15
1 .
sealed environm ent o f a car, bus or train. T heir
journeys are both sensual and kinesthetic.
You probably th in k that you've heard all the 20
argum ents for riding a bicycle. Sure, the bicycle
d oesn’t use non-renew able resources or pollute
(including noise pollution); it is inexpensive
both for ow nership and in term s o f public
infrastructure to support it; it can be parked 25
anyw here, and is a healthy activity.
“ Blah, blah. blah. Tell me som ething new,”
you say.
O.K.. here’s five reasons to ride a bicycle
th at you’ve never before heard of. N ot in your 30
w ildest dream . And if you d o n ’t already ride
a bicycle for fu n , fitness, or tran sp o rta tio n ,
this will surely convince you to get your gears
spinning.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
A bicycle is in certain ways the m ost intelligent vehicle ever created. It has the world’s most advanced
‘en g in e’ controlled with the most wondrous and sophisticated ‘com puter.’ T he engine often knows w hat’s
wrong w'ith itself and usually fixes itself. A bicycle is also the w orld’s most energy-efficient mode o f travel,
using ju st 35 calories per passenger m ile versus 1860 for an average autom obile with one occupant. And the
engine can run on all kinds o f strange fuels, like broccoli.
Affordable bicycles are m anufactured with exotic m aterials such as titanium , carbon fiber, incredible
alum inum alloys, and high strength alloy steel. If you’ve never ridden a high quality m odern bicycle,
you’re in for a treat.
C ars are m ade with steel, iron, and plastic. You c a n ’t pick them up. And try to fix one!
2 . _____________________________________________________
Bicycle m anufacturers could have invented the A rm y recruiting slogan “ Be All T hat You C an Be."
T heir goal is to produce the best vehicle possible. Bicycles are the perfect synthesis o f body and m achine.
Be a cyborg.
C ars, on the o th er hand, are the epitome o f special interest controlled products. T he oil industry wants
cars to get the worst gas mileage possible. T he steel industry w ants cars to be big and heavy, apparently in
order to be safe.
So. reject the greed o f huge m ultinational corporations. Tread lightly and ride a bicycle.
112
U n it 7. Out and about
3 ..____________________________________________________________
In urban areas, this is som etim es literally true. C ongestion, traffic signals, parking-space-search tim e,
and w alking-to-final-destinaiion lime all conspire to reduce the speed o f even the highest-pow ered m otor
vehicle to about th at o f a bicycle. However, if you consider that the tim e-cost of travel also includes the
am ount of tim e spent working to pay for the vehicle, bicycles com e roaring ahead. Also, why spend loads
o f tim e working to pay for the car to get to work to pay for Ihe car?
Since exercise is mandatory for optim al health, and riding a bicycle to some necessary destination
incorporates exercise which would otherw ise take tim e in the gym . pedaling to some place can be
considered as taking zero time. Therefore, bicycles are infinitely fast. T h ai's faster than light, which,
according to Einstein shouldn't be possible, but nonetheless reverses lime. Riding a bicycle makes you
vounger. Be a kid again!
4 .
According to the 2000 Nationwide Personal T ransportation Survey, only 0.7% o f all transportation trips
are made by bicycle. N inety percent o f trips are taken in a personal autom obile with the rem ainder via
transit, w alking, or other modes.
Let's face it. bicyclists are a minority. But, by the same token, we're unique. So why be norm al? Be
different, ride a bicycle.
5 .
Helen Hayes, the much beloved “ First Lady o f A m erican theatre,’' who died ai the age o f 92, was asked
in an interview if she regretted anything. She said she had only one regret. "I never rode a bicycle. 1 wish
I had. T h a t’s all.”
W hile few o f us can hope to achieve the stature of Ms. Hayes, we certainly can fulfill a dream that
she never did. The simple pleasure o f riding a bicycle — effortless m otion at one m om ent, challenging yel
em powering hill clim bing the next, followed by the thrill o f the decent.
Bicycling is the wind in your face and your senses on hyperdrive. It’s life at its best. Try it. U ltim ately
there will com e a tim e when you w on’t be able to.
M a t c h t h e s e p h r a s e s w i t h t h e o n e s in b o l d in t h e t e x t .
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
the best possible example
a creature that is partly hum an, partly a m achine
impressive
a fountain o f em otions
it will give you a lot o f pleasure
com pulsory
to go backward
the degree o f developm ent o f a person
com plicated and advanced in design
Anwer th e q u e stio n s.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W hat are the com m only known advantages the bicycle has,
com pared to other vehicles mentioned in the text? C an you add
any more?
W hat does the au tho r o f the article m ean by ‘the engine’
o f a bicycle?
W hat m aterials are used to m anufacture m odern bicycles?
Why does the author consider the bicycle to be faster than the car?
Why does the au tho r th in k that cyclists are unique?
Why does the author describe riding a bicycle as a pleasure?
U n it 7. Out and about
XIII. VOCABULARY
WXM*
a m ean s/ m o d e/ form o f transport
a passenger
a fare
a conductor
a fare-dodger/ a fare-beater
a reduced fare tick et/ at a reduced price
a half-fare
a full fare
a family tick et/ fare
the U nderground (B r E )/ subway (Am E )/
the tube (L o n d on, the UK)
to tak e/ catch the tube
by tube
a turnstile
to go through a turnstile
a subway to k en / c a rd / coin
elevated railway (B r E )/ elevated railroad
(Am E)
a tra m / tram car ( Br E )/ a strectcar (Am E)
a ticket booth
off-peak fares
a bus fare
a bus pass
by bus
to catch a bus
to get o n / o ff a bus
to miss a bus
to ride a bus
a school bus
a(n) (over)crowded, packed bus
to take a bus
to wail for a bus
a double-decker
a river bus
a bus sto p / a bus shelter
a bus station
a ca b / a taxi
to tak e/ get a cab / a taxi
to call (som ebody) a cab / a taxi
to hail a ta x i/ a cab
a taxi rank (B r E )/ a taxi stand (Am E)
to get in / into a car
to get out o f a car
a trolleybus
to change (at) some place
“All change!” (used to tell passengers
to get off a train because it does not go
any further)
the m o rning/ evening rush h o u r/ peak hour
heavy traffic
to be stuck in a traffic jam
a tim e-table (Br E )/ a schedule (Am E)
S o r t o u t t h e w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s fr o m t h e V o c a b u la ry b o x u n d e r t h e fo llo w in g c a t e g o r i e s :
1.
2.
3.
M eans o f tran sport
P articipants o f traffic
T ran sp o rt fares
4.
5.
6.
Equipm ent and facilities
G etting about
Inconveniences o f getting about town
A nsw er th e q u e stio n s.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
W hat kinds o f public transport do you have in the place where you live/ study?
How often do you use public transport?
Do you find the public transportation in K harkiv and other large cities in U kraine reliable and
convenient? W hy? W hy not?
Do you have to change several kinds o f tran sp o rt to get to the university from your h o m e/ dorm ?
How long does it take you to get to the university on average?
W hich kind o f public transport do you thin k the best? W hich is the worst?
Do you consider transport fares in o u r country reasonable? Why? Why not?
How well do different kinds o f public transport in your city/ town connect with each other?
W hat would you like to change in the system o f public transportation in o u r country?
D o you have to pay full fore or can you use a ticket at a reduced price? W hat social groups in our
co untry have fare benefits? W hat are they?
Have you ever got stuck in a traffic jam ? W hat did you do?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- U n it 7. Out and a b o u t —
28 C i r c l e
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
t h e c o r r e c t w o r d in t h e s e n t e n c e s .
T he driver told her to get i n / to get on the car and fasten the seat belt.
Yesterday I got up late and lost/ missed the school bus.
Public transport charges/fares are getting m ore expensive.
Buses to the airport take o ff/ run every twenty m inutes.
Getting o ff/ getting out o f the tram car, she dropped her gloves.
The airport was jam m ed with thousands o f passengers/ commuters from delayed and cancelled flights.
A nn rid es/ drives the bus to work; it lakes her h a lf an hour to get there.
We were stuck in h a rd / heavy traffic for m ore than an hour.
She got o ff/g o t out o f the car and slam m ed the door.
T he vast m ajority o f suburban com m uters/ passengers were unable lo get to New York because o f
traffic congestion.
29 Fill in t h e
g a p s w i t h t h e d e r i v a t i v e s o f t h e w o r d s g i v e n in b r a c k e t s .
Public tran sp o rt is a tran sp o rta tio n I)_________________(serve) that is 2)__________________(avail)
to the general public, and th at carries passengers to 3)_________________ (destine) for a fee.
Besides the 4)_________________ (common) know n and widely used underground, buses, tram cars,
trolleybuses, it may include taxicabs, jitneys, and d ial-a-rid e services. T hey provide shortdistance tran sp o rtatio n for sm all groups o f passengers. A taxicab is an autom obile operated by
a 5)_________________ (drive) and hired by users for an individual trip. Taxicabs have the highest outof-pocket cost o f all types of public tran sp o rtatio n , but taxicab service is closest in convenience to
the private autom obile. Jitneys are 6)_________________(private) owned large cars or vans that usually
operate on fixed routes but w ithout fixed schedules. Jitneys are a 7)_________________(flex) m eans of
public tran sp o rtatio n , although they also tend to add to traffic 8)_________________(congest). D iala-ride services consist o f m inibuses or vans that arc directed from a 9)_________________ (centre)
dispatch ing office as the service is requested. The 10)_________________(dispatch) plans the routes
so that as m any passengers as possible are served on a single trip. D ial-a-ride services are slower and
less direct than taxicabs but generally are cheaper as well.
30 C o m p l e t e
t h e s e n t e n c e s w ith a n a p p r o p r i a t e w o r d o r e x p r e s s i o n fro m t h e bo x .
• cyclists
•speed lim it
• traffic
• bus stop
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
• m otorway
•junction
• pedestrians
• roundabout
•pedestrian crossing
• one-way
• bus lanes
• petrol station
• traffic lights
• bridge
• road works
• car park
We need to get some fuel. T h ere’s a _____________ just up the road.
T he fastest way o f getting from L ondon to Oxford is to take the
T here's always a lot o f _____________ on the roads in the m orning and evening.
T he H igh Street is closed because o f _____________ .
G o over t h e _____________ , tu rn left at the f i r s t _____________ , and then take the third exit on
t h e _____________ .
You c a n ’t leave your car here. You’ll have to use t h e _____________ .
M any towns have _____________ so that people using public transport can get into and out o f
town m ore quickly.
Wait for t h e __________ to tu rn green before you continue w alking across the street.
T h e _____________ in m ost towns and cities is 30 m iles per hour.
M a n y _____________ fail to keep th eir bicycles in good condition or obey the rules o f the road.
You c a n ’t tu rn right into that street. It’s a _____________ street.
W hen you’re driving through town, be careful o f _____________ crossing the street.
T h is road is very busy and dangerous. If you want to get to the o ther side, use t h e _____________ .
I need to get a bus into town. Is there a _____________ near here?
115
U n it 7. Out and about
XIV. READING AND SPEAKING
0 -j Work in three groups. Scan the te x t and find the information about:
Group 1: positive aspects o f the British public transport system:
Group 2: negative aspects (drawbacks) o f the system:
Group 3: the U K transport system as com pared to those o f other countries.
The public transport system in the UK
5
io
15
20
Public transport services in the U K vary from
region to region and town to town. In some
areas, services are excellent and good value for
money, while in others they’re infrequent, slow
and expensive. T he UK has no unified general
tran sp o rt policy, particularly a long-term
strategy that balances the needs o f the public
transport user against those o f the m otorist.
C o n seq u en tly , the UK has o n e o f th e m ost
congested an d ill-p la n n e d tra n sp o rt system s in
E urope. However, it isn’t always essential to own
a c a r in th e U K . p articu larly if you live in a
large tow n o r city w ith a d eq u ate public tra n sp o rt
(and w here p ark in g m ay be im possible, in any
case). O n th e o th e r h a n d , if you live in a rem ote
village o r a tow n away from th e m ain tra in and
bus routes, it’s usually essential to have your
ow n tra n sp o rt. P ublic tra n sp o rt is c h e a p e r if
yo u ’re able to take advantage o f th e wide range
o f d isco u n t tickets available. M any regions offer
co m b in ed bus, tra in , u n d e rg ro u n d (m etro) and
ferry passes, an d offer special rates for c h ild ren ,
stu d en ts, young people, p ensioners, fam ilies, the
unemployed and those receiving social security
benefits, in addition to off-peak travel reductions.
Students can obtain an International Student
Identity C ard (ISIC ), offering travel discounts in
the UK and worldwide.
Despite m ore people using public transport
in London than in any other European city
(L ondon has the world’s largest and oldest rail
and tube network), it has the m ost expensive
public transport o f any capital city in Europe,
with fares around four tim es those o f Rome and
som e 15 tim es more expensive than Budapest.
The percentage o f local residents using public
transport is, not surprisingly, very low. with
some 90 per cent o f all journeys m ade by car.
T he poor services and high cost o f public
transport have m ade a huge contribution to the
heavy road congestion, with traffic levels in the
south-east and other heavily populated areas
approaching saturation point. Traffic congestion
is especially com m on during the peak hours
at 7:30—9:30 am. 12—2 pm and 4:30—6:30 pm
on weekdays, or in shopping areas during
weekends.
A part from the environm ental dam age
caused by the ever increasing num ber o f cars,
road congestion costs businesses billions o f
pounds a year w hich, when added to the cost
o f road accidents, suggests a huge com m ercial
benefit would be reaped from im proved public
25
30
35
40
45
50
U n it 7. Out and about
v
tran sp o rt. One o f the biggest problem s facing the
UK is that it’s m uch cheaper to ru n a car than
it is to use the railways. Most analysts believe
the situation must be reversed if the UK isn’t
to suffer alm ost perm anent gridlock in its m ajor
cities in the next decade or so.
Rising levels o f traffic pollution are choking
the U K ’s cities, where asthm a and other
bronchial com plaints have increased hugely
in recent years. M any experts believe the only
answ er is to make town centres more pedestrianfriendly and severely lim it traffic in towns and
cities (as is done in m any European countries),
while at the sam e tim e investing heavily in non-
polluting public transport systems. A lthough
the UK killed off its tram s (which in m ainland
Europe still perform an excellent role midway 70
between a bus and a train) m any years ago,
a num ber o f cities have introduced (or are
planning to) new m etro, light rail transit and
supertram systems, and are banning cars from
city centres. London has recently introduced 75
a 'congestion charge' o f £8 for vehicles using
the central zone and this has already reduced
traffic density and shortened jo u rn ey times; it’s
likely that the zone to which the charge applies
will soon be enlarged to include parts o f west 80
London.
OO Compare the systems of public transport in the UK and Ukraine. Speak in term s of:
fares and discount tickets;
different public tran sp o rt prices;
m easures against traffic air pollution;
the choice o f tran sp o rt in the centre o f the city.
XV. WRITING
33 W rite a le tte r to your friend from
another country who asked you about:
how you usually get to university and how m uch you pay for all fares a m onth;
discounts people can have while using the public transport;
why very few people in U krainian cities use bicycles as a m eans o f transport.
34 W rite an article of 2 0 0 —2 50 words to a youth magazine about the most serious problem s
of the c ity / tow n / village you live in and suggest possible solutions.
Guidelines for writing an article
Give your article an interesting title.
T here is no fixed structure for an article, but it is im portant to have clear paragraphs. Use
discourse m arkers to link your points or argum ents.
M ake sure you use an appropriate style, neither very form al nor inform al.
M ake the introduction reasonably short. You could use a question or questions which you then
answ er in the article.
Try to engage the reader, e.g. by referring to your personal experience.
U n it 7. Out and about
XVI. REVISION TRANSLATION
35 Translate into English.
1.
К ім берлі зр о стал а в сільській
місцевості. Її д и ти н с тв о п р о й ш ло
на фермі в о точ ен н і ланів і луків. Її
ж и ття було спокійним та розміреним.
Воно зд авал ося трохи нудним, коли
вона була п ід л ітком , п роте було дуж е
безпечним. Вона в сту п и л а до коледжу,
р о зташ о ван о м у в маленькому містечку,
як е було більш жвавим зі своїм и
крамницями, бібліотеками, ресторанами
і н авіть к іл ько м а музеями. О д н ак воно
не було ан і переповнено людьми, ані
забруднене, і К ім берлі почувалася дуже
комфортно. їй п одоб алося бурхливе
життя сту д м істечка. Вона всю ди їзд и л а
на велосипеді і вваж ала це зручним,
том у щ о дорожній рух н ік ол и не був
н адто жвавим. П ісля за к ін ч е н н я
коледж у К ім попрямувала до вогнів
великого міста і о тр и м ал а роботу у
головн ом у оф ісі вел и кої к о м п а н ії
в Ч и каго . Т епер вона м еш кає в центрі
міста, і її о то ч у ю ть височенні хмарочоси
зам ість амбарів та конюшен. Затори
на дорогах і натовпи люду додають
сгресу її ж и ттю . Безпритульні, що
жебракують на в у л и ц ях , га байдуже
обслуговування у в ел и к и х торгівел ьн и х
ц ен трах зм у ш ую ть її сум увати за
миром і спокоєм сільського життя.
К оли вона вийде зам іж , вона нап евне
переїде у передмістя і повернеться
ближче до природи. Вона буде щ асл и ва
п о к и н у ти шалену гонитву за успіхом
і переключитися на більш повільний
темп життя. Хоча їй доведеться
регулярно їздити на роботу у місто,
вона зможе налагодити кращий баланс
між роботою і особистим життям. Вона
впевн ен а, що лю ди у передм істі живуть
більш дружною громадою, і вваж ає
зв о р у ш л и ви м те. шо вони вітаються
із сусід ам и і н авіть н езн ай о м ц я м и .
2 . Л іза в и їх ал а з дорожки перед
будинком, п рям ую ч и до головної
дороги, та коли б уди н ок зн и к за
п оворотом , зверн ула н а узбіччя, щ об
зробити т ел е ф о н н и й д звін о к. П отім
вона п ев н и й час їх ал а по головн ій
дорозі перед ти м , я к з ’їхати з полоси
швидкісного руху на крайню полосу
повільного руху. Ч ерез д ек іл ь к а м и ль
вона звернула на об’їзну дорогу
і к іл ь к а х в и л и н потом у з'їх ал а
з шосе. П еред нею була л и ш е вузька
грун това д орога, уздовж як ої р о с л и
лубові дерева і куш і.
3.
О би раю чи автівку, лю ди враховую ть
багато р ізн о м ан ітн и х ф ак то р ів.
Я к щ о ви м еш каєте у сіл ь сь к ій
м ісцевості і вам п отрібн о ш ось д л я
сіл ь сь к и х доріг, ви н ай вір о гід н іш е
оберете позашляховик або мінівен.
Седан більш п р и д атн и й д л я
м е ш к а н ц ів міста. Я к щ о ви лю би те
б іл ьш и й багажник, вам варто
ро згл ян у ти хетчбек. Д ля лю дей, які
п одорож ую ть автом обілем у сп равах
або д л я зад о в о л ен н я , о б о в'язко в а
н аяв н ість багажника на даху автівки.
М олоді лю ди — в ел и к і п р и х и л ь н и к и
спортивних авто з люком на даху або
машин з відкидним верхом. Лімузин
рідко к у п у ю ть д л я щ оденного
в и к о р и с тан н я , але зазв и ч ай
зам о в л я ю т ь д л я урочистих подій.
П енсіонери ч асто ш ук аю ть
будиночок-автопричіп, я к и й
д о зв о л и ть їм п одорож увати кр аїн о ю
з ком ф ортом і в своєм у тем п і.
U n it 7. Out and about
4.
С учасн е м істо може п о х вал и ти ся
ш и р о к и м вибором видів
громадського транспорту.
У більш ості міст світу ви мож ете
пересуватися автобусом, трам ваєм,
метро і, зв и ч ай н о , на таксі. Щ е
од н ією п еревагою є те, ш о для
м е ш к а н ц ів міста і навіть для
ту р и стів існую ть пільгові квитки.
Таксі мож е бути доволі д ороги м ,
але є деш евш а і здоровіш а
ал ьтер н ати в а. Б ільш ість м іст у
р о зв и н ен и х кр аїн ах п р о п о н у ю ть
програми аренди велосипедів (bicycle
reniai program m es/ a bicycle sharing
system / o r a bike share scheme).
Я к щ о ви хочете їзд и ти м істом на
велоси п еді, вп евн іться, щ о ви зн аєте
осн овн і правила дорожнього руху д л я
в елоси п ед истів. Чи зн аєте ви. якою
стороною дороги ви масте пересуватися?
їх ати проти руху н ад зв и ч ай н о
ри зи кован о. Вам також с л ід зн ати ,
я к подавати сигнали про свої наміри
водіям м аш и н . К рім ц ьо го , р о зу м н и м
буде вдягти шолом т а од яг яскрави х
кольорів. Беручи велосипед в аренду,
перевірте, ш об він був безпечним і
надійним на дорозі. Ланцюг, педалі та
коробка передач м аю ть бути на своїх
м ісц ях і в робочом у стан і, сідло та
руль — т а к и м и , ш о регулю ю ться,
а шини не п о в и н н і бути здутими.
Unit
ON
THE
MOVE
I. LEAD-IN
■j
Read the quotations and tell the group which of them re flec t your ideas about travelling.
“To travel is to discover th at everyone is wrong about other countries.”
(Aldous Huxley)
“ If you reject the food, ignore the custom s, fear the religion and avoid the people, you might
better stay at hom e.”
(James Michener)
“A m an travels the world over in search o f what he needs, and returns hom e to find it."
(George Moore)
“ I travel not to go anyw here, but to go. I travel for travel's sake. T he great affair is to move.”
(Robert Louis Stevenson)
“T here is a kind o f magic about going far away and then com ing back all changed.”
(Kate Douglas Wiggin)
2
Why do you think people travel? Complete the mind map with your ideas and discuss them in groups.
U n it 3 . On the move
ii.
vocabulary
a voyage
an expedition
a trip
in n n n r T iiM B ^ H ^ ^ H
a trek
an outing
a crossing
F in d t h e w o r d t h a t m e a n s t h e f o l l o w i n g :
a visit to a place for pleasure or a particular
purpose:
2 ) a tim e spent travelling from
one place to another, especially over
a long distance;
3) a long jo urney in a ship or spacecraft;
4). a journey for pleasure, during which you
visit several different towns, areas etc or
a short trip through a place to see it;
5) a jo u rn ey in a plane or space vehicle;
6) a jo u rn ey in a vehicle, when you are not
driving; a journey on a bicycle, a horse,
or a sim ilar anim al;
7) a journey in a car;
8 ) a long and carefully organized journey,
especially to a dangerous or unfam iliar
place, or the people that make this journey;
9) a long and difficult journey, m ade
especially on foot as an adventure,
synonym ‘h ik e’;
10) a short trip that a group o f people take for
pleasure:
a
short journey arranged so that a group
11)
o f people can visit a place, especially while
they are on holiday or a short journey m ade
for a p articu lar purpose;
a
short journey in a boat, ship o r ferry
12)
w hich goes from one side o f a sea, lake,
o r o th er area o f water to the other side.
1)
E x p lain t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n :
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
an excursion and an expedition;
a crossing and a voyage;
a drive and a ride;
a trip and a journey;
an outing and a tour.
a drive
an excursion
a tour
a flight
a journey
a ride
U n it 8 . On the move
Fill in t h e g a p s w i t h t h e w o r d s f r o m t h e V o c a b u l a r y b o x
in t h e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r m .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
D uring his ___________ , Len’s forty foot yacht was
battered by storm s, the m ain sail was ripped from
the m ast, and the mast itself was snapped.
The tourist agency offers a d d itio n a l___________to the
nearby spectacular waterfalls and an ancient castle.
T here are frequent ferry ___________ from the UK
to F rance from various ports on the south coast
o f England.
They got into a taxi, and on the 40-m inute
___________ back from the airport H enry told Susan
all about h i s ___________ to C anada.
Switzerland is only 20 m iles to the north, and
a th ree -h o u r c a r ___________ will take you to any one
o f five different countries.
T h e band's visit to Newcastle is part o f their brief U K
___________ to get in shape for a m ajor world
___________ w hich begins later this year.
The ___________ from L ondon was delayed, and it
was about three in the m orning when I finally got to
Venice.
T he adventurous can also canoe down the A m azon.
make a ___________ through the Patagonian uplands,
explore volcano craters, or sail round C ape Horn.
Here are som e attractive places to bear in m ind when
you feel like a day’s ___________ .
Two teenagers have chosen to bed down for the
night in a freezer as part o f their training for an
___________ to the A rctic Circle. They hope that a
good night o f shivering in sub-zero tem peratures will
prepare them for t h e ___________ .
Some people find it im possible to sleep a w ink on
a long n i g h t___________ in a train.
If you have a car. the distance is not a problem.
T he beach is just a 30-m inute ___________ from
the city centre.
U n it 8 . On the move
III. LISTENING
Listen to the text “ How to Have a Real A d venture” and decide whether the statem ents are true or false.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Kevin Sanders holds two G uinness world records for travelling around the globe.
He is now travelling from Alaska to A rgentina and is planning to com plete the journey
in 34 days.
Kevin’s team consists o f 13 m em bers.
In Alaska the team swam with polar bears in the A rctic O cean.
Travelling overland on the bike lets you experience all kinds o f weather.
Sim on Lynch considers travelling by train rom antic.
He travelled on the T rans-S iberian Express from M oscow to M ongolia for seven days.
D uring his jo u rn ey he met a lot o f different people as his fellow-travellers.
Travelling overland is beneficial both for the traveller and the country lie/ she is visiting.
IV. VOCABULARY ■ M f l l lilf r V l«
a
a
a
a
a
a
booking office =
ticket office
co m partm ent
carriage
sleeping car
d in in g car
a lounge car
an upper (lower) berth
bedding
a guard = an attendant
a through train
to change trains
a
a
a
a
a
a
com m uter train =
local train
season ticket
return ticket =
ro u n d -trip ticket
rail card
Give English equivalents.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
к в и то к на п оїздку туди і назад;
кв и то к н а весь сезон:
п р и м іськ и й п о тяг (електри чка);
п о стіл ьн а б іли зн а;
п р я м и й поїзд;
п р о в ід н и к ;
п ересад ж у вати ся з п отягу
на ін ш и й потяг;
с п а л ь н и й вагон;
вагон д л я с и д ін н я (з в ід к и д н и м и
кріслам и);
10) вагон -ресторан ;
11) верхня (н и ж н я ) полка;
12) вагон;
13) купе;
14) п іл ьгови й кв и то к (для студен тів.
пен сіонерів, ін в а л ід ів тощ о);
15). каса.
9)
Ü
CO
in the gaps.
■ticket inspector -departure lounge
•ticket office -check-in ’aisle "change
•wheeled suitcases •hand luggage
•overhead locker ’board -wrong
-runway *gate
’ platform -carry-ons
T hat was a to rtu ro u s journey, indeed! T he taxi was late picking up Joseph and his wife Linda, so they
got to the station two m inutes before their train left. T here was a long queue at t h e _________ (1), so they
went straight to t h e _________ (2) and got onto the train, which was ju st about to leave. W hen Joseph tried
to buy tickets from t h e _________ (3), he discovered that they were on t h e __________ (4) train. Joseph and
Linda had to get o ff at the next station and
_ (5) trains, which was a real nightm are as they had
two la rg e _________ (6), were carrying two _
(7) and a huge backpack!
W hen they arrived at the airp o rt, they had to queue for an hour at t h e ______
(8) to get th eir boarding
passes, and then they waited in t h e _________ (9) for two hours before being called to the
______ ( 10).
W hen they were finally allowed t o _________ (II) the plane, Joseph found that h e’d been given a window
seat, even though he'd asked for a(an)
(12) seat. And to make things worse, the plane sat on the
(13) for an hour o r so because o f a technical problem.
T he end o f the flight was ju st as bad. They landed with a huge bum p, t h e _____
(14) above L inda’s
seat flew open, and her o w n _________ (15) fell down and hit her on the shoulder.
123
U n it 8 . On the move
V. READING
Read the text and decide if the statements are true or false,
or the information is not given in the text.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
C onvenience is Ihc only dem and to trains in Europe.
Everything has changed for the better with railways
recently.
T he au th o r had to squeeze quite a lot into his itinerary.
T hough passengers are advised to travel light, there are
handy left luggage offices at the big stations.
Edinburgh boasts an interesting N ational Railway
M useum .
T he trip from E dinburgh to Liverpool was longer than
that from Liverpool to London.
T he au th o r preferred spending the nights at hotels rather
than on trains.
Oxford was the last place he visited during his journey.
S i
k.
Train Hopping through U.K.
(from the Vancouver Sun)
Septem ber 17, 2007
20
Europeans have long been fa n s o f rail travel. They
recognise its convenience: with trains departing fro m the
very centre o f cities, th ere’s no time wasted travelling
to satellite airports.
For Europeans who travel a lot it !v not enough fo r
trains to ju st be convenient. They want style. They want
breathtaking speed. They want razzle-dazzle.
A Canadian decides to tour Britain by train. Here
are his recollections.
It’s nearly 8:45 a.m . at L on d o n ’s chilly, ironfram ed K ings Cross Station and the final passengers
are hurrying to board as I sit back on the train , sip
my hot latte and flick through a Saturday new spaper.
T he carriages begin to move, and w ithin seconds
we burst from the sta tio n ’s shadow s into brillian t,
cloud-free sunlight. As the capital's brick-built skyline
fills the window s, my U.K. train odyssey begins. Like
so m any visitors with lim ited tim e and u n lim ited
d estinations on the m ust-see list, I ’m attem p tin g an
am bitious itinerary.
B ritain’s once-shabby railways have improved
greatly in recent years, with bright new train s and
replacem ent tracks increasing overall speed and
efficiency. But with these im provem ents have com e
substantial fare increases, leading to a near-revoll IS
am ong local co m m u ters and the rise o f cheap, n o ­
frills airlin es to fill the price gap
Luckily, for th o se like m e who prefer to avoid
out-o f-to w n airp o rts, there are several good-value
ILK. train passes that are only available to overseas 30
visitors
Enjoying a challenge and the ch an ce to win over
the confusing and pricey dom estic train ticket system .
I've decided to sec ju st how far I can get on a five-day
Bril Rail pass. Visiting places and m eeting people — 35
one feels the difference betw een "tran sp o rtatio n ’ and
‘travelling’ after nice social encounters!
A fter a snail’s-pace crawl through north London, we
speed into England's greenbelt, com plete with patchwork
fields and liny villages clustered around churches. As 40
I doze in the warm sun or study the rail map unfolded
before me. I decide that my first call should be York.
At just over two hours away, I’ll be there in tim e for
lunch.
U pon arrival. I check th e aftern o o n train tim es 45
and d ro p my bag at the left luggage counter. W hile
packing light is recom m ended for train treks, most
large stations have handy storage lockers or bag drop
U n it В. On the move
services, although prices can reach an eye-popping
5« S 12.62 per bag. Luggage-free, I follow th e signs for a
short stroll to the city centre.
Since Saturday is York’s traditional shopping day,
the w inding streets o f crooked Tudor buildings teem
w ith locals. H aving som e tim e to spare, I duck into
« th e adjacent N ational Railway M useum , w hich is
hom e to dozens o f old-school locom otives, including
the 1935 M allard — the w orld's fastest steam train.
I'm back on a slightly m ore m odern train by 3 p.m.
for a sweep up the eastern coastline to E dinburgh,
M less th an three hours away. O n arrival I w alk to the
hotel and go sightseeing. M aking for the historic
Royal M ile, I have a stom ach-stuffing d in n e r in a
bustling, h earth-w arm ed pub.
Up early next day 1 take photos o f the hilltop
65 castle then visit M ary K in g ’s C lose — an en tertain in g
underground attraction that takes visitors below the
Royal M ile to a catacom b-like area o f old hom es
w here the city poorest once lived.
Back on th e tra in by m id -a fte rn o o n — I ’ve picked
up san d w ich es an d new spapers for th e ride — th e 70
longest leg of my trek tak es m e dow n E n g la n d ’s
w estern (la n k to w ard s L iverpool. P assing by grey
peaks an d g la ssy -fla t lakes, an d c h a n g in g tra in s at
G lasgow an d C arlisle. I roll in to th e M erseyside
m e tro p o lis aro u n d 9 p.m .
75
I
haven’t visited th is dockyard city in 20 years,
and I d o n 't recognize an y th in g on the la m p -lit cab
ride to my hotel. But w hen I hit the streets the next
m o rn in g I discover lhat Liverpool is sp ru cin g -u p for
its reign as 2008 E uropean C apital o f C ulture.
80
I'm train-bound again by late aftern o o n going back
to L ondon. It’s been a tight schedule but being on
the (rain, rath er than following driving d irectio n s or
w aiting around in airp o rts, has been the trip ’s m ost
relaxing aspect. As I decide w hich L o n d o n -b o u n d 85
d ep a rtu re to take tom orrow , my eyes flick back to
the m ap and I im agine where I m ight go instead.
O xford looks tem pting...
10 Explain the highlighted words and phrases in the tex t in your own words.
^ -J M atch the phrases that mean the same.
1.
a satellite airport
a.
Hights w ithout unnecessary extras
2.
razzle-dazzJe
b.
useful and sim ple-to-use places for keeping luggage
3.
th e m ust-see list
c.
to run into som e place
4.
an am bitious itinerary
d.
to be full o f people who live there
5.
no-frills airlines
e.
some places one should visit by all m eans
6.
handy storage lockers
f.
an out-of-tow n airport
7.
to teem with locals
g.
to look neater and tidier
8.
to duck into
h.
a lot o f impressive and exciting activity
9.
to spruce up
i.
a challenging plan to visit a lot o f places
12 Find the English equivalents in the text.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
13 A)
захоплю ю ча дух ш ви д к ість;
зр у ч н о вл аш ту в ати сь у потязі;
п р о д и в л ят и ся суботн ю газету;
коли сь зан ед б ан а зал ізн и ц я ;
п ід ви щ у ю чи загал ь н у ш в и д к іс ть та
рен таб ел ьн ість;
зн ач н е п ід в и щ ен н я вартості проїзду;
п ер есу ван н я зі ш в и д к істю рав л и ка;
8)
9)
Ю)
11)
12)
зан ад то д орога в іт ч и зн я н а си стем а
за л ізн и ч н и х к в и тків ;
моя перш а зу п и н к а ;
подорож на таксі ву л и ц ям и у світлі
ліхтарів;
щ іл ь н и й розкл ад;
в ід п р ав л ен н я з Л ондону.
W hat makes going by train feel like travelling' and not just transportation?
B) Summarise all the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by train m entioned by the author.
Do you think he is for or against train journeys?
125
U n it 8 . On the move
VI. VOCABULARY
BOAT AND S H IP TY PES
a
a
a
a
a
barge
cargo boat =
cargo ship
ferry
houseboat
14 A)
a hovercraft
an icebreaker
a lifeboat
a liner
an oil tanker
a
a
a
a
raft
rowing boat
subm arine
yacht
Label the pictures and say w here you can see these vessels: on a river, canal, lake,
at a sea, in an ocean, in a harbour, underwater?
E.g.: / think a liner is most likely to be seen a t a sea or in an ocean.
126
U n it 8 . On the move —
_ £ Which vessel:
1)
takes passengers and vehicles across an area o f water
as a regular service?
2)
moves over both land and water, raising itself above
the surface by blowing a ir downwards?
3)
can break through floating ice?
4)
is used for racing o r sailing for pleasure?
5)
is used on rivers o r canals for transporting cargo stacked
or heaped on its m ain deck?
6)
is kept on 3 ship for em ergences?
7)
is used by people as their hom e and kept in one place
on a river o r canal?
8)
carries a large am ount o f liquid fuel?
9)
carries goods, and m aterials from one port to another?
10)
can travel under water?
11)
is a flat floating structure m ade o f pieces o f wood tied
roughly together?
12)
i'. like a hotel that people travel on for pleasure?.
13)
is moved by pulling oars through the water?
................ • '• id 1'1"Mm
ikait-.'gKu.itniiiig
a
a
a
u
*•- VJ
IM
crcvv
navigator
m ate
seam an - a sailor
a deck
MV. ,
a life jacket
to em bark/ drsembarl
,a
P
P
\V'
1
' "
'
i1
W Tl
iJHtnjl
•
1
seasickness/
i ■ 1___
tp h e seasick,
overboard
— U n it 8 . On the m ove --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 Choose the correct item .
1.
T he sh ip ’s captain and the m em bers o f t h e _________ welcomed their passengers on board.
a) team ;
2.
b) cast:
b) em bark;
b) cook;
b) pier;
d) life raft.
c) airsickness;
d) car sickness.
Never throw a n y th in g _________ , and be aware o f m arine life in the waters around you.
b) overboard;
c) seaboard:
d) inboard.
T he lo w e r_________ o f the California is configured for econom y class, with a capacity
o f 399 seats.
b) bunk;
c) cabin;
d) deck.
W ith 58 d e lu x e _________ , each with a sm all private balcony, the Oberoi Philae offers all m odern
conveniences.
11.
b) bunks ;
c) cabins;
d) decks.
I went up to my cabin and lay on m y _________ but it was too wired to sleep on.
a) bunk;
b) sleeping bag;
c) ham m ock;
d) cot.
A r e g a tta _________ o f 18 vessels included m any th at were sailing in an open event for the first
time.
a) flock;
13.
d) guidepost.
c) life jacket;
b) travel sickness;
a) com partm ents;
12.
c) lighthouse;
b) life m ask:
a) co m p artm ent;
10.
d) mate.
Keep in m ind that using binoculars on a boat for an extended period o f tim e could increase
chances o f _________ .
a) onboard;
9.
c) engineer;
It does not m atter who you are or what age you are, everyone must have their o w n _________ on
when in a boat.
a) seasickness;
8.
d) engineer.
T he attem pt to build a _________ on a reef 12 miles o ff the coast was one o f the heroic
engineering feats o f the day.
a) life belt;
7.
c) seam an;
b) n a v ig a to r;
a) breakwater;
6.
d) take.
A ( n ) _________ is a ship’s officer who is one rank below the captain.
a) sh ip ’s boy;
5.
c) enter;
T he Royal Yachting Association has developed a range o f train in g courses th at will tu rn you
into a s k ille d _________ capable o f directing a course when travelling in the ocean.
a) navigator;
4.
d) crew.
“ W atch your step as y o u _________ the ship." said the captain.
a) catch:
3.
c) staff;
b) fleet;
c) group;
d) com pany.
An abundance o f shallow reefs have m ade the British Virgin Islands a scuba divers’ paradise and
a boat cap tain’s nightm are. Here, t h e _________ of a tugboat rests in its sandy C aribbean grave.
a) splinter;
128
b) rem ains;
c) wreck;
d) rem ainder.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 8 . On the move ~
VII. LISTENING
16
How would you describe a sea cruise? Give reasons.
17
exciting
awful
bum py
expensive
exasperating
com fortable
unbelievable
am azing
stress free
relaxing
frustrating
Listen to the text about advantages and disadvantages of taking cruises and fill in the table.
D isadvantages
Advantages
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
129
U n it 8 . On the move
VIII. READING
■J0 Read the texts and decide which cruise company (A—C):
ca te rs esp ecially for elderly tra v e le rs _________
provides spas, sp o rts clubs a n d salo n s o n b o a r d ______
can c h a n g e itin e ra rie s if n e c e s s a r y ___________
b o asts h ig h q u a lity p e r f o r m a n c e s ___________
offers reaso n ab le p r i c e s __________________
e n su re s a high q u ality m ed ical s e r v ic e _________
is p ro u d o f its navig atio n al e q u ip m e n t_________
is su itab le for p eo p le o f all ages
provides service in u n fav o u rab le w e a th e r c o n d itio n s
offers enjoyable in te lle c tu a lly c h a lle n g in g e v e n ts ___
offers a c h o ice o f vario u s v e s s e ls _________
A. Disney Cruises
G iven th e n o tio n s asso ciated w ith th e D isney
b ran d , it w ould be easy for o n e to a ssu m e th a t a
D isney c ru ise w ould e ith e r be targ eted d ire c tly
at fam ilies w ith c h ild re n o r y o u n g er g e n e ra tio n s
in general. But in fact, the D isney c ru ise line is
suitab le for p a rtie s b o th y o u n g a n d o ld , o r big
a n d sm all.
T h e D isney c ru ise line c u rre n tly o p e ra te s
4 d ifferen t sh ip s d u b b e d th e D re a m . F an tasy ,
M agic a n d W onder. W h ile eac h o f th e se
sh ip s have th e ir ow n u n iq u e d is tin c tio n s , th e
o n - b o a rd lu x u ries re m a in largely c o n s ta n t:
re s ta u ra n ts th a t w ill be su fficie n t to feed even
the m ost so p h istic a te d o f trav elers, live show s
o f th e q u a lity s im ila r to th a t o f a B roadw ay
p e rfo rm a n c e a n d o th e r fo rm s o f e n te r ta in m e n t
to p a rta k e in th a t w ill a p p e al to a varied
au d ie n c e .
W h ile it’s tru e th a t v irtu a lly ev ery th in g on a
D isney c ru ise c a n be enjoyed by everyone, th ere
are area s th at c a te r sp ecifically tow ards adults.
First an d forem ost, th e re are world class spas
and salons w ith w orld class m assage c en te rs
and relaxing sau n a s, c o u n tle ss sp o rts clubs,
n ig h tclu b s, lounges a n d bars th at each features
th e ir ow n u n iq u e ch a ra c teristic s.
B. Cunard and Silversea Cruises
T h e re are a h a n d fu l o f featu res in th ese c ru ises
th a t ra n k th e m h ig h e r in th e list o f p rio rities for
senio rs. L e t’s tak e a look at so m e o f th e m .
The Itinerary: T h is tak es g re a te r im p o rta n c e
5 for se n io rs th a n for y o u n g er cru ise rs. C h a n c e s
are th e o ld e r folks have traveled to m any
d e stin a tio n s before. O n th e ir c ru ise , th ey w ant
to go som ew here new, som ew here th e y ’ve never
b een to before.
10
Enrichment and Social Programs: Active
sen io rs are alw ays lo o k in g for ways to keep th e ir
130
to
15
20
25
U n it 8 . On the move
grey m atter in tip -to p shape. One o f the best
ways to keep th eir brain active during a cruise
is through num erous program s and quiz shows
15 onboard.
Options fo r Different Age Groups: O lder people
will be m ore likely to travel with their relatives
and family. It's not at all uncom m on to find
seniors cruising with a grandson w ho’s a few
decades younger! In light o f that, cruise lines 20
that have options for different age groups are
prized-finds for seniors.
Accessible and Top-Notch Care: Due to age,
older cruisers may suffer from m obility or health
issues. It’s no surprise that accessible and first- 25
rate m edical care and related services are high
on th eir list.
C. Caribbean Seasonal Cruises
Is it possible to cruise to the C aribbean
during hurricane season?
Absolutely! No m atter what the season, cruising
to the C aribbean can be a worthwhile, rewarding
5 experience for both young and old. However, to
repeat a well-known cliché, you should prepare
for the worst and hope for the best.
If we are to talk about probabilities and
statistics, the chances o f your cruise being
ie totally affected by terribly bad w eather are next
to nothing.
With cruise ships built through top-notch
engineering and equipped with advanced
satellite devices, it’s very easy for staff m em bers
15 and crews to keep labs o f a storm 's path. And
if necessary, they can quickly steer the ship to a
safer, hurricane-free route. Well, it can be tricky
for a cruise line to find safer and alternate places
to dock especially if nearby docks are booked
20 with o th er ships which are looking for shelter
from the same storm . The most straightforw ard
solution is to switch.
H ere’s an example: Let's say you booked a
cruise with an Eastern C aribbean itinerary.
T h a n k s ’ to a raging hurricane, however, the
ship's cap tain and crew may decide to sail to
ihe W estern C aribbean instead.
Yes, d u rin g the h u rric an e season, it’s
possible to m iss p o rts and cru ise d estin atio n s
you have prepared for in weeks o r even m onths.
A nd h e re ’s a n o th e r im p o rta n t th in g to take
note of: you w on't get co m p en sated for the
m issed ports. Lines have the right lo alter or
scratch o ff c e rta in p o rts and d estin atio n s. But
hey, it's b e tte r to be safe th a n sorry! Besides.
one th in g cru isers can be really happy about
is th a t, betw een m id -Ju ly and early O ctober,
d isco u n ts and affordable cru ise packages
abound!
However, this is not the tim e lo plan an
occasion on a cruise like holding a family
holiday or getting m arried in St. T hom as. As
m entioned earlier, itineraries can change and it
can foil your celebration plans.
If you w ere to plan a cruise, which cruise company would you choose and why?
131
25
30
35
40
U n it 8 . On the move
IX. VOCABULARY
•
UMMl7Tf:VJ : !
to check-in; a check-in counter
an excess baggage charge
a boarding pass
a window se a t/ a m iddle se a t/ an aisle seat
duty-free
a d eparture lounge/ an arrival lounge
je t lag
luggage claim
to delay a flight
to cancel a flight
a runway
to take off
to land
a bum py flig h t/ landing
a flight attendant
luggage conveyor belt (B r E) = a baggage
carousel [ksra’sel] (Am E)
a connecting flight
an em ergency exit
an em ergency landing
a gate
an X-ray m ach in e / belt
20 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words and phrases.
to board her plane
the duty-free shop
the luggage claim
the newsstand
the turbulence
the security check
to be loaded into the hold
carry -o n luggage
the in -flight safety
the d eparture lounge
to catch her plane
on the runway
a window seat
jet lag
an excess baggage charge
a boarding pass
flying weather
the check-in co u n ter
Alicia arrives at the airp o rt (1)
to Tokyo. At (2) _________
ticket agent looks at her passport, and her baggage is weighed on the scales. A licia’s suitcases are
very heavy, so she has to pay (3) ______________________ for additional weight. Next she is given
(4 )
to get on the plane. It has a seat num ber w ritten on it, and A licia is given
(5 )
. H er suitcases are labelled and sent o ff ( 6 ) _______________________o f
the airplane.
W hile w aiting for the flight to be called, A licia goes to ( 7 ) ___________________
___________ to buy a new spaper.
T h en she goes th ro u g h (8) ______________________ , where her (9) ___________
___________________ th at she is
going to keep with her on the plane is searched. T h en A licia goes into (1 0 )______________________ where
she has a ch an ce to buy som e th in g s cheaply. T he goods she buys here are cheap because they are not
taxed.
In (1 1 )______________________ , A licia jo in s the o th er passengers who are sitting and w aiting for th eir
flight. A fter a few m inutes, A licia hears the a n n o u n c em en t, “ F light 156 to Tokyo now b oarding at G ate
th re e ,” and she goes ( 1 2 )______________________ .
Fortunately, there is no delay and soon the pilot greets the passengers. O ne o f the flight atten d an ts
gives ( 1 3 )______________________ dem onstration and asks the passengers to place th eir m obile phones in
'flig h t safe m o d e,’ to tu rn o ff their laptops and tablet PC s and to fasten the seat-belts. T he plane drives out
(14 )
, speeds up and takes off. A few m inutes later, the C ap tain tu rn s o ff the fasten
seat-belt sign, w hich m eans it’s now possible to do som e work on her laptop. A lthough they take o ff in perfectly
(15 )
, the flight tu rn s out to be quite bum py as there is a storm over the Pacific.
A licia d o esn ’t m anage to get any work done because o f (16) ______________________ and spends the
en tire flight w atching in-flight en tertain m e n t program m es.
O n arrival, A licia picks up her suitcase at (17) ______________________ , and catches a taxi
to her hotel. She needs to get som e rest because she knows full well th a t she w on’t suffer from
(1 8 )______________________ after a good n ig h t’s sleep.
132
Sort out the sentences according to the places.
1.
2.
3.
4.
At the check-in counter
At the security check point
In the d ep artu re lounge
On the plane
__ D o you have your booking reference?
___C ould you lake o ff your coat, please?
___Last call for passenger Smith travelling to
M iam i, please proceed im m ediately to G ate
num ber 32.
___C ould you please put that in the overhead
locker?
___Please take your laptop out o f its case.
___ Please turn o ff all m obile phones and
electronic devices.
___ We’d like to apologise for the delay
o f Flight 3056 to Edinburgh.
___Did you pack your bags yourself?
___ I’m afraid you c a n ’t lake that through.
___Please pay attention to this short safety
dem onstration.
___Flight 5678 to Rom e has been cancelled due
lo the bad w eather conditions.
___T h ere’s an excess baggage charge o f £30.
___C ould I see your passport and boarding
card, please?
___ Please fasten your seatbelt and return your
seat to the upright position.
___ “ Would you like a window o r an aisle seat?
___C ould you put any m etallic objects into
the tray, please?
Which factors are the most im portant for you when travelling by air? Rank them (1—9) in order
of im portance. Give your reasons.
___flight schedule
___ com fort o f a scat, leg space
___ ticket price
___ luggage allowance
___ free d rin k s
'"'t-F
___ in-flight en tertain m en t
___ quick chcck-in
___ helpful and friendly staff
__ possibility to use a laptop, sm artphone
*• -or o ther gadgets _ m
Find the odd one out.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
a gate, an overhead locker, a runway,
flight connections:
luggage claim , hand luggage,
an overhead locker, a porter:
a life-jacket, a deck, a m ast, a crossing;
a ticket inspector, a captain,
a flight atten d an t, a ticket agent;
a cruise, a trek, a cabin, a ferry;
8)
9)
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
?SQWUj(ll;'l WWHlllfl trip ticket,
rail dftflQ, lr boarding pa
departure lounge, an arrival lounge,
runway, a check-in:
luggage carousel, a trolley, a platform ,
carry-on: .
dining car, an u p p er berth, a cabin,
com m uter train.
X. READING
24
Read the te x t and answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
W hat was the w eather like?
How does the au th o r describe the atm osphere at the airport?
Why was the custom er service departm ent o f M eridian A irlines underm anned?
W hat did the custom er service agent look like?
Why did Linda ask her husband to ch arter an airplane to London?
W hat was her husband’s reaction?
W hy was Jason Lao so careful o f finances?
Chicago O ’H are Airport
(from “Turbulence" by John J. Nancy)
Illinois 11:30 a.m.
T he windy city awakened to the usual
traffic mess o f a weekday Ju n e m orning with
tem peratures h itting the m id-seventies* by
eight. By noon, the therm om eters were pushing
ninety* and rising at roughly the same rate as the
tempers of m any o f those converging on O ’Hare
by bus, van. taxi, and car through the m edium
o f hopelessly jam m ed freeways.
T he airp o rt itself was in a state of meltdown.
10 O ’H are
was overcrowded, overheated, and
overused, with no relief in sight from the
constant pressure to add m ore flights and m ore
passengers, and keeping the intricate airport
m achine balanced, oiled, and ru n n in g was a
15 daily battle. Any m istake could cause a cascadc
o f delayed and canceled nights, the effects o f
e gate holds, delays, and more
cancellations across the U nited States.
Passengers struggled through the sweltering
20 heat and crowded confusion o f the sidewalk
to get to the ticket counters inside, which were
grossly underm anned and denned by unending
lines. It was a depressing gam e understood by
m ost.
Agents cost money, and M eridian A irlines
25
w anted as few o f them as possible. A M eridian
customer-service agent in a w rinkled blazer and
badly stained tie turned from his latest close
encounter with a furious custom er and checked
30 his watch, disappointed to see it was only fifteen
m inutes past twelve. He could see a frazzledlooking couple approaching from the right, their
eyes locked on his red coat, but he raised his
*75 °F (F a h ren h e it) — above 25 degrees Celsius.
90 F (F a h re n h e it) — above 35 degrees Celsius.
134
eyes instead to the driveway outside, his attention
caught by a stretch limo. W ho. he wondered,
would emerge from the long, black C adillac? It
could be M adonna, who was in town, or some
political superstar. But most likely it was just
som e unknow n fool with too much money. In
any event, it gave him an cxcuse to ignore the
obviously unhappy couple a few seconds longer.
He hated the custom ers. He hated M eridian.
And he hated his job. M ore than anything else,
he hated the fact that he’d worked for M eridian
too long to quit, and had too m uch invested not
to care about being fired — som ething he and
most o f the contract em ployees were threatened
with weekly.
T he driver o f the lim o cam e around and
opened the rear door, and the supervisor watched
a young Asian couple unfold them selves from
the rear seat. T he m an and w om an stood on the
curb, trying to come to grips with the confusion.
It's nobody, the supervisor said to him self and
turned to other oncom ing custom ers.
At the curb. Jason Lao pulled his briefcase
from the interior o f the lim o and nodded
uncom fortably to the driver. H e'd signed the
invoice and paid a reasonable tip before getting
out, and now all he w anted was distance from
the car before som eone recognized him .
A skycap had turned and spotted them as likely
candidates as they each pulled th eir large rolling
bags across the in n er drive.
“ Folks, can I help you?” he asked.
Jason nodded and let him take charge o f the
bags.
“ W here are you going today?” the skycap
added.
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
“ London,” Linda said with a toss o f her head,
not caring who knew how excited she was.
He nodded and began loading the bags on a
h an d c art as Linda look Jason’s arm and guided
him through the autom atic doors.
Linda Lao knew that whenever Jason had
to go to the airp ort, he was lightly wound,
dem anding much o f him self and others. He
was successful because he lived and breathed
custom er service — a term that, in his words, had
V* become an oxymoron in commercial aviation.
Every foray to the airp o rt was an agony for
Linda, who hated w atching her husband angered
and stressed by typically hideous service. Even
the snowstorm o f post-flight complaint letters
p he usually w rote w asn’t as annoying as just
w atching the tension eat at him — which was
w hy she had all but begged him to charter a jet
for the trip to London.
T he reaction had been predictable. Jason
was a frugal m an from a frugal fam ily who had
survived and prospered in H ong Kong by being
frugal. A price tag approaching th irty thousand
dollars for a chartered jet com pared with coach
fares under two thousand had horrified him .
»5
“At least gel us first class, th en ,” she’d
begged.
"O u r employees d o n 't fly first class, and
neither do we,” he’d said.
"But your com pany isn't paying for this trip.
IN We are.”
25
“All the m ore reason. W e’re not so good we
ca n 't fly coach.”
“Jason, honey, coach is all right for dom estic
flights, but it’s horrible for international!”
The lim o was the only exception he’d make, and
she knew she’d be hearing about that for the next
two weeks: the cost, the em barrassm ent, the wrong
message it sent. It am used her som etim es that he
was so careful o f finances and o f his image as a
leader. They had struggled for years in C alifornia to
make it, and now they had. “ But precisely when,”
she asked him on a regular basis, “are we planning
on spending som e o f the fortune we’ve earned?"
“Over my dead body will we pay thirty
thousand for tran sp o rtatio n , and th a t’s th a t,” h e’d
said, and her years as the dutiful child o f C hinese
parents had kicked in, m aking her agree with her
husband.
A nd now she regretted giving in.
“ W hich gale?”
L inda looked around, startled. “ W hat?”
Jason was sm iling. “ W hich gate?” he asked
again as he pulled the carry-ons off the X-ray belt,
snapping L inda back to the present. She realized
they were already through the checkpoint, and it
was disorienting to see her husband still calm .
“G ate... B -lh irty -th ree ,” she replied, fum bling
with the ticket. “ M eridian Flight Six. I saw the
screen. It’s showing on time.”
They changed course
for the
adjacent
105
concourse...
Explain the highlighted words and phrases in the te x t in your own words.
Find the words and phrases in bold which mean the same:
1) a co n fro n tatio n, m eeting;
2) careful with m oney;
3) very unpleasant, disgusting;
4) a procedure where a takeoff is delayed
because o f bad weather;
5) extrem ely tired, exhausted;
6) not having enough workers to do a job;
7) a place at the airport where tickets are sold;
8) som eone whose job is to help passengers
with th eir luggage at an airport;
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
a price for a less expensive class
o f seating on an airplane;
to hire a plane to fly to a specific
destination on a certain day;
pieces o f luggage suitable for being
carried aboard an airplane bv a passenger;
an airp o rt term inal area where gates
leading to an aircraft are located;
to m anage, to cope with.
A) There w ere quite a lot of problems the ground personnel at O’ Hare airport had to face on that
particular day. M ake a list of those problems.
B) Linda and Jason Lao are telling their friends about their experience at O ’Hare airport. W hat do
you think they could speak about?
135
no
its
120
125
130
XI. SPEAKING
2 Q Student A from Ukraine is planning to spend his/ her summer holidays travelling around the UK.
Student B, his/ her friend who is an exchange student at Leeds University, is helping Student A
to plan the itinerary.
STU D EN T A
1.
2.
3.
ST U D E N T B
Say that your parents
have given you some
money for your
birthday and you plan
to visit the U K . Ask
Student B to advise
you on w hat you
should start with.
T h an k your friend
for the idea. M ention
that it’s going to be
your first experience
o f international travel.
Toll you r'friend how
!(>IIL'
! !v
s ta v i® IflL o iu lo n .md
w|Jiai$wi.wojirkl like «)
Strongly recom m end
Student A to book
a flight to London
as early as possible.
Suggest doing it online
and explain why.
,
Talk about possible
problem s at the check-in
counter, excess luggage,
safety precautions at
H IM «
the airp o rt and in-flight 'r,'W
^regulations.
uggest that Student
, should take a cruise
n the T ham es, and
i|n tio n what sights h e /
* H ^ i t e ^ e j a b i e to
\ n form y
lh a ih v /
Oxford b
I rain.
Ui
5.
Ask in h ere -T re ;
b o r n N,1. Oxford,
Hviwiu love lo join
dent A If lie / she
goes there
,i:u
U n it 8 . On the move —
XII. WRITING
Writing Letters of Complaint.
A) Fill in the gaps in the sample com plaint le tte r to a travel agency for sending the wrong tickets.
book a ticket for
carelessness shown by your staff
getting a waitlisted ticket
a week in advance
co n firm my travel plan
suffer inconvenience
was delivered a ticket
arrange for a confirm ed ticket
an im m ediate response
D ear Sir or M adam ,
I am w riting to inform you that my travel plans have been jeopardized, on account of
( I ) ______________________________ booking the tickets. I had requested your m anager. Mr. S harm a,
to (2 )______________________________ D elhi by Shatabdi Express, for 9th Septem ber. Today to my horror,
I ( 3 ) ______________________________ for 11th Septem ber that is o f no use to me.
I have to be in D elhi on the 10th m orning to attend a sem inar in which I am presenting a paper. It was
on account o f this, I had booked my ticket ( 4 ) ______________________________ , as 1 did not want to risk
(5 )
. I am hereby returning the ticket and would like you to im m ediately
(6 )
for 9th by Shatabdi Express or any o ther suitable train. I shall expect
(7)
co n firm in g the status o f my ticket by today evening. T his is
im perative, for 1 have to ( 8 ) ______________________________ to my host. Besides, I have to make other
necessary arrangem ents that I am unable to do now.
M eanw hile, you should investigate as to how this happened and ensure that this does
not recur in future. T his would be in your own business interest, so that clients like me do not
( 9 ) ______________________________on account o f lapses at your end.
I would appreciate your special attention to this very serious issue.
Sincerely,
Kevin Ree
B) W rite a Complaint L etter to an Airline.
You booked an aisle seat for your B ritish A irw ays flight in the econom y class to ensure you
would be sittin g w here you w anted and not w here they put you and paid £37 for that service.
O n b o a rd , you found out th at the airlin e had m istakenly given the sam e seat to a n o th e r passenger.
W rite a letter o f co m p lain t to the m anagem ent o f the airlin e about the situation you found y ourself
in and the inefficient actio n s o f the flight atte n d a n ts. Follow the given guidelines. Begin your
letter like this:
To Whom It M ay C oncern/ Dear Customer Relations Department.
Paragraph 1: Briefly and clearly state the overall problem. Include details and dates of your fight.
Paragraph 2: Describe the incident as clearly as possible.
Paragraph 3: State what you expect the airline to do.
W rite a le tte r to your friend and tell him / her about your plans to go on a river cruise in Europe
next summer. Describe what the travel agency offers and w hat your expectations are. (Find factual
Information on the Internet about river cruises in Europe.)
XIII. REVISION TRANSLATION
ß 'j Translate into English.
1.
М и тр охи не спізнилися на потяг.
К оли ми п о тр ап и л и на платформу,
провідники п роси л и всіх, окрім
пасажирів, зал и ш и ти погяг. На щ астя,
наш вагон був недалеко, і ми встигли
сісти в потяг вчасно. Наш спальний
вагон був зап о в н е н и й , але в н аш ом у
купе не було ін ш и х п асаж и р ів ,
і м и п о к л ал и речі п ід нижню полку
і нареш ті зм огли п р о стягти втом лені
н о ги .
2.
Е динбург був в к л ю ч ен и й до списку
міст, які неодмінно треба відвідати,
отж е ми ви р іш и л и п оїхати туди,
хоча від н аш ого м іста не ходив
прямий поїзд, і нам довел ося двічи
пересаджуватися. А ле п ів н іч н у
сто л и ц ю варто було п о д и в и ти ся,
і ми про це не ж алкуєм о.
3.
Багато місцевих жителів, хто їздив
на роботу потягом, зм уш ен і були
пересісти на дешеві авіарейси, коли
ціни на залізничні квитки п ід в и щ и л и сь.
Залізничні компанії н ам агал и ся
п о ясн и ти , щ о нові п отяги та
м о д ер н ізован і колії заб езп еч и л и вищ у
ш в и д к ість і більш у еф е к ти в н ість , але
ц ін а все ше була зан ад то високою
н авіть на сезонні або пільгові квитки.
4.
Моя бабуся р о зп о від ал а, щ о десь
со р о к р о к ів том у поіздка потягом
була сп р ав ж н ь о ю пригодою . Вона
могла тр и вати д е к іл ь к а д н ів.
П одорож ую чи п отягом , мож на
було леж ати на верхній полиці та
м и л у вати ся к р аєв и д ам и . М ож на
було п отовари ш увати з супутниками,
перекусити у себе в купе або піти
поїсти до вагону-ресторану. С ьогодні
не тіл ьк и п отяги , а і пасажири
зм ін и л и с я . П ісл я того я к провідник
збере квитки га розд асть постільну
білизну, багато з п аса ж и р ів п р о во д ять
весь свій час з л еп то н ам и та
тел еф о н ам и і не сп іл к у ю ть ся один
з одним.
5.
Подорож літаком може іноді
п р и н о си ти п евні клоп оти . Зроб и вш и
т іл ь к и д ек іл ь к а р озсуд л и ви х
п р и го ту в ан ь перед ти м , як ви сядете
у л ітак , ви мож ете почуватися
зр у ч н іш е і м енш н ап руж ен о. З ай д іть
на вебсайт авіакомпанії, та о зн ай о м тесь
з п р ав и л ам и і н орм ати вам и
п ер ев езен н я багажу, який ви будете
реєструвати та здавати, і ручного
багажу, та зваж те ваш і сум ки перед
ти м , я к ви подорож уватим ете. Я кш о
ви куп уєте свій кв и то к о н л а й н , ви
мож ете р о зд р у ку в ати ваш посадковий
талон зазд ал егід ь і не допом ож е вам
у н и к н у т и черги. Т акож , я к ш о ви
віддаєте п еревагу певном у м ісц ю на
л ітаку — місцю біля вікна або місцю
біля проходу, п ер ек о н ай теся, ш о ви
бронюєте місця на свій рейс заздалегідь.
У пакуй те всі предм ети перш ої
необхідн ості у ваш у ручну поклажу —
не забудьте про ваш і особисті
документи і документи для подорожі та
н ев ел и ч к и й набір (ком плект) речей
д л я подорож і на ви п ад о к, я к щ о ваш
б агаж буде втрачений або затримається.
В цьом у в и п ад ку вам доведеться
звер н у ти ся до відділу видачі багажу.
Я к щ о ви подорож уєте за кордон
н іч н и м рей сом , спіть! Синдром зміни
часового поясу — не зовсім п ри єм н е
відчуття.
6.
М и нулого літа ми поїхали в круїз
н ав ко л о А л я с к и , і не було д ій сн о
захоп лю ю чи м . В ибираю чи круїз, ми
ви р іш и л и обрати пакет «все включено»
та вільну від стресів відпустку. Ми
зарезервували каюту з б ал кон ом на
верхній палубі. Це було трохи дорож че,
але варто додаткових витрат. Усі
члени команди були д о б р о зи ч л и в і
і п р о ф есій н і. К оли м и сіли на
корабель, капітан розп овів нам про
усі правила безпеки, у том у ч и сл і, як
кори стувати ся рятувальними жилетами,
і п оділи вся д е я к и м и п орад ам и , як
подолати морську хворобу, я к щ о це
стан еться. В продовж н аш ої подорожі
ми захоп л ю вал и ся д и в о в и ж н и м и
кр аєв и д ам и і красою б ерегової л ін ії.
Ми б ач и л и ки тів , чудові заходи со н ц я
маяки і тем н у си н я в у води навколо.
Розваги вкл ю чали нічн і кл уб и ,
бари , д и с к о тек и і кази н о. К руїз був
н езабутнім !
J it
w
S5
Jf
DESTINATION:
HOLIDAY
I. LEAD-IN
-j
Holiday quiz.
Choosing where to go on holiday is a tough decision. A fter all, most of us have the opportunity to
do it only once a year so you want to be sure you make the best choice. Try our fun holiday quiz to
determ ine which type of holiday you should take and where.
140
U n it 9. Destination: h o lid a y
The Questions
k'* tnoe to start packing: what bag do you use?
A: A. full size suitcase o f course, you never know w hat
you m ight need.
R: H and luggage only; you d o n ’t need m uch and it’s
m uch cheaper to trave'i tYi’is way.
C: A good sized rucksack w hich is easy to carry
around.
D: W hichever luggage bag com es to hand first.
. What items go in first?
K: Sw im suit, sun cream , sunglasses and painkillers
1 0 help with the hangovers.
B: C am era, guide books and com fortable shoes.
C: Sturdy shoes, w ater bottle and a first aid kit.
D: All o f the above; as the scouts say, “ prepare for
everything".
. Which activity sounds like the most fun?
A: S u n bathing, sw im m ing, co cktails and relaxation
sounds about right!
B: M useum s, historical buildings and plenty of
cu ltu re ring my bell.
C: W hite w ater rafting followed by a full day hike.
D: A kayaking excursion, shopping at th e local
m arkets and a sunset d in n e r cruise.
4. Which season do you usually go on holiday in?
A: High season, in th e m iddle o f July w hen the
tem p eratu res are at th eir highest and the m ajority
o f people are on holiday.
« to sv\W
\\vx
it’s a bit less crow ded.
C: Low -season, you prefer to have a d estin atio n all to
yourself an d not sweat for two weeks solid.
D: It d o esn 't m atter, ju st d epends on w hen you can
find the cheapest deal.
5. When you are on holiday you wake up:
A: U sually m id -m o rn in g , the previous night was
a heavy one!
B: Bright and early; first in to the breakfast room and
straight out to start sightseeing. T h ere’s no tim e
to waste!
C: About the sam e tim e as you wake up when you're
at hom e; you have an in tern al body clock!
D: Som e early m ornings and som e lay-ins; you are on
holiday after all!
6. Your holiday nightmare would be:
A: B ackpacking th ro u g h Asia an d sleeping in hostel
dorm room s with nice people but plenty o f creepy
crawlies.
B: A road trip through the beautifully desolate
A ustralian outback.
C: An all-inclusive beach resort in the height o f the
su m m er season.
D: N o trip would be a n ig h tm are for you; there are
positives to enjoy in every' d estination.
The Results
You’ve finished the quiz! Now. take a look at your
result.
Mostly As — You are a self-confessed sun worshipper.
If you answ ered mostly A’s, you’re a beach lover
th ro u g h and through! T he word holiday to you m eans
golden sands, turquoise sea and plenty o f sunbathing.
Q uite simply, if the sun isn’t sh in in g on holiday, you
w on’t have a good tim e. A sun drenched beach is your
idea o f heaven!
Mostly Bs — You are a city break obsessive.
You're a culture vulture who loves nothing m ore than
to explore a new city, from the cafes to th e churches and
everything in betw een. C ity breaks are your n ec ta r and
you probably go on a couple o f them each year. A fter
all. travelling with hand luggage only m eans you can nab
som e su p er cheap flights so we d o n ’t blame you.
Mostly Cs — You thrive off fresh air.
You're best friends w ith M other N atu re and n o th in g
m akes you h ap p ier th an w andering aro u n d in the great
o utdoors. T h ere are so m any beautiful places in this
world that you could pick ju st about any co u n try and find
b eautiful panoram as.
Mostly Ds — You like a bit of everything.
Y ou’re a happy -g o -lu ck y h o lid ay m ak er who enjoys
a bit o f ev ery th in g on th e ir an n u a l trip. Sure one or
tw o days spent on the beach is relaxing but you soon
sta rt to get bored an d fidgety an d set ab o u t exploring,
first the old tow n an d th en fu rth e r afield w'ith one or
tw o excursions to local beauty spots. C o astal cities
are probably a good shout; they generally have a good
atm o sp h ere, bucket loads o f h isto ry an d o f course a
couple o f b eau tifu l beaches.
141
—
U n it 9. Destination; holiday
II. VOCABULARY ■i'JJil'IJtMll'HM
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a self-catering holiday
a cruise
a hiking holiday
a horse-back riding holiday
a luxury holiday
an all-inclusive holiday
a fly-drive holiday
a honeym oon holiday
a backpacking holiday
a package holiday
h itch -h ik in g holiday
fishing holiday
sightseeing holiday
clim bing holiday
trekking holiday
family holiday
freebie holiday
rowing and canoeing holiday
beach holiday
cam ping holiday
cycling holiday
Say what type of holiday this is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A long and difficult journey on foot when you carry your things in your rucksack.
A holiday given to som ebody without paym ent, usually by a com pany.
A holiday organized by a travel agency at a fixed price.
An organized holiday that includes your air ticket, car rental and accom m odation.
A holiday when you take long walks in the countryside o r in the m ountains.
A holiday on which while travelling from one place to an o th er you get free rides from the drivers
o f passing cars.
Arrange the types of holidays under the categories. Give reasons for your choice. Some holidays
can fall into several categories.
2
3
4
J....
7
T>pe of Holiday
Category
rom antic
adventure
expensive
cheap
convenient
relaxing
educational
•
M atch the types of holiday with the places you think people might stay at and sleep in. Think of all
possible options.
i
2
3
4
5
6 ...
8
142
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Type of holiday
package holiday
cam ping holiday
cruise
skiing holiday
safari
trekking holiday
sailing holiday
sightseeing holiday
a
b
c
d
e
f
8
li
i
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
Place
tent
hotel
resort
youth hostel
caravan (B r E) = a trailer (Am E)
guesthouse
boat cabin / a ship cabin
villa / a chalet
ski lodge
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
Read the passages and decide which type of holiday is described. Translate the passages into
Ukrainian.
1.
O ur operators offer a sel itinerary including all flights, car hire and pre-booked accom m odation,
and tailor-m ade options for those who want to choose their own route or accom m odation.
2.
T his unique trip is inspired by an elem ental desire m any people have for extrem e living. You'll
trek through dense lowland jungle, explore B orneo’s deep cave system s and float down muddy
rivers by raft.
3.
These holidays are
intrigue in Europe's
T he Czech Republic
been included in the
4.
A fantastic family escape, the Bahia Principe Tenerife is a brilliant hotel with a friendly atm osphere
and stylish design. Away from the busy resorts, it is perfect if you want a fun holiday together,
with tim e to enjoy your very own suite, as well as pools, sports, and other hotel's attractions.
Suites sleep up to 3 adults o r 2 adults and 2 children, have private facilities, whirlpool bath, airconditioning, ceiling fan. hairdryer, satellite TV. telephone, safe, m inibar and a balcony or terrace
with a sea view. C ots are available on request. Daily maid service with towel change, and linen
changed twice a week.
5.
Welcome! V isiting Vancouver, British Colum bia? Want to experience staying outdoors? We offer
affordable rental packages for recreational facilities, catering to individuals and fam ilies. All rentals
include tents, sleeping bags, cooking equipm ent, dishes and m uch more... W ith your rental vehicle
for as little as 5 nights or longer travel at your own pace, do what you wanl to do. inexpensively,
while taking in the breathtaking beauty o f the surrounding regions.
definitely good for the m ind and soul! Im m erse yourself in history and
world-known places. The continent's most beautiful city is certainly Prague.
capital is a maze o f picturesque streets and ornate squares. Since 1992. it has
U N E S C O list o f World Heritage Sites.
Language Note
Holiday B r E also holidays; A m E vacation
1.
2.
3.
4.
a tim e o f rest from work, school etc;
a period o f tim e when you travel to an o th er place for pleasure;
a day fixed by law on which people do not have to go to work or school;
the holidays Am E the period between Thanksgiving and New Year;
B rE the period in the sum m er when most people take a holiday.
British English speakers say “holiday” (N O T “hetidays") in the phrases
be on holiday, go on holiday and return/ come back from holiday.
to go on holiday
to be on holiday
to retu rn from holiday = to com e back
hom e from holiday
to set o ff on holiday
to have a holiday = to take a holiday
to book a holiday = to reserve a holiday
to need a holiday
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
spend a holiday
cancel a holiday
deserve a holiday
enjoy a holiday
offer a holiday
be entitled to holidays
get a holiday
143
—
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
Fill in the gaps with appropriate collocations in the correct form .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Young people with backpacks and habitual travellers may know w hat it m eans to go on a journey,
but for most the rom ance o f escape begins with deciding where ________________________ and
then getting there as quickly as possible.
I ________________________ because 1 need to recharge my batteries. 1 need to get away from the
stress.
It is already p o ssib le ________________________ direct from your sitting room by phone or through
your hom e com puter.
U nder package holiday regulations you only have the right ________________________ if your
organiser has m ade m ajor changes to your holiday.
A family were shocked when th e y ________________________ to Spain and found a deadly scorpion
hiding in their suitcase.
With most schools breaking up on or before 22 July, m illions o f fam ilies will be
in a few weeks' time.
Most em ployees ________________________ public ________________________ regardless o f how
long they've been working.
Tourists are ________________________ to various destinations across Europe. For popular
destinations like Italy, there are packages to various regions w ithin the country.
Jill and her daughter H eather re c e n tly ________________________ in C osta Blanca, Spain.
Politicians are hum an beings w h o ________________________ just like anyone else, David C am eron
said on Sunday as he prepared to leave the country for a family getaway.
She says: “ I feel guilty at the thought that I ________________________ since setting up my business
five years ago. and 1 am desperate for one. But I work alone, so who will look after things while
I'm away?”
Not surprisingly, people in the UK (along with most o f the world's population) prefer
during the sum m er, and beach holidays are by far the most popular.
A) How would you plan for a p erfe ct holiday?
From the list below choose the most im portant steps
in planning your holiday and justify you choice.
Decide on your destination.
G o to websites to browse travel photos,
jou rn als, and blogs sharing people’s experiences.
Plan your budget.
Find a pet-sitter.
C lean the ho u se/ flat you live in.
Decide what to pack.
Plan your tran sportation.
Do your laundry.
Reserve your stay.
Look for discounts.
Plan activities and entertainm ent.
B) Do you agree with the following quotation: “A vacation is like love — anticipated with pleasure,
experienced with discom fort and rem em bered with nostalgia”? Explain why.
144
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
Read the le tte r of Stephanie Spitler to an Internet magazine and com plete the table.
The things the writer does to plan for a trip
W hat/ how she feels
1.
2.
3.
Vacation Anticipation:
Waiting is the Hardest Part
I love every part o f planning for a trip.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
I love research in g places an d d ates an d airfares.
I c a n 't get eno u g h o f obsessively ch eck in g
reviews on T ripA dvisor an d playing aro u n d w ith
fare fin d ers ( " I f I leave W ednesday m o rn in g
instead o l'T u esd ay n ig h t, will I save any m oney?
W ould it balan ce out so I could stay an extra
d ay ?” ). T h ese k in d s o f sch ed u lin g m aneuvers
really get m e excited. I feel like a su p er spy, o r at
th e very least an extrem ely efficient travel agent.
I love th e feeling 1 get from fin d in g a great deal,
o r discovering a way to beat the system and get
a price m uch lower th a n ev ery th in g else I've
seen. It probably has so m eth in g to d o w ith o u r
h u n tin g / g ath erin g past but. w hatever th e reason.
I’m ad d icted to it.
But th e re ’s a sad lull once the tickets have
been booked and the hotel reservations have
been m ade. W hen I've planned out my days
and activities and the sights I'll see, an uneasy
calm descends over me. A fter I’ve m ade a
packing list and highlighted my guidebook and
dow nloaded som e apps, I feel a bit lost and
adrift. In that quiet tim e when everything that
can be done ahead o f tim e HAS been done,
I get antsy. I've prepped and w ashed and
packed and p lan n ed, and now all th a t’s left to
d o is sit and wait.
Sure, I could co n tin u e with my research, but
I've found th at th at just adds confusion. Not
long after co n fu sio n, doubt com es creeping in.
and I start w orrying. Am I really m axim izing
my tim e? Have I over-scheduled? Have I found
the best th in g s to see/ d o / eat?
I know from e x p e rie n c e th a t o n c e I s ta r t
s e c o n d -g u e s s in g , it c a n all go d o w n h ill quickly.
I n ee d to close th e b ro w ser w indow , log o u t,
an d have faith th at I’ve done my best. T he
only problem with that? I’m left with nothing
to do but wait. And waiting is T H E WORST.
40
I hate surprises (T his only applies to
surprises that 1 know are com ing. I would
LOVE a surprise party, because I'd have no
idea about it. W ailing is to rtu re, because
I know I have so m eth in g to look forward to.). 45
I have a love/hate relationship w ith anticipation.
I get so singularly focused on so m eth in g that
it feels like I have to wait years for it to finally
get here. Try as hard as I can, I ca n n o t "take
my m ind o ff it” or “just th in k about som ething 50
else.” F orgetting is for things you d o n 't care
enough about to rem em ber. And travel is
pretty m uch the th in g 1 care about m ost, so
no; I c a n 't ju st "put it out o f my head.”
I have, however, found som e ways to cope 55
w ith the excruciating torm ent o f waiting.
I continually check my packing list to make
sure I have everything. 1 run through my to do list in my head. I do things that I know
I w on’t w ant to do right after I get back, things 60
like stocking up on non-perishable groceries
so I d o n 't com e hom e to only w ater and one
lonely can o f soup. I get my laundry under
control so I d o n ’t com e hom e to crazy piles
o f dirty clothes and noth in g clean to wear. 65
I clean my place, because I seriously w on’t
want to do T H A T anytim e soon after I get
hom e. O nce I’ve prepared for my d ep artu re,
the only th in g left to do is prepare for my
retu rn , so th at it's as easy as possible. A nd if 70
all else fails, I start p lan n in g all the trips I’ll
w ant to take as soon as I gel back.
How do you pass the tim e before a
vacation?
145
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
W hat does the writer find challenging about her holiday?
W hat does the w riter have doubts about when finishing her preparations and why?
W hat does she usually do to cope with her worries?
How does she describe her vacation anticipation?
W hat does she do to cope with her im patience while waiting tor her trip?
Do you experience the sam e feelings as the w riter describes when anticipating your vacation?
W hat do you like more: to go on holiday or to com e back? Why?
Have you ever had any post-holiday blues (a type o f m ood — tiredness, loss o f appetite, strong
feelings o f nostalgia, and in some cases, depression — that people returning hom e from a long
trip may experience)? Arc there any ways you've found to cope with post-travel depression?
A) M atch the statem ents (1—9) with the replies (A—I) and translate the phrases in bold into
Ukrainian.
HE SAID:
I
I spend most o f my life travelling,
moving from one hotel to the other.
2
C an you recom m end a good
guesthouse in this area?
SH E REPLIED:
a
Really? I prefer to go
som ew here a bit quieter,
off the heaten track.
b
Wow! I d id n 't realize you
were such a globetrotter!
c
Poor you! You spent
a whole day on the road.
How are we going to get home?
We haven’t got enough money
for a taxi.
d
Last year, we went to one o f those
resorts where everything — food
and d rin k — is included.
O h, I know what you m ean.
I experienced a sim ilar
culture shock when I went
to Vietnam .
e
1 would hate to live out of
a suitcase like that.
6
You d o n ’t have much luggage with
you.
f
Why d o n ’t we thumb
a lift?
7
On my first visit to Indonesia,
I found everything so different
from England.
g
It sounds great. I’ve never
been on an all-inclusive
holiday.
h
Yes. th ere’s a nice B&B
around the corner.
i
Well, 1 prefer to travel light. r. -■-r
3
4
5
8
.X
9
Last year I went to A ustralia,
C an ad a, Brazil, A rgentina and
C hina.
We left London at 7 o ’clock in
the m orning and d id n ’t arrive in
Inverness until 8 in the evening!
I love going to busy, lively resorts
for my holiday.
Ç..
Ï3».....F
B) Describe your travel preferences using the phrases in bold. Give reasons.
146
■-ffî
.
I
1
■-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 9. Destination: holiday ■
IV. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
You will hear five different people talking about their preferences in having a holiday. Match the
speakers as you hear them with statem ents A—G. There are two extras that you do not need to use.
• Speaker 1
• Speaker 2
• Speaker 3
1
T his person is a real party anim al who loves holidaying in exotic places.
B.
T his person is not keen on going abroad as travelling long distances can be
quite challenging with children.
C.
T his person only goes on package holidays and is very careful and cautious in
foreign countries.
D.
T his person likes to m ake h is/ her own travel arrangem ents and is really keen
on action-packed holidays.
E.
T his person cannot always afford staying at 5-star hotels, but is a true social
butterfly and prefers to spend holidays with friends.
F.
T h is person is a culture vulture who likes to take in the local atm osphere
at a leisurely pace.
G.
T his person prefers luxurious places that offer plenty o f peace and quiet.
• Speaker 4
• Speaker 5
12
A.
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
W hai kind o f holiday have you recently been on? Tell your p artn e r or group about it.
W hich o f the holidays described above would you like to go on? Why?
W hen on holiday w hat is m ore im portant to you: relax, de-stress, recharge or to explore new
places and discover new things?
Do you agree with the view that som e holidays
can rather exhaust than refresh? Give reasons.
—
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
V. READING
13 Answer the questions.
1.
2.
G reen Tourism in U kraine
W hat is your idea o f ecotourism ?
W hat are the advantages o f this form o f tourism ? T h in k in term s of:
relaxation
local attractions
expenses
health
local customs
4 A Read the texts and fill in the gaps.
Text A
Green Tourism
• foster
• conservation
* destinations
• environment
• pristine
• purports
• intervention
'G reen to u rism ’ (also known as ecological tourism , or ecotourism ) is a responsible travel to fragile,
( I ) ______________ , and usually protected areas. It ( 2 ) ______________to educate the traveller; to provide
funds for conservation; to directly benefit the econom ic developm ent and political em pow erm ent o f
local com m unities; and to (3) ______________ respect for different cultures and for hum an rights.
G reen tourism is considered im portant by those who participate in it so that future generations may
experience aspects o f the environm ent relatively untouched by hum an (4) ______________. G reen
tourism typically involves travel to ( 5 ) ______________ where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the
prim ary attractions. Responsible green tourism includes program s that m inim ize the negative aspects
o f conventional tourism on the ( 6 ) ______________and enhance the cultural integrity o f local people.
Therefore, in addition to evaluating environm ental and cultural factors, an integral part of ecotourism
is the prom otion o f recycling, energy efficiency, w ater ( 7 ) ______________, and creation of econom ic
opportunities for local com m unities.
BuO r
aav
Text B
• trained
• protected
• underestim ated
• required
• untamed
• needed
• guided
In a co u n try th at still boasts large stretches o f relatively ( I ) _________ natural areas, green tourism
in U kraine is fast becom ing a big lure. The value o f this kind o f tourism can never be ( 2 ) _________ as
not only does it provide the people o f the country with much ( 3 ) _________ foreign currency, but it also
helps to set up system s which protect the natural wildlife and help prom ote a more stable environm ent.
U k raine's green tourism is a popular travel option and is well w orth looking into.
T he m ajority o f ( 4 ) _________ wildlife areas spread over large areas and this m eans that you will
be (5) _________ to move about quite a bit. There are a few U krainian green tourism com panies
which offer guided lours on safari vehicles, there are guided hiking lours and ( 6 ) _________ m ountain
biking tours which are very popular with both U k rain ian s and tourists from o ther parts o f the world.
E cotourism guides are fully ( 7 ) _________ and qualified to present an inform ative and relatively safe
environm ent where you will be able to enjoy the wonders o f nature. They will be able to help visitors
leave as sm all a m ark on the environm ent as possible whilst at the sam e tim e providing a fascinating
insight into the natural world around them .
15 Com pare your ideas about green tourism with the inform ation from the texts.
VI. SPEAKING
Event Tourism
Event tourism , or travelling for the purpose o f attending a certain event, has becom e the ultim ate
discovery in the world o f travel business in the 21st century. The world is becom ing sm aller and sm aller
thanks to inform ation technologies and m odern ways o f travelling. People know what is going on on the
other side o f the planet at any given m inute and they want to be there to witness the event and participate.
Events make rem ote corners o f the world and developing countries topnotch destinations. Here is a chart
-.howing all kinds o f events th at can boost event tourism .
CULTURAL CELEBRATIONS
— festivals
— carnivals
— commemorations
— religious events
POLITICAL AND STATE
— summits
— royal occasions
— political events
— VIP visits
ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
— concerts
— award ceremonies
■ H i
BUSINESS AND TRADE
— meetings, conventions
— consumer and trade shows
— fairs, markets
EDUCATIONAL
AND SCIENTIFIC
— conferences
— seminars
— clinics
SPORT COMPETITION
— amateur/ professional
— spectator/ participant
RECREATIONAL
— sports or games for fun
PRIVATE EVENTS
— weddings
— parties
— socials
149
16 A)
A.
B.
C.
D.
M atch the pictures (1—7) with the events (A—G).
Odessa International Film Festival
Oracle O pen World San Francisco 2014
Rio de Janeiro C arnival. Brazil
Venice C arnival, Italy
AEEDC Dubai 2014
□UBPII
4 - 6 February 2014
»
E.
F.
G.
—
International D ental C onference,
D ubai UAE
Tour de F rance
South A frican C heese Festival
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B) Say what type of event each picture shows, what kinds of tourists/ visitors it can a ttrac t and why.
What can visitors do while attending these events?
17 Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
W hat kind o f events are you interested in? Have you travelled anyw here with the sole purpose o f
atten d in g a certain event?
W hat co u n try / countries are famous for their yearly events that attract tourists?
W hat event has U kraine held recently that m ade it a popular sports tourism destination?
W hat c u ltu ra l/ sp o rtin g / educational events could be organized in your city/ town?
W hat countries have you visited or would you like to visit to attend
•a stale official event (a presidential
inauguration; a royal celebration);
•a religious celebration;
• a scientific conference;
6.
*a tra d e / gastronom ic/ agricultural fair/
festival;
*a co n c ert/art festival;
• a sports event?
W hai private events have you travelled for? How far did you go and how long did you stay?
150
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
VII. READING
Online ‘travel com m unities’, which enable you to explore both your own city and the rest of the world,
m eeting likeminded people along the way, are becoming more and more popular. M ichele Legge,
a veteran host and surfer from Perth, Australia, is sharing her experience and giving advice.
Read the text and fill in the gaps.
to cook for them
the keys to th eir house
around your local area
potential hosts
hostel
spare room
on a night out
w ithout judgem ent
safety
daily life
a general couch request
Couchsurfing: More than just a free bed for the night
C ouchsurfers are able to stay on a h o st’s sofa or in their ( I ) ________________ for free, and the host will
often show the surfer round the city and welcome them into their ( 2 ) ________________ . Various websites
exist which help to put surfers and potential hosts in touch, and all you need to do is sign up. T he most
popular website o f its kind, the Facebook o f couchsurfing if you will, is w w w .couchsurnng.org. which
boasts 6 m ln m em bers in 100,000 cities worldwide. It's free to set up a profile, and before you travel you
can either send out ( 3 ) _________________to the area or send a message to a specific host, searchable via
the site.
Firstly try and fill in as m any categories as possible. W hile inform ation such as your favourite film
may seem trivial, it all adds up to give a holistic picture o f you as a real person, and therefore reassures
(4) _________________.
T he key things that any host or surfer should focus on are the references an individual has been
given by others. My advice to any student th in k in g o f travelling is get involved before you leave
home: jo in couchsurfing, invite travellers for coffee, show them (5) _________________, take them
( 6 ) _________________ go to local ineetups and host if you can. T his way you start building networks and
get references w hich always looks good.
W hen I tell people I've been couchsurfing. their im m ediate concern is always (7) ________________ .
People forget that the site enables a two-way exchange, with the risks extending both ways. It's a big deal for
a host to give a stranger ( 8 ) _________________, and 1 rem em ber feeling reassured as soon as 1 realised that
my first host, Silvia, was as nervous as I was about the exchange.
T he biggest m istake for any surfer is to com e to a host's house and treat it like a ( 9 ) ________________ .
If you ask me who were the worst people I have hosted? Top contenders are: two G erm an girls who
spoke perfectly good English, but who would only speak to each other, in G e rm an , and a m an who just
disappeared w ithout even leaving a note. So. as a surfer d o n ’t be rude. A nother tip is to accept what your
host has to offer (1 0 )________________ . T his is certainly som ething I found useful during my second CS
experience when staying in M unich. At first the realisation that Stefan, my host, got all his food from bins
was a bit repulsive, but I soon cam e round to the eco-friendly notion of D um pster Diving! Finally, hosts
love it if you offer ( I I ) _________________, and you could even bring them a little present from your own
country.
151
—
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
VIII. SPEAKING
19 Speak on the topics.
1.
D escribe the b est/ worst trip you have ever taken. Explain what made it so good or bad.
3.
W hich do you like better: holidays in w inter or in sum m er? Why? W hat are th eir advantages and
disadvantages?
D escribe your hiking or backpacking experience.
Some people prefer to travel alone. O thers prefer to travel in a group. W hat about you?
W hat kind o f person would be a good travel com panion for you?
2 . W hat is a holiday o f your dream s?
4.
5.
6.
IX. VOCABULARY
a hotel
a B&B (abbreviation of
‘bed and breakfasts’ —
a sm all low-priced hotel
which includes breakfast)
a self-catering apartm ent
a youth hostel
a cam psite
a holiday cam p
a motel
an en-suite bathroom
h a lf board
full board
a single room
a double room
a tw in room
a triple room
a suite
20 Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the box.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
It is a small property often m anaged by a family.
If you only want acco m m o d atio n an d no m eals, you should book t h i s . ___________
If you want a room but plan to use local re stau ran ts for lunch and d in n er, you should book
t h i s . ___________
If you w ant a room and all your meals served at the same place, you should book t h i s .___________
T h is is the place where you can stay in your ow'n t e n t . ___________
If you want e n te rta in m e n t for the ch ild ren , you should com e h e r e . ___________
If you stay here, you may have to share a r o o m .___________
T his facility adjoins your bedroom at the hotel where you stay and you w on’t have to share it
w ith o th er g u e s ts .___________
If you travel by car. this is the convenient accom m odation for you because it provides an accessible
o u tdoor parking a r e a . ___________
T h is room has two single beds to acco m m o d ate two adults. A third adult will require an extra
b e d . ___________
T h is room has one single bed, strictly for one adult only. No extra bed will f i t . ___________
T h is room has one large (Q ueen o r K ing sized) bed to acco m m o d ate two adults. A third adult
will require an extra b e d .___________
U n it
9
.
Dje t ir) ation: holiday
X. READING
2 1 A) Read the text and explain the highlighted words.
Benefits of Staying at a Bed and Breakfast
15
»
Travelers looking Tor a more intimate
experience on th eir next vacation may consider
steering away from the mainstream hotel and
book a night o r two at a bed and breakfast.
M odern bed and breakfasts have steered away
from the Victorian age decor for a more
contem porary look and have added com forts
often seen at boutique hotels. W hether you want
a romantic getaway or travel on a shoestring,
a road trip to a bed and breakfast can be a
perfect quick escape.
As you shop around for accom m odation
pricing you will find that more often than not
most bed and breakfasts are close in price range
to hotels w ithin the area. W hile a fancy hotel
may look nice on paper, you may consider
that a bed and breakfast also includes a home
cooked meal. At lim es, you may even find that
a bed and breakfast serves d in n er as well. In
addition lo the m eals, m any places offer a guest
pantry with free access to snacks along with
a complimentary wine and cheese social hour
M ost bed and breakfasts feature room s
that are uniquely decorated with a variety
o f amenities You will often find room s with
fireplaces and maybe even a whirlpool tub. not
a feature you will frequently find in your run
of the mill hotel The anom aly does not stop
at ihe interior decorating, bed and breakfasts
can be found throughout the US w ithin retired
fire stations, refurbished light houses and upon
sprawling vineyards.
In n k e e p e rs are
passio n ate about
th e ir
bu sin ess, they love the area they live in , and they
sp ecialize at m a k in g you feel right at hom e. You
are a guest w ith in th e ir hom e an d th ey strive to
give you a p ersonal a n d m em orable experience.
In n k e e p e rs are fabulous reso u rces an d can give
you all k in d s o f priceless in fo rm a tio n a b o u t
local a ttra c tio n s an d re sta u ra n ts.
B) Make a list of benefits of staying at a B&B m entioned in the text.
25
M
35
40
—
U n it 9. Destination: holiday
22 Read the text and match headings (A—F) with paragraphs (1—4). There are two extra options.
A.
B.
C.
Travelling with kids
International travel
B udget-conscious travellers
D.
E.
F.
Seeking luxuries
Vacation destinations
Travelling alone
When to Stay in Motels vs. Hotels while Travelling
W hether you're taking a planned trip across the country, going on restful vacation, or em barking on
a sem i-spontaneous trip just to clear your m ind, inevitably you will be presented with a choice for an
overnight slay — m otels or hotels. Though each option has ils own set o f benefits, which should you
choose for your occasion?
1 .
M otels are well known for m any different things, but they are best known for being inexpensive,
even when com pared to m oderately priccd hotels, if you're on a tight budget or you’re just looking for
a com fortable place to sleep, national m otel chains can give you a fam iliar overnight resting place for
less m oney than you would spend on a hotel room for the evening.
2 .
Usually, hotels are the best option for those going on a vacation. If you purchase a vacation package,
there's a good chance that you will autom atically receive hotel reservations with that package. Moreover,
hotels tend to offer more facilities that allow you greater com fort and convenience for extended stays
th an m otels do.
3 . ___________________________________________
If you’re travelling with children, it is recom m ended that you seek out the nearest affordable hotel
for your nightly stay. T hough most motels can certainly accom m odate travelling fam ilies with kids,
hotels tend to offer m ore facilities, which can keep the kids preoccupied, and hotels are generally
located near various stores, which can be a godsend when you’re travelling with kids for a m ultitude o f
reasons.
4 . __________________________________________
If you’re travelling outside of your country, it's a good idea to stay away from m otels in foreign
lands, especially if they are off the beaten path. W hile motels certainly offer authenticity to your stay,
they can also offer some unw elcom ing situations, especially if you do not know the regional dialect
well. For international travel, it’s a good idea to stick with well-know n hotels — they specifically cater
to tourists, and not just locals, and as such can help you to feel more secure during your stay.
M otels can work wonderfully for what they are — a short-term resting place for the road-weary
traveller.
23
Look through the list of the tips for
staying at a hostel and choose those
pieces of advice that:
you totally agree with;
you partially agree with;
you find strange.
Explain your reasons.
154
U n it 9. Destination: holri
10 Tips for Staying at a Hostel
For first-tim e h o stelers, the thought o f stay in g in a h ostel tends to be very intim idating.
S o take our tips into con sid eration.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
24
Get to know the place — after putting your
stuff in your room walk around the hostel and
get to know the common areas.
Choose your room wisely: female only rooms
are usually cleaner and quieter but co-ed
rooms tend to be a lot of fun and you make
friends much faster.
Pick a bottom bunk — they are much easier
to get and more comfortable.
Take a sleep sheet (two sheets sewn together
to make a self-contained sleep sack) in case
a hostel doesn't provide bed linens.
Bring the extras — towels, soap, shampoo and
flip flops for the shower are usually not offered
in hostels.
6.
Bring earplugs to be fine in shared rooms
which will never be completely noise-free.
7. Dress in layers when you go to sleep — even
though it may seem cold, a room-full of
people can generate a lot of heat from their
bodies.
8. Do not leave your money, passport and other
valuables lying around in your room.
9. Don’t be shy — introduce yourself, join other
people's conversations, make friends and share
valuable travel tips.
10. Relax and enjoy the ride! In general,
backpackers and budget travelers are a decent
trustworthy bunch, so just relax, get to know
people, have fun and enjoy the ride!
XI. LISTENING
Listen to the text and choose the true options.
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
The au th o r's first experience in staying in the hostel was so bad that she promised never to use it
again/ never again tried it.
T he au th o r’s children used to stay at home all the tim e/ only at full-service hotels.
T he London C entral Youth Hostel was situated in a modern building with shining windows/
a shabby building with peeling o ff paint.
In the entrance hall one could see photos o f several London landm arks/ a map o f the London
Metro system.
T here was free com puter access in all the room s/ in the common room.
W hen hostels appeared they were intended m ainly fo r people with tight budgets to stay in cities/ fo r
people with low incomes to travel round British villages.
Hostels are popular fo r their friendly atmosphere/ fo r their location o ff the beaten track.
The reception desk is m anned round the clock/ only when the doors to the hostel are locked at night.
XII. SPEAKING I
wuiiMiAfrnvj#
MAKING A HOTEL RESERVATION
Asking about facilities
Cliecking availability
• Do you have any vacancies?
• I'd like a room with a double bed, please,
for one night.
• Have you got a room facing the p ark /
overlooking the sea from now until M onday?
• Do you allow pets?
• Do you have w heelchair access/ a car park?
• Does the room have internet access/ air
conditioning?
• Is there a sw im m ing p o o l/ gym?
Asking about the price
•
•
•
•
Yes. 1 can offer you...
You can have a ... room at the back.
I can let you have a room on the... floor.
Sorry, we are fully booked.
•
•
•
•
W hat does it cost?
W hat's the price per night?
Is breakfast included?
Have you got anything cheaper?
2 2 Student A is a hotel receptionist. Student B is looking for a room in the hotel. M ake up a dialogue
following the instructions.
STUDENT A
STU D EN T B
1.
2.
3.
G reet the visitor. Offer
your help.
You are not fully booked.
Enquire what kind of
room the custom er needs
and for how long.
Offer two rooms, mention
what views they have, which
is quieter/ cheaper/bigger,
what floor they are on.
1.
G reet the receptionist.
Ask if they have any
vacancies.
2.
Express relief because
there are som e room s
available. Answer ilie
questions.
3*
You wanl to know the
price per night for
eabb o f th e poems find
what otiiei;,
includei
4.
Say how much th e room s
™ d add what the p rice -----icl tides (breakJ’a s lJ.;cai.iiiu;.:i!!L ; ™
arking. air conditionuig)
5.
R eassure that the
can use wi-fi a|
pities (nam<
the guest t
m, give the
he room . E
itomer when]
ved. Express
"1 enjoy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
XIII. WRITING 1
U n it 9. Destination: holiday —
^
Writing Letters of Complaint to a Travel Agency
2 0 When you came back from your holiday, you decided to write
a letter of com plaint to your travel agency because you were
really dissatisfied with the arrangem ents made by the agency
and ask for a partial refund.
D ear [Com pany],
First paragraph
W hy you are w ritin g (your nam e, what serv ic e you hired
for trip to ..., d ate).
/ am writing, to complain ab o u t.../ to express my
dissatisfaction with... / to inform you o f the problems...
S eco n d paragraph
M a k e reference to your e x p ec ta tio n s and d escrib e (he
problem s you had during your trip (e.g . room serv ic e, no
en tertain m en t for a d u lts/ch ild ren , unreliable pick up se rv ic e,
unfriendly and im polite hotel sta ff, no tour gu ides available,
the ca terin g ).
/ was really dissatisfied with...
...was not wliat 1 expected/ you promised.
You can imagine my disappointment when...
To m ake things worse...
Third paragraph
Ask for a partial refund and give your co n ta ct
inform ation.
/ look forw ard to receiving...
I expect you to...
/ think I am entitled to a partial refund.
Please contact me as soon as possible to discuss how we
m ay resolve this unpleasant situation.
Please contact me by mail, at the above address,
e-m ail or by phone.
Thank you fo r your attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
Your Signature
Your typed nam e
27 Describe your favourite type of holiday
(1 2 0 - 1 5 0 words)
U n it 9. Destination: holiday-------------------
XIV. REVISION TRANSLATION
Translate into English.
1.
2.
Планування медового місяця —
луж е в аж л и в е за в д а н н я д л я вас
як д л я п о д р у ж ж я, я к ш о ви хочете
н асолод ж увати ся романтичною втечею
і разом м и л у вати ся п р ек р а сн и м и
м ісц ям и . Є певні речі, я к і варто взяти
до у ваги , плануючи вашу подорож.
П р и й м іть р іш ен н я щ одо бю дж ету
і зр о б іть вибір між розкішним готелем
із спа комплексом і авторською
(gourmet) кухнею та с к р о м н іш и м ,
але зат и ш н и м номером із сніданком
у домашньому готелі з зад уш евн ою
атм о сф ер о ю і у н ік ал ь н о ю м ож ли вістю
відвідати цікаве місцеве свято.
Чи зам ість ц ього, ви, м ож ли во,
н адаєте перевагу відпустці з
елементами пригод у горах, щ об
надовго запам'ятати походи
в екстремальних умовах. Я к би ви
не сп л ан у в ал и свій м едовий м ісяць,
ви впізнаєте і виявите багато нового,
подорож ую чи р азом , і зм ож ете
звільнитися від стресу, розслабитися
і поповнитися енергією.
К оли я їду у відпустку, я вваж аю за
к р аш е зам ови ти пакет «все включено».
М ені подобаю ться розкішні готелі
і все зап л ан о в ан е зазд ал егід ь моїм
тур-агентом. Комфорт і зручність —
мої п р іо р и тети , коли я відпочиваю.
Я н ам агаю сь триматися подалі від
місць, де треба самому готувати їжу,
о с к іл ь к и мені вистачає кухні вдома.
Мотелі або хостели, які більш доступні
за ціною під час п одорож і, також
не д л я мене. Я волію розсл аби ти ся
та н асо л о д ж увати ся ж и ттям на повну.
158
3.
Пошуки житла м ож уть бути
о д н и м з най більш д р атів л и в и х
м ом ентів планування подорожей.
Є д ва ш л ях и в и р іш ен н я проблем и
ж итла: замовляти заздалегідь або
зн аходити м ісце д л я п р о ж и в а н н я
б езп о сер ед н ьо в д ен ь приїзду.
Зам ови ти ж и тл о зазд ал егід ь м ож на
к іл ь к о м а ш л яхам и : через інтернет,
тур-агента або телеф оном . П отрібно
ви р іш и ти , я к и й в аріан т п р о ж и ва н н я
ви мож ете собі д озвол и ти : як ш о
ви подорожуєте з доволі обмеженим
бюджетом, тоді мотелі, молодіжні
гуртожитки або домашні готелі зі
сніданком м ож уть бути хорош им
вибором . Вам, м ож ли во, доведеться
змінити або зовсім відмінити
замовлення, я к щ о рейс ваш ого л ітак а ,
п отягу чи автобусу затри м ується
або скасовується і ви т а к и м чи н ом
п рибуваєте д нем п ізніш е.
4.
Я кщ о вам п одобаю ться туристичні
походи, вам доведеться нести свій
«дах та л іж ко» з собою в рюкзаку або
п еревози ти їх м аш и ною . Ви ні від
чого не зал еж и те, коли подорож уєте
віддаленими маршрутами, і є багато
м ісц ь д л я в стан о в л ен н я нам етів. На
туристичних маршрутах бази часто
р озташ ован і на від стан і, як у мож на
подолати за один д ен ь, і часто
заб о р о н яється о б лад н у вати табір
м іж н им и б азам и . З азви ч ай на базах
д л я тури стів є всі необхідні зручності:
душ ові і туал ети , м ісц я д л я во гн и щ а,
сп ец іал ь н і м ісц я для встановлення
наметів та столи д л я п ік н ік у .
І звичай н о, з вам и буде вся
захоплююча подих краса навколишніх
краєвидів
HEALTH
IS THE
GREATEST
WEALTH
I. LEAD-IN
A) T h i n k o v e r t h e g i v e n q u o t a t i o n s a b o u t h e a l t h . W h i c h o f t h e m a r e j u s t a g o o d l a u g h a n d w h i c h g i v e
food fo r se rio u s th o u g h t? W hy?
Early to rise and early to bed makes a m an healthy and wealthy and dead.
(James Thurber)
Be careful about reading health books. You may die o f a m isprint.
( Mark Twain)
T he hum an body is the only m achine for which there are no spare parts.
(H erm ann M. Biggs)
Body and m ind, like m an and wife, do not always agree to die together.
(Charles Caleb Colton)
B) A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s .
1.
2.
3.
W hat are the sym ptom s o f a com m on cold?
O f appendicitis?
Have you ever been ill with any th in g serious like
m um ps, measles or chicken pox? How old w'ere you?
How did it go? How' long did it take you to recover?
W hat types o f injuries have you had? Were any
o f them serious? W hat treatm ent did you get?
U n it 10- Health is the greatest wealth ■
II. VOCABULARY WU'fJHHU.T'HII
Sick
III
In Br E sick is usually used in the expressions 'to be sick\ that is to have
the food in your stom ach com e up through your m outh (synonyms:
to vomit, to throw up), e.g. Watch your step! Someone had been sick on the floor.
‘ To feel sick' m eans to feel as if this is going to happen, e.g. Slow down
the car, I fe e l sick!
In Am E 'to be sick' m eans suffering from a disease or illness, e.g. Lesly
came from school early yesterday because she was sick.
If som eone has an illness or disease, you usually say that they are ill in
Br E. and sick in Am E, e.g. He missed a lot o f school when he was ill (B r E )/
sick (Am E).
In Am E ill suggests you have a more serious disease, from which you may
not recover.
In Br E ill is not used attributively, only predicatively.
He is a very ill person. — W RONG!
He is a very sick person. — R IG H T!
‘Ill’ can be used attributively only in some set expressions, e.g. ill effects;
ill treatment; ill health; ill feeling; ill will
Not well
If som eone is slightly ill, you often say in Br E that they are not well,
e.g. 1 w on’t come out, I ’m not very well.
Unwell
Unwell is a m ore form al word for ‘ill* or ksick\
Common
collocations
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
be sick/ ill/ unwell
feel sick/ ill/ unwell
becom e sick/ ill/ unwell
get sick/ ill/ unwell
fall sick/ ill
be taken sick/ ill (formal)
m ake smb sick/ ill
be o ff (work) sick/ ill
call in sick
Fill in t h e g a p s in t h e s e n t e n c e s . In s o m e c a s e s o p t i o n s a r e p o s s i b l e .
1. O ne o f the suspect’s neighbors described him as “a v e r y _______ m an.”
2. N ewspapers reported that the m inister resigned because o f _______ health.
3. If you eat any m ore cake you’ll make y o u rse lf_______ .
4. We d o n 't have enough staff. Peter has been o f f ________ for two weeks and Em m a has ju st called
i n ________.
5. By lunchtim e she was d is tin c tly _______ and the school nurse told her she had a tem perature and
sent her home.
6. In the m orning Lady G w endolyn was feeling very well but after d in n er she was taken
suddenly.
7. We both started to f e e l_______ shortly after the meal.
8. She said she was fe e lin g _______ and went home.
9. A hospice is a hospital for te rm in a lly _______ people.
10. All these diets are m aking y o u ________.
160
2
T r a n s la te in to E n g lish .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Е лізабет багато м іся ц ів о п ік у ва л ася своєю м атір'ю , як а була
смертельно хвора на рак.
С тар и й д я д ь к о Генрі раптово захворів і помер два ти ж н і потому.
Міс Геджес сьогодні захворіла, том у всі уроки зам ість неї проведе
м істер К еллер.
Б атько Л ін д и серйозно хворий. Він вже більш е м ісяц я перебуває
в л ік а р н і С в. Л уки .
Я дуж е погано почувалася ц іл у добу, і М ай к л у довелося п оратися
з усіма х атн ім и сп р ав ам и і д ітьм и самому.
Я зателефонував своєм у босу, щ об п оп еред и ти , що не вийду на роботу
через хворобу.
Н едобре їсти чи п и ти щ ось прохолодне, коли ви захворіли, бо це
може п ризвести до додаткових п роблем , так и х я к застуда або ангіна.
Хворих т а п о р ан ен и х ев ак у ю вал и із зон и військового кон ф лікту.
К ож н ого разу, коли я дум аю про ек зам е н и , мене буквально нудить.
Я не вийшов на роботу вчора через погане самопочуття.
Disease
illness
Illness is a disease o f the body
or m ind, or th e condition of
being ill.
Illness is more often used to
refer to the lermth of lime or state
of beinc unwell, e.a. He died in
hospital after a long illness.
Do not use illness' to talk about
less serious problems such as
headaches or colds.
Common collocations:
through illness (because o f an
illness)
to recover from an illness
Disease is a particular kind of illness, especially one
that spreads from one person to an o th er or affects
a particular part o f your body, e.g. infectious
diseases; heart disease.
E.g. She suffers from a rare disease o f the brain.
Heart disease runs in their family.
Disease / uncountable/ can also be used to m ean a lot
of different diseases, e.g. Cigarette smoking causes
death and disease.
Common collocations:
to catch a disease = to contract a disease (formal):
a disease spreads/ the spread o f a disease: h eart/
liver/ brain disease, or a disease o f the brain/ stomach
etc: a cure fo r a disease.
Both can he used in the following collocations:
to h a v e / to suffer from a disease/ an illness
• the symptoms o f a disease/ an illness
Condition
1)
[countable] an illness or health problem that affects you perm anently or for a very long time:
People suffering from this condition should not smoke.
heart/ lung/ skin condition
2)
[uncountable! how healthy or fit you are:
in (a) critical/ stable/ satisfactory condition
physical/ mental condition
161
M atch the medical term s with their definitions.
I
a sym ptom
a
a m edical condition which causes discom fort, generally described from
a patient’s perspective
2
a com plaint
b
a sm all living thing that causes infectious illnesses, o r a type o f infectious
illness
3
a virus
c
an illness that is caused by bacteria and that affects one part o f your body,
such as your ears, throat, lungs, or skin
4
a bug
d
a change in your body or m ind that shows that you are not healthy
5
a disorder
e
an illness that prevents part o f your body from working properly o r affects
the way you behave, especially one that is perm anent o r continues for
a long tim e
6
an infection
f
an illness that people catch very easily from each o th er but that is not very
serious
Collocations with adjectives
a disease
ch ronic; contagious = infectious: fatal = deadly = lethal; incurable; inflam m atory;
serious: transm itted: tropical
an illness
acute: childhood: chronic; fatal: infectious: m in o r/ major: m en tal/ physical; serious;
severe: term inal
a sym ptom
clinical; gastrointestinal; m ental; m ild; physical; psychiatric; respiratory: severe
a com plaint
com m on; chest; m inor: skin
a virus
chronic; deadly; ebola; live
a bug
flu; nasty; stom ach; 24-hour flu
a disorder
eating: heart; lung; m ental: stom ach; psychiatric
an infection
mild: slight; severe
Fill in t h e g a p s w i t h t h e c o l l o c a t i o n s f r o m t h e b o x . In s o m e s e n t e n c e s m o r e t h a n
is p o s s i b l e .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
o n e o p tio n
T h ere’s a _______________going around — four people in my office were sick last week. I hope
1 don't pick it up.
such as m easles and chickenpox are highly contagious.
T he hospital specializes in successful tre a tin g _______________like m eningitis.
Travellers to India are advised to get vaccinated against______________ such as typhoid before they go.
such as coughs and colds are usually best left to get better by themselves.
If you d o n ’t clean the w ound properly, you could get a _______________.
Should, in your o pinion, doctors always tell their patients that they have a / a n _______________such
as cancer?
The f i r s t ______________ o f hepatitis are tiredness, vom iting, and loss o f weight.
A fter two years o f therapy, D uane was able to conquer h i s _______________ and finally started
to gain weight.
T h is cream is norm ally used for treating m in o r _______________.
162
U n it to . Health is the greatest wealth
C h o o s e a n o p tio n t h a t d o e s n o t fit t h e c o llo c a tio n .
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
to
lo
to
to
lo
to
to
to
recover from a disease/ a virus/ a sym ptom / chicken pox;
becom e a chronic carrier o f a virus/ an infection/ an illness/ the flu ;
be o ff school with an eating disorder/ a chest com plaint/ a clinical sym ptom / a nasty bug;
pick up a deadly virus/ the stomach f l u / a com plaint/ an infection;
get vaccinated against a physical sym ptom / an infectious disease/ the flu :
catch a co ld / an eye infection/ an allergy/ the stomach flu ;
go down with a cold/ a fo o d poisoning/ a running nose/ malaria;
suffer from a common complaint/ a disease/ a mental disorder/ an illness.
III. LISTENING
A) M a t c h t h e w o r d s in t h e t a b l e w i t h t h e i r m e a n i n g s .
I
a prescription
a
an illness o r a m edical condition in which you have
a very high tem perature
2
a com plication
b
to be likely to suffer from a particu lar illness or
be affected by a particular problem , antonym :
to be im m une
3
fever
Q
an injection
4
a fluid
d
a drug that can be bought w ithout a d o cto r’s
prescription
5
a shot
e
a w ritten order from a doctor
6
to be susceptible to sm th
f
a medical problem o r illness th at happens while som eone
is already ill and m akes treatm ent m ore difficult
7
an o v er-the-counter
m edication
a liquid (for example, water o r milk)
B) L i s t e n t o t h e r a d i o p r o g r a m m e o n h o w t o t a c k l e t h e flu.
N u m b e r t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s in t h e o r d e r t h a t y o u h e a r t h e m .
T h e r e a r e t w o p i e c e s o f a d v i c e y o u will n o t n e e d t o u s e .
T he im portance o f hygiene.
How to handle a fever.
How to survive in the flu season.
How to avoid dehydration.
How to prevent the flu.
Bed rest is the best remedy.
How to take over-the-counter antibiotics.
M edications and vitam ins to fight the flu.
C) U s i n g t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s s p e a k a b o u t t h e w a y s
t o p r e v e n t a n d c o p e w i t h t h e flu.
163
U n it tO. Нег
neatest wealtt
IV. VOCABULARY
M a t c h t h e w o r d s w ith t h e i r d e f i n it io n s .
a boil
a bruise
a bum p
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
a burn
a cut
a graze
an itch
a rash
a scratch
a sprain
a swelling
an area o f skin that is raised and has a slight swelling because you have hit it on som ething;
a wound caused by rubbing that slightly breaks the surface o f your skin which does not bleed much;
an uncom fortable feeling on your skin that m akes you want to scratch it with your nails;
an area o f the body that has becom e larger than norm al, because o f illness, injury or infection:
a purple, blue or brown mark on your skin that later turns yellow:
a painful infected swelling under the skin which is full o f a thick yellow liquid, called pus;
an injury to a jo in t caused by tw isting it:
a wound th at is caused when som ething sharp breaks your skin and you bleed;
a m ark, a cut or an injury m ade bv rubbing som ebody's skin against som ething rough or sharp;
an injury or m ark caused bv fire, heat or acid;
an allergic reaction in the form o f num erous sm all red spots.
L a b e l t h e i t e m s in t h e F i r s t A id K it w i t h t h e w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s f r o m t h e b o x .
activated charcoal
antiseptic ointm ent
bandages
scissors and tweezers
hand cleaner = hand
sanitizer
plasters (B r E) =
band-aids (Am E)
164
disposable gloves
a cold p ack / an ice pack
adhesive tape
gauze pads
a face shield (for
perform ing C P R ’1')
traum a dressing
a burn cream pack
a finger splint
sting relief cream
p ain k iller tab lets/ pills
eye w ash/ bath
cotton tipped applicators
* C P R (card io p u lm o n ary
resuscitation) - с ср ц е в о л е г е н е в а р е а н ім а ц ія
-
U n it 10. Health is the greatest wealth
First Aid Kit
I
3
4
Activated
Charcoal
12
14
<W W P’
I« :«
©
p
i
i
r j ! i l l KvtOlM
i HTTTTh
■
lE U U .— z«lT M 'jU g lfi .«|| I
GAUZE PADS
| loBssr—
15
16
17
18
S tJ o h o @
rjU"1
Alcohol F r«
a n n u m ) Wipe
165
U n it № . Health is the greatest wealtl
Read about the accidents that happened to some people. Say what is wrong with them . Suggest
what they could find in the First Aid Kit to deal with the problem .
E.g. “H e / she will definitely have a purple bruise under h is / her eye. An ice-pack could really come
in handy in a situation like this. ”
“/ guess this person is suffering fro n t the flu . Painkillers can help with the fever. ”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
John fell awkwardly 011 the football pitch. Luckily, his wrist isn't broken but it hurts terribly.
M ike was cutting bread with a very sharp knife. Now, his thum b is bleeding.
M ary was trying to give her cat a bath which her cat w asn’t quite happy about. As a result, the
long bleeding lines appeared on her cheeks.
On seeing the nasty skin problem that Louise has on her left shoulder her doctor decides it needs
p uncturing and cleaning as it's full o f pus.
Susan has just been slung by a wasp. She's crying because her foot is b urning and swelling every
passing m inute.
Little Josh is in tears after hitting his head 011 the door. His m um is trying to calm him down
saying it's nothing serious.
T he doctor notices sm all red spots all over A n n ie’s arm s and legs and realizes al once that it’s
a sym ptom o f an infectious disease.
Yesterday, M onica had a few pounds o f straw berries for lunch. T hen she co u ld n ’t sleep at night
tossing and tu rn in g and scratching her cheeks and neck vigorously.
■J1 Translate into English.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
зар азне, ін ф е к ц ій н е захворю ван н я
глибока ран а, поріз
п ід хоп ити вірус
р о зтягти щ и ко л о тку
н ев и л іко в н а хвороба
зроб ити щ еп л ен н я
д и тяч і хвороби
к и ш к о ва ін ф е к ц ія
9)
Ю)
Н)
12)
13)
14)
15)
застуда
р о зл ад ш л у н к а
п о р у ш ен н я роб оти серця
ш кірн і п о д р азн ен н я
сер й о зн а травм а
си м п то м и х в о р о б и / зах в о р ю в ан н я
п р и п у х л ість
U n it 10. Health is the greatest wealth —
V. SPEAKING
•J2 Student A is sharing with Student B the bad experiences his/ her group-m ates had on the hiking trip
they took during th e ir spring break. M ake up a dialogue following the instructions.
STU D EN T A
G reet your friend, say that
you were on a hik in g trip with
your friends and co u ld n 't wait
to com e back hom e because it
turned out to be a real disaster.
Say how' you feel and express
concern that you m ight be
com ing down with the cold after
hiking in rainy weather. Add that
it w asn’t the worst thing during
the trip.
Tell your friend that on the very
first day one o f the girls badly
cut her finger when m aking
sandwiches.
4.
Say what you had in your First
Aid Kit to help the girl. M ention
that you had an o th er problem
to solve — some students were
allergic to m osquito bites.
D escribe th eir sym ptom s.
Tell Student' B that two other
students load blisters on their
^
^ ’ ofpugcom fort able
relief that you had
needed in your
First .A id Kit to help them too.
saying that there
left after your
Say what you are
about ycjiir cold.
rTÜ. ■ j 'l l k
il I 1
I“ [It
STUDENT B
I.
Show sympathy.
C om m ent on your
friend looking
unwell. Ask what
happened.
2.
Give a sym pathetic
response and ask
w hat else went
wrong.
3.
Express your concern
and ask what first aid
Student A gave the
girl.
4.
Say that you know
w hat should be done
in a situation like
this. Explain in
detail.
5.
M ake a joke that
a First Aid Kit is
a very useful thing
and you are going
to take it with you
wherever you go.
Ask if there js
anything in ii to
Student A with h
her cold.
6.
Express hope that
Student A will get
well soon.
J
ib
—•
U n it
f O
.
Hes
the Greatest wealth
VI. READING
13
Read the text and answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
W h a t's the a u th o r 's attitud e to his being ill?
W hat s y m p to m s do es the a u th o r m e ntio n in the story? How do es he m a n a g e to exaggerate the
seriousness o f his c o n d itio n ? W hy do es he d o this? Find the expressions in the text a im e d at
revealing his ten de n c y to exaggerate.
How does the a u t h o r define the difference in a ttitudes o f m en a n d w om en to being ill? D o you
sh a re the a u th o r 's o p in io n abo ut w o m en bein g filled with “ the spirit o f noble self-sacrifice” ?
How do the w o m en described in the story perceive th e ir h u s b a n d s' illnesses? W ha t d o they d o to
take care o f th e ir h usb a n d s?
W ha t words a n d expressions does the a u th o r use to describe his tricks in a h u m o ro u s way?
Pick up all the lips on how to seem ill, w h ic h the a u th o r provides in the text. Are you ready to use
th e m ? O r d o you ac tu a lly behave in the sa m e way w h en you are ill?
How to be ill
5
to
15
20
25
30
in spite o f yo ur efforts to put a brave front.
O n c e you arc in to y o u r p a ja m a s a n d you r bed,
the battle is as g oo d as won. D o not at first
ask for a n y th in g — you d o not w ant to be
a bother to anyone, you are prepared to lie
there alone a n d suffer in silence until the end
co m e s. U n d e r no c ir c u m s ta n c e s should you
ask for food — n o b o d y can have a really
w orth w hile illness and a n appetite. At no tim e
at all th e y are all over you — full o f c o n c e rn ,
strok in g you brow a n d destro ying themselves
in a n a ttem p t to restore you to health.
Most m en are n aturally good at this sort o f
things and will exploit a minor illness to good
effect. But m en are not h y po c ho ndria cs —
sufferers from im ag in ary illnesses as most
w om en believe. T h e fact is that most m en are
produced and well-timed groans and grimaces
fully aware that they are perform ing a valuable
O f c o u rs e , b e in g a m a n , I have to show that
social service by m ak in g out that they are more
I suffer my p ain bravely, but I m a ke it quite
ill th a n they really are. You see. w om en love
c le a r th a t I a m . n o n e th e le ss, suffering.
Th ey do not on the whole like to be ill
1
suffer beautifully. I a m really g oodillnesses.
at
themselves, although they will occasionally take
it, a n d I c an melt the h ardest female heart
to their beds on some flimsy pretext, just to m ake
the m in u te I show sy m p to m s of, for instan ce,
migraine, even th oug h I'm probably suffering sure that they are not being taken completely for
from n o th in g m ore serious t h a n a hangover. granted. N o. a wife actually likes h e r husband
to be ill from tim e to time, so that she can show off
T h e first th in g you must do is to d eny th a t you
her talents as an amateur Florence Nightingale
are suffering, b ecause they will be reluctant
It is the spirit o f noble self-sacrifice that really
to give you any sym pathy, if they th in k that
t h a t ’s w hat you are after. But at the sa m e time Fulfils her. Even if sh e ’s encouraged by all
that you deny you're ill, you m ust furrow your the television com m e rc ia ls she sees, which
brow an d to u c h the part o f you tha t is in agony show a c a lm , c a rin g m other, wife, w ho gives
m o p p in g to fevered brows, a d m in iste rin g patent
to show th a t the pain is overwhelming you.
1 h a te b e in g ill. I d o n 't simply m e a n th a t
I dislike the illness itself, a lth o u g h th a t's also
true, but I hate w ha t being ill does to my
c haracter. As soon as 1 have a h e a d a c h e or
a cold, o r the first signs o f the flu c o m in g on,
I p roceed to behave as if I were in the grips
o f som e fatal illness a n d wear an expression
of martyrdom w h ich is su p p o se d to indicate
that 1 will bravely face the few days o f life that
are left to me.
T h e fact is that I have developed into a fine
art the ability to feel sorry for myself, a n d w hich
is m ore im p o r ta n t, to ring sy m p a th y out o f the
w o m e n w h o s u r r o u n d me. I love b e in g n u rsed
a n d fussed over, a n d I m a k e a th r e e - d a y cold
last a goo d week by a c o m b in a tio n o f carefully-
168
35
40
45
50
55
60
U n it Ю . Health is the greatest wealth
45
m ed icin es, p re p a rin g soothing potions, and
generally beh av in g like a n angel. A n d w hen
she sh akes llie th e r m o m e t e r before p r o d d in g il
into your u n p ro te s tin g m o u th , well, you w'ould
th in k it w as a m agic wand a n d she a fairy g o d ­
mother.
70
Still, as I said before, it is nice to be ill
once you get the hang of it. If. in ad d itio n , you
w ant to m ake your loved one happy, keep her
aw ake night afte r night with your moans and
groans and your requests for hot d rin k s and 75
cold com presses. As for her there is a bonus.
W hen you are b e lte r and back at work. th in k
of all the pleasure sh e ’s going to gel out o f
telling her neighbours about the hell sh e ’s
been th ro u g h .
80
14 A) Explain the highlighted phrases in your own words.
B) Use some of them to com plete the sentences. Change the pronouns and verb form s where
necessary.
1. 1 will noi go 1 0 h o sp ita l_________________! I’d raiher die in my own bed!
2. W hen Jerem y was suffering from the m um ps he m ade his m o th e r _________________him , never
allowing her to have a m om ent’s resl.
3. I d o n ’t usually d rin k much because 1 hate suffering f r o m _________________in the m orning.
4. W hen G ran n y fell off the stairs and broke her leg. her grandchildren offered 1 0 stay ai her place
and look after her. but she refused point blank. She said she didn't want t o ________________ to anyone.
M oreover, she could afford a real nurse.
5. Hue d id n 't exactly understand how the accident happened. The only thing he was aware o f w'as
th at he was lying on the ground, not being able to move a lim b b e c a u s e ________________ . Later
it turned out he had five broken and fractured bones.
6. O nce Andrew fell ill w'hile visiting his old aunt in an Essex village. Instead o f feeding him with
dozens o f different pills, as his m other usually did, his auntie prepared s o m e ________________ for
him to d rin k , and lie got better in a couple o f days.
7. M arianne often stays hom e from school. She wakes up in the m orning and sta rts _________________ to
show that she has a b a d ________________ . With the help o f ________________ she, o f course, softens
her m other’s heart. But 1 think, she is just playing truant.
8. In this tw o-day first-aid course, ladies, you will have t o ________________ how to give injections
an d bandage injuries.
(/m l *10« Hedlth is the cjt&dtest w/&3lth
VII. SPEAKING
15
People often complain about the ir health to their friends and acquaintances. It ’s a good idea to
know how to respond to these com plaints with sympathy.
A) M atch the common com plaints given below with the suitable responses. Options are possible.
Common com plaints
Sym pathetic responses
I
I feel a bit under lhe weather.
a
Maybe you’re going down with
som ething. T h ere’s a bug going
around.
2
I’m not feeling very well.
b
W hy d o n 't you go hom e and have
a lie-dow n?
3
I th in k I’m going down with a cold. I’ve got a sore
throat.
c
Maybe you should go hom e and
get some rest.
4
I’ve got a slight headache.
d
You d o n ’t look very well.
5
I feel a little faint.
®
I'm sorry to hear that.
6
I’ve got a nagging pain in my shoulder.
f
You look a little pale.
7
I’ve got a splitting headache.
g
1 hope it’s not a m igraine.
8
I have a bit o f a stom ach bug.
h
You look poorly.
9
1 th in k I've got a bit o f a tem perature.
i
You look like death w arm ed up.
10
I have a touch o f flu.
j
You’re looking peaky.
11
I've got a nasty cough. I’m afraid I’m com ing down
with a cold.
k
Why d o n 't you go to the doctor?
12
I feel really rough. / I'm shattered. / I’m on my last
legs.
1
H m m . you’d better stay
at hom e today.
13
My head is spinning, my m outh feels like cotton,
and 1 have a scratchy throat.
m
You really look a bit run-dow n.
14
I’m not sleeping very well at the m om ent.
15
I've sprained / dislocated / tw isted my ankle / wrist.
16
I’ve broken my arm . I'll be in plaster for weeks.
17
My back aches / I’ve got backache.
18
I feel sick. / I’m feeling nauseous. / I've got a terrible
stom achache / I think I’ve got food poisoning. /
I’ve eaten som ething bad and 1 feel unwell.
19
I’ve got a tem perature, a sore throat and a runny nose.
I th in k I’ve got a really bad cold.
B) M ark both the com plaints and responses F (formal) and I (inform al). Note that it’s b etter to use
the form al phrases when you speak to older people and those in authority.
C) Work with a partner. M ake up 3 mini-conversations about your health.
170
U n it 10. Health is the greatest wealth —
•|0
Somehow, there are few er expressions to praise your own or someone else’s health. Still, they
exist. Use three expressions to speak favourably about your and your gro u p -m ates’ health.
USEFUL LANGUAGE
■
He looks very well.
He is the picture o f health.
(N ote the definite article!)
T here’s nothing at all wrong with me.
1 feel great!
I ’m on top o f the world!
I feel like a m illion dollars!
1 co u ld n 't feel any better!
H e’s glow'ing with health.
VIII. LISTENING
17 You are
going to listen to a text about therapeutic humour and laughter. Before listening read the
following statem ents and try to guess w hat words are missing. Then listen and check.
1,
Laughing
(1)
( 2 ) ______________
______________
the
way
your response to stress.
your
im m une
system
functions
and
_. As a result, you can
2.
Laughing for even a few m inutes raises your (3)
( 4 ) ________________ and lose weight.
3.
W atching (5)
4.
T h an k s to hum our more natural killer cells are produced by our body, so w atching funny TV
shows will generally help you ( 6 ) ________________ .
5.
H um our has a positive effect on the im m une system which can help prevent such a serious disease
as ( 7 ) ________________ .
6.
W hen you are in a good m ood, you tend to do (8)
that is good for you.
helps sick children tolerate pain.
like exercise and eat food
— U n it fO . Health is the greatest w ealth------------------------------------------------
IX. READING
18 You
are going to read five jokes about doctors and their patients. Eight sentences have been
removed from them . Choose from sentences A—J the one which fits each gap (1—8).There are two
extra sentences which you do not need to use.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
A doctor was addressing a large audience...
Still no response, so he moves to five feet.
Try th is test to find out for sure.
Now. I'll speak about the eating disorders caused by this food.
But there is one thin g that is the most dangerous o f all.
A fter his Checkup, the doctor called the wife into his office alone.
The patient realized that his disease was fatal.
The d o cto r’s office was crowded as usual, but the doctor was moving at a snail’s pace.
If you can do this for the next 10 m onths to a year. I th ink he will regain his health completely.
She wasn't talking to me.
1. Problems with Hearing
A m an goes to his doctor and says, “ I don't th in k my wife's hearing is as good as it used to be. W hat
should I do?” T he doctor replies, “( I ) ______________________________ . W hen your wife is in the kitchen
doing dishes, stand fifteen feet behind her and ask her a question, if she doesn’t respond keep moving
closer asking the question until she hears you.” The m an goes hom e and sees his wife preparing dinner. He
stands fifteen feel behind her and says, “ W hat’s for dinner, honey?” He gets no response, so he moves to
ten feet behind her an d asks again. ( 2 ) ______________________________ Still no answer. Finally he stands
directly behind her and says, “ Honey, w hat’s for d in n er?”
She replies, “ For the fourth time, I SA ID C H IC K E N !"
2. Wife’s Diagnosis
A wom an accom panied her husband to the d o cto r’s office. ( 3 ) _______________________________________.
He said, “ Your husband is suffering from a very severe stress disorder. If you d on’t follow my instructions
carefully, your husband will surely die. Each m orning, fix him a healthy breakfast. Be pleasant at all times.
For lunch make him a nutritious meal. For d in n er prepare an especially nice meal for him . D o n't burden
him with chores. D on't discuss your problem s with him ; it will only make his stress worse. Do not nag
him . ( 4 ) ______________________________.” On the way hom e, the husband asked his wife, “ W hat did the
doctor say?” “ He said you’re going to die,” she replied.
3. A Comforting Nurse
A m an was w heeling him self frantically down the hail o f the hospital in his wheelchair, just before
his operation. The head nurse stopped him and asked. “ W hat’s the m atter?” The patient said, “ I heard
the nurse say, ‘It's a very simple operation, d o n ’t worry, I’m sure it will be all right.’ The head nurse
replied, ‘She was just trying to com fort you, w hat’s so frightening about th at?’ The patient continues,
“( 5 ) ______________________________ . She was talking to the doctor!”
4. A Queue Longer than Life
(6 )
. A fter waiting for two hours, a very old m an slowly stood up and
started walking towards the door. “ W here are you going?” the receptionist called out. “ Well,” the old man
said, "I figured I'd go home and die a natural death .”
5. He Knows It
(7 )
, “T he m aterial we put into our stom achs is enough to have killed
most o f us sitting here, years ago. Red meat is awful. Soft d rinks can rot your stom ach lining. C hinese
food is loaded with chem icals. High fat diets can be disastrous, and none o f us realizes the long-term harm
caused by the germ s in our d rin kin g water. ( 8 ) ______________________________! C an anyone here tell me
what food it is that causes the most grief and suffering for years after eating it?” A fter several seconds of
quiet, a 75-year-old man in the front row raised his hand, and softly said, “ W edding Cake."
172
X. WRITING
■j Q Write an article of 2 0 0 —2 5 0 words on benefits and risks of the alternative kinds of medicine. Choose
one of the suggested groups (1—4).
3.
1.
Energy H ealing T herapy
C h iropractic M edicine
M assage
A ccupiincture
Yoga and M editation
Hypnotherapy
Breathing Therapy
2.
Music Therapy
D ance T herapy
Ari T herapy
Sound H ealing Therapy
C olour H ealing Therapy
4.
Flower Essence Therapy
A rom atherapy
Herbs and Herbal T herapy
Mud T herapy
XI. REVISION TRANSLATION
20 Translate into English.
1
2
3
4
5
Л ік ар і стверд ж ую ть, ш о ця попа пакцина захишас від гепатиту В. я к и й є
надзвичайно заразливим вірусом. Тому
н еобхідн о зробити це щеплення всім
дітлахам д о ш к іл ь н о го віку.
У д и т и н и висока температура, не­
жить і болить горло. — На ваш ом у
місці я б викликав лікаря. — Н авіщ о?
С ко р іш е за все, це банальна застуда. —
Б ереж ен ого бої береже.
Ден був сильно травмований під час
м и н у л о ї гри. Я сп од івався, шо не л и ш е
розтягнення зв'язок, але з’ясувал ося,
щ о він зламав ліву руку. Л ік ар каже,
шо хлопец ь буде в гіпсі 3 ти ж н і.
— Тп не дуже добре виглядаєш. Щ ось
тр ап и л о сь? — У мене дуже болить голо­
ва. — С п о д іваю ся, це не мігрень. —
Я так не дум аю . Бою ся, я зар аз зан ад ­
то багато працю ю і не дуж е сплю . —
Ну шо ж, мабуть, твоя голова каж е
тобі, щ о час с к и н у т и оберти.
— Ти п о ди ви ся на М арка! Він просто
втілення здоров’я. — Т ак, він може бути
зр азк о м д л я кож ного, хто розум іє, що
здоров’я — не найбільше багатство.
А ось я почуваюся жахливо. У мене
дере горло і сильний кашель. Бою ся зва­
литися із застудою. — К аж уть,
щ о ходить вірус. Чому б тобі не піти
додом у і не полежати?
6
7.
— Гей. що це з тобою ? В иглядаєш
пригніченим. — Т ак. я досить погано по­
чуваюся. У мене болить горло, голо­
ва йде обертом, у роті пересихає, і. га­
даю , у мене невеликий жар. — Х -м -м,
кращ е з а л и т и с я на к іл ь к а д н ів удома
і полеж. Т и ж знаєш , що постільний ре­
жим — н ай к р ащ і ліки. П и й побільш е
гарячого з л и м он ом . Підтримуй водний
баланс. О крім того, вітамін С д о п о м о ­
же тобі підвищити імунітет і побороти
вірус. — С паси бі тобі за поради і т у р ­
боту. Я н ап евн о зателефоную завтра на
роботу і скажу, що захворів.
М айж е всім може коли -н ебудь зн ад о ­
бити ся аптечка. Д о м аш н ю ап теч ку за ­
звичай в и кори стовую ть д л я лікування
незначних травм, так и х я к опіки, порізи,
садна, укуси, розтяги зв’язок і м'язів.
В ап теч к а х м аю ть бути л ік и д л я полег­
шення (to alleviate) симптомів вірусних
респіраторних інфекцій, включаючи
підвищену температуру, нежить, кашель,
біль у горлі; незначного болю, проблем
шлунково-кишкового тракту, проблем
зі шкірою і алергій. У певніться, ш о ви
зн аєте, я к п р ав и л ь н о ви к о р и сто ву в а­
ти усі засоби у ваш ій ап теч ц і, о соб л и ­
во ліки. П еревіряйте ап теч к у двічі на
рік і зам ін ю й те ліки, термін вживання
яких сплив.
173
l i! !•
MEDICINES
CURE DISEASES,
! DOCTORS CURE
•III PATIENTS
T he body is a wonderful thing, until it goes wrong...
I. LEAD-IN
■J
When was the last tim e you went to see a doctor? Tell your partner about your visit using
the questions below as guidelines.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Did any pain o r illness b o th er you or did you go for a regular check-up?
W hat sym ptom s were you developing?
Did you dccide to go to the doctor or did anyone advise you to do that?
Did you go to a walk-in clinic or did you have an appointm ent? Was it a governm ent-funded or
private c lin ic/ m edical ce n tre/ hospital?
W hat questions did the d o cto r ask you?
Did the d o cto r give you a physical exam ination?
Did the nurse or the d o cto r take your vuul signs (tem perature, blood pressure, pulse, rare
o f breathing, etc)?
Did the doctor recom m end you to have any tests (blood, urine. X-ray) taken?
Did the d o cto r refer you to any other m edical specialist?
Did the d octor give you prescriptions for am m edications?
Did you have to see that doctor again?
Did the d o cto r’s recom m endations help you?
AMBULANCE
mm m
№
II. VOCABULARY
2
A) M atch the words to form collocations.
medical
insurance
reception
bacterial
exam ination
blood
side
vital
form
pressure
signs
condition
effects
area
infection
rooms
B) Use the collocations to fill in the gaps.
My Last Visit to the Doctor
I was feeling a little unwell the other day,
so 1 decided to visit my d o cto r before things
got worse. I called her in the m orning,
and I m ade an appointm ent for 9:30 a.m .
W hen I arrived at her office, I had to fill in
s o m e _____________ (I) and a questionnaire asking
about my current and past _____________ (2),
along with the sym ptom s I was developing. After
a few m inutes, the receptionist called my nam e and took me back to one o f t h e i r _____________ (3).
She took my _____________ (4) including my tem perature and _____________ (5), and then I waited
until the d o cto r cam e in. A fter looking me over and asking a few questions, the doctor's diagnosis
was th at I had a _____________ (6). She wrote me out a prescription for some m edication, which
I was supposed to take two tim es a day. I asked her if there were a n y _____________ (7) to taking that
m edicine as I d idn 't want to run the risk o f having com plications. The doctor assured me that the drug
she prescribed would help me feel better and not make my condition worse. A fter that I went back
to t h e _____________ (8) and got my prescription.
"VHWfilh. .«SSI
. ..
175
—
Q
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure p atie nts ------------------A) Read the dialogues and match the words and expressions in bold with their Ukrainian equivalents
from the box.
м ікоз (гри бкова ін ф ек ц ія)
ту пий біль
хворе горло
п олегш и ти си м п то м и
н акл ад ати п ов'язку
л ь о д я н и к и від каш л ю
гострий біль
стр аж д ати віл б езсо н н я
милиці
п олегш и ти біль
п о кр и ти ся висипом
свербіж
ви п и сати рец еп т
втирати мазь
п озб ави ти ся зап ал е н н я
зад и хати ся
п ри скори ти о д у ж ан н я
н ервови й зрив
A.
D octor. I've been suffering from insomnia (I) lately. Do you think I might be heading for
a nervous breakdown (2)? — No. o f course not. But I'll prescribe som e sleeping pills to help you
get a good n ig ht’s rest. OK? - T h an k you, doctor.
B.
I can 't stop scratching this place on my foot. Do you think it's athlete's foot (3)? — Possible. Try
this lotion for a few days to stop the itching (4): then start putting on this powder at night.
C.
I've got a rather sore throat (5); and I keep feeling a bit flushed. Do you think it could be the flu? —
Unlikely, but I'll let you have some cough m ixture to relieve the symptoms (6). You can get
yourself some cough lozenges (7). if you like.
D.
I keep getting shooting pain (8) down my shin and ankle. Is it possible that I’ve broken or sprained
som ething? — Well, the X-ray d id n 't show anything. If it’s so painful, you'd belter have some
crutches (9) to walk w ith and som e painkillers to ease the pain (10).
E.
I've got a dull ache (II) in my arm and occasionally I get a spasm . C ould it be a m inor fracture
or som ething? — It's just possible. I'll strap it up (12) anyway and put it in a sling. T hat should
reduce your discom fort quite a lot.
F.
Fve come out in a rash (13) on my chest. D o you th in k it could be a skin disease
like im petigo o r derm atitis? — Oh no. I’ll give you som e ointm ent to rub in (14) to get rid
of the inflam m ation (15).
G.
1 keep getting short of breath (16). Is there any way I could be suffering from asthm a? — M m ,
sounds a bit like it. I’ll make you out a prescription (17) for some antibiotics, and som e m enthol
inhalations m ight speed up the recovery (18).
B) In the dialogues find the words and phrases that can be grouped under the following headings:
symptoms/ complaints
a doctor’s actions/ recommendations
C) Work in pairs and act out a dialogue using words and expressions from the list above.
Student A is a patient who is visiting a doctor and complaining about some health problem .
Student B is a doctor who is giving recom m endations to the patient on how to cure the illness.
176
----------------U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
III. LISTENING
Listen to 5 people talking on health issues and choose the best answer to the questions.
1.
Why does the common cold occur so frequently?
a) Because it is an infectious disease caused by various bacteria.
b) Because it is caused by thousands o f cold viruses.
c) B ecause the hum an body cannot fight against new viruses.
d) Because there is no treatm ent o f rhinovirus it is causcd by.
2.
How do people ‘catch pneumonia’?
a) They breathe in airborne bacteria o r viruses.
b) T hey d rin k water co n tain in g organism s that cause pneum onia.
c) T hey are infected when they cough and sneeze.
d) They contract it when bacteria enter their stom achs.
3.
What kind of treatment do chiropractors provide?
a) Patent m edicine to relieve pain.
b) Psychotherapy to help patients return to full health.
c) M anual therapy focusing on the spine and o th er joints.
d) Physiotherapy to increase mobility.
4.
What profession is the speaker talking about?
a) A hospital nurse.
b) A general practitioner.
c) An anesthesiologist.
d) A hospital attendant.
5.
What is the reason to get an annual physical examination?
a) To have various m edical tests.
b) To look into the family health history.
c) To receive additional checks.
d) To have a m edical problem diagnosed in time.
—
U n it f t . Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
C
Fill in the gaps in the table with the words from the box.
IV. VOCABULARY
•
acne
A ID S
anem ia
anorexia
atherosclerosis
autism
bronchitis
colitis
conjunctivitis
d a n d ru ff
derm atitis
hypertension
influenza (flu)
kidney stones
kleptom ania
leukem ia
m alaria
m um ps
nicotine addiction
P arkinson’s disease
pneum onia
pyelonephritis
quinsy
stom ach ulcer
stroke
tonsillitis
tuberculosis
w hooping cough
A. Infectious diseases
•
•
•
•
chickenpox
cholera
diphtheria
dysentery
•
•
•
encephalitis
m easles
m eningitis
B. Heart and blood
vessels diseases
C. Stomach and
intestines diseases
D. Lungs and
respiratory diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
a cardiac arrest
aneurism
angina
heart failure
hypotension
varicose veins
•
Alzheim er's disease
cerebral hemorrhage
epilepsy
multiple sclerosis
poliomyelitis
rabies
tetanus
178
asthm a
em physem a
lung cancer
■
G. Neurological diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
enteritis
pancreatitis
•
•
•
plague
scarlet fever
typhoid
E. Blood diseases
•
•
hem ophilia
thrombophlebitis
•
F. Kidney and
urological diseases
•
•
•
adenom a
cystitis
nephritis
•
H. Mental disorders
•
•
•
•
•
•
agoraphobia
alcoholism
Down syndrome
manic depression
paranoia
schizophrenia
I. Eye diseases
•
•
•
•
•
astigm atism
cataracts
glaucom a
myopia
J. Skin diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
athlete's foot
cold sores
eczem a
hives
scabies
shingles
warts
K. Ear, nose
and throat diseases
• antritis
• laryngitis
• otitis
■ rhinitis
• sinusitis
U n it tt . Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients —
W hat diseases and disorders are the following symptoms typical of?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
у
painful swelling o f the salivary glands, particularly when chewing; fever; headache; dry m outh,
sore face an d /o r ears;
dry cough; high fever; chest pain; rapid breathing;
very high fevers during the first four days, cough, runny nose: red eyes; rash starting on the
head and then covering the whole body;
attention and spatial difficulties which interfere with reading acquisition ргосІЩ '
Jk
easy fatigue and loss o f energy; unusually rapid heartbeat and shortness o f breath, particularly
with exercise; headache, difficulty concern rating; dizziness; pale skin; leg cram ps: insom nia;
h ig h fever; h e a d a c h e ; m uscle a c h es: c h ills ; e x tre m e tire d n e ss ; d ry c o u g h ; ru n n y nose;
s to m a c h sy m p to m s, such as n au se a, v o m itin g , an d d ia rr h e a , m ay also o c c u r;
b u rning pain that develops in yout abdom en (tum m y) lasting from a few m inutes to a few hours;
indigestion; heartburn; loss o f appetite; being sick; intolerance o f fatty foods;
a red, raised, itchy rash consisting o f weals that are very itchy and range in size from a few
m illim etres to the size o f a hand; individual weals norm ally fade after a few hours, but can be
replaced by new ones elsewhere on the body; usually caused by allergy or stress.
Translate into English.
1)
2)
3)
4)
цряиир
п равец ь;
сте н о к ар д ія , грудна
жаба;
удар: п ар ал іч ; інсульт:
кропивниця:
і л,
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
зу п и н к а серця;
св и н к а;
коклю ш ;
ш и зо ф р ен ія;
кір;
Ю)
id
12)
ан гін а;
вугровий висип;
грибкове
захворю ван ня ніг.
—
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
Read the poem by Shel Silverstein and say w hat diseases/ illnesses and com plaints the author has
m entioned.
Sick
“ I can n o t go to school today,” said little Peggy A nn McKay.
“ I have the m easles and the m um ps, a gash, a rash, and purple bumps.
My m outh is wet, my throat is dry. I'm going blind in my right eye.
My tonsils are as big as rocks. I've counted sixteen chicken pox.
And there’s one more — that's seventeen! And don't you think my face
ireen?
My leg is cut. my eyes are blue — it m ight be instam atic flu.
I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke. I'm sure that my left leg is broke.
My hip hurts when I move my chin, my belly button's caving in.
My back is w renched, my an k le ’s sprained, my 'pendix pains each tim e it
My nose is cold, my toes are numb. I have a sliver in my thum b.
My neck is stiff, my spine is weak. I hardly whisper when I speak.
My tongue is filling up my m outh. I th in k my hair is falling out.
My elbow’s bent — my spine a in ’t straight. My tem perature is one-o-eight.
My brain is sh ru n k . I cannot hear, there is a hole inside my ear.
I have a hangnail, and my heart is — ...W HAT?
W hat's that? W h at’s th at you say? You say today
Saturday?
G 'bye, I’m going out to play!"
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
Who treats what
Medical specialists are experts in certain fields o f medicine. They either treat specific parts o f the body,
such as the spine or the brain, or they specialize in certain diseases, such as cancer. Family doctors keep
a list o f local specialists and can help patients choose the right specialist for each medical issue. In many cases,
specialists require a referral from a family doctor before they see a patient.
M atch each specialist with the medical issue that they deal with and speak about them as in the
example:
E.g.: A dermatologist is a doctor who treats skin problems.
1)
a derm atologist
a)
determ ines food and environm ental allergies
2)
a neurologist
b)
prevents pain during surgery
3)
a pediatrician
c)
treats heart diseases
4)
a psychiatrist
d)
treats physical problem s by pressing on and moving the bones
in the back and joints
5)
an ophthalm ologist
e)
specializes in the diagnosis and m anagem ent o f horm onal
conditions
6)
an allergist
0
treats skin problem s
7)
an oncologist
g)
deals with m edical conditions and illnesses th at affect only
females
8)
an otolaryngologist
h)
treats patients using things such as plants, rather than drugs
9)
a urologist
i)
deals with the birth o f children
10)
a psychotherapist
j)
treats eye diseases
11)
a cardiologist
k)
treats babies and children
12)
a chiro p ractor
1)
specializes in digestive diseases/ disorders
13)
a gynecologist
in) deals with m alignant diseases and tum ours
14)
an anesthesiologist
n)
treats ear, nose and throat diseases
15)
an obstetrician
o)
specializes in diseases o f the urinary organs in females and
the urinary tract and sex organs in males
16)
a naturopath
p)
specializes in nervous diseases
17)
an endocrinologist
q)
treats m ental illnesses by discussing patients' problem s rather
than giving drugs
18)
a gastroenterologist
r)
treats people with m ental illnesses through m edication
181
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
V. SPEAKING
Your friend is complaining about the symptoms s/he or his/her relatives have. Advise him /her what
specialist to turn to. Use the phrases from the USEFUL LANGUAGE box.
E.g.: I've been having this terrible earache fo r three days! — W hy don't you go and see a good
otolaryngologist/ eye. nose and throat specialist?
USEFUL LANGUAGE
______
If 1 were you... I would
Have you thought of...?
D on't you th in k it's
a good idea to...
Perhaps you’d better...
I'd really advise you to
I think it's worth...
Why d o n 't you...?
1 th in k you should...
B etter not...
How about...?
You c o u ld / m ight...
L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I d o n ’t know what to do! My father’s snoring is getting worse and worse!
My mum has grown very irritable and has got recurrent nightmares.
My granny is having problems with her back and joints.
My older sister is having problems with her first pregnancy.
My younger brother has got a terrible rash on his arm s and legs after he played with a stray cat.
Sorry, I can 't eat this food. I think it gives me hives.
Oh. I’m afraid my eyesight is not so good!
The test results show that his aunt has an advanced form of blood cancer.
My dad still can't walk and it's been three m onths since his accident. He hates being stuck in
a wheelchair.
10. 1 d o n ’t want to take any drugs th at will cause me to becom e addicted to them , but I do need
som e sort o f pain relief.
11. I ’m afraid my m um is suffering from depression and she doesn't sleep well o f late.
12. My grandpa keeps having high blood pressure.
13. M y recent tests showed high blood sugar levels.
14. 1 often feel sick after meals.
VI. VOCABULARY
M ake collocations and use them
in sentences of your own.
HAVE
TAKE
M AKE
W R IT E O U T
L ISTE N TO
DO
GIVE
G ET
a tem perature
sb's tem perature
sb's pulse
sb's blood pressure
tests
a prescription
an injection
a check-up
an appointm ent
a deep breath
sb’s chest (sound)/ lungs
(sound)/ heart beat
a b lood/ urine sample
a diagnosis
m edication
12 Translate into English.
1) мати тем пературу;
2) м іряти к р о в ’ян и й ти ск;
3) з р о б и т и і н ’є к ц і ю ;
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Ю)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
п остави ти д іагн оз;
п ри й м ати л ік и ;
зр о б и ти гл и б оки й вдох;
проходити о б стеж ен н я ;
м іряти пульс;
прослуховувати б и ття серця;
д авати л ік и :
зап и сати ся на п ри й ом до л ік ар я ;
ро б и ти ан ал ізи ;
бути на п р и й о м і у л ік ар я ;
м іряти тем пературу;
п рослуховувати легені;
в и п и сати рецепт.
U n it f t . Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
VII. READING
13 Read the information and discuss the question.
Being a doctor gives a person certain rights and privileges. In return, he or she must fu lfill certain
duties and responsibilities. The principles o f good medical practice and the standards o f competence, care,
and conduct in all aspects o f their professional work are described in hospitals' rules and regulations. Here
are some o f them.
All doctors must:
— provide an adequate assessment o f the patient's condition, based on the case history and physical
examination;
— provide the patient with appropriate treatment;
— respect the patient's right to decline treatment;
— give patients the information they request about the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis;
— prescribe only the drugs and treatments that will serve the p a tien t’s needs;
— abide by the hospital rules, protocols and standard practice;
— be willing to consult with colleagues;
— work within the limits o f their professional competence...
I f you were a doctor, would you act against the hospital rules to save som eone’s life in case
o f emergency?
14 You are going to read
a passage from the famous novel “D octors” by an American w riter
Erich Segal. Before you read, match the words and phrases from the te x t with their meanings.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
to peer
to alert
to be sm eared
to strip o ff
to put up a fight
to give a hand
slat
to acknowledge
to screw up
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
g)
h)
i)
to help
to have a coating or m arks o f a greasy or sticky substance
im m ediately, w ithout delay
to accept
to warn som eone about a problem , danger
to make a bad mistake
to look closely
to offer resistance
to remove clothing
—
U n it 11. AMedicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
the text and answer the questions.
15 Read
1. W hat was the alert in the E.R. about?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
W hat had happened to the patients?
W hat injuries did they get?
W hich o f them was in a worse condition? Why?
Why was the second E.R. team doing nothing when Seth entered
the second traum a room?
W hat steps did Seth take when he heard that the patient was dead?
Why do you th in k Seth ordered the younger doctor to inject
the drug into the patient’s heart instead o f doing it him self?
Why did Tim feel guilty?
How do you u nderstand Seth's words at the end o f the story?
Doctors
It had been a relatively quiet night in the
pit. as d o c to rs often referred to the E.R. —
the usual broken bones, febrile babies, c a r crash
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
victim s, etc.—until the police su dd e nly alerted
the A d m issio n s nurse that tw o victim s o f a
p articularly brutal m ugging, bo th o f w ho m had
received multiple stab w o u n d s and were bleeding
badly, were on th e ir way to the hospital.
In a m a tte r o f m in utes, Seth
heard
a m b u la n c e s a n d police cars a n d a split second
later, th ere was b e d la m in the E.R . T h ere m ay
have been only tw o p atients, but th e a tte n d a n ts
a n d p o lic e m e n r u s h in g th e m in on stretchers
were them selves sm e are d w ith blood.
" W h o ’s in charge h ere?” barked a police
sergeant.
“ I a m , ” Seth said. "Tell
me quickly, I d o n 't th in k we
have much tim e to lose.'
“ Sorry, Doc. sorry. From
what I could see, the wom an
got the worst o f it. She seems
to have more w ounds—and
I th in k she’s been raped.
too.’’
“T h an k s, Sergeant.” Seth
said quickly. “ I'll take care of
her myself.”
He m otioned to a pair o f
nurses and T im Bluestone,
an intern, to take the m an
into the second traum a room.
M eanwhile he, an o th er intern
and a th ird nurse would work
on the w om an in Room I.
Before the wheels o f the
trolley had even stopped
revolving. S eth’s assistant was
startin g an [.V. in one arm .
184
while he him self started a second and began 40
transfusing blood.
The nurse had stripped o ff what was left o f
the w om an’s torn garm ents. T hough she was
spouting blood everywhere, the patient lay so
com atose with shock that she seem ed beyond 45
_____
pain.
As he tried to gauge the quantity and severity
o f her w ounds, Seth heard angry and indignant
voices around the table saying, “A nim als,
absolute anim als. How' could anybody do a 50
thing like th at?”
“She obviously put up a hell of a fight." Seth
remarked quietly “ She's mostly cut up on her arm s
and shoulders. There are only two lacerations
on her abdomen and they're 55
well below the heart and too
superficial to have damaged
an organ."
He looked at the younger
doctor.
“C heck
her
for 60
internal bleeding and start
sewing. I'll give you a hand
as soon as I see how Tim is
doing.”
He walked quickly across 65
the corridor and opened the
door to find the o th er E.R.
team strangely m otionless.
“ W hat's happening?” Seth
asked.
70
Tim Bluestone answered
hoarsely. “ He was knifed
right in the heart. H e’s
dead."
Seth looked at the cardiac 75
monitor: the printout looked
like a straight line. The victim
lay im m obile on the table.
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases , doctors cure patients —
so
85
W
95
ioo
105
no
a small red stream leaking slowly from a cut on
the left side o f his chest.
“Take his blood pressure again,” Seth
ordered as he withdrew a tiny flashlight from
his pocket to peer into the m an ’s eyes.
“ Eve already checked them ,” Bluestone
com m ented. “ His pupils were dilated and d id n 't
react at all.”
Almost as if he had not heard. Seth asked.
“ W hat's the blood pressure?”
"Z ero ,” Bluestone answered. "I told you.
he's dead.”
Again Seth seem ed to ignore his colleague’s
verdict. "G ive me a needle and a syringe stat."
“ With w hat. D octor?" the head nurse
inquired.
“Just a hypoderm ic,” he snapped.
The syringe was placed in his hand. To the
astonishm ent o f all present—especially young
Dr. Bluestone—Seth swittlv plunged the needle
into the m an's chest, alm ost as close to the heart
as the wound itself. Slowly he let the syringe fill
with blood, relieving pressure from around the
m an's heart.
“ I’m startin g to get a h eartb eat,” said the
incredulous nurse at the m onitor.
Seth nodded slightly to acknowledge her
report and tu rn ed to the o th er nurse. “ Give
Dr. Bluestone ten mils o f epinephrine.” He
then glanced at the younger doctor and said,
"P ut it straight into his heart, rim .”
W ithout an o th er word, Seth reached into
the instrum ent tray, withdrew a scalpel, slit
open the m an's chest, and with a wide retractor
snapped two o f his ribs. Now there for all eyes
to see was the h eart—beating.
M atch the words and phrases in bold with
their definitions.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
a part o f a hospital that im m ediately helps
people who have been hurl in an accident;
loosing blood inside your body;
through or into a vein;
to inject blood into a blood vessel;
som eone who has nearly finished training
as a d o cto r and is working in a hospital;
to m ake a straight long cut;
a type o f a bed for carrying som eone who
is too injured o r ill to walk;
an in strum ent for injections;
cuts in the skin.
Seth covered the knife wound with one hand
and squeezed the heart with the other. The
head nurse dashed out to see if the surgeons
on call had arrived to com plete the work Seth
had already begun.
Bluestone was speechless. All he could manage
was, "Jesus, that was quick thinking.” And then it
occured to him. “ But it’s against hospital rules for
anyone but a sutgeon to open a patient’s chest."
“ I know.” Seth replied in quiet annoyance.
“ But try telling that to his widow."
Seth's hands continued to pulsate the heart,
his eyes fixed on the m an ’s face.
A fter a few m inutes the patient began
to groan, "E llen, w here’s m y Ellen?”
“ S he’s all right.” Seth w hispered. “ I'm
Dr. Lazarus and your wife’s in the other room.
You're both going to be all right.”
A n hour later, when the two doctors had
m anaged to wash the blood off their hands
(though their jackets were still streaked with
red), they had a chance to rcfiect on w hat had
happened.
"I d o n ’t know what to say, Seth. I feel so
goddam n guilty. If you h ad n ’t com e in—”
"Forget
it. Tim . We all screw up
som etim es.”
“ Not you. I've been watching you for a whole
vear now and I've not seen you m iss a single
thing.”
Seth sm iled. “T h a t’s a procedure they never
teach you in Med School, Tim . It’s called
C.Y.A."
“ W hat?”
“ C overing Your Ass.”
From “Doctors" by Erich Segal
17
Find words or phrases highlighted
in the text which mean the same as:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
to flow;
not serious;
feverish;
to te st/ m easure;
to becom e wider;
to press;
to break.
Find in the text all collocations with
the words b lo o d and h e a r t and use them
in sen ten ces/ situations of your own.
185
U5
no
125
130
135
140
145
150
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
Find English equivalents in the text.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
чи сел ьн і колоті ран и ;
рвані р ан и :
медсестра в п р и й м а л ь н о м у відд ілен н і;
забруднені к р о в ’ю;
зроб ити укол в н у тр іш н ьо в ен н о ;
ш п р и ц д л я п ід ш к ір н о ї ін ’єк ц ії;
в ід ч ай д у ш н о ч и н и ти опір;
кр о в л и л а ся струм ком ;
в н у т р іш н я кровотеча;
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
його вдарили ножем п рям о в серце;
п ом іряти тиск;
зін и ц і ро зш и р ен і;
ввести голку в грудну кл іти н у ;
н ап овн и ти ш п ри ц к р о в ’ю;
зроб и ти розріз грудної к л іти н и ;
серц еби ття:
п р о ан ал ізу в а ти , що тр ап и л о ся.
20 Speak about the em ergency case described in the text as if you were:
• Dr. Lazarus;
• the nurse;
■ the young doctor (Tim Bluestone).
VIII. SPEAKING ІШШ
2 "j Project work
Vitamins and m inerals are essential nutrients our bodies need in sufficient am ounts to work properly.
Choose one of them from the list and make a presentation using the guidelines.
Vitamins and minerals
Guidelines
• V itam in A
• Folate
1. W hat is this v ita m in / m ineral and what does it do?
• V itam in B12
• Iodine
2. How m uch o f this v ita m in / m ineral do people need?
• V itam in B(>
■ Iron
3. W hat foods provide this vitam in?
• C alcium
• V itam in K
• C hrom ium
• M agnesium
4. W hat happens if a person doesn’t get enough o f this
v ita m in / m ineral?
• V itam in C
• Phosphorus
5. W hat are the effects o f this v ita m in / m ineral on health?
• V itam in D
• Selenium
6. C an it be harm ful?
• V itam in E
• Z ink
E.g.: Vitamin B6
V itam in B() is involved in the process o f m aking
serotonin and n o rep inephrine, which arc chem icals
th at transm it signals in tnc to ain . It also takes pari
in more th an 100 enzym e reactions. V itam in Bb i n
involved in brain developm ent d u rin g pregnancy
and infartcy as well as im m une functio
T h e 'a m o u n t o f vitam in B* depends on the age.
Average daily recom m ended am ount for adults 19—
50 years is 1 .3 milligrams'.
M ajor sources o f vitam in B
real
as,
grains, legum es, vegetables (carrots, spi
and potatoes), m ilk, cheese* eggs, fish,
rbjjgf,
'jl '
rv шid bananas.
%
1
p o “« !ly і
iijliiilw
186
tu-
B6 is effective against m ore than 100 health
conditions. It’s used against rheum atoid arthritis,
protects the body" from cardiovascular diseases,
prom otes cell grow th, reproduction and division,
helps the digestive system work properly, m ain tain s
healthy muscle tone and skin, improves m em ory.
reduces
depression,
moodines.<
irritability.
forgetfulness, bloating and anxiety. It can even
help prevent the form ation o f kidney stones!
V ilam m B* deficiency may
ay cause health problem
p
s
i. nw.se les: It also causes
affecting
anem ia, itCl
e|s$ 5 n the corners № the
m outh, _a;
n,>-wfca^inunurfo!
svstem.
QM
РЦ
WK..
*
‘■■.і....
тщ>'
4
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*у0ШкГт’
--------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients —
D entistry
Some tortures are physical, and some are mental.
But the one (hat is both is dental.
2 2 Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
(Ogden Nash)
How often should people have a dental check-lip? Do you follow this rule?
W hai do you like and dislike about going to the dentist?
Do you remem ber the first time you went (were taken) to the dentist? Speak about your experience.
IX. VOCABULARY
Teeth and dental problems
a b a d / affected /
a c h in g / rotten tooth
to p / bottom teeth
a loose tooth
m ilk leeth
m olar teeth
can in e teeth
wisdom teeth
incisors
crooked teeth
disintegrated teeth
tooth enam el
dental plaque
a root canal
a cavity = tooth decay
g u m s/ inflam m ation o f
the gum s/ gum swelling
Treatment and hygeine
to remove the decay
to prevent the decay
to put a cro w n / cap on
the tooth
to drill a tooth
to pull o u t/ to extract
a to o th / to have (get)
a tooth pulled o u t/
extracted
to remove plaque
23
to put a filling
to im plant a to o th /
to have (get) a tooth
im planted
to fill/ to stop a tooth
(a cavity)/ to have (get)
a tooth sto p p ed / filled
to floss teeth
to put braces (wires) on
crooked teeth
an orthodontist
a d en tu re/ a false tooth
to straighten teeth
a dental bridge
a lo cal/ general
anaesthetic
a drilling m achine
dental hygiene
dental floss
a m outhwash
R ead th e tex t and fill in th e g a p s.
D entists recom m end that you go for a _______________(1) at least twice a year. T he dentist checks
th at your teeth are in good condition. If you have a _______________(2), you may need a filling. Many
adults have one or more fillings — often in th eir back teeth o r _______________(3).
You may have more serious problems wi(h your teeth and occasionally the dentist may have your
teeth X-rayed to see the dam age more clearly. For example, a tooth may be s o _______________ (4)
that the dentist recom m cnds a n _______________(5), when the tooth is removed, or you may need
r o o t _______________(6) work. In both cases, you will need an ________________ (7) not to feel the
pain. U nfortunately, you will still be able to hear the sound o f the d e n tis t's _______________(8).
Some adults also have problem s with t h e i r _______________(9) leeth. There are four o f (hem: two
top teeth, and t w o _______________(10) teeth at the extrem e left and right of the m outh. If they d o n't
cut properly, they can becom e painful and need to be removed.
If you fall over and knock out one of your front teeth, the dentist can lit a _______________ (II)
tooth. The dentist can also repair teeth which have disintegrated, by putting a _______________(12) on
the tooth or fixing a denture if necessary.
Specialist dentists, called orthodontists, c a n _______________(13) teeth which are crooked. They
p u t _______________(14) on the teeth to do this. Many children need to have this work done.
Finally, "prevention is better than cu re”. D entists recom m end that you brush your teeth
twice a day, and _______________ (15) your teeth to remove any food between your teeth.
A n a n tib a c te ria l_______________(16) will help to avoid the build-up o f plaque.
187
—
24
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients ~
x.
r e a d in g ^
Read the text and write out all the words connected with toothache and dentistry.
Seeing the Dentist
5
to
is
20
25
30
35
40
45
People have never been tired o f ta lk in g about
th e ir teeth. T h is is probably du e to the fact
that N a tu r e is always supplying new teeth to
talk about. T h e a c tu a l tim e o f suffering in the
d entist's c h a ir is on ly a fraction o f th e whole
affair. T h e p re lim in a ry period, about which
no bo dy talks, is m u c h th e worse. T h is dates
from the discovery o f the cavity a n d extends
to the m o m e n t when the dentist places his foot
on the a u to m a tic pedal a n d plugs ‘that bu z ze r
th in g ' into y o u r m ou th . Using a n a e sth e tic s for
to o th extraction may be h u m a n e in its way,
but th e tru e tim e for it is w hen the patient first
decides that he m ust go to the dentist,
T h e re is probably no m o m e n t m ore app a llin g
th a n ihat in w h ich the to ng ue, r u n n i n g idly over
the te e th , c o m e s sudd en ly u p o n the ragged edge
o f space from w hich the old f a m ilia r filling has
disa p p e a red . T h e world stops for a m o m e n t.
T h e n q uickly you draw' the to n g u e away, and
try to laugh the affair off, saying to yourself,
“ S tu ff an d
n onsense,
my go od fellow'! T h e re is
n o th in g the m a tte r with
yo ur
to o th !”
Having
decided th is to y o u r
satisfaction, you slyly,
a n d with p o o r a tte m p t
at being casual, slide the
to ngu e back along the
line o f adjacent teeth...
a n d there it is! T here
can be no doubt about it
this tim e . A cavity! T he
to o th sim ply has got to
be filled by so m eon e,
a n d the only person who
can fill it with a n y th in g
p e r m a n e n t is a dentist.
T h is m uch d ecid ed, all
tha t is necessary is to call h im up an d m ake an
a p p o in tm e n t.
Let us say th a t this resolve is m a d e on
Tuesday. T h a t a fte rn o o n you start to look up
the d e n tis t’s n u m b e r in the te lephone book.
188
A great wave o f relief sweeps over you w hen
you discover th a t it isn't there. How c an you
be ex pected to m ake a n a p p o in tm e n t with
a m a n w ho h a sn 't got a telephone? A n d how
can you have a to o th tilled without m a k in g an
a p p o in tm e n t? T h e whole th in g is impossible.
G o d know s you did you r best.
O n W e d ne sda y the looth d i d n ’t b o th e r you.
You w ou ld n't be surprised if by being careful,
you could get alo n g with it. A m a n has to th in k
o f his busin ess, afte r all. a n d what is a little
personal d isc o m fo rt in the sha pe o f an u nfilled
to o th to the satisfaction o f work well d o n e at the
office?
But the e u p h o ria d id n 't last long — it was
over on Friday m o r n in g w hen you decided to
have c r u n c h e s for breakfast. By Sa tu rd a y you
are fairly reconciled to going a h e a d but you
g e nuinely believe M o n d a y is really th e time.
Bright and early M onday m orning, you m ake
an o th e r try at the telephone book, and find, to
y ou r horror, that som etim e
between now and last
Tuesday
the
dentist’s
nam e and nu m ber have
been inserted into the
directory. There is really
nothing left to do but
to call h im up... A n
ap po in tm ent is arranged
for Tuesday
afternoon
at 3:30.
As Tuesday m o rn in g
daw ns, your tongue has
taken up a pe rm a ne nt
resting place in the vacant
tooth, and is causing you
to talk indistinctly and
incoherently.
Som ehow
you feel that if the dentist
o pens your m o u th an d finds the tip o f your tongue
in the to o th , he will be deceived an d go away
w ithout do in g anything. Besides, the whole left
side o f your jaw has suddenly developed an acute
sensitiveness and the disaffection has spread to
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
95
too
I05
no
the four teeth on either side o f the original one.
You doubt if il will be possible tor the dentist
to touch il at all. Perhaps all he intends to this
tim e is to look at it anyway. You might suggest
it to him . You could very easily com e in again
soon and have him do the actual work.
T h re e-th irty draws near. You take one look
about you at the happy people in the street and
step into the building where the dental parlor is.
Too often has the scene in the d en tist’s
w aiting room been described for me to try lo
do it again. They are all alike. T he antiseptic
sm ell, the om inous hum from the operating
room s, the ancient m agazines, and the silent.
sullen groups o f waiting patients...
T h e nurse ap p ears, and looks inqu irin g ly
at each o ne in the room . Each one in the
room evades th e nurse's glance in one last,
fu tile attem p t to fool som eone and get away
w ithout seeing the dentist. But she spots you
and nods pleasantly, “ T he d o c to r will see you
soon".
Sm iling feebly, you trip over the extended
feet o f the m an next to you. and stagger into
the deliverv-room . where you sink into the ll5
chair and close your eyes...
...But now let us consider the spiritual
exaltation that com es w hen you are at last let
down and turned loose. It's all over, and whai
did it am ount to? Why, nothing at all. A -ha- 120
ha-ha-ha-ha!
You suddenly develop a particular friendship
for the dentist. You ask him questions about
his instrum ents... A nd the dentist's family, how
are they? G aily you shake hands with him and 125
straighten your lie. Forgotten is the fact that
you have an o th er appointm ent with him for
Monday. T here is no such thing as Monday.
You are through for today, and all's right with
the world.
130
25 Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
In what way did the au th o r fmd a cavity in one o f his teeth? W hat did he feel at that m om ent?
W hat did he do to postpone the visit to the dentist?
How did the au thor plan to fool the dentist and m ake him do nothing during the first visit?
W hat did the d entist’s waiting room look like?
How did the au th o r’s m ood change after the visit to the dentist?
Explain what the author m eans by saying th at “the actual tim e o f suffering in the dentist's chair is
only a fraction o f the whole affair."
Give the chronology o f the events m entioned by the author.
Are you afraid o f visiting a dentist as well? Do you behave in the sam e way whenever you have any
problem s with your teeth?
189
—
U n it f t . Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
XI. VOCABULARY
M atch the ‘d en tal’ idioms with the ir explanations and meanings.
to light sm b / sm th tooth
and nail (to go at sm th
tooth and nail);
a)
to want sm th very m uch;
b)
to get som ething that is very disappointing
or upsetting that happens when you need support;
2)
to have a sweet tooth;
c)
to b e/ to get too old (hum orous connotation);
3)
to b e / to get long
in the tooth;
d)
to experience difficulties in the early stages o f a project/
activity;
4)
to do sm th by the skin
o f one’s teeth;
e)
to only just succeed in doing sm th. and very nearly failed
to do it;
5)
to give one’s eye teeth for
sm th;
0
to say som ething that is com pletely untrue in a bold
m anner;
6)
to lie through o n e’s teeth;
g)
7)
to get a kick in the teeth;
to start to do som ething with a lot o f energy and
determ ination;
8)
to have teething problems;
to like things that taste o f sugar;
9)
to get o n e’s teeth
into sm th;
h)
i)
10)
to grit o n e’s teeth.
j)
to try very hard to do or achieve som ething,
or to prevent som ething.
1)
to use all determ ination to continue in spite
of difficulties;
Give the English equivalents.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
закуси ти вудила;
бо р о ти ся не на ж и ття, а на см ерть;
не перш ої м олодості;
сп ати й бачити ш о-иебудь;
нагло, б езсо р о м н о брехати;
одерж ати п лю вок в о б л и ч ч я ;
7)
8)
9)
10)
бути л а с у н о м / ласунею ;
лед ь-лед ь (в сти гн у ти , врятувати ся);
мати п робл ем и , п ов’я за н н і зі
зр о ста н н я м чи ста н о в л ен н ям ;
зав зя то , ріш уче братися за як у сь
справу.
Fill in the gaps with the most suitable idiom.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
for it for a long time.
G regory is rich now. but he had to
Just
and h an s on - - it’ll be over soon.
for all o u r team .
If the boss breaks his prom ise, it will be
to plav the rom antic lead.
T h at actor is getting
It's things like chocolate and cake that I c a n ’t resist - - I’ve got
Daniel will
. saving anything he needs to get what he wants.
into
T h an k goodness classes begin next week I c a n ’t wait
the new course.
1 d o n ’t think we'll have any tim e to sit back and relax. T he project is m oving forward too fest
and has manv
that we m ust deal with.
T he car broke down on the way to the airport and they just caught
the plane
to have a little puppv.
T he little bov would
190
--------------------------------------------------
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
XII. LISTENING AND READING
29 Listen to the conversations and fill in the gaps.
Conversation 1: At the Dental Reception
Mr. Hummer: M orning. I have I) _________________ with Dr. Peterson at 10.30.
Receptionist: G ood m orning, can have your nam e, please?
Mr. Hummer: Yes, it’s Mr. H um m er.
Receptionist: Yes, Mr. H um m er. Is this the first tim e you're seeing Dr. Peterson?
Mr. Hummer: No, I had my 2 ) __________________ cleaned and checked last year.
Receptionist: O K , just a m om ent. I'll get your chart. Is there anything in particular you’d like
the dentist to check today?
Mr. Hummer: Well, yes. I’ve been having some 3)
_________ recently.
Receptionist: A lright, I'll make a note o f that.
Mr. Hummer: ...and I’d like to have my teeth cleaned as well.
Receptionist: O f course, Mr. H um m er, th at'll be part o f to d ay ’s dental 4 ) __________________ .
Please, have a seat and Dr. Peterson will be with you m om entarily.
Mr. Hummer: Thank y o u . ___
Receptionist: You’re quite welcome.
Conversation ^ Dental Check-up
Mr. Hummer: Hel l o^DogJj j ^i »—
^
^
^
Dr. Peterson: Goo<tTffornmg. Mr. HumiJSBta-How are you doing todayT
Mr. Hummer fflV-0K. I’ve been flavxng some gumjypain recently.
Dr. Pete R on: Wel'1, we’ll take a look. Please incline and open your m outh... th a t’s good. *
Mr. Hummer: (after being examined) How does it look?
o f the gum s. I th in k we should also
..m. „.Mr. Peterson: Well, there is som e 5) _________________
do a new set o f X-rays.
Mr. Hummer: Why do,you say
som ething wtoa^ 1
Dr. Peterson: No, no. it
A andard p ro ^ 'th # ^ e v e ry j o r . It looltsJikc you may have a few
b ) _____________________ as W \\.
Mr. Hummer: H m , that's liot good news.
Dr. Peterson: T here a d j u s t two and they look superficial.
Mr. Hummer: I hope1!stX
Dr. Peterson: Here, put on this protective; apron.
Mr. Hummer: OK. V
I
,.11
Dr. Peterson: (after taking the X-rays) Things look good. I don’t see any evidence of further
M r. Hummer: That & |o o d news!
Dr. Pelerstm : Yes, I'll just get these two 8 ) ______________
teeth cleaned.
ta
care o f and then we’ll
—
30
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure p atie nts-------------------Read the conversations and choose A—D to answer the questions. There can be more than one
answer.
A.
B.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
W hich
W hich
W hich
W hich
W hich
W hich
W hich
W hich
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
Jonathan
Dr. Blake
C.
D.
Mr. Stone
D ental Hygienist
dem ist personnel shared their personal preferences with the patient?
patients could choose th eir treatm ent?
patients w anted the dem ist to do two jobs on them ?
patients co u ld n 't endure dental pain?
dentist personnel discovered som ething that shockcd them ?
patients might lose a tooth?
patients is about to fall asleep?
patients has just had a dental job done on him ?
Conversation 3: Complications
Jonathan: Hi. Dr. Blake!
Dr. Blake: So, what seem s to be the problem today?
Jonathan: Well. I just cam e in for a check-up and a dental cleaning.
Dr. Blake: Hum . O pen up. L et’s take a look...
Jonathan: Okay. Uh...
‘f
^
Dr. Blake: H m ... Wow! I've never seen one lib ; T H IS before. Let hie try this.
Jonathan: Uhlih!.. O u h h h h \screaming in pain]
Dr. Blake: Well, besides a lot o f plaque buildup, there is a m ajor cavity in one o f your wisdom
teeth. H asn't this given you any trouble?
Jonathan: Well, the tooth has been bothering me, and it som etim es h u rts when I d rin k som ething
cold. D oes it look that bad?
Dr. Blake: Well, we're going to remove the decay, and then we'll either put a filling in. or if the
decay is extensive, and we c a n ’t repair it, we might have to put a crown on your tooth. Or. as a last
resort, we may have to extract the tooth.
Jonathan: U h, well, that sounds painful!
Dr. Blake: D o n ’t worry. I’ve done this... once before. N ^ .m L x e l a x ,
Jonathan: Wait! Will you give me som ething to dull tjlie pain?
Dr. Blake: O h, l alm ost forgot. We can either u sf ?a rcrcirHinW hetic or laughing gas. O r you can
just grin and bear it.
Jonathan: N ah, nah, nah! Put me under! I c a n ’t stand pain. A nd, if I need a filling, can I get one
that looks like my o ther teeth?
Dr. Blake: If v ^ ^ a n save th e ^ o o th with a filling, I recom m end a com posite filling instead of
a porcelain one. I t'll^ o b a b ly lastjonger.
Jonathan: Okay^
I, whatever. L et’s get it over with.
if
Dr. Blake: OkayJ; leasaiu.dream s. Drill please.
..i\x
--------------------------------------------------------------
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
Conversation 4: Dental Hygiene
Mr. Stone: G ood m orning.
Dental Hygienist: Hello, Mr. Stone. I'm G in a. I'll
be cleaning your teeth today.
Mr. Stone: Dr. Peterson has just filled two
cavities. Why do I need a cleaning?
Dental Hygienist: Well, we have to m ake your
teeth and gum s clean and disease free.
Mr. Stone: I guess that m akes sense.
Dental Hygienist: Oral health leads to troublefree teeth. I’ll start o ff by rem oving plaque. Please
lean back and open wide.
Mr. Stone: OK. I hope it's not too bad.
Dental Hygienist: Everybody gets plaque, even if
they floss regularly. T h a t’s why it’s im portant to com e
in twice a year for check-ups. OK, now that I’ve
finished, please take a d rin k and rinse your m outh.
Mr. Stone: Ah, th a t’s better.
Dental Hygienist: OK, now I'll apply some
fluoride. W hich flavour would you like?
Mr. Stone: Do I have a choice?
Dental Hygienist: Sure, we have m int, orange or
bubble-gum — th a t’s for the kids.
Mr. Stone: I’d like to have the bubble-gum !
Dental Hygienist: Fine. Now, let me give your
teeth a final flossing.
Mr. Stone: W hat type o f floss tape do you
recom m end?
Dental Hygienist: Personally, I like the Hat tape.
It’s easier to get between the teeth.
Mr. Stone: OK, I'll rem em ber that the next lim e
I buy floss. How often should I floss?
Dental Hygienist: Every day! Twice a day if
possible! Som e people like to floss after every meal,
but th a t’s not absolutely necessary.
Mr. Stone: I feel m uch better now. T h an k you.
Dental Hygienist: My pleasure. Have a pleasant
day, and rem em ber to floss every day — at least once
a day!
xiv. w r i t i n g
O-j Choose a topic from the list and w rite an article to one of h ealth -related magazines “Health and
Balance”.
Managing lifestyle diseases
Lifestyle diseases affect many people across the country and the world: however, they are easy
to m anage with a few' tips. You can write about:
how to o utsm art diabetes;
how to make healthier food choices;
how to have a good night’s sleep each night.
193
U n it 11. Medicines cure diseases, doctors cure patients
XIII. SPEAKING ■ ■ ■ ■ !
32 Two students are discussing a visit to the dentist.
Student A is having a dental problem and Student
B is trying to persuade him/ her to see the dentist h e / she knows.
STU D EN T A
STU D EN T B
C om plain to Student B about
your difficulty to study because
you have a toothache.
2.
Reply to Student B. Explain why
you are afraid to go lo the dentist.
3.
Ask what dental problem s
Student B had, and if there was
anything serious.
4.
Express concern that it could be
too painful.
5.
Pay a com plim ent to Student B
on how' white h is/ her teeth are.
Ask if h e/ she goes to the same
dentist for regular check-ups.
6.
Express willingness to make an
appointm ent with the dentist
that Student B is recom m ending.
M ention what com plications
you m ight have if you do not go
im mediately.
l.
2.
■ mk dEBM
la
M
Express understanding. Tell
Student A that you had sim ilar
feelings until you once met
a really good dentist that you
have been seeing ever since.
Say that you had one o f your
teeth filled, and another
one extracted. Describe the
procedures in detail.
Tell Student A how the dentist
can dull the pain. M ention
a few options.
T h an k your friend for the
com plim ent and explain what
lips the dentist has given you
concerning dental hygiene.
6.
turn4,MÉ »
~ Z T ' „nf, .-
Show sym pathy. Find out what
the problem is (which tooth is
hurting, how long).
Give lhe dentist's telephone
num ber to Student A. Say you |
are glad that you could help. 4
Show support and express hope
Jie /jjh fi w'ill feel belt
you spe h im / her.
patient
XV. REVISION TRANSLATION
3.
Translate into English.
1.
2.
Чи слід мені йти до л ікар я , я к щ о
у мене ниючий біль у б оку сп рава
або болить горло? М оже бути важ ко
в и р іш и ти , як і симптоми є д о статн ьо
се р й о зн и м и , щ об записатися
на прийом. П о-п ерш е, в аж л и в о
в и зн ач и ти , чи потрібна невідкладна
допомога. Я кщ о вам важ ко д и хати ,
або є біль у грудях, гострий біль
у шлунку, кровотеча, травма голови
або втрата свідомості, н аб и рай те
911 аб о звер тай теся до відділення
невідкладної допомоги у лікарні.
В інш ом у ви п ад ку ви мож ете
зател еф о н у вати ваш ом у терапевту
за порадою і о три м ати д еяк і
рекомендації по телеф ону. О н л а й и са й ти , п р и свя ч ен і здоров'ю , м ож уть
допом огти вам в и зн ач и ти ся з в аш и м и
си м п то м и перед т и м . я к зверн утися
до лікаря; але п а м ’ятай те, щ о багато
нездужань або захворювань, д еяк і
з я к и х легкі, а д еяк і серй озн і,
м аю ть подібні си м п то м и . К ращ е
зател еф о н у й те та запишіться
на прийом до лікаря, щ об він м іг
оглянути вас, зробити аналізи і. я к щ о
н еобхідно, дати направлення до
вузьких спеціалістів.
Превентивна медицина вклю чає заходи
д л я попередження хвороби до того,
як вам д оведеться її лікувати. На
і
ваш е здоров’я в п л и в аю ть зо в н іш н і
ч и н н и к и , ген ети ч н а сх и л ь н ість і
стиль життя. Ви мож ете зап об ігти і
у н и к н у т и серцево-судинних хвороб,
хронічних захворювань органів дихання,
різн и х травм, діабету, раку і певних
інфекційних захворювань. Є багато
методів п о п ер ед ж ен н я хвороби.
Р еком ен дується, щ об доросл і і діти
відвідували свого сімейного лікаря для
регулярних обстежень, н авіть як ш о
вони п очуваю ться зд орови м и , ш об
в и яви ти чинники ризику д л я хвороби,
о б го во р и ти поради д л я здорового і
збалансованого стилю (способу) ж и ття
і св о єч ас н о робити щеплення.
М ені не подобається відвідувати
стоматолога. Але одного разу в мене
в и н и к жахливий (сильний) зубний біль.
Зуб болів всю ніч. М ені довелося
п р и й н я ти болезаспокійливий засіб, щоб
зменшити біль. Т ерпіти було незм ога, том у
я зател еф он ував своєм у стом атологу,
і записався на прийом. К оли я зай ш о в
до кімнати очікування, я побачи в
багато пацієнтів, як і чекали на свою
чергу. Зд авал ося, щ о б іл ьш ість з них
відчуває сильний біль. У д е я к и х навіть
напухли шоки. Н езабаром мене провели
до стом атол огіч н ого крісла. Зазви ч ай
я би біг геть із ж ах л и в о го кабінету зі
стр а ш н и м и борами та шипцями, але я
так не зроб ив. С том атол ог ск азав , що
є каріозна порожнина в зубі, як у треба
запломбувати. Він зробив мені ін’єкцію,
але це було нічого п о р ів н я н о із зубни м
болем. С коро, н а д и во, увесь біль зн ик.
Знеболювальний засіб, без сум ніву, п одіяв
дуж е ш ви дко. П отім він просвердлив
мій зуб і поставив пломбу. Час від часу
він зм у ш у вав мене полоскати рот водою.
Він п ореком ен дував, щ об я регулярно
обстежувався і проходив зубні гігієнічні
процедури кож ні ш ість м ісяців. Я був
щ асл и в и й , що стом атолог не вирвав мені
зуба, і біль пройш ов.
Я кщ о у вас є проблем и із сп и ною
або ш иєю , вам, ймовірно, треба
проконсультуватися з мануальним
терапевтом. Перед консультацією треба
надати базову інф орм ац ію про ваш і
симптоми і фізичний стан. К оли і як
почався біль? Де він л окалізується? Біль
різкий чи тупий? Він періодично проходить
чи є постійним? Вас також п опросять
надати ін ф орм ац ію про ваш сімейний
анамнез, будь-які попередні проблеми зі
здоров’ям або травми, попереднє лікування
або те. т о ви отри м уєте зараз. Всебічне
хіропрактичне обстеження вклю чає загальні
аналізи, такі я к вимірювання тиску, пульсу,
дихання, рефлексів, а також рентгенологічне
обстеження, певні ортопедичні та
неврологічні тести. Все це необхідне для
того, щ об більш точ н іш е діагностувати
ваш стан та призн ачи ти відповідний план
лікування, щ об допом огти вам полегшити
біль.
195
w
i
I
4>
i
w all
M
r
A
■' ^
ALL
SPORTS
FOR ALL
PEOPLE
I 'll !
In v n l.
„
J iL J l
I. LEAD-IN
•J
D iscu ss th e q u e s tio n s .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2
W hat do you think is m ore enjoyable: to attend a live sporting event o r watch the sam e event on
television?
Why do you think som e people are attracted to dangerous sports o r o ther extrem e activities?
If you could m eet a fam ous athlete, who would that be and why?
Do you th in k that physical exercise should be a required part o f every school day? How much
tim e should students spend on it?
Some famous athletes e a rn m illions o f dollars every year. Do you think these people deserve such
high salaries?
Brainstorm in groups and w rite the names of summer and winter sports t!
Summer
Winter
II. VOCABU
A) S t u d y
ds and collocations und use them in t h e a p p r o p r i a t e f
— car
— equipm ent
— days
— venue
— coverage
— com m entator
sports
— c e n tre / club
— g ro u n d / field
— channel
— event
— facilities
--- onnrtu
activity
sporting
te th e s e n te n c e s
I
m
sportsm an
sportswom an
sportsperson
sport swriter
U n it 12. All sports for all people
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
T he college offers a wide range o f _________________such as track and field, sw im m ing, tennis
and others.
At one tim e, for exam ple, she was reported to have been racing around M elbourne in a brand
new p i n k _________________.
T he hotel has four restaurants, a bar and a disco, as well as an impressive range
o f _________________.
Expert advice from a local gym o r ________________ can be very helpful when you are starting
with weights.
are events staged by m any schools and offices in which people lake part in
com petitive sporting activities, often with the aim o f w inning trophies or prizes.
The Italian G rand Prix is one o f the g r e a t_________________o f the year.
Redgrave has already won two gold m edals an d will becom e B ritain’s most successful current
O ly m p ic _________________if he w ins his third.
G reece as a m otherland o f O lym pic G am es has a g r e a t ________________ .
You can b u y ________________ at m o s t_________________ stores and the styles are limitless.
must take care not to show bias for any team in t h e i r _________________ .
T he trophy is presented annually to the most prom ising y o u n g ________________ who receives
train in g at M eadowbank.
B) Translate into English.
с п о р т и в н и й клуб
сп о р ти в н а п л о щ ад ка
м ісце п р о вед ен н я сп о р ти вн о ї полії
зірка спорту
сп о р ти вн а ком анда
в б о л ів ал ьн и к
с п о р т и в н и й ком ен татор
C) Using the words and collocations speak about:
the
the
the
the
the
sporls events you watched o r attended;
sports achievem ents you heard or read about;
athletes you adm ire;
sports club you joined;
sporting trad itions o f your university.
For example:
T his is the best gym in the city. 1 switched to it
from the A rena sports club a few m onths ago. A lthough
the A rena has a lot more locations and is more
convenient to where I live, the crowds and the long time
for equipm ent to get fixed were frustrating. I don't th in k
that the A rena is bad; 1 was looking for som ething else.
The Viva sports club is really clean and there is never
a wail for equipm ent. It’s a lot bigger, plus there is a pool.
T here is also a sauna and a steam room which are both
clean. T he services are nice and the trainers are great
i f y o u 'r e tra in in g for tri’s, 1 recom m end trying to get in
with Alex. G reat guy and the train in g yields results.
с п о р ти в н и й к а н а л
сп о р ти в н а с т о р ін к а (в газеті)
с п о р ти в н а травм а
сп о р ти вн е зн ар я д ж е н н я
сп о р ти вн а су м ка
с п о р ти в н и й репортаж
U n it 12. All sports foi all people
A
A) Study the words in the table and group them under the categories. Some words may go under
several categories.
• IN D O O R :
• OUTDOOR:
• IN D IV ID U A L :
• TEAM :
• SPORTS:
• G A M ES:
• M A R TIA L ARTS:
• FIE L D :
• WATER:
go-kart racing
golf
gym nastics
high (long) jum p
hockey (ice)
ice skating
judo
karate
kayaking
m arathon
m ountaineering
pole vault
polo
riding
rock clim bing
rowing
aérobics
aikido
angling
archery
badm inton
baseball
biathlon
bowling
boxing
chess
cricket
cycling
d ra u g h ts/ checkers
fencing
figure skating
fo otball/ soccer
BOARD GAM ES:
rugby
sam bo
scuba diving
skiing
skydiving
snooker/ billiards
softball
squash
synchronized
sw im m ing
taekw ondo
triathlon
water polo
weightlifting
wrestling
wushu
8) Label the pictures on page 199.
0
A) M ake collocations.
badm inton, golf, aerobics, sw im m ing, yoga, cycling, billiards, m ountaineering, skateboarding, skiing,
gym nastics, judo, bowls, chess, karate, the long jum p, the pole vault, wrestling
aerobics
to play
to go
to do
chess
sw im m ing
N O TE: You can do a sport or play sports.
go to aerobics, judo, etc (to your aerobics class, etc)
play against smb
play for a team
B) Translate into English.
грати (ви ступ ати ) за волей больну
ко м ан ду
зай м ати ся уш у
ходити на зан я т т я з йоги
грати в хоккей проти...
зай м ати ся велоспортом
зай м ати ся важ кою атлетикою
грати в б іл ьярд
зай м ати ся ри бальством
зай м ати ся верховою їздою
зай м ати ся стр и б к ам и з ж ерди н ою
зай м ати ся л егкою атлетикою
грати в ш аш ки
почати зай м ати ся ф ех ту в а н н ям
зай м а ти с я ф ех ту в а н н ям
ходити на за н я т т я (тр ен у в ан н я)
з ф ех ту в ан н я
к атати ся на скей тборді
C) Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
W hich o f the g am es/ sports do you d o / play?
W hich o f them are you good a t/ keen o n / interested in?
W hich is the m o st/ least popular in our country?
198
661.
ШШЯтвШД
IIV ' Z I
}>ил
Utuft
III. READING
Answer the questions.
1.
If no,
a) Would you like to learn to skate?
b) W ho would you like to teach you how
to skate (e.g. your friend, your parents, or
an instructor)? Explain your choice.
C an you skate?
If yes,
a) W hen and where did you learn to skate?
How old were you?
b) W ho taught you how to skate?
c) How long did it take you to learn
to skate?
d) W here did you skate?
Do you th in k skating is a good sport
to take up? W hy? W hy not?
Read the te x t and choose the correct answer.
On Skating
(by Cornelia Otis Skinner)
20
25
30
It is my cross in life to be completely unathletic.
At college I was a mem ber o f the seventh hockey
team . Hockey was compulsory; there were only
seven team s and the seventh rarely met, because
there was no one bad enough to meet them.
The instructor who taught us fencing, after
the first lesson, advised me to take up folk
dancing, and the night after I got over the horse
in gym, my class gave me a dinner. True, at
school I was at ihe head of an awkward squad
that had to do deep-breathing exercises, but
after a month a new athletic teacher decided we
weren’t worth the trouble I ought to realize that
it is a fruitless quest, but now and again the urge
re-awakens and I embrace some new sport with
desperate ambition, wondering if perhaps I ’m not
suffering from rickets. However, there seems to be
nothing wrong with me physically. My heart is the
kind doctors call in other doctors to listen to; my
blood pressure is doing
whatever
a
blood
pressure should.
Elise listened to
me w ith com passion.
She
had
been
eatin g too well, was
losing the bouncing
quality and felt that
som ething should be
done about it.
It was a cold day
and we were walking
in the Park. The long
200
clean hiss o f skates cutting new ice rose from
the pond. It sounded fresh and wholesom e
above the roar and rum ble o f the G reat City.
A handful o f people was gliding about the white
surface below us.
"D o you know how to skate?” asked Elise.
“ Do you know how to walk a tight rope?'’
I replied. We adm itted neither o f us knew
how to do either but would like to learn and
o f the two pastim es skating seemed the m ore
practical.
“ It seem s a lot to learn for so short a season."
I ventured.
A fter tw enty-four hours I tim idly entered the
chilly building.
An orchestra was playing the “ Blue D anube,’’
some two dozen couples were tw irling swiftly
and gracefully about a vast arena. Silent pairs
glided around the outer edge, a wild youth was
racing past them . My
heart was pounding
with
what
I
told
m yself was
delight.
“ W hat a sport! W hat
a sport!" I thought.
I was standing near
the instructors.
Elise arrived. She
was going to a wedding
later and was wearing
a chiffon-velvet dress,
a broadtail coat and
w hite kid gloves.
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
U n it 12.
T h e young lady in the d ressin g room was
co lo red an d bored w ith life. She asked us
resen tfu lly w hat size sk ates we w ore. (She
’i) m ight as well have asked w hat size d iving belt
l re q u ire d .) G la n c in g s c o rn fu lly at my foot
she ca lle d , “ M arie! Send up a large pair!"
A fter a bit she re tu rn e d w ith two objects of
torture. H aving th ru s te d my feet in to the
"5 b o o ts she laced them so tightly I was about
to scream .
“ How do your new shoes h urt?” croaked
Elise.
“ Very well, th an k you.” I replied. “ I suppose
8fl we'd better go on in.”
A nd I sprang courageously to my feet,
which tu rn ed out not to be where they usually
were — a surprise that precipitated me back onto
the bench.
85
w
95
ioo
to?
MO
iiS
“A w e ll-e q u ip p e d place like this ought to
have wheel c h a irs,” I said savagely.
“ Hold the w all,” cam e the tired voice o f
the young lady.
"H ow can you hold a wall!” snarled Elise.
She had risen and was swaying like a sailor in
a gale.
" I f worse com es to worst we can always
crawl,” I said and w ondered what one did in
case o f fire.
L urching, clutching at benches and one
another, we m anaged to progress down the
passageway with the grace o f trained bears and
emerge near the group o f instructors in Lincoln
green.
*'l hate to b o th er you." I m urm ured.
“ It’s a pleasure,” replied my in stru cto r and
steered me toward the ice. Here he paused,
crossed my arm s and, after doing the same
with his own, seized my hands in a vise-like
grip. For a few m om ents things looked very bad
indeed and the instructor and l looked even
worse. We bent violently to one side, then to the
other, then bowed forward several times. Now
I was ahead o f my partner, now behind him ;
the next second found me wrapped about him like
a d ru n k ard about a lam p-post. He m eantim e
was m ain tain in g his equilibrium an d m urm uring
“ Steady! Steady!” I was progressing on the side
of my shoe.
We had traversed the length o f the room and
were pausing for breath.
“C o m e o n . ” said my c o a c h a n d we sta rte d
th e second lap. T h is was as s p e c ta c u la r as th e
first. S o m e th in g s e e m e d to be p u llin g my feet
forward a n d my head b ackw ard a n d a m irr o r
showed m e the u n f o r tu n a te im age o f m yself
executing. O n c e m o re we p aused for breath.
In the interval I c a u g h t sight o f Elise. She was
b e n d in g forw ard a n d was w alking , lifting h e r
foot a g o o d six in ch es with every step. I called
to her in w hat I co nsidered a c h e e ry ton e but
she gave me in reply only a dirty look.
“ Shall we try a g a in ? ” th e c o a c h was saying,
a n d on c e m o re we lurched forth. T h is tim e
I m a n a g e d to steer a stra ighte r course. “ You'll
do all rig ht,” he said n o t u nkindly.
“O h . d o you th in k so ? ” I sim pered .
F ire d w ith a m b it io n I s ta r te d a g a in . By
now b o th o f my feet h ad g o n e to sleep, a n d
th e calves o f my legs were o n ly h a l f aw ake.
I w as q u ite n u m b all ov er a n d c h e e r e d m y self
w ith th e th o u g h t th a t n o fall c o u ld be m o re
p a i n f u l th a n th e p re se n t s ta te o f my p e rs o n .
With the courage of despair I set forth at a
swifter pace.
Fa ste r a n d faster we flew in a m o v e m e n t
th a t m ust be difficult for even the m ost expert.
I w as aw are o f people s to p p in g to w atch , o f
flying bits o f ice. o f E lise’s h o rrifie d face.
T h e n , in p e rfe c t u n is o n , we s tru c k the s u rfa c e
a n d la n d e d , facing e a c h other. F ir m h a n d s
seized a n d lifted m e o n t o that c o m p le te ly
u n c o n tro lla b le p a rt o f my a n a to m y , my feet,
a n d s o m e b o d y said “ T h e r e you are!" as if
I d i d n ’t know. U n f o r tu n a te ly n o b o n e s were
b ro k e n , so I h a d to c o n tin u e my lesson; but
Elise, w h o h a d witnessed my tumbling act,
su d d e n ly r e m e m b e r e d she had a da le , waved a
m itte n at m e a n d d e p a r te d .
The
re m a in d e r
of
th e
tim e
passed
uneventfully en o u g h . A fte r h a lf a n h o u r that
se e m e d in te rm in a b le , th e c o a c h expressed the
o p in io n that I had d o n e e n o u g h for the day.
I was only to o relieved to be shoved to th e edge
a n d dep osited o n the w o o d e n runway. T h e n c e
I was m a d e my way to the d re ssin g -ro o m .
Elise a n d I have lately discussed ta k in g up
so m e sport th a t d o e s n ’t hurt so, to re-establish
o u r self-co nfiden ce; a n d , the season being
w inter, a n d the m o n th for such th in g s being no
n e a re r th a n J u n e , we are co n s id e rin g c a noein g.
201
120
125
I30
I35
MO
U5
t50
I55
I60
I65
— U n it 12. All sports for all p e o p le ----------------------------------------------------1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
The main character was not good at sport because she
a) often got ill.
b) d id n 't follow her train ers’ advice.
c) was totally unfit.
The main character’s friend Elise wanted to take up a sports activity because she
a) wanted to lose weight.
b) w anted to win a com petition.
c) was a passionate athlete.
The young lady in the dressing room was
a) helpful.
b) annoyed.
c) friendly.
Wearing her skates and heading to the skating arena Elise
a) was walking with confidence.
b) could barely walk straight.
c) was very excited.
Teaching the author how to skate the instructor was
a) holding the g irl’s hands tightly.
b) not holding her hands at all.
c) holding her hands gently.
Starting the second lap on the skating arena the girl
a) was m aking a lot o f progress in skating.
b) was trying new moves on the ice.
c) seem ed still hopeless on the ice.
At the next attempt to progress in skating the girl and her instructor
a) fell down on the ice together.
b) continued gliding on the ice in com plete accordance.
c) successfully com pleted a difficult pirouette.
g
Look through the text again and find the words that denote a sport or a recreational activity. Give
their definitions.
g
Explain in your own words what the phrases in bold mean. Which of them do you find humorous?
Find more examples of the author’s humour in the text.
10
M atch the verbs of motion with their definitions. Use them in sentences of your own.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
to race
to glide a b o u t/ around
1 0 sway
to lurch
to crawl
to twirl ro u n d / around
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
7)
8)
to spring
to progress
g)
h)
9)
to steer
i)
j)
10)
202
to traverse
to move sm oothly and quietly, as if without effort
to move across, over, o r through som ething
to tu rn around and around
to move very quickly
to move slowly from one side to another
to move along on your hands and knees with your body
close to the ground
to move forward slowly
to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction,
especially by jum ping
to walk or move suddenly in an uncontrolled or unsteady way
to move controlling the direction o f the m otion
U n it 12. All sports foi all people
IV. VOCABULARY
a piste
an alley
a gym
a rink
a ring
a course
a pitch
a track
a court
4 -I Study the words in the box and say what kinds of sport can be practiced in these places?
E.g. A pitch is an area painted with lines for playing particular sports, especially football, hockey and
cricket.
Sports equipment
an arrow
a bow
a glove
a shuttlecock
a
a
a
a
target
shin guard
mask
bat
a
a
a
a
racket
club
puck
rapier
•
a ball
a stick
an oar
goggles
12 Study the words in the box and say in what sports people use this equipm ent and how.
You need... to play...
You can’t do without... if you want to...
...is a must in...
E.g. a) Playing hockey a goalkeeper should wear a m ask to protect his face from injuries,
b) You need a racquet and a shuttlecock to play badm inton.
V. LISTENING
13 Listen to the story of Jesse Owen’s life and
write down what happened at each of these
times:
14 A) Listen to the story again and write down the
jobs that Jesse Owen had throughout his life.
1 9 1 3 __________________
1922 Jesse Owen and his fam ily
moved to Cleveland
B) Tick the personal qualities which characterize
Jesse Owen according to the text.
1926
honesty
shyness
courage
punctuality
purposefulness
patriotism
1935
1935
1936
1976
1979
1980
15 Speak about Jesse O wen’s life
in sport.
and his career
U n it 12. All sports for all people
VI. READING
16
Do you know the man in the pictures? W hat do you know about him? Read the text to find out more
about this famous sportsman.
Michael Jordan: A Global Icon
M id-jum p, M ichael Jordan appears as
though he can actually take flight. From
his famous basket shots th a t earned him the
nicknam e 'A ir' Jordan, to the m illions o f fans
who em ulate him . M ichael Jordan transcended
the sport of basketball to become one of the 20th
century's greatest global icons.
T he
forces
th at
shaped
M ichael’s
extraordinary talent began at an early age. He
was born into a m iddle-class black family. His
father was an arm y officer and M ichael learned
to abide by his parents' rules. His father and
m other taught their children to work hard
and not waste their talent. Michael’s parents
continually raised their expectations for their
children, letting them know th at more was
expected from them .
M ichael's relationship with his older brother,
Larry Jordan, was a key force in his early years.
20
Larry had the same strength, athletic ability
and am bition as M ichael, but Larry didn't have
the build to excel in sports. M ichael com peted
ferociously to win against his older brother.
L arry’s dom ination over his younger brother
25 pushed M ichael’s determ ination to catch up
and win — and finally, one day he did. Though
Michael had gone far beyond Larry as an
athlete, he never let it affect his feelings for his
brother — his em otional connection and his
30 respect lor his brother were very strong.
M ichael displayed the first signs o f his
athletic ability in baseball. Although basketball
attracted him from an early age, his small
stature m ade the sport seem like a distant
dream . He was reportedly frustrated about his
height and started hanging from a chin-up bar to
stretch his body.
T he worst day o f M ichael’s young life occurred
when he found out he hadn’t made the cut for
his high school basketball team — although he
was a good player and quick, he was still too
short. But M ichael didn't give up. Finally, in his
late high school years, M ichael began to grow —
m uch taller th a n anyone else in his family (and
m ost people in general). He began to excel at
basketball.
M ichael went to college in N orth C arolina,
played for the college team for three seasons and
was nam ed College Player o f the Year in 1984.
In his ju n io r year. M ichael declared that he was
eligible for the NBA draft. Before he went on to
the NBA, lie went to Los Angeles where he was
c o -cap tain and star o f the gold-m edal-w inning
U.S. Olym pic basketball team in 1984.
A fter the O lym pic win. M ichael was chosen to
play for the C hicago Bulls and it helped launch
M ichael into stardom . M ichael could have
35
40
45
50
55
U n it 12. All sports for all people —
60
65
?o
*5
so
85
played equally well in either place, but his rise
to stardom would not have been as swift as it
was in C hicago. M ichael led the Bulls to three
World C ham pionships before he announced his
first retirem ent.
M ichael's life o ff the courts had been going
well — he m arried Ju an ita and they had three
children. But thin gs began to fall apart when his
father was m urdered while driving hom e from
a friend's funeral. The grief o f his father’s death
left M ichael with little m otivation. Tired o f
the intense scrutiny, M ichael left the NBA in
I993 to play professional baseball.
T he world applauded when M ichael returned
to the NBA in M arch I995. It was tim e for a
com eback. A lthough his first season was shaky,
even his critics had to adm it M ichael’s talent
shone through. He had been away from the gam e
for 18 m onths. A fter that first season. M ichael
knew he was going to have to work extra hard
to get back into his previous basketball shape.
His coach says M ichael never took his talent for
granted. He put in gym time in the off-season,
shooting hundreds o f shots each day. He
studied his opponents, learned their moves and
dedicated h im self to m astering the techniques
necessary to stop them . He had also rekindled
the fire that drove him on court. He guided
17 Find
in the text the words and phrases that
mean the same.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
to try to be like som eone you adm ire;
to becom e good at sports;
a basketball p la y e r’s private life;
to accept and obey the rules;
to help smb to becom e a famous player;
to accept sm th as true, without any proof
or doubts;
not to practice active sports, not to play
professionally;
to be physically strong, fit, and good
at sport(s).
18 Explain in your own words what the
in bold mean.
phrases
C hicago to the best regular-season record in
NBA history. He was nam ed the league’s Most
Valuable Player for the 4th tim e and brought
the team to their 4lh World C ham pionship in
six years. M ichael was rewarded with the largest 90
one-year contract in the history o f professional
sports. He had becom e one o f the m ost high
profile celebrities on the planet.
Nike, C oca-C ola and M cD onalds courted
M ichael for lucrative product advertisem ents. 95
He was even approached by A ir Jordan,
the national airline o f the country o f Jordan,
to appear in a com m ercial for the airline.
A lthough he turned hundreds o f deals down,
he did follow fellow NBA superstar Shaquille 100
O ’Neal to the silver screen. They appeared
together in several Nike com m ercials and the
W arner Brothers carto o n com edy Space Jam .
T he popularity o f sports celebrities in the media
and ihe m arketing genius o f com panies like 105
Nike transform ed M ichael into a myth.
O n January 13, 1999 M ichael announced his
final retirem ent from basketball. His legacy is
that he showed that true greatness com es from
w ithin. He was aware o f his success, but he no
never stopped trying to be better. As superstar
M agic Johnson said. “T here’s M ichael, then
th ere’s all the rest o f us.”
19
Insert prepositions where necessary.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
T his coach failed to lead his team ...
an o th er cham pionship.
He has not been expected to excel ...
football.
The teacher expected quite a lot ... her.
N obody believed that she would retire ...
biathlon so soon.
Is it true that she com peted ... the best
athletes in Europe?
His injury affected ... his perform ance
in the m atch.
He turned ... the proposal to join the rival
team even though they prom ised to pay
him a better salary.
T he new athlete did not only catch up ...
them but also went far ... other m em bers
of the team .
20 W hat is M ichael Jordan referred to as in the article? Why? Give your reasons.
2 1 According to the article, whose example and in what area did M ichael Jordan follow?
205
U n it 12. All sports for all people
v ii. sp e a k in g
22 Have you ever heard about any siblings known as sports celebrities? Surely, our Ukrainian sportsmen
Vitaliy and Vladimir Klitchko are among them . Speak about their lives and achievem ents. Try and
com pare their story with that of Larry and M ichael Jordan’s. W hat is common and w hat is different?
Speak about:
th eir childhood;
studies;
victories and titles;
their personal lives.
VIII. READING
23 A) Think of five sports
that, in your opinion, are dangerous. Make a list of them beginning with the
most dangerous one.
1.
2.
3.
(m ost d a n g e ro u s)_____________________
4.
5.
_____________________
_____________________
B) Is boxing among the dangerous sports you have mentioned? Why or why not?
24 Read the text and find 5 facts the
author provides to prove that boxing has becom e popular again
in schools and clubs in the UK.
Off the ropes, and back into the ring — boxing makes unlikely comeback
in schools and clubs
A decade ago there were calls for the sport
It gives them self-esteem , it helps them get rid
to be banned on safety grounds. Now even its j o f aggression, yet at the sam e tim e is a highly
harshest critics have been won over. Boxing is disciplined sport. We know it can be a way
m aking a com eback, with tens o f thousands o f getting kids away from gangs and carrying
of people boxing in schools and gym s across knives," added Jowell.
30
the country cach week. The num ber o f people
A ccording to the latest national school
registered with am ateur clubs in England has sport survey, boxing is now available in 34%
nearly tripled since 2005.'
of secondary schools in England. T h e sam e
T he m im bei o f schodB te a c h in g boxing survey showed that !>'*■ of prim ary and 269c o f
!» has ju m p e d from
in 20Q5 to | Ж ш 21)09.
secondary schoqjjs lithe a formal link with an и
Politicians a n d e d u r a iio n e x p a t s .who once- said am ateur boxing club.
b o x in g Was to o violent are n6^; ^ i n j | U i e spori
“ it has becom e-so popular in schools, quite
simply, because it works.” said Rebecca G ibson, !
ag>. I ihought. lx>Yiny
head o f development at the A m ateur Boxing ■
40
Association of England.
dangm iius to be a ntainstrea
Jowell, th e Olympics, m inister 'T h e British 1 " ‘“It has lijtd an impact on everything here from
Medical Ass<*ciiilion at tlutt lim e often called behaviour u n d attendance to pupils doing well
for bbxing lo be banned.’’ i
in lessons," said Gregg M o rris o n , of the Harris
Bui siv said b o x in g s safety record had got academy m\N% iton, south I oiv
: “ It h a s m .
20 m uch 6ctw r and it -•
I help pupils.
a!
In the. one o f tile be.-,! thlings we have d<
411
: •
г и ' ч ulariy suece: il "
Royal Society lot the Preyemiifti rif Accident >
On iu. list of the most dangeiuus sporis,. .belliml •witliinehavbjP'al or self-esteem
l:0 »|r<)i|l»^l)anaiati boxing
m lkrW adi ug, gym nasties and horse-ruling.
,(!n my own area, it's probably the num ber Akay, said, “ It is really am
am
one sport that young people want rb do.
com e and box. We have 50
nplta
'Ж
—--------------------------------------------------- U n it 12. All sports for all people —
300 people who conic here each week and there
are queues o f boys and girls each night waiting
for a ch an ce lo jo in in. I have known for years
what boxing can offer people and it seem s others
55 are now beg in n in g to understand that too."
W om en’s boxing, which was included in
the London Olympics lor the first tim e
in 2012. is one o f the sport’s biggest growth areas,
According to Sport England’s Active People
60 survey. 37.000 women now box. The num ber
25
o f registered female boxers in the UK has risen
from 50 in 2005 to more than 642 in 2009.
In the past year the biggest increase in boxers had
been am ong girls aged between 11 and 17.
"G irls want more choices and boxing is 65
becom ing interesting,” G ibson said. “They want
som ething different and that is what boxing
offers. M any wom en find it an em pow ering
activity.’’
(F rom The Guardian) ?n
U s e t h e w o r d s o r p h r a s e s f r o m t h e a r t i c l e t o fill in t h e g a p s in t h e s e n t e n c e s . T h e r e f e r e n c e t o t h e
p a r a g r a p h t h e y a r e u s e d in will h e l p y o u .
1.
W hen som eone or som ething becom es successful o r popular again, it m akes a _______________ .
(paragraph 1)
2. An adjective relating to an activity that is done for pleasure and not as a job; the opposite of
professional i s ________________ . (paragraph 1)
3. S om ething th at i s ________________ is considered norm al, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc.
that are accepted by most people, (paragraph 3)
4. W hen we say that som ething i s ________________ . we m ean that people are officially forbidden
to do it. (paragraph 3)
5. T he inform ation about how safe som ething has been is c a lle d ________________ . (paragraph 4)
6. The belief and confidence in your own ability and value is c a lle d ________________. (paragraph 5)
7. Hostile or violent behavior; readiness to attack or confront smb i s ________________. (paragraph 5)
8. Som eone who i s ________________is well-organized and follows rules or standards, (paragraph 5)
9.
is another word for an effect or an influence, (paragraph S)
10. S om ething that i s ________________ m akes you feel very strong and more confident.
(paragraph 11)
26 M a t c h
th e h a lv e s of th e s e n te n c e s .
1.
Boxing is m uch more
a.
away from gangs and carrying knives.
2.
Politicians and teachers no longer
b.
wom en a feeling o f power.
3.
T he Royal Society for the Prevention
o f A ccidents says that
c.
effect on behaviour and academ ic perform ance.
4.
Boxing can get kids
d.
popular than it was four years ago.
5.
Boxing is now available
e.
event at the 2012 London Olympics.
6.
Boxing has had a positive
f.
th in k the sport is too violent.
7.
Boxing teaches young people
g-
in 34% o f secondary schools in England.
8.
W om en's boxing was an official
h.
boxing is less dangerous than rollerblading.
gym nastics and horse-riding.
9.
T he num ber o f wom en am ateur boxers
i.
self-esteem and discipline.
10.
Boxing gives many
j.
has increased dram atically in the past four or five
years.
207
U n it 12. All sports for all people
IX. LISTENING
L i s t e n t o t h e r e s p o n s e t o t h e a r t i c l e b y P e t e r M c C a b e p u b l i s h e d in The G uardian f i v e d a y s l a t e r .
N o t e d o w n t h e s p e a k e r ’s a r g u m e n t s a g a i n s t b o x i n g .
X. WRITING
C h o o s e t h e s t a t e m e n t you m o s t a g r e e w ith a n d w rite an a r g u m e n ta t iv e e s s a y .
Boxing is violent and dangerous and should be banned.
Boxing teaches discipline and is good for self-esteem .
Boxing is an exciting sport for both men and wom en.
You can make use of the comments published in response to both articles on the Internet.
I agree with this, and not from a nanny state angle, more from a moral and ethical angle. If 2 people
want to batter themselves, fine, but the state doesn’t need to fund it. Tax money lor boxing? We'll be
paying people to kill people next.
W hy this ridiculous need to control people, like an overbearing parent? Are you going to ban
cars? Bicycles? These cause a lot o f brain injuries as well. W hat about football injuries? Jogging
is harsh on the knees as well. Never m ind the dam age done by alcohol and cigarettes. You can't
wrap everyone in cotton wool.
T he m ajor difference between blood sports (fox hunting, dog fighting, etc.) and boxing is that
anim als are incapable o f deciding w hether or not to participate. H um ans can.
And what about rugby? I’ve been involved with both sports, and w itnessed a great deal more
'thuggery,' and head injuries, in rugby than I did in boxing. At least in th e latter the com batants
wear gloves and can 't use their feet and heads to m aim opponents.
Absolutely true, it is barbaric. But after I learned to box the bullies left my brain alone. W hat
to do, eh?
My grandad was a boxer. A cabbage brain by 40. I would like to th in k we have evolved. M artial
‘a rts’ should be banned full stop! It is only a further step in the civilisation o f m ankind, since
the eye-gouging o f ancient G reek w restling and Rom an gladiatorial fights are both a thing
o f the past, and rightly so. The world is all the better for it.
Well... get everyone to box, in that case. O nce everyone is suffering from P arkinson’s, peace will
descend upon the world.
Boxing prom otes discipline, control, athleticism and confidence — it can tu rn tear-aw ays into
honest hard working young adults.
As far as m ost boxers are concerned, they have not got a single brain cell to lose in the first
place. F unding should rather be directed to make com m on people’s living conditions better and
improve their chance to com pete successfully in a non-violent way.
I th in k that absolutely every sport or other active pastim e should be banned forthw ith — either
you could be injured or som eone som ewhere w on't like it. In the interests o f public health,
I m ight be w illing to m ake an exception for gentle walking on entirely flat surfaces covered in
rubber m atting, on the condition that there are no obstacles on which walkers could stub a toe,
and team s o f param edics are on hand in case o f any nasty tum bles, which could result in a grazed
knee.
----------------------------------------------------- U n it 12 . All sports for all people —
XI. SPEAKING
29 S t u d e n t A h a s
r e c e n t l y jo i n e d a s p o r t s c lu b a n d is tr y in g to c o n v i n c e S t u d e n t B t o join h im / h e r.
STUDENT A
1.
Tell Student B that you have
joined a sports club. Explain
why you don't like going there
alone.
ST U D E N T B
Show interest and add why
you think it is a good idea.
Ask Student A whal sport
h e / she has ta k e n up.
Say that you want to lake up
squash. Suggest th ai you could
>e what
do it together,
aches.
i he cjub offers (t
facilities and eq u
Show
B ^ j p l p e e i n E i your
Sugges? som e o th er ream sports
available at the club. Add what
personal and physical qualities
these sporis help develop.
r excitem ent and
Sho
choose a sport you like. Ask
a few questions to gel more
inform ation about the fees,
discounts and m em bership
term s.
Speak aboul ihe m em bership
benefits (unlim ited access to all
facilities, annual subscription
fee discounts, guest passes etc.)
Tell h im / her how much it costs
vou.
D escribe the indoor and
o utdoor sw im m ing pools and
explain the entry requirem ents
and safety guidelines for using
them.
6.
Say on what days you usually go
to the club but m ention you can
change the days and tim e
if S tudent B c a n t make it.
en tlu C
you a ré
in that pa
rt, "P
Say that you find the fees
affordable. Ask for m ore
inform ation about the
sw im m ing pool.
5.
Express eagerness to go to
the sw im m ing pool at ihe
weekend. F ind out on what
days you can join Student A
to play the team sport you
have agreed on.
6.
You can m ake it on the sam e
days but you would prefer
a later tim e. Suggest m eeting
at the club next week. T h an k
your friend for the great
idea.
—
U n it 12. All sports for all p e o p le ----------
XII. REVISION TRANSLATION
30 Translate into English.
І.
2.
3.
4.
Наш у н ів ер си тет сл ав и ться великою
к іл ь к істю спортивних споруд, тому, як ш о
ви д у м аєте про те, щ об організувати
спортивну команду або п р о сто пограти
з д р у зям и , ми мож емо зап р о п о н у в ати
(
в и со ко як існ і сп о р ти вн і споруди з новим
спортивним обладнанням за д о сту п н и м и
ц ін ам и .
Н адати м о ж ли вість яком ога б ільш ій
к іл ь к о ст і д ітей зайнятися гімнастикою
в ш колах, центрах відпочинку та
гімнастичних клубах стане ч асти н ою
н ац іо н ал ь н о ї програм и .
Я кщ о ти захоплюєшся спортом і вмієш
чудово с п іл к у в ати ся , тоді ти м ож ли во
захочеш стати спортивним коментатором.
С п о р ти в н і ком ен татори сп о в іщ аю ть
п ро спортивні події у тел евізій н и х і
р а д іо т р а н с л я ц ія х , о п и су ю ть те. що
відбувається, і висловлю ю ть власн и й
погляд на гру. Спортивний репортаж
ч асто буває е м о ц ій н и м , але має
зал и ш а ти с я о б ’є к ти в н и м .
і
Бадмінтон — вид спорту з ракетками.
в яком у беруть участь д ва гравця
(одиночний розряд) або дві пари (парний
розряд), які розм іш ую ться на двох
п р о ти л еж н и х половинах п рям окутн ого
майданчика, щ о розділено сіткою.
Гравці зар о б л яю ть о ч к и , гак вдаряю чи
ракеткою по волану, щ об він перелетів
через сітку і торкн увся зем лі на половині
коргу суп ер н и ків. Б ад м ін тон — так и й
же змагальний і в и сн аж л и ви й вид
спорту, я к і інш і. Гравці у б ад м ін тон
знаходяться у такій самій, а може навіть і
в кращій спортивній формі, я к і тенісисти, і
футболісти або будь-які інш і спортсмени і ’
спортсменки. Б ад м ін тон — це гра,
в як ій дем он струю ть ш ви дкість,
стій кість, сп ри тн ість, силу і делікатн і
рухи. Це також гра стратегій, так ти к
і сили розуму. Ця гра також відома
я к фізичні шахи.
210
Боксерський поєдинок, я к п равило,
ск л ад аєть ся з п евної кіл ькості
т р и х в и л и н н и х раундів — до 12 (р ан іш е
до 15). М іж раун д ам и є х в и л и н н а
перерва, під час я к о ї бійці у відведених
кутках о тр и м у ю ть поради і увагу
від своїх тренерів і ком ан ди . Бій
к о н тр о л ю є рефері, я к и й здійснює
суддівство на ринзі і кон трол ю є
п овед ін ку б ій ц ів , п ри м уш ує їх битися
за правилами і рахує бійням нокаути.
Д ен и с М ін ін — спортсмен з
Д н іп р о п е тр о в сь к а, зав д я к и яком у
молодь з усієї У країн и залучилась
до масового руху під н азвою Street
W orkout. Д енису захотілось щ ось
зм ін и т и в ти п овій ка р ти н і зв и ч ай н о го
двора, де молоді л ю ди і ч асто з н и м и
м ален ькі діти си д я т ь на л ав о ч к ах ,
п а л я ть си гар ети , п 'ю ть п иво, або
ще гірш е — п р и й м а ю ть н ар к о ти к и .
С отн і ти сяч лю дей, я к і сп оч атку
сл ід к у в ал и за р егу л яр н и м и
відеотренуваннями Д ен и са в Ін терн еті,
а п отім і сам і стал и ч асти н ою арм ії
«воркаутерів». довел и , щ о д л я побудови
гарного і мінного тіла не п огрібні
дорогі тренажери і фітнес-клуби.
Д о статн ьо турника, ваги власн ого тіл а
і б а ж а н н я вести здоровий спосіб життя.
SWIFTER,
HIGHER,
STRONGER
I. LEAD-IN
-
A) Do the quiz.
1
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
In which sport can you score a w aza-ari, ippon and
yuko?
W hich sport, though created in Asia, is nam ed after
the country seat o f the D uke o f Beaufort?
W hich athletics discipline was revolutionised by Dick
Fosbury?
W hat colour is the innerm ost zone in an archery
target?
W hat is the difference in paddles between canoeing
and kayaking?
As well as skiing, which other sport takes place
on a piste?
How many players are there in an ice hockey team ?
W hich country invented volleyball?
W hat is the flat rubber disc known as in ice hockey?
In which sport is the Davis C up awarded?
In which Olym pic sport is the w earing o f a beard
prohibited?
W hich country did baseball originate from?
W hat is the m ost valuable piece in a gam e o f chess?
In the W inter Olym pic sport o f curling, what type
o f rock are the curling stones m ade from?
B) Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
W hat countries (cities) that hosted the S um m er and
W inter O lym pics do you know?
W hat Olym pic cham pions do you know?
Did you watch any O lym pics on TV or on-line?
D o you rem em ber any Olym pic events that impressed
you most?
II. VOCABULARY
Say how the following sports are similar to and d ifferen t from each other.
basketball — volleyball
ten n is — table tennis
football — A m erican football
surfing — w indsurfing
high-jum p — pole vault
biathlon — triathlon
speed skating — figure skating
boxing — wrestling
211
—
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
A) Form the nouns that denote people who
do these sports.
golf
cycling
football
archery
boxing
badm inton
snooker
rowing
chess
go-kart racing
wrestling
skydiving
ice skating
gymnastics
judo
draughts/ checkers
sambo
pole vault
mountaineering
riding
skiing
a golfer
a cyclist
a football p layer/ a footballer
B) W hat do you call a person who:
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
drives cars in races?
throw s the d iscu s/jav elin ?
rides horses in races?
plays rugby?
com petes in sports com petitions, especially
ru n n in g , jum ping, and throw ing?
does sumo?
plays curling?
Find the o dd-one-out and explain why it
doesn’t belong to the group.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
m otor-racing — d arts — croquet —
stopw atch;
trophy — cup — helm et — m edal;
judge — fan — referee — um pire;
fitness in stru cto r — coach groundskeeper — spectator;
race — stadium — gym — court;
cham pionship — com petition —
tournam ent — stands.
III. READING
g
Read the text and decide w hether the statem ents are true (T) or false (F).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The G am es were part o f a religious festival.
T he earliest Olym pic athletes com peted in ru n n in g from one end o f the stadium to the other.
At the 14 O lym pic G am es athletes com peted in more than one sporting event.
T he p entathlon initially consisted o f four sporting events.
T he pancration is often described as one o f the bloodiest sports.
W om en were allowed to participate in horse races.
All athletes had to be professionals.
W inners were aw arded crow ns o f sacred laurel branches.
The R om ans cherished the O lym piad tradition o f the Greeks.
The History of the Olympic Games
T he Olym pic G am es originated long ago in
ancient G reece. T he G reeks idealized physical
fitness and m ental discipline, and they believed
that excellence in those areas honored Zeus, the
5 greatest o f all their gods. A ccording to a legend,
Zeus once fought his father, K ronos, for control
o f the world. To h onor Z eu s’s victory a temple
and an im m ense statue were built in the valley
212
which was called Olympia. Soon religious festivals
developed there as people cam e to worship Z eus
and eventually that led to the famed G am es of
the Olympics.
T he earliest recorded O lym pic co m p etitio n
o cc u rre d in 776 B.C. It had only one event,
a single race o f 192 m eters, approxim ately
the length o f the stad iu m , w hich was won by
ifl
15
3
5*
15
a cook n am ed C o roebus. T h is was th e s ta rt
o f the first O lym piad, the four-year period
by w hich the G reek s recorded th e ir history.
A thletic c o m p etitio n becam e so im p o rta n t to
th e G reek s th at they used to stop wars until
th e G a m e s were over before sending fighters
in to battle.
F or the first 13 Olym pic G am es the only
event was a o n e-stade run. But over the years,
new sports were added to the G am es. The
hoplitodrom e was a footrace the athletes ran
w earing full arm or. In the pentathlon, which
was introduced in 708 B.C., the athletes w ho
ju m p ed a certain distance qualified for the
spear throw ing. T he four best then sprinted the
length o f the stadium , the three best then threw
the discus, and the two best then engaged in a
w restling m atch 1 0 the finish. T he pancration
was added in 648 B.C. T his brutal sport had no
rules an d com bined boxing and wrestling.
G enerally, only freeborn m en and boys could
take part in the Olym pic G am es (servants and
slaves were allowed to participate only in the
horse races). W omen were forbidden, on penalty
o f death, even to see the G am es. However, they
could enter equestrian events as the ow ner of
a chariot team or an individual horse and win
that way.
All athletes were required to take an oath that
they would observe all the rules and standards.
In spite o f the luxurious facilities offered to
athletes, all had to rem ain am ateurs. W inners
o f the G am es were crow ned with w reaths o f
olive leaves and hailed as heroes.
A fter Rome conquered G reece in the 100’s
B.C., Olym pic standards began to decline. Later
the Rom an em perors ordered them stopped
and all the tem ples destroyed. N atural disasters
helped finish what ancient G reeks had started.
T he once-great city was eventually buried.
40
45
50
55
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger-
IV. VOCABULARY
the Olym pic G am es
the Sum m er Olym pics/ the W inter Olympics
the Paralym pics
the Olym pic o p e n in g / closing cerem ony
a m ulti-sport event
a m otto
the Olym pic anthem
the Olym pic m ascot
to raise the Olympic flag
■■■■■■
an O lym pic athlete
to qualify for
to be disqualified (for)
doping
to ignite/ to light the Olym pic flam e
to extinguish the Olym pic flam e
an Olym pic torch relay
to carry the Olym pic torch
to get on a podium
Fill in the gaps with words from the box in the correct form.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
T he O ly m p ic ___________ is Cititis, Alrius. Fortius (Faster, Higher, Stronger).
All athletes m u s t_________________________ the Olym pic G am es during international
and national com petitions.
T he Olym pic G am es are a m ajor in te rn a tio n a l________________________ .
W ell-known sportsm en and o ther fam ous people take part in a / a n ________________________
____________on the territory o f their country.
Traditionally during the opening cerem ony the Olym pic f la m e ___________ .
All the people stood up to listen to t h e ________________________ and the n a tio n a l____________
o f the host country.
D uring the 2 0 1 2 ________________________ M ichael Phelps becam e the most
d e c o ra te d ________________________ o f all tim e, w inning his 22nd m edal.
S h e __________________________twice to receive m edals in 200-m etre race and in high-jum p.
T his athlete w a s ________________________ taking drugs. U nfortunately, he is not the first in
the team whose test f o r ____________proved positive.
T he most fam ous athletes and public figures get the rig h t_____________________________________ on
the pole at the m ain stadium .
214
------------------------------------------------ U n it f 3. Swifter, higt let. st i on get
Choose the right answer.
1.
H andover to the nexl host country m eans...
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
In the o pening cerem ony o f the Olym pic G am es...
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
G reece m arches in first.
G reece m arches in last.
the host nation m arches in first.
ihe host nation m arches in second.
The W inter Olym pics and S um m er Olympics...
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
extinguishing the Olym pic flam e by the next host city representative.
igniting the torch in G reece and bringing it to the next host city.
lowering the Olym pic flag and raising the flag o f the next host country.
lowering the Olym pic flag and giving it to the next host country representative.
alternately o cc u r every two years.
take place every four years.
have been held since World W ar I.
were first held in the IV cent. BC.
T h e only city that hosted the S um m er Olympics
three tim es is...
a. Los Angeles
5.
b. Innsbruck
c. Athens
d. London
D uring the Olym pic opening cerem ony the
speech o f the President o f the International Olym pic C om m ittee is pronounced in...
a. th e English, G erm an , Spanish and French languages.
French, English and the dom inant language o f the host city.
c. English and the dom inant language o f the host city.
French, Russian, English and the dom inant language o f the host city.
b.
6.
d.
T he official o pening o f the Olym pic G am es
is declared by the...
a. President o f the O rganizing C om m ittee.
o f the International Olym pic C om m ittee.
c. representative o f the host country governm ent.
President o f the Olym pic C om m ittee
o f the host country.
b. President
d.
7.
T he G am es are declared officially closed by the...
a. President o f the O rganizing C om m ittee.
President o f the International Olympic C om m ittee.
c. representative o f the host country governm ent.
President o f the Olym pic C om m ittee o f the host co
b.
d.
8.
T he Olym pic O ath to com m it to com petition in sport w ithin the rules is taken by the...
a. athletes and coaches.
athletes and judges.
c. coaches and judges.
athletes, coaches and judges.
b.
d.
215
—
0
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stro n g e r ----------------------------------------------------How well do you know the history of the Olympic Games? M atch the sentence halves. There are two
extras.
1.
In 1912 the International Olym pic
C o m m ittee took away Jim T h o rp e’s
m edals
a.
lasted until the IV century A.D.
b.
when A m erican Black athlete Jesse Owens
won four medals.
c.
because he ran for two countries
at the sam e time.
2.
C an ad ian sprinter Ben Johnson was
disqualified
3.
All athletes must prom ise
4.
In the last hundred years the gam es
d.
to give their best and com pete fairly.
5.
The first gam es o f the m odern age
e.
have often been the center o f politics.
6.
In 1936 Berlin Olym piad A dolf H itler’s
idea o f A rian suprem acy backfired
f.
protested against the A m erican
governm ent.
7.
T he ancient O lym pic G am es
g.
took Israeli athletes as hostages.
8.
D uring 1972 Olym pics the terrorists
h.
because he had played baseball
professionally before the Olympics.
9.
Abebe Bikila’s victory in the m arathon
was so special
i.
because he had taken drugs.
j.
were organised by a F renchm an.
k.
because he ran barefoot.
Listen to the text and say whether the statem ents are true (T) or false (F).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
A ccording to the author the Olym pic G am es boast o f rich diversity
o f athletes.
Sport lovers can be disappointed because it takes them several weeks
to recover from the games.
T rying to watch all possible events results in health problems.
The author read the reports on every Olympic published in British newspapers.
T he G am es in Sydney and Barcelona were the favourite ones for British
m edia because the largest num ber o f British fans went to see them .
T he G am es in A tlanta were the least successful for Britain.
The au th o r m entions three G am es spoilt by boycotts.
T he au th o r has good m em ories o f all the S um m er G am es he attended
because he personally met som e top sportsm en there.
U n it 13. Switit'i, higher, stronger
--------------------------------------------
VI. READING
1 0
Match the swimming styles with their descriptions and with the pictures below.
L.
Backstroke
a)
a com bination o f four different sw im m ing styles in one race
2.
Breaststroke
b)
a sw im m ing stroke sw um on the breast, with bo th arm s m oving
sim ultaneously, accom panied by the ‘dolphin kick;’ the newest
sw im m ing style sw um in com petition, first swum in 1933
3.
B utterfly
(or ‘fly ’)
c)
an ancient style o f sw im m ing; the second stroke to be swum
in com petitions after the front crawl
4.
Freestyle
d)
the slowest o f the four official styles in com petitive sw im m ing; by far
the most difficult to do correctly; is som etim es referred to as a ‘frog kick'
because o f the resemblance to the m ovement o f a frog’s hind legs
5.
M edley
e)
the fastest sw im m ing style, most often referred to as ‘the front craw l’
— U n it 13. Swifter , higher, stronger-----------------------------------------------------■j-j Read the interview with M ichael Phelps, the famous US Olympic champion in swimming.
Some of the questions in the interview have been removed. Fill in the gaps ( t —6) with the correct
questions (A—H). There are two extra questions that don’t fit.
A.
W hat was that ‘secret list’ everyone is talking about?
W hy did you stick with sw im m ing and not baseball, lacrosse o r soccer?
C. So why did you start sw im m ing?
D. W hat went wrong in that race?
E. W asn't it also a psychological battle between you and Ian T horpe — the w orld’s best sw im m er for
so long?
F. W hat did your sisters do in th eir free time?
G. Your workouts were so intense, Bowm an, your coach, becam e known as the m ad scientist. W hat
were the toughest workouts?
H. W hat o th er kinds o f sport did you try?
B.
Let’s start at the very beginning, could you tell us a few words about what kind of background you come
from?
I com e from B altim ore, a gritty red-brick but blue-collar city. My father, Fred, a policem an, and my
m other, Debbie, a school teacher, separated when I was seven. My mom still works as principal at a m iddle
school in Baltim ore.
(
0
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I grew up around the pool with my sisters. Both o f my sisters swam. I was always there. So I thought,
why not? My m om put us in the water for w ater safety, so we were com fortable in the w ater in case
any th ing ever happened. I learned that way, and started liking it m ore and more.
When you were learning, were you afraid of the water?
I started on my back because I w ouldn’t put my face in. I really w asn't too keen on it.
I read in an interview that your mom put you in sports because you had too much energy.
Well, I was playing o ther sports and she was pretty m uch just like, “ How do I wear him dow n?” So
I was playing baseball, lacrosse, soccer and sw im m ing all at once. W hen I got hom e I’d be beat.
(2)______________________________________________________________________
At the age o f II my sw im m ing coach told me I could make the Olympic team in four years, so I said
“Okay, I want to make the Olym pic team , so th a t’s what we’re going to do.” And I started train in g for
that. I went five straight years w ithout ever m issing a workout.
Did your plan work? Did you make the Olympic team in four years?
Yes, I was only 15 at the tim e. At the Sydney O lym pics. Ian T horpe, the T horpedo, was unstoppable.
He won three golds while I finished fifth in the 200 m butterfly final. It was a different tim e. T horpe was
incredible while I was ju st proud to have m ade the US team . But I ended up disappointed because l wanted
a medal. It was a learning experience — my first international m eet and my first tim e out o f A m erica.
So, did it encourage you to train even harder?
Definitely. In the winter, at 5.30 am , when l d id n ’t want to get up and train on som e cold and dark
m o rning I'd still make m yself snap on the light and look inside my sw im m ing cap. ‘A thens’ was stitched
on the inside. I'd get up then. I'd grab my bag and head for the pool. I’ve been doing that 365 days year
after year. I can 't rem em ber the last day l d id n 't train. T hanksgiving, C hristm as Day, New Year’s Day.
(3)________________________________________________________
T hat was sw im m ing 10,000 m eters for tim e, which takes about two and a h a lf hours. I just had to swim
as hard as I could for two and a h alf hours. W hen you see them on paper, you're like, "1 c a n ’t do this.”
He m akes us do it so we’re m ore confident and we know th at we can do anything that we put our mind to.
It can sound crazy w hen you realize years were spent swimming lap after lap, thousands o f hours staring
at a black line on the bottom o f a pool.
218
-----------------------------------------------------U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stron g er —
Did payoff come at the 2004 Olympics?
First, there was the world cham pionship in Barcelona. One night was very big. I went into it with
the clear aim o f becom ing the first man to set two world records in two different events on the sam e
night. W hen it happened it was extrem ely exciting. It showed that it's possible to shoot for som ething and
accom plish it — but I was so tired at the end I could hardly clim b out o f the pool. I knew th at A thens was
eoing to be even more physically and m entallv draining.
' (4)_________________________________________________________________________________
In Barcelona I was honoured to have the chance to race against him . H e’s m ainly a freestyle sw im m er
'h ile my stren g th ’s in the butterfly and medley. But he look me on in one o f my events, my favoured
200 m medley. I won that, and in all won one m ore gold than the trio picked up by Ian but in A thens
I was going to do som ething I'd always w anted to do — swim freestyle against T horpe. A nd, yes, in A thens
I won six gold m edals, though we had had seven in o u r secret list.
(5 )
Basically, it’s the list my coach and I put together the year before the Olympics. On it were the tim es
! hoped to achieve in A thens, and then in Beijing. It was my chance to make history. To win eight golds,
I needed to swim 17 tim es in nine days. T here were two races where I did n ’t hit my actual goal tim e o f
what I w anted. T he 100 and 200 fly. It turns out I was o ff by nearly a second in the 200-m eter butterfly.
a hen my goggles filled with water.
(6 )
Well, in the 200-m eter butterfly final, my goggles filled with w ater virtually from the start. They started
filling up m ore and m ore and more. A nd about 75 m eters left in the race, 1 could see nothing. I couldn't
the black line. 1 co u ld n ’t see the T. 1 co u ld n ’t see anything. I was purely going by stroke count. And
I co u ld n 't take my goggles o ff because they were underneath two swim caps. Somehow, 1 not only won my
fourth gold m edal o f the gam es, I also set a world record.
Let’s talk about your prodigious appetite. Does it remain intact? Do you still eat 12,000 calories a day?
No, it’s a m yth. It’s a mere 8,000 to 10,000 calorics when I’m training. Like how much I work out, you
know, I have to always just constantly shovel food in because 1 can lose anyw here from , you know, five
to 10 pounds in a week.
W hat do you tell a kid that is discouraged, hasn't found that passion yet or is struggling in school?
I have had extrem e ups and downs. T he biggest thing I learned after 1 broke my wrist is to never give
up. N o thing in life will ever come easy. It depends on how you deal with those obstacles and how you
o\ercom e those obstacles. If you can overcom e them , you're a stronger person. If you make m istakes along
the way, as long as you never make that sam e m istake again, you’re a successful person.
Match the highlighted phrases in the text
with their synonyms:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
0
g)
h)
i)
to achieve results that are high enough
for jo in in g the national team o f o n e’s
country;
to go in the drection of;
to be extrem ely tire d / exhausted;
to show the best tim e in the world twice;
to be determ ined to do som ething;
to com pete w ith / challenge som eone;
to swim from one end o f the sw im m ing
pool to the o th er non-stop;
to handle difficulties;
to be achieved w ithout much effort.
219
U n it 13. Swiftet. highei strotigei
VII. VOCABULARY ■ ■ ■
13 A) M ake possible collocations.
win
lose
break
hold
beat
defeat
score
end
set
HMIllllllllllllill.
a game
the record
a com petition
a goal
a point
the opponent
in a draw
by 2 goals/points
B) Translate into English.
1.
М и ви гр али зм а г а н н я т іл ь к и
з п еревагою в одне очко.
7.
«Ньюкасл» о тр и м ав п о р азк у від
т о р іш н ьо го чем п іона.
2.
А р к ан зас т о н н о п рограв три гри
п осп іль.
8.
3.
«Д инамо» п р о гр ал о о с т а н н ій матч
«Авангарду» з різн и ц ею в д ва голи.
С тадіон вибухнув ви гук ам и
в б о л ів ал ь н и к ів , коли він забив гол
на о ста н н ій х в и л и н і гри.
9.
За результатам и ж е р еб к у в ан н я А н глія
грає п роти Ф р а н ц ії н асту п н о го
м ісяця.
4.
Він за к р іп и в успіх (clinched a victory),
п о би вш и світовий рекорд у бігу на
довгі д и с т ан ц ії.
10.
М атч за к ін ч и в с я у нічию .
5.
Вона у три м ує світовий рекорд
п р о тяго м о ста н н іх трьох років.
II.
Ф ігу р и ст втрати в три оч ки через
п ад ін н я .
6.
«Л іверпуль» п рограв з рахун ком 2:3.
12.
Б оксер п ерем іг свого су п р о т и в н и к а
н окдаун ом у сьом ом у раунді.
W hat sports are the idioms in the box associated with? Explain th e ir meaning in your own words.
•
•
•
•
•
0
*
•
«
•
220
to
to
to
to
to
paddle o n e’s own canoe
hit the bull's-eye
be left at the gate
win by a neck
throw in the towel
fo win by a nose
to start the ball rolling
to pass the baton
to dive (right) in(to) (som ething)
to be neck and neck
•
•
»
«
«
•
•
•
•
•
to
to
to
to
to
be on the ropes
take the wind out o f sb's sails
test the w ater
set the pace
be saved by the bell
to move f/ie goal posts
lo back the wrong horse
to ju m p the gun
to throw sb in at the deep end
to hit below the belt
15 A) Fill in the gaps with the idioms using the verbs in the correct form .
1.
Jessica saw that all o ther contestants had better skills and more experience and realized that
s h e ___________________.
2.
If you’re in a debate, wait u ntil you’re invited to speak and d o n 't
before you should.
3.
T he top two r u n n e r s __________________ as they crossed the finishing line, so the judges have
called for a photo.
4.
You told o ur clients I was the one who ordered the wrong-size carpet. Now they are going to Tire
me. T h a t’s not fair! Y o u __________________ .
5.
In her first overseas teaching job. Kathy ___________ ._______ with a class o f 30 kids and no
train in g , no books, and no guidelines:
6.
1 was going (o start doing the dishes, but som eone knocked oil the d o o r and I d id n 't have to do it.
7.
It Is always a good idea to go to a couple o f yoga c la s s e s __,___________
_
_______________before
you decide
w hether to buy a long-term m em bership at the club.
8.
T h eir restaurant was never really popular. S o .w h e n they couldn't get business even on M other’s
ay, they decided it w$s about tim e t o ___________ \r______
by speaking
governor o f the Slate o f
io one o f his closest
good start in the electoral ca:
iport o f th e voters.
>aign. the candidate seem s to he
____________ having
each phrase in bold with the appropriate idiom, using the words in the correct form .
■ I
.
V ...\ f [z.
anager th inks the best way to jjit roduce nevy staff to the jo b is to give them a difficult job
or a serious problem to deal with and see how they go.
'aigrits hope that after their children leave college
u in.. anyone else.
3.
4.
;v will be independent and w on't need help
ji;1
[w. ' r
The school principal's speech on attracting new investm ents for the new library was right on target
and got exactly what the school needed.
M r G rey asked the three candidates for the posit ion o f his d au g h ter’s EnglitjJj'iutor to '
references. He d id n ’t want to make the wrong choice.
I/m. I»*
the rules.
5.
My to s s is never satisfied. W henever 1 th in k I’ve done what he wants, he eh
6.
For m any years this com pany has established standards in the co m m u n icatk w s industry that th e ir
com petitors arc still trying to keep up with.
7.
This year M anchester U nited have won the Cup by no more than 5 points but last year they won il
by merely 1 point.
8.
W hen Jeff failed his finals, he lost hope and the will to continue his studies. It discouraged him
from trym ^ to get into a university;
Tl| •’
9.
10.
*1* i
■-lit«■—•••’. . '
1.1
.{;!
V
■j
•
'• ;.• r:;
‘
W illiam has always dream t about a tree house Now that he's-lountl a perfect design and lias
bought all the building m aterials he is ready to begin.
Ti>ev started the pro.tec. enthusiastically and without delay
-
^
:1
22 V
1
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stro n g e r -----------------------------------------------------
—
VIII. LISTENING
■jg
You will hear a story about eight Olympic curiosities, the so called ‘h ead -scratch er’ sports in the
Olympic history.
A) Listen to the text and fill in the table.
Event
Introduced
Excluded
Reasons
1.
2.
3.
still exists
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8) Listen to the recording again and explain why each of those Olympic events seems odd.
IX. READING AND SPEAKING
17 Scan the text and find at what Olympic Games (city and year) the following took place for the first time.
T he Olym pic G am es were
broadcast on TV.
__________________ A n Olympic village was built.
__________________ O ne sw im m er won eight
m edals at one O lym piad.
__________________ The Olym pic flag and
the Olym pic oath were introduced.
___________________A special O lym pic stadium
was built.
__________________ The first athlete from A frica
won the gold m edal.
G old, silver and bronze
m edals were awarded.
___ T he Soviet team com peted in
the G am es.
___ W omen athletes com peted in
the G am es.
__________________ T he Olympic cham pion was
disqualified due to the drug scandal.
__________________ T he Photo finish was used.
__________________ T he Olym pic flam e was
ignited at the opening cerem ony.
__________________ C assius Clay (M uham m ad Ali)
won gold m edal in boxing.
___________________T he m arathon was nearly won
by cheating.
History of the Modern Olympic Games
II — Paris May 14 — O ctober 28, 1900.
T he first o f seven consecutive Olym piads whose
events were spread out over m onths, Paris
also saw women com pete for the first tim e
with M rs Brohy and Miss O hnier o f France
in croquet being the first o f 22 members o f
the fairer sex to take part, although they were
rather outnum bered by the 975 male com petitors.
III — St Louis July 1 — Novem ber 23, 1904.
The first G am es to present gold, silver and
222
bronze m edals witnessed the debut o f boxing and
decathlon but also the most audacious attem pt
to cheat the O lym pics has ever known. T hom as
Hicks o f the USA won the m arathon but only
after fellow A m erican Fred Lorz was throw n 15
out o f the com petition after it was revealed he
had covered alm ost the entire distance in a car,
leaping out just before the finish.
IV
— London April 27 — O ctober 21, 1908.
M ore than 2.000 athletes headed for London 20
when Rome had to pull out becausc m on
d had she not pointed out to the judges
needed in ita ly ro rebuild Naples aftei^H B FTns t w i l ^ B n g strikes by her opponent. A ustria’s 70
erupted in 1906. The m arathon ddf lb ^ e was Ellen PraHffl^hich the panel had failed to spot.
XI
—^ B e rlin August 1— 16, 1936. A dolf
changed from 25 miles to 26 m ile ^ B p yards so
15 that it could begin in W indsor a i^ V n is h under H itler's id e l^ L prom ote his Aryan suprem acy U
the royal box in front o f P rin c e s s ™ ry . For the views back fl^B spectacularly w hen A m erican
В first time, a stadium was purpose-built for the black athletiflw sse Owens becam e the star in 75
Berlin by w j^ B n g four gold m edals. It was the
G am es (W hite City Stadium ) a n d » ^ s w im m in g
events took place in a pool, not in
water.
first tim e tjJB u a m e s were on TV and the first
30 jfj V — Stockholm May 5 — .І і Л ж Т , 1912. appearance of the torch relay.® ,
Athletes from all five continents co n G jfcd for
X V ^ ^ D ^ Is in k i July 19 — August 3, ,1952.
lIsraeM W T the Soviet U nion entered the G am es 80
the first tim e while autom atic lim in g ?
track, the photo finish and public-address sysi
for the first time. Czechoslovakia’s Em il Zatopek
also debuted. But it was a native A m erican first won the 5,000 m. followed that with the
35 called B rightpath (com peting under his western
10,000 m title and rem arkably com pleted a clean
nam e o f Jim T horpe) who shone, w inning the sweep in the m arathon — a treble which stands
pentathlon and decathlon by huge m argins. King unique to th is d a y . ^ ^ ^ ^ r
85
XVII — Rome August 25 — Septem ber II.
G ustav declared him “ the greatest athlete in the
w orld,” but he was subsequently disqualified for I960. Abebe Bikila becam e the first black
40 being a professional sportsm an who later becam e A frican Olym pic cham pion when he ignored the
the first president o f the N F L .
derision o f fans and other athletes to run barefoot
V II — Antwerp April 20 — Septem ber 12, in the m arathon and to win com fortably. But it 90
1920. T he sixth O lym piad should have been was an o th er black Olympic gold m edallist who
staged in Berlin in 1916 but was cancelled was to leave the longest-lasting im pression on
45 because o f the G reat War. A ntw erp was awarded the G am es and sport in general as A m erica’s
the next G am es as a m ark o f respect for the C assius Clay trium phed in boxing’s lightsuffering o f the Belgian people during the war. heavyweight division before becom ing m ore 95
The Olym pic Flag appeared for the first tim e fam ous as M uham m ad Ali.
and A ntw erp also m arked the first tim e the
XXIV — Seoul Septem ber 17 — O ctober 2,
?a athletes look the O lym pic O ath and the first
1988. Having com e through all the political
tim e the doves o f peace were released.
G am es, the return o f the O lym pics to Asia
IX — Amsterdam May 17 — August 12, 1928. was by and large a huge success but will always 100
As each G am es tried to introduce som ething be rem em bered for one word — Stanozolol.
new which would last, Am sterdam brought us C anadian sprinter Ben Johnson had already
55 the Olympic П ате. Also G reece entered first at won the world title in Rome the previous year.
the opening ceremony and the Netherlands last and Now he beat Carl Lewis for the Olym pic gold
this originators-first, hosts-last routine has been only to be stripped o f his medal when he tested 105
used ever since. W hat has not been repeated was positive for the anabolic steroid. He was the
the remarkable story o f Aussie rower H enry Pearce biggest nam e ever caught and it sparked the era
60 who stopped to let a family o f ducks cross his boat o f suspicion and the war against drugs cheats.
in the quarter-final but was still good enough
X X V III - Athens August 1 3 -2 9 . 2004. The
to recover to win the race and later the gold.
G aines returned to their spiritual hom e but in no
X — Los Angeles July 30 — August 14, 1932. the intervening 108 years, they had leaped from
Los Angeles reduced the G am es to 16 days.
14 com peting nations to 201. M ichael Phelps
65 LA 1932 also gave us the Olym pic Village and dived into the pool and into the record books as
the m edal podium with flags being raised. he won six sw im m ing gold m edals and becam e
The true spirit o f the G am es was best displayed the first person ever to take hom e eight m edals 115
by British fencer Judy G uinness, who could have from one Olym piad.
18 Speak about one of the Olympics using the facts from
Ex. 17 which im pressed you most.
223
—
U n it 13. Swifter. higl ler, stronger —
X. READING
19 A) Use the words in brackets to make the appropriate derivatives to fill in the gaps in the text.
Scientists conducted 6,250 drug tests during the London Olym pics — but is it still possible
to beat the system?
Aware that the doping scandals o f the 1990s that followed the era-defining ( 1 ) ____________
(grace) o f Ben Johnson in Seoul and the ( 2 ) _______________(realize) that m uch o f East
G erm any's earlier
( 3 ) _______________(dom inant) was based on institutional doping, the World A ntiD oping Agency (WADA) was set up in 1999 as a joint venture between the ( 4 ) _______________
(national) Olympic C om m ittee and governm ents around the world to provide a co-ordinated
( 5 ) _______________(globe) response. It drew up a ( 6 ) _______________ (universe) list o f banned
substances, sought to ( 7 ) _______________(harm ony) the rules across countries and sports and
resolved to drive up testing standards across the world.
L ondon 2012 organisers ( 8 ) _______________(proud) said that during the games
scientists conducted 6.250 tests for 240 ( 9 ) _______________(ban) substances on athletes’
blood and urine. A round h alf of all athletes were tested, including every single
(1 0 )_______________(m edal). T his led organisers and ( I I ) _______________ (politics)
to claim that anyone cheating at those G am es was caught.
O f the 26 sports included in the 2012 G am es, the worst (1 2 )_______________(offend)
in term s o f the rate o f findings per sam ple (averaged across all eight years) is (1 3 )____________
(cycle) — 3.71%. T he second highest rate — 3.05% — was found am ong (1 4 )_______________
(box). B adm inton had the lowest rate o f 0.87%. ( 1 5 )_______________(Football) were the most
tested athletes in term s o f the total num ber o f samples (30.398), followed by athletics (25,013).
W hile cycling has the highest average (1 6 )_______________(find) rate over the eight year
period, there has been a general decline in positive tests since 2003.
B) Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.
In a m uch-quoted speech, the WADA director general, David H ow m an, drew a distinction
__________ 'dopey dopers' who still have traces __________ banned substances in their system
__________ m ajor com petition, and sophisticated cheats who are able to take drugs outside com petition
and be tested clean during it.
W hile sophisticated new testing m ethods are being developed, they are expensive and require
refrigerated blood sam ples to be c a r r ie d __________ som etim es thousands o f m ile s ___________ the labs
c a p a b le __________ carrying out the tests. WADA is c o n c e rn e d __________ the fact that the cost is
preventing m any countries carrying out as m any te s ts __________ blood doping as they should be.
All o f those __________ the anti-doping frontline acknowledge they are in an ‘arm s race’ with
those w illing to cheat. WADA is also calling for m ore h e lp __________ governm ents around the world,
not only to m aintain their funding but to crim inalise the s u p p ly __________ perform ance-enhancing
drugs.
The focus in the war against doping is p rim a rily __________ education o f young athletes to convince
them that the risks vastly o u tw e ig h __________ the rewards. WADA also w o rk s ___________ Interpol
and local law enforcem ent a g e n c ie s __________ order to target the networks behind the supply of
illicit substances and the pyram id o f influences behind the athletes.
224
U n it 13. Swifter ;. higher, stronger
x i. v o c a b u l a r y
mmmm
20 M atch the W inter Olympic Sports with their icons.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. speed skating
7. snowboard
8. ski jum ping
9. ice hockey
10. luge
bobsleigh
curling
alpine-skiing
cross-country
biathlon
B)
D)
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
C)
E)
\
G)
H)
I)
K)
L)
A
•I)
A
M)
P rl'taT
N ) ___
A
0 ) _
skeleton
nordic com bined
figure skating
short track
freestyle skiing
— U n it 13. Swifter, higher, strongei
21
A) Read the descriptions of some W inter Olympic sports and guess what they are.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
It is a sport related to bowls but played on ice. Team s sweep their stones towards a target,
accum ulating points over 10 ends.
It is the only m ale-only W inter Olym pic sport consisting o f ski jum ping and cross-country skiing.
It requires a m arriage o f explosive power for the ski jum p in g , and endurance for the cross-country
racc.
Pairs o f athletes com pete against each other and the clock, gracefully lapping the 400 m etre track
at speeds upwards o f 40 m etres per hour.
It is the most high-profile sport at the W inter Olym pics, and possibly the easiest to understand —
the quickest to gel from the top to the bottom o f the m ountain course w ins gold.
Jum ps and tricks com bine with traditional skiing as the com petitors tackle m an-m ade tracks
packed with hills, bum ps and jum ps.
R acing as singles or pairs, com petitors propel them selves down an icy track feet first on a sm all
sled with only the shoes' spikes to act as brakes.
Individuals ride head first on a sm all sled down an icy run. the lowest total tim e over four runs
w inning.
B) C om plete the descriptions of the w inter sports in the pictures using the phrases.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
the oldest W inter Olympic discipline/ consist o f/ three 20-m inute p erio d s/ overtim e and shootouts if req u ired / six players per te a m / allow / on the ice at any given tim e / unlim ited substitutions/
perm it
team s o f two or four co m p etito rs/ m ake/ four ru n s/ bob/ sliding down an icy tra c k / the lowest
total tim e / win
grace and tech n iq u e / co m b in e/ co m p etito rs/ p erfo rm / com pulsory elem ents/ to m usic/ singles/
p airs/ ice dance events
the oldest type o f sk iin g / em erged/ the need to get around and h u n t/ skiers traverse/ up to
50 kilom etres/ the challenging landscape
a test o f both endurance and accuracy/ co m b in e/ cross-country sk iin g / target sh o o tin g / ath letes/
cover d istan ces/ 20 k m / sto p / a shooting range/ to fire at five targets/ as sm all as golf b alls/
50 m distance
skiers/ go d o w n / a ta k e -o ff ram p / ju m p / attem pt to fly/ far/ possible/ ju d g es/ aw ard/ p oints/
technique
U n i* 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
—
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
XII. LISTENING
22 You will hear an extract from a radio program m e about the sport celebrity Tatyana M cFadden.
Listen to the journalist and com plete the notes.
T he Paralym pics started as the sports com petition for British l ) ___________________________
__________ in 1948.
Now the Sum m er and W inter Paralympic Gam es are the ultimate international competitions for world
class 2 ) _____________________ who help other people with disabilities get involved in sport.
T he 24-year-old A m erican Paralym pian Tatyana M cFadden is 3 ) ______________________________
_____________________ in the world.
Over the year, she has becom e untouchable in all 4 ) _____________
races.
Her new challenge was the participation in the W inter Olym pics 2014 5)
Born in Russia, her parents, unable to care for a child with a fault in the developm ent of
6 ) _____________________ , placed her in a St. Petersburg orphanage.
M cFadden walked 7 ) _________________________________ for the first six years o f her life before
being adopted by a family in M aryland. U nited States.
With Tatyana desperately weak, her foster m other enrolled her to in a variety o f sports such as
sw im m ing, gym nastics. 8 ) ______________________ , sled hockey, and track and field to help her to
strengthen her muscles.
M cFadden began 2014 by returning to the country o f her birth to com pete in the W inter
Paralym pic G am es in Sochi where she won the m edal in front o f all her fam ily including her
9 ) ______________________.
Her dream is to becom e a m odel to follow and she believes th at she 1 0 )______________________
people to re-change their lives.
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
XIII. SPEAKING
23
Discuss the questions in small groups. Then share your ideas.
The Olympic Games in Ukraine?
W hat are the advantages and disadvantages o f being a host Olympic country/ city?
W ho chooses the place for the Games?
W hat is necessary to provide and improve (tourist infrastructure, roads and airports, hotels, an Olympic
village, stadiums, swim m ing pools, ski ways, etc)?
What should be done to ensure safety for athletes and spectators?
Does Ukraine have really great chances to get the Olympic host status for the W inter or Summ er
Games?
What regions and cities in Ukraine do you think could host the Olympics?
In what ways should the transportation system o f Ukraine be improved in order to cater for participants
and spectators, particularly those with special needs?
How could Ukraine benefit from holding the Olympic Games?
x iv . w r it in g
24 W rite an article about:
some o f the Ukrainian athletes who won gold
medals in the Olympic Games;
U k ra in e’s participation in the last Olympic
G am es;
•
U k rain e’s participation in the last
Paralym pics.
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
XV. REVISION TRANSLATION
25 Translate into English.
1.
Перші сучасні Олімпійські Ігри
відбулися в Афінах у 1896 році. Жодна
офіційна національна команда не брала
участь у них, але аж 280 спортсменів,
усі чоловіки, приїхали до Афін,
більшість з них за власний рахунок.
Хоча брали участь 14 країн, більшість
атлетів були греками. Спортсмени
змагалися у 43 видах програми,
включаючи легку атлетику, велоспорт,
плавання, гімнастику, важку атлетику,
боротьбу, фехтування, стрільбу та теніс.
Ч е р й історичну значущість марафону
господарі Олімпіади хотіли перемогти
в ньому більш, ніж у будь-якому
іншому виді змагань. Тому
І00 000 уболівальників були
у захваті, коли грецький бігун
прийш ов першим.
2.
Олімпійський рух використовує
с и м в о л ік у д л я того, щ об
п ред стави ти ідеали , втілені в
Олімпійській хартії. Н а й в аж л и в іш е
в Олімпійських Іграх не одерж ати
перемогу, а брати участь, я к і
н ай го л о в н іш а річ у ж и тті — не
п ерем ога, а боротьба. О л ім п ій с ьк и й
си м в о л , відом и й я к олімпійські
кільця, відображ ує єд н ість п ’яти
н аселен и х к о н ти н е н тів . Ін ш и м и
си м в о л ам и є девіз, олімпійський
вогонь і олімпійський факел, прапор,
гімн та клятва. П очин аю чи
з 1968 року, в як о сті талісману
Олімпіади о б и раю ть ф ігурку
т в ар и н и або л ю д и н и , які
р еп р езен ту ю ть культурну с п ад щ и н у
к р а їн и , ш о п р и й м ає О лім піаду.
Церемонія відкриття і закриття Ігор,
парад прапорів, парад спортсменів
також є вш ан о в ан и м и т р а д и ц ія м и
О л ім п ій с ьк и х Ігор.
230
П ід час VIII Олімпіади м айбутн я
зірка ф іл ьм у про Т арзан а, Д ж он н і
В айсм ю ллер (Johnny W eissmuller),
виграв дві золоті медалі в б асейн і.
А м ери к а ап л о д у в а л а йому.
80 р о к ів п отом у в А ф інах інш ий
ам ер и к ан сь к и й плавець, я к и й щ ой н о
потрапив до Олімпійської збірної,
М ай кл Ф ел п с отримав шість зологнх
медалей і став перш ою лю ди н ою
у світі, яка п ри везл а додом у вісім
н агород з о д н ієї О л ім п іад и .
У П еки н і знову Ф ел п с за т к н у в усіх
за пояс (stole the show), покращивши
свій виступ у А ф інах і о тр и м ав ш и
вісім золоти х м едалей на Іграх.
А в Л он дон і 2012 Ф ел п с став сам и м
титулованим медалістом в історії
О л ім п іад п ісл я того, я к він виборов
свого 22 о л ім п ій сь к у нагороду і своє
ч етверте золото на цих Іграх.
У 1968 р о ц і М ехіко приймав Літні
Олімпійські Ігри. О с к іл ь к и місце
проведення О л ім п іад и було на
ви с о к о гір 'ї (high-altitude), відбулося
д е к іл ь к а зн ам е н и ти х подій.
Б об Бімон (Bob Beam on) врази в світ
світовим рекордом у стрибках
у довжину на 8,90 метрів, я к и й
ніхто не міі нобиги протягом
23 років. Д ік Ф осбері (D ick Fosbury)
п ред стави в світу д и в н е сальто
н азад (back flip) у стрибках у висоту,
і з того часу тех н ік а стр и б ку
Ф осбері (the Fosbury Flop) стала
розповсю дж еною . Було введено
ще одну ін н овац ію . П очин аю чи
з цих Ігор, тестування переможців
на допінг стал о о б ов'язкови м .
На ж ал ь, вій н а п роти допінгу
ведеться з того часу не дуж е
усп іш н о. Хоча певну к іл ь к ість
атлетів дискваліфікують щ ороку,
з ’я в л я ю т ь с я нові заб орон ен і
реч ови н и , і тести на допінг часто
ви я вл я ю ться ітозитивн и м и .
U n it 13. Swifter, higher, stronger
5.
В и зн ачен н я рівня
п о п у л яр н о сті сп орту — це
ц ікаве і с к л а д н е зав д ан н я .
О дин з важ л и ви х ф ак то р ів ,
які тр еб а враховувати, —
це те, чи ми ц ік ави м ося
кіл ь к істю вболівальників, чи
к іл ь к іст ю лю дей, які д ій сн о
р егу л яр н о займаються
цим спортом. Але футбол
є перш им н ом ером за
о бом а к р и т ер ія м и . Це
командний вил спорту, я к и й є
п о п у л яр н и м м ай ж е в кож ній
кр аїн і світу. На аматорському
рівні він потребує д уж е мало
обладнання та зусиль, щ об
о п ан у вати осн ови гри. Ф утбол
п о ч и н а єт ь с я з т а к и х п рости х
д ій , як забивати м’яча у ворота
супротивника і заваж ати йому
зроб и ти те ж саме. Д іти різного
со ц іал ь н о го п оходж ення (from
ail walks o f life) п очи н аю ть грати
у цю гру зм алечку і стаю ть її
п ал к и м и прихильниками. Це також
н ай ви щ е о п л ач у в ан и й ко м ан д н и й
вид спорту на професійному рівні.
Unit 14
_
ALL THE
WORLD’S
A STAGE
l e a d -in
"j
Read the quotations and interpret them . Say whether you agree or not and why.
T he word theatre conies from G reek. It m eans the seeing place. It is the place people com e to see
the tru th about life. The theatre is a spiritual and social X-ray o f its time.
Stella Adler
You need three things in the theatre — the play, the actors and the audience, and each must give
som ething.
Kenneth Haigh
The m ost effective m om ents in the theatre are those that appeal to basic and com m onplace
em otions — love o f w om an, love o f hom e, love o f country, love o f right, anger, jealousy, revenge,
am bition, lust, and treachery.
Clayton Hamilton
T heatre is life. C inem a is art. Television is furniture.
Author Unknown
II. VOCABULARY
2
M atch d ifferent theatrical genres with their definitions.
a)
a play characterised by exaggerated em otions, stereotypical
characters and interpersonal conflicts
b)
an am using play that is based on the hum our dealing with
the unpleasant side o f hum an life
c)
an art form in w hich a story is told and em otion is conveyed
prim arily through singing (with instrum ental music)
d)
a form o f d ram a based on suffering that ends sadly,
especially with the death o f the m ain character
e)
a theatrical genre that provides am usem ent by m aking
the behaviour and fashions o f a particular group look foolish
f)
a serious play with a happy ending
g)
a light hum ourous play full o f extravagant and im probable
situations, using deliberate absurdity or nonsense
opera
h)
an art form that is intended to make people laugh
com edy
o f m anners
i)
a play with singing and dancing, in which the cast is usually actors
who sing rather than classically-trained opera singers
black com edy
j)
a light opera with spoken dialogue, songs and dances
1)
musical
2)
farce
3)
operetta
4)
tragedy
5)
m elodram a
6)
com edy
7)
tragicom edy
8)
9)
10)
232
U n it 14. All the world's a stage
U n it 14. All the w orld’s a stage
"T he Q ueen o f Spades” by Pvoir
Tchaikovsky.
‘‘G iselle” by Adolphe Adam.
UHlHu.fe,,,...... •
,
...............
The M erry W idow” by F ra n / Lehär.
C hicago” by John K ander and Fred Ebb,
K ing L ear" by W illiam Shakespeare.
U n it 14. All the wo/ Id's a stage 4
T his m asterpiece is a first-rate exam ple o f great literature th a t’s fu rth er enlightened w hen set to
greal music. T he role o f G h e rm an n is taken by tenor Ben Heppner. and hi.s singing and acting i
o f the m ad officer who is responsible for two deaths is one of the crow ning achievem ents o f his;;?
career. T h e soprano M aria G u leg h in a, as Lisa, is rightly acknowledged as the finest interpreter o f !
this part. A nd the baritone V ladim ir Stoyanpv brought a warm , attractive vuice but scant dram atic i!i
energy to the role o f the earnest Prince Yeleisky.
The Neи- York l imes
b)
S pirited scenes o f tu rn-ol'-the-century Parisian life, the sweeping whirl o f the Viennese waltz, and 1
beautiful and lyrical m elodies have m ade this perform ance one o f the most popular and enduring
works o f its kind. T he passionate love duets, m elodies and songs are beloved the world over. I
T he plot line includes lovers' secret m eetings, lavish parties, can-can dancers, and political intrigue,
offering som ething to appeal to every m em ber o f the audience. Eastm an O pera T heatre brings
this m asterpiece by the renowned A ustro -H ungarian com poser to si age for four perform ances
b eg in n in g Thursday, April 3.
The Guardian
c)
It is a m agnificent play. It's got everything: m urder, love, greed, hum our, m aim ing, m adness,
deceit, rem orse and a good solid helping o f death all round.T his play tests the lim its o f how і
m uch hum an suffering can be encom passed in a work o f literature. The em inent scholar A.C.,Jj
Bradley called it "th e m ost terrible picture that the au th o r painted o f the w orld." The production |
is gripping, inventive and assured. It negotiates the dark and com plex them es elegantly an d offers *
us fresh insights into the play.
The Guardian 1
d)
For anyone cu rious about classical d ance. Sir Peter W rig h ts production offers lhe experience in its
purest, most captivating form. It was first danced in 1841, but this tale o f love, betrayal, revenge
and forgiveness still has the power to hold an audience enthralled and send it hom e in tears.
The Telegraph |
e)
It is now the longest running revival in West End theatre history. “ M urder, greed, corruption,
violence, exploitation, adultery and treachery — all those Lhings we hold near and dear to our
hearts.” So begins the perform ance. Ii is the tale o f Roxic H art, a chorus girl who kills her lover
as a career move; Billy Flynn, a sharp lawyer who turns Roxie into a celebrity; and Velma Kelly, ,
a dancing jailbird with an ear for headlines and an eye for talent. The w inner o f six 1997 Tony
Awards, including Best Musical Revival, is a wonderful rem inder o f what great theater c a n be.
BBC Music
U n it 14. All the? world's a stage
III. READING
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Why do you th ink people go to the theatre?
W hat are the differences between a (live) perform ance (onstage) and a movie?
If you are a theatre-goer, what kind o f live theatre do you enjoy? (com edies, farces, m usicals,
m elodram as etc.) If you d o n ’t go to the theatre, say why.
W hat can you do to get more prepared to understand a play you are going to see before attending
a theatre?
The American Theater Goers Guide
5
io
15
20
25
30
35
Why Go to the Theater?
Why go to the theater at all? W hat is so special
about a th eater perform ance? In a theatrical
perform ance, there are live perform ers in the
presence o f a live audience, and the electricity
generated between actors and spectators is
the m ost exciting aspect o f attending a theater
production. In th eater — unlike film or
television — each perform ance is unique because
each audience brings different expectations and
sensibilities to the event. For exam ple, think
about a com edy onstage and a com edy in
the movies. D uring the staged perform ances,
the audience’s response or lack o f response will
clearly affect the way the actors and actresses
shape their performances. D uring the running
o f the film , the reaction o f the audience in the
movie house can obviously have no impact on the
perform ers. A th eater event exists in lim e and
changes over tim e; a film exists on celluloid and
does not change. Rem em ber, then, that although
a th eater perform ance has m any com ponents —
including playing space, scenery, costum es,
lighting, sound, and text — its prim ary elem ents
are always the perform ers and the audience.
W hen people th ink about why they go to
the theater, there are usually three basic
reasons: en tertain m en t, com m unity interaction,
and personal grow th. To begin with, for m ost
audience m em bers the desire to go to the theater
is co n n ected w ith th eir desire to be entertained
and to escape from daily existence. Slapstick
comedies, farces, m usicals, and m elodram as are
examples o f theatrical works m eant prim arily to
entertain . Second, a theatrical perform ance is
a com m unal experience: it brings people together
fo ra period o f tim e. (In fact, the origins o f theater
are closely related to religious cerem onies and
rituals which are also com m unal experiences.)
236
T h ird , th eater can enrich individual audience
m em bers intellectually, em otionally, and perhaps
spiritually. It can help us to see and understand
the com plexities and crosscurrents o f everyday
life and can also expand our horizons far beyond
everyday life. Indeed, som e theater artists believe
that the function o f theater is to ‘teach.'
Preparing for Theater-going
Before you attend a theater perform ance,
you can do some preparation that will help you
get the most out of it. Reading about the play
you are going to see can add to your enjoym ent
and understanding. If the play is a classic, you
might find som e useful inform ation about it in
a th eater history book. In addition, there may
be books or articles about the life and work o f
the playwright or about dram a and th eater in
the period when the play was w ritten. You may
also w ant to read the play itself. All this can
provide background for you as a theatergoer.
A nother effective way to prepare for a theater
event is to read a review o f the production.
A word o f w arning, however: do not be unduly
swayed by the opinions expressed by the reviewer,
since what you like may be com pletely different
from what he o r she prefers. Use the review only
as a source o f inform ation, and go to the theater
with an open mind.
Buying Tickets
Buying tickets for a theater event can be done
in m any ways, depending on the type o f theater
you are attending. For example, if you want
to see a large-scale commercial production on
Broadway or in a m ajor touring house, you can
buy tickets through the box office, by telephone,
or through an online ticket agency. The best
seats at such a production can cost as m uch as
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
U n it 14. All the world's a stage
S I50 each, but reduced-price tickets are often
available. In m a n y cities, th ere are special
b o o th s selling tickets at h a lf price, student
‘rush' tickets are usually available o n the day
o f the p e rfo rm a n c e (som e tim e s ju st before
the p e rfo rm a n c e starts); a n d re d u c e d -rate
*5 c o u p o n s m ay be offered (in N ew York these
c o u p o n s are called twofers — originally, ‘two for
th e price o f o n e ’).
I f you are g oing to a sm all th e a te r o r
a n o n c o m m e r c ia l theater, you may find tha t
tickets c a n be b ought o nly at the box office, a n d
so m e tim es, on ly o n the day o f the p e rfo rm a n c e
(this is true, for exam ple, at so m e off-B roadw ay
th e a te rs in New York.) I f seating is reserved,
y o u r ticket will tell you w here you are seated.
K ‘General admission’ tickets, o n the o th e r han d,
d o n o t entitle you to a specific seat, so you
m ight want to arrive at the th e a te r early to be
sure o f getting a good location. If you have
a reservation, you sho uld be sure to arrive
IM o n tim e, since m a n y theaters will not seat
latecomers until there is a n a p p ro p ria te break in
the p e rfo rm a n c e.
»
Program s
A s you e n te r th e a u d ito riu m , you will
I05 probably receive a pro g ra m from an usher
w h o may also escort you to your seat. In
th e p ro g ra m , o r playbill, you will find th e title
o f th e play, the auth o r, the cast o f c h a ra c ters,
th e a c to rs and
actresses, th e designers,
us th e director, a n d various o th e r people involved
in mounting the production. In ad d itio n , you
will find in fo rm a tio n about th e setting o f
the play (place an d time), its division in to acts
o r scenes, a n d the n u m b e r o f interm issions.
U5
Audience Etiquette
W estern the a te r,
particularly sin c e the
n in e te e n th c en tu ry , has developed c e rta in
rules o f behavior for a u d ie n c e m em b ers. At
a trad itio nal th e a te r p e r f o r m a n c e , the au d ie n c e
120 is e xp ected to re m a in silent for the most part,
a n d not to in te rru p t the perform ers. A ud ience
m e m b e rs sh ould not talk to each o ther, h u m or
sing along with m usic, u n w ra p c a n d y o r o th e r
food, search th ro u g h a purse, or backpack.
125 T h e y shou ld also tu r n o f f cell p h on es, iPods,
o r o th e r ele c tro n ic devices. R e m e m b e r that
th e acto rs c a n h ea r th e au d ie n ce noises an d
distracting behavior will have a n im pact on
th e ir c o n c e n tr a tio n a n d p e rfo rm a n c e. N o ise and
d istraction s also affect the experience o f o th e r 130
spectators.
O f course, tra d itio na l a ud ien ces are not
always absolutely quiet. A ud ien ces at c o m ed ies
c a n laugh, for in stance. A ud ie nc e s at m usicals
ca n ap p lau d a fter a song (in fact, they 're 135
exp ected to). O n the o th e r h a n d , a u d ie n c e s at
serious plays m ig h t not a pplaud until th e end o f
the p e rfo rm a n c e — a n d even th e n , a n aud ie n ce
m ay be so stunned o r so deeply m oved that there
will be a m o m e n t o f silence before the a pplause mo
begins.
Interm issions
In te rm issio n s serve a variety o f fu nc tio ns.
M a n y au d ie n c e m e m b e rs stay in place a n d use
the tim e just to stand a n d stretch. O th e rs c h o o se 145
to leave the a u d ito riu m .
In m ost theaters sm o k in g in the lobby is no
longer allow ed, so sm okers m ust go outside.
Y ou’ll need to keep you r ticket stub if you leave
the lobby area.
150
A n interm ission usually lasts ab o u t 15 m in ,
a n d the lights in the lobby will be flashed on
a n d o ff as a signal that the interm issio n is
e nd in g. You should re tu rn to you r place when
signalled to d o so, b ecau se th e th e a te r may not 155
seat you if you re tu rn late, after th e p e rfo rm a n c e
has resumed.
Keeping an Open Mind
O n e o f th e m a in p u r p o s e s o f t h e a te r is to
let you see the world from different perspectives
and
e x p e rie n c e d iffe rin g v ie w p o in ts and
lifestyles. C o n se q u e n tly , th e re m a y be tim e s
w hen w h a t you see o n sta g e will be s o m e th in g
w ith w h ic h you d isa g re e o r even find offensive.
In a situ a tio n like this, it is helpful to keep
a n o p e n m in d w hile you are w a tc h in g the
p e r f o r m a n c e . It is not n e c essa ry for you to
agree w ith o r ap pro ve o f w h a t you are h e a r in g
o r seein g, a n d you m a y fin d tha t a fte r the show
is over you reject e v e r y th in g tha t h as b e e n
p re se n te d . However, w hile the p e r f o r m a n c e is
g o in g o n , you sho u ld try to suspend judgm ent
a n d e x p e rie n c e it as receptively a n d tolerantly
as possible.
237
160
165
170
U n it 14. All the world's a stage
g
In the text find the words and phrases in bold which are similar in meaning to the following:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
unreasonably influenced;
tickets at a lower price than usual;
give a person the right to do sm th;
have no influence on smb;
to improve or enhance the quality or value;
has started again after a pause;
co n flictin g tendencies;
to gain the greatest possible advantage
from sm th;
to give the inform ation that helps
to understand the situation or the subject;
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
going to the theatre;
not to form any opinions beforehand.
to be unprejudiced (two expressions);
responds, react differently;
to be shocked or surprised very m uch;
preparing the play for production;
perform ances in which actors behave in
a silly way, by throw ing things, falling
over etc;
the part o f the ticket kept as a record
o f paym ent.
0
Explain the highlighted phrases in your own words, then use them in sentences of your own.
y
Find the synonyms to the following words:
audience —
interval —
8
theatre perform ance —
accom pany —
break —
Answer the questions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Are you a theatre-goer? W hat m akes you think so?
W hat are the differences between a com edy onstage and a com edy in the movies?
W hat are the basic elem ents o f a theatre perform ance?
W hat did theatre originate from?
In w hat ways can theatre-going affect your life?
W hat is the difference between a student ‘ru sh ’ ticket and a ‘tw ofer’?
If you’ve bought a ‘general adm ission’ ticket, can you say where exactly your seat is?
If you’ve reserved your ticket, will your late arrival be acceptable?
If you d o n ’t know where your scats are. who can help you?
W here can you learn about the cast and the setting o f the play?
W hat can distract your attention from the play?
If you leave the lobby during the interm ission, what do you need to get back inside?
W hat is the signal which indicates that the interm ission is over?
W hy is keeping an open m ind im portant when you go to the theatre?
------------------------------------------
U n it 14. All the world's a stage
IV. VOCABULARY
backstage
a balcony
a box office
a box
a cu rta in
A) Label the pictures:
a dress circle
a lobby/ a foyer
a pil
a prom pter’s box
props
a proscenium arch
a stage
stalls
an upper circle
— U n it 14. All the world's a s ta g e ------------------------------------------------------Q
B) R ead th e tex t and fill in th e g a p s with th e w ords from th e V ocabulary box.
T here are as m any types o f theatres as there are types o f perform ance. However, all theatre
structures, regardless o f type, contain certain basic elem ents.
T he m ost im portant o f these areas is the acting space generally know n as the 1 ) ______________.
The audience directly faces the playing area which is separated by a portal called the 2 ) ______________.
It creates a ‘w indow ’ around the scenery and perform ers and looks like a picture frame. It gives
everyone in the audience a good view because the actors need only focus on one direction rather than
continually move around the stage to give a good view from all sides. In addition to the acting space,
there may be offstage spaces as well. These include wings on either side of a proscenium stage called a
3 ) ______________ area, where 4 ) ______________ such as pieces o f furniture and scenery may be stored
and actors usually await an entrance. W hen attending a perform ance you may notice a little box at the
centre-front edge o f the stage called the 5 ) ______________. N ext tim e you are at the opera house, look
for it and rem em ber that one o f the most im p ortant people in the opera is offstage, cueing the singers
and giving them directions.
O ne m ore significant thing which is always associated w ith a theatre is a 6 ) ______________ located
just behind the proscenium opening and used to hide or reveal the events taking place on stage.
In productions where live music is required, such as ballet, opera, and musicals, the orchestra is
positioned in front o f and below the stage in a 7 ) ______________ .
All theatres provide a space for their audience. The lower flat seating area, usually below or at
the sam e level as the stage, is known as 8 ) _______________. O ne or more raised seating platform s
towards the rear o f the auditorium are called 9) ______________ or galleries. In larger theaters,
multiple levels are stacked vertically above or behind the stalls. The first level is usually called
the 1 0 )______________ or grand circle. The highest platform , or the 1 1 )_______________is som etim es
known as the gods, especially in large opera houses, where the seats can be very high and a long
distance from the stage. 12) ______________ are typically placed im m ediately to the front, side and
above the level o f the stage. They are often separate room s with an open viewing area where five or
fewer people usually seat. These seats are considered the m ost prestigious o f the house.
In addition, m any theatres may provide areas specifically designated for the com fort o f
the audience. These include a 13) ______________ where tickets and concessions may be sold at
the 1 4 )______________, restroom s, and other places where the audience may relax before, in between
or after perform ances. These areas are known as the 'F ront o f House.’
240
U n it
1
4
.
A ilII
M
Qtr
D fld '
V. LISTENING
10 A) You will hear six people sharing
their theatre-going experience of
attending the new musical “Love
Never Dies — The Phantom of
the Opera 2 ” by Andrew Lloyd
W ebber. While listening put
the number of the speaker to mark
the seats they occupied in
the seating plan of the Adelphi
Theatre.
B) Listen to the speakers again
and choose from what each of them
says (A—G). There is one extra
statem ent.
Speaker I
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Speaker 5
Speaker 6
A had a seat wide
enough for two people.
B was close enough
to see the expressions
on the actors' faces
and th eir costum es
but som e pieces o f the
set were hidden from
view.
C had a wonderful
view though ihe edge
o f the stage was cut
off. and was pleased
to have a seat in the
w arm er area.
D is an enthusiastic
theatregoer who
usually takes
p articular seats at
relatively low prices.
E had an excellent
view to feel part o f the
action especially at ihe
gripping m om ents.
F had the best seat
for its price though
a little bit remote
to see the faces.
G d id n ’t feel
com fortable because
he lacked leg-room.
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STAGE
°
non n
4m.
U n it 14. All the world's a stage
vi. v o c a b u l a r y
an ac to r/ actress
a costum e designer
a directo r
a lighting designer
a n d s p e a k in g m m m m m m a m akeup designer
a producer
a p roperty/ props
designer
a
a
a
a
scene designer
sound designer
stage m anager
ru n n in g crew
Read the text and choose the appropriate job title for each description.
How Theatre Happens
The theatre is a collaborative effort of giving and doing. T hat m eans that a person cannot do
theatre alone. Every m em ber must be a part o f a cohesive com m unity. T he better the com m unity
functions, the greater the potential to im pact people’s lives through experience. An understanding
o f people’s roles is necessary to understand the interrelationships am ong com m unity m em bers
to produce theatre and potentially create a m eaningful and em otional experience for the audience.
T he theatre usually has a huge range o f specialist skills required to bring a play to life. Each
departm ent works together over a period o f m onths m aking sure the production is ready for the
opening night.
1)
T his person finds or offers the m eans to produce theatre. He or
she is prim arily concerned with m oney and as such seeks funds and usually finances anything
that needs to be financed. He o r she hires or assigns the director.
2)
T his person supervises all creative elem ents o f a theatre production.
He or she offers a production a quality o f unity by filtering all creative work through his or her
own vision. He or she casts and rehearses the actors, approves all designs, and oversees the entire
production.
3)
T his person is creative in his or her own right. He or she m ust
have a high sense o f visual beauty and harm ony and be able to translate these attributes into
color, mass, form, line, and so on. He o r she draws perspective draw ings, an d either makes
a model o f the set or a 3D com puter design. W orking draw ings are highly detailed and in scale.
4)
T his is a person who designs and supervises the choosing and
m aking o f props. Props are sm all objects such as books, w eapons or dishes, used by actors during
the perform ance.
5)
T his person takes a copy o f the floor-plan o f the scene design
and d eterm ines what kind o f light will go where, at what angle, and what color to create
a p articu lar effect. Some lights serve to make the actors visible on stage. O ther lights attem pt
to create an atm osphere or m ood.
6)
T he m ain concern o f this professional is to illum inate
a ch aracter’s traits by what that character wears. O nce designed, the drawings are handed over
to the seam stress who supervises the m aking o f the costum es.
7)
T his person attem pts to illum inate a ch a rac te r’s traits by
working on an acto r’s face, hair, hands, and any o th er visible body parts. O ften, he or she tries
to change the specific look o f a n actor.
242
U n it 14. All the world's a staqe
8)
T his person's work can be an integral part o f the whole concept
o f the production, as it helps create an atm osphere. T heir task is to find or create the sounds and
record them for production. They also search for music to be played at a particu lar tim e during
the perform ance to enhance the m ood and help draw the audience into a particular experience.
9)
T heir m ain concern before the perform ance is to create a character.
T hat takes physical and vocal discipline and exercise, an analysis o f the play script, m em orizing
lines, and a com m itm ent to the director, his or her vision, and to the rehearsal process.
10) _____________________________ T his person is in charge o f the technical rehearsals, dress
rehearsals, and perform ances. T hey supervise all aspects o f the perform ance, including the actors.
They set the stage and make everything ready before the perform ance begins. They call cues
to the light and sound board operators durin g the perform ance, supervise set and prop changes
during the perform ance, m ake sure that actors are ready, and solve any problem s that m ight
arise.
___________ These people are concerned with backstage activities. They help
H)
ru n props and shift the scenery if needed. They also help set the stage before the production
begins, help light and sound board operators check and prepare their equipm ent, and help put
things away after the perform ance ends.
12 Guessing Gam e. One student thinks of a the a tre profession. O ther students try to guess it
by asking Yes/No questions.
13 If you were o ffered to work at the th eatre, what theatre profession would you choose and why?
—
U n it 14. All the w orld’s a s ta g e ------------
VII. READING AND SPEAKING
14
Read the texts and for questions (1—20) choose from the theatres (A—E).
Which of the theatres
5
to
has hosted different tvpes o f art events over the years?
I.
is involved in staging only m odern popular productions?
2.
d o esn ’t charge for a to u r around its building?
4.
has never lacked celebrities to star in its perform ances?
5.
has a stage o f a peculiar form and design?
7.
is above a place where one can have a meal?
8.
is a place where a m onarch once fell in love?
9.
is housed in the newest building?
10.
has two different stages for various types o f production?
11.
is considered to be influential in the theatrical world?
12.
m akes its audience depend on the weather?
14.
boasts the m ost luxurious auditorium ?
15.
hosts an exhibition on the premises?
17.
is closed to visitors if there is no perform ance?
18.
offers seats as well as standing tickets?
20.
received critical acclaim from fam ous writers?
21.
A. Royal O pera House
Address'. Bow Street. Covent G arden, London
Opening Times: 10 am — 3.30 pm daily.
The m ain auditorium is open 1.5 hours before
curtain-up.
T his impressive building in the heart o f
Covent G arden has been playing host to m ajor
events o f the classical music world since 1858.
Today’s Royal O pera House is the result of
a reconstruction in the 1990s (although the main
244
3.
6.
13.
16.
19.
auditorium is part o f the original building). It is
the place to go for high quality perform ances
in luxurious surroundings. As one o f London's
most esteem ed, iconic and beautiful perform ance
venues, it’s w orth a visit even if you’re not a
ballet or opera fan. Before 1999 the theatre only
opened its doors to ticket holders just before
perform ances but today you can explore parts of
the building for free during the day. For sm aller
scale productions such as cham ber opera and
15
20
U n it 14. All the world s a stage ~
experim ental dance shows there's the 400-seat
Studio Theatre.
B. U pstairs at the Gatehouse
Address: H am pstead Lane. Highgate Village
5
Opening Times'. 11 am — 11 pm (downstairs).
T he auditorium is open 30 m inutes before
perform ance starts.
T h is p o p u lar pub th eatre in H ighgate
has, over th e years, served as a m usic h all.
;■« cin em a and a jazz and folk m usic club. Now
Upstairs at the G atehouse, housed in a 1895
au d ito riu m , hosts th eatric al and cabaret
p ro d u c tio n s, p resen ting a m ix tu re o f off-beat
and m ain stream shows. T he team b eh in d the
35 th eatre is O vation T h ea tres L im ited whose
d irec to rs. Jo h n and K atie Plews, have been in
the business for over tw enty years and are well
know n figures in th e a tric a l circles. T he pub
th at the th eatre sits above. T he G a te h o u se, is
m one o f the oldest in H ighgate and there are
claim s th at a licensed building has been on
th e site since 1337. A ppropriately, the pub
also has a long h isto ry o f literary associations.
B yron, C ru ik sh a n k an d D ickens all used its
<5 services.
f»
£5
i«
t:
C. T heatre Royal D rury Lane
Address’. C ath erin e Street. Covent G arden.
L ondon
Opening Times: lor the tim e o f perform ances
only.
L ondon's oldest theatre is also its most
spectacular, with an auditorium that is am ong
the
m ost
impressive
in
the
world.
T he first theatre on this site was built in 1662
0
n
the orders o f C harles II. It has been rebuilt
a num ber o f tim es since then, but the current
auditorium incorporates m any elem ents from as
long ago as 1820. Us broad staircases, its
chandeliered salon, its statues and panels speak
o f an older, m ore glam orous theatrical age.
T he perform ance history here is the history o f
p o pular theatre in Britain. From Nell G w y n n e’s
debut, when C harles II fell in love with
the 15-year-old actress, London's greatest stars
have appeared beneath the T heatre Royal's
gorgeously
decorated
arch
and
brought
audiences to their feet every night. A fter the
war, the T heatre Royal has becom e part o f the
m odern world o f long-running m usicals, with a
series o f hits including Oklahoma, South Pacific,
42nd Street and Miss Saigon, which ran for
4,236 perform ances.
D. S hakespeare’s Globe T heatre
Address'. 2 1 New G lobe Walk. Bankside,
L ondon
Opening Times'. Theatre: 21 April — 14 October
Exhibition: All year round, 9 am — 5 pm.
T his replica of the Shakespeare's 16th century
theatre was reconstructed just 200 yards from
its original site. Built in wood and thatch, using
techniques from 400 years ago, Shakespeare's
Globe Theatre opened in 1996. Although it is not
an exact replica, it is close, and plays are performed
in the open air, rain or shine. The thrust stage,
protruding into the audience at different unusual
angles, and the fact that cheap standing tickets
are available for every performance, create a
close-distance relationship between actor and
audience that makes it unlike any other London
Theatre. If you arc standing, remember to
dress appropriately (l here’s no shelter from the
elements, and on hot days most performances
arc accompanied by somebody fainting). Visitors
can also tour the theatre and spend time at the
adjacent Shakespeare's Globe Exhibition.
E. Old Vic T heatre
Address'. 103 T he C ut, South Bank, London
Opening Times: for the tim e o f perform ances
only.
With the exception o f T he G lobe, the Old Vic
has had a greater influence on the history o f
dram a than any theatre standing today. T he Vie
has played host to generation after generation
o f stars since it opened its doors in 1818.
C harles D ickens and B ernard Shaw reviewed
plays here, Laurence Olivier said it had “The
m ost powerful a c to r/ audience relationship in
the world.” and it was the first theatre to perform
the com plete works o f W illiam Shakespeare
as a series. To watch a play at the Old Vic is
to becom e a part o f theatrical history, and
it is no w onder that the theatre has little trouble
attracting the biggest stars o f stage and film .
245
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
no
U n it
1
4
.
wot Id s
îT^ü":i
Hlpi rim
njiM
iy:.''■:ii7’M
;
— Torm/mcBs
on m •'he theatres iieacilb
jerform ances would you choose to see? Why? Think in terms of your interest in the venue its e lf'
ijl th e genre and the content o f the play, tim e convenience and price affordability.
Venue: Royal Opera Mouse
Event: Lu Boheme
Times: Tuesday I9'!l ai 7.30 pm , Saturday 23,d
at 7 pm
Pricing: £ 9 —£195
Jo h n Copley directs P uccini’s legendary
|: (ale o f love and anguish. S tarring C arm en
llil| G ian n attasio as M imi and Joseph C alleja as
j Rodolfo. C o n d u cted by Semyon Bychkov. Sung
in Italian wjth English subtitles.
|!j|
Venue: Upstairs At The Gatehouse
Event: T h e B ear/ The Telephone/ H an d O f
Bridge
Times: Friday 29"‘ 7.30 pm
Pricing: £14
A perform ance of three pieces. W alton’s The
'iear features the story o f a strange encounter
betw een a widow and her late husband’s
Creditor. M en o tti’s The Telephone follows one
..tan's battle with his w ife’s obsession with this
Invention. B arber's H and O f Bridge tells the
tale o f four troubled card players.
||
|
5
I
Venue: Theatre Royal Drury Lane
Event: Shrek T he Musical
Times: Various tim es during the day. every
itlay except M ondays
Pricing: £20—£65
Shrek The Musical brings the m uch loved
ch aracters from the O scar-w in n in g anim ation
film to life and features all new songs as well
its cult Shrek anthem I ’m a Believer. Join
S hrek, o u r unlikely hero, and his loyal steed
)onkey as they set o ff on a quest to rescue
the beautiful (if slightly tem peram ental)
f r it t e r s Fiopa frojjj her J | p ^ r guarded
■L.Jitri'k
a Fire b reathing lo v esick dragon. O n the stage
o f the h istoric T h eatre, the world o f fairytales
is tu rn ed upside dow n in an all-singing, alld an c in g , irresistible m ix o f adventure, laughler
and rom ance.
il
•a
4RÜ]
Venue: Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre
Event: R ichard III
Times: Tuesday--S aturday 7.30 pm . M atinées
W ednesday and Saturday 2 pm . Sunday 3 pm
Pricing: £ 15—£32. Yard (standing) £5
Acclaim ed ac to r M ark Rylance retu rn s !
to the celebrated role o f R ichard III — the
d eterm in ed D uke o f G lo u cester — w ho battles
ruthlessly to reach his place on th e throne.
H eartlessly betraying anyone that com es
sun
betw een h im self and the crow n. R ichard III
is truly S hakespeare’s m ost wicked bad guy.
T h is production will adhere to the O riginal
P ractices — m eaning it will be perform ed by
an entirely male cast — as it would have been
fis I
in S hakespearean lim es. C lo th in g , m usic,
choreography and settings are explored as if it
w ere being perform ed in 1593.
Venue: Old Vic Theatre
Event: The D uchess O f Malfi
Times: M onday — Saturday 7.30, M atinees
W ednesday and Saturday 2.30 pm
Pricing: £!()—£49.50
Eve Best stars as the widowed Duchess who
m arries her lover against the wishes o f her
brothers, in John W ebster’s tragic masterpiece.
Directed by Jam ie Lloyd, this great Jacobean
tragedy tells the dark and bloody story o f the
recently widowed Duchess as she struggles to
retain strength andkhgnity in the face o f death.
65
U n it 14. All the wot /(.
i ni і їГ і >\ i
VIII. READING AND VOCABULARY
16 A) Work in pairs.
Student A: Read extracts 1, 3, 5 and fill in the table below marking the elem ents of the perform ance
each author mentions.
Student B: Read extracts 2, 4 , 6 and fill in the tab le below marking the elem ents of the perform ance
each author mentions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
In terp retatio n / version
Perform ance o f the prim a
P erform ance o f the soloist
Perform ance o f o th er dancers
O rchestra perform ance
Scenery
C ostum es
Tchaikovsky’s first ballet. Swan L ake is considered by m any to be one o f the greatest classical ballets
o f all tim e. Its rom ance and beauty has allowed the classic ballet to m esm erize audiences for more than
100 years. Bui its first production in Moscow w asn’t well-received. A lthough several versions exist, m ost
ballet com panies stage the ballet according to the choreography o f M arius Petipa and Lev Ivanov for their
St. Petersburg perform ance o f I895. Swan Lake is traditionally presented in four acts. T he first A m erican
production was perform ed by the San Francisco Ballet. Here are som e extracts o f the reviews by m odern
theatrical critics.
REVIEW 1
T his was a Wonderful show, thoroughly enjoyable. T he perform ance was excellent and well deserving of
the standing ovation. H ighly recom m ended.
T his Swan L ake remains a showcase for the M ariinsky’s superb dancing: jum ps high, neat and
im m aculately shaped, arm s heartbreakingly expressive. T he chorus o f Swans, especially in their m om ents
o f collective, lum inous stillness, remains the definition of a living work of art.
The only negative was that we could clearly hear the thud o f the dancers as they landed and the tapping
o f point shoes on the stage, and this took away from the graceful effect som ew hat. T his m ust be an issue
with the stage construction.
REVIEW 2
W hen does a living treasure turn into a museum piece? It’s a question at the heart o f the ballet, and
especially at the heart o f the M ariinsky’s Swan Lake. I’ve always loved this staging, with its fairytale
designs and uncluttered stage. But now, in 201 L it seem s strangely drained of life. T h e story-telling looks
a bit m echanical, and some of the dancers seem to be performing in an emotional vacuum.
O r perhaps it’s the spell cast over the stage by first cast ballerina, U liana L opatkina. L opatkina is.
beyond argum ent, both singular and sublim e. Her exaggeratedly pliant limbs and grandly perform ed adagio
are unmatched by any dancer on the planet. To many, her interpretation o f O dette, a princess locked inside
an en ch an ted tow'er. rem ains definitive.
/
248
C ertain ly there are m om ents where L o p atk in a’s perform ance gives o ff the electric shock o f genius,
her eyes dark flashes o f fear, her d an cin g a slow, exquisite resistance against the P rin c e ’s prom ise o f
freedom .
But there are som e m om ents, too. when she retreats so far inside that tower o f hers that the effect
becom es impassive. Even dancing the black swan Odile, where she is all im perious challenge and sharp
satire. Lopatkina lacks musical spontaneity, and remains strangely unresponsive to the dancers around her
Her partner, D aniil Korsuntsev, has lost his vitality. For the first tim e in my life I was pleased to see
(he Jester, norm ally a hyperactive pain, but here danccd with a nice vivacity by Alexei Nedvigci.
REVIEW 3
T he Bolshoi has survived the Russian revolution, plus tsars, com m issars, glasnost and the econom ic
nd political chaos that accom panied freedom . T hrough it all it has remained a cultural icon, the greatest
classical dance troupe on Ih e world's stages.
For many, Swan L ake is the very definition of classical ballet. T his work has a rather venerable history o f
its own. In o u r own day we have had an all-m ale version out o f G reat Britain and a Swedish gender-bender
in which everybody wears tu tu s and everybody is bald.
The one the Bolshoi brought to Berkeley this week is a m ore traditional reading o f the tale o f
the doom ed love o f a prince and an enchanted sw an/m aiden. C reated by form er Bolshoi artistic director
Yuri G rigorovich in 1969, it becam e som e instant food for thought. C ontroversial at the tim e was
G rigorovich’s attem pt to add a psychological dim ension to the proceedings. But, in this perform ance it
was less about psychology and m ore about dancing. And w hat dancing! From the P rin ce’s first entrance
in a series of heart-stopping leaps to the final fluttering o f the swans, the Bolshoi fully lived up to its nam e,
-h ic h translates from Russian as ‘Big.’
The corps, som e 100 strong, didn’t make a false step. T he soloists did exquisite work, especially the five
pretty princesses fighting for the P rince's affections. T he Four Little Swans brought the house down with
their precision and form. A nother nicc G rigorovich touch was m ixing up the white swans with the black in
the final scene.
And now to the m ain event. H er nam e is O dette when she is w earing a white tutu and O dile in black.
D anced exquisitely by N adezhda G racheva, she was ethereal and m ournful in the first incarnation and all
confidence and m astery in the second, everything you would expect a Bolshoi prim a ballerina to be and
perhaps a little more.
b
REVIEW 4
T his was an adaptation o f the fam ous Russian ballet specifically designed by the English Youth Ballet
to accommodate hordes of talented schoolchildren from around the region in the classic story.
At tim es there were m ore than 70 youngsters on stage at the sam e tim e and it was a tribute to their skill,
discipline, and sheer m em ory that they were no collisions o r trips.
T he ensem ble perform ance from young dancers aged from eight to 18 was incredibly im pressive given
they have been in rehearsal for only a few weeks.
M ore than 100 students locally were chosen from alm ost 300 hopefuls, in clu d in g -33 from the Black
C ountry and Staffordshire.
The scale o f the production was im m ense and the costum es were fabulous, providing, in tu rn ,
a kaleidoscope o f colour an d a sea o f w hite tulle.
Special m ention should go to the choreography — spectacular in its pageantry — and giving everyone
plenty o f stage tim e while tolerating no betw een-scene hold-ups.
The principal dancers Ju lian n e R ice-O xley as white swan O dette, Oliver Speers as P rince Sergei and
E m m a Lister as the black swan. Princess Odile; were effortlessly elegant.
249
REVIEW 5
Swan L ake at The Everyman provided C h e lte n h a m ’s theatre-g<>ers with an evening of magical
entertainment th at proved an overw helm ingly p o p u lar p e rfo rm a n c e ' o f plentiful plies and perfect
pirouettes! T he sta g f was alm ost as packed as the auditorium w hen the M oscow C ity Ballet com pany
piro u etted in to T he F verym an T h eatre in Jan u a ry — for a breathtaking performance o f one o f the w orld's
best loved ballets. Sw an Luke.
Set to Tchaikovsky’s timeless score the audience, well-versed in Swan Lake's unforgettable m usic, would
have been h um m ing along with the ballet’s m em orable m elodies had it not been for the stylish grace and
athletic dexterity exem plified by Moscow City Ballet's dancers — which left most open-mouthed.
R e-telling the rom antic tale o f P rince Siegfried's undying love for the Swan Q ueen. O dette, the petite
female principle A nastasia G ubanova was perfect, and the male principle Talgat Kazhabayev com m anded
the siage with royal authority, leaving the audience suitably enthralled.
O th er dancers o f note included the H ungarian; Spanish. N capoletan and Polish Brides who all showed
sparkle du rin g th eir m om ents in the spotlights, whilst the Jester added doses o f hum our to the plot.
The four little swans perform ing perhaps the m ost well-know n part o f the ballet lacked a little personality
in th eir dance, but performed with uniformed discipline.
Perform ing w ithin the conventional boundaries o f choreography, under the direction o f V ictor SmirnowGolovanov, the M oscow City Ballet stuck to th eir well-received traditional Russian approach to the
classic — a tim eless touch which m ade us im agine we could have been w atching the sam e scenes unfold in
a Russian palace several centuries ago. and the live orchestra added to this authenticity.
REVIEW 6
Swan Lake has often been called the world’s m ost famous ballet. Perhaps it would be m ore accurate
to say it's the ballet world's m ost fam ous title. Swan Lake has been refashioned, deconstructed an d g en crallv
fooled around with to the extent it bears little resem blance to the original, which reputedly was nothing
to write home about.
So what is the Swan Lake M oscow’s legendary Bolshoi Ballet opened at the Sony C entre on Tuesday
evening, after an inexcusably long, 33-year absence?
Perhaps, for som e, it will seem m ore or less traditional. But this G rigorovich'sversioti o f Swan Lake is
less about a swan and a lake thart about a m an struggling w ith his own psyche in a po-contest battle with
Fate. Add to this G rigorovich’s apparent aversion (o clear dance narrative and you have a dramatically flawed
Swan Lake that balances between the appearance of tradition and a modernist trend for semi-abstraction
th a t’s echoed in designer Sim on V irsaladze’s sets.
T h e B olshoi, for all its h e a d lin e -m a k in g in te rn a l c o n flic ts , re m a in s a w o rld -class co m p an y and
even if th e sw itch es betw een the ‘re a l’ w orld o f P rin c e S ie g fried ’s p a la c e life an d the ice b lu e-lit
scen es o f his im a g in a tio n b eco m e co n fu sin g , the d a n c in g is m ore th a n en o u g h to m ake th is a ballet
to a d m ire .
U nder norm al circum stances the dual role o f O dette/O dile com m ands the ballet. But G rigorovich’s
feathery beauty has little to work with. The prince is given so m uch more to do th at it ends up bem g
the p rince's ballet.
16
B) Student A.
and negative
explanations.
Student B.
and negative
explanations.
250
Read reviews 2, 4, 6 and divide the highlighted phrases into those that render positive
evaluation. Explain the meaning of the phrases to your partner. Listen to his/ her
Read reviews 1, 3, 5 and divide the highlighted phrases into those that render positive
evaluation. Explain the meaning of the phrases to your partner. Listen to his/ her
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U n it f4 . All the world's a stage
Each art has term s of its own. M atch the following ballet term s with their Ukrainian equivalents.
----1.
tuiu
а.
б ал етн а трупа
2.
p rim a ballerina
1).
п арти тура
3.
corps
с.
п уан ти
4.
score
(1.
со л істк а, я к а в и к о н у є головну партію
5.
rehearsal
е.
соліст, я к и й ви к он ує головну партію
6.
troupe
Г.
пачка
7.
point shoe
8.
m ale principal
кордебалет
її.
р еп ети ц ія
^ 0 Translate into English.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Т а н ц ів н и к и кордебалету не зр о б и л и
ж одного х и б н о ю кроку і ви к о н у в ал и
всі тан ц і з у н ік ал ь н о ю точністю .
В истава засл у говувал а па о вац ію
сто ячи .
«Ж ивий» о р кестр д одавав виставі
ав тен ти ч н о сті.
С олісти в и к о н у в ал и ф іл ігр а н н у
роботу.
Версія ц ього бал етм ей стера п о єд н ал а
т р а д и ц ій н и й п ідхід і м одерн и стську
т ен д ен ц ію до н ап ів а б с тр ак и ії.
6.
7.
8.
9.
М ай стерн ість т а н ц ів н и к ів одеського
м іського балету за л и ш и л а гл яд аи ьк у
ауди торію з в ід к р и ти м и ротам и.
Валет переробляли так багато разів, що
сучасна вистава мало нагадує оригінал.
Б ал етн і т а н ц ів н и к и , на ж аль, н ія к
не п р о яв и л и власну особ и стість,
і вистава п ер етв о р и л ася з ж и вого
скарбу на м у зей н и й експонат.
К л аси ч н и й б ал ет передбачає п ачки
і п уан ти я к у с о л іс тк и , так і у всієї
труп и.
IX. READING
19 Read the tex t and decide if the statem ents are true
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(T) or false (F).
T he experts are not un an im o u s as to the origin o f the theatre.
T he first known theatres were built by ancient Romans.
T he first theatres built on the level land appeared in Medieval Europe.
D uring the M iddle Ages religious plays were staged only in churches.
T he theatre o f the tim e o f Shakespeare looked mostly like m odern theatre
buildings.
No plot in S hakespeare’s plays is original.
P u ritans condem ned and banned theatre activities.
In com edia dell' arte the characters were usually the same.
The G erm an dram atists o f the 19th century belonged mostly to the realistic
trend.
Nowadays one can see plays o f different genres by dram atists o f various
theatrical movements.
Origins of Theatre
5
10
15
20
25
3fl
It is not su rp risin g th a t m a n y th eories about
the orig in o f th e th e a tre have been a d v a n c e d but.
un fortu nately, n o n e c a n be fully verified since
m uch o f this p rocess o c c u r r e d before the daw n
o f recorded history. Still most h isto ria n s believe
th a t th e a tre developed from m y th a n d ritual.
T h e first th e a tre s we kn ow a b o u t were built
by a ncient G reeks. T h e ir th e a tre s were not m uch
like ours. T h e y were all o u tdo ors. T h e seats were
on a sloping hillside. T h e stage was a circle o f
grass. At first the G re e k th e a tre s were used not
for plays but for songs a n d d a n c e s in h o n o u r
o f th e G re e k gods. T h e songs were sung by a
c h o ru s a n d they told different stories o f the gods.
G ra d u a lly m e m b e rs o f th e c h o ru s began to act
out som e episodes. T h is was the b e g in n in g o f
real plays. L ater G re e k writers, such as Aeschylus
a n d A ris to p h a n e s, w rote so m e o f the best plays
tha t have ever been w ritten.
Even a fter real plays a p p e are d , the G re e k
th eatres re m a in e d o u td o o rs. T h e re were no
c u rta in s. T h e r e were no footlights. T h e re was
a lm o st no scenery except a background. But there
were a few stage m a c h in e s. O n e was for m a k in g
th under. A n o t h e r was for lifting up a c to rs w ho
were playing the p a rts o f gods. T h e a c to rs in
a ncient G r e e k plays always wore masks.
T h e R o m a n s borro w ed the ideas for the ir
th e atre from the G re e k s, but they built big
th e atre s on level land. E ach row o f seats was
raised above th e row in front so tha t everyone
c o u ld see. R o m a n w riters w rote a lot o f plays.
However, th e R o m a n s c a m e to like c h a rio t races
252
and fights between men and wild anim als better
than plays. Plays were given up. For centuries
there were alm ost no plays and actors in Europe.
A lthough, all this while there were plays and
actors in C h in a and India.
D uring the M iddle Ages the people of
Europe becam e interested in acting again. Plays
som ewhat like present days pageants (acting
out religious and historical events) were given
in churches. M any o f these perform ances told
stories from the Bible. Not until the late M iddle
Ages were perform ances o f religious plays given
outside o f churches. But once the transition was
m ade, productions becam e extrem ely elaborate,
often extending for m any days and draw ing
on the resources o f the entire com m unity. As
in G reece and Rome, the theatre becam e once
more a cooperative effort of church, state, and
citizens.
M any o f the m odern ideas o f plays and o f
actin g developed in Italy, F rance, and E ngland.
T he developm ent o f a public professional
theatre in Italy was co n n e cted with comedia
dell'arte (com edy o f professional players).
T he two fu n d am en tal characteristics o f comedia
dell 'arte were improvisation and stock characters
T he actors worked from the plot ou tlin e, on
the basis o f w hich they im provised dialogue
and action, and each perform er always played
the sam e ch a rac te r with its fixed attributes and
costu me.
A long with regular theatres sm all movable
theatres becam e popular. T here were show boats
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
U n it 14* A
on rivers and caravan shows on land. In som e
: the movable theatres the actors were puppets.
In the m iddle o f the 16th century in England
і
>oeral
dram atists appeared
who bridged
the gap between the learned and popular
audiences. T heir successful blending o f classical
.And medieval devices with com pelling stories
drawn from many sources established foundations
..t'on which Shakespeare and his contem poraries
built Not until the time o f Shakespeare did plays
and theatres com e to be anything like ours. Even
m Shakespeare's lime no women ever acted in
plays. W om en's parts were played by boys.
Shakespeare is credited with thirty-eight
plays m ost o f which were based on borrowed
-lories (history, m ythology, fiction, plays etc)
"Hit the playwright reworked them until they
becam e distinctly his own. A pparent diversity is
e given unity: a num ber o f plots are interwoven,
the action ranges freely in tim e and space, and
the enorm ous range o f characters appear as
living individuals rather than mere stage figures.
Shakespeare was by far the most com prehensive,
н sensitive, and dram atically effective playwright
o f his day and, maybe, o f all times.
T he theatrical history in the 17lh and I8!h
centuries was stormy. P uritans sought to stam p
out all theatrical activity, in the period o f
«? R estoration the theatres were legalized again
but plays had to pass the scrutiny of a censor.
a
stscie
C onsequently, playgoers were offered more
plays from the past than from recent years, and
new plays constituted the sm allest portion of
the repertory.
The 19,h century brought radical political and
social changes. In theatre history first rom anticism
with its idealistic views and yearnings for a natural
m an dom inated, especially in plays by G erm an
dram atists, and then realism began to rcplace the
rom antic vision. The m ain slogans o f realism were:
art must dcpict truthfully the real world, truth
can be attained only through direct observation,
only contem porary life can be directly observed,
the observer should be im personal and objective,
T he 20,h cen tu ry with its huge social changes,
wars and revolutions, and the beginning
o f ihe 21s1 century brought about quite a lot
o f theatrical experim ents resulting in stu n n in g
diversity o f th eatrical genres and form s.
A rtistic m ovem ents cam e and went away w ith
bew ildering rapidity. All the technological
m eans o f the space age were adapted for
theatrical purposes, barriers betw een arts were
broken dow n, and multimedia events o f all sorts
began to flourish.
But in spite o f all experim ents, o f the deve­
lopm ents in cinem a, video. TV. there are ardent
theatre-goers T here are great plays, great
directors and great actors who make spectators
feel a real magic o f the theatre.
20 Explain the highlighted words and phrases from the te x t in your own words.
21
Give a brief outline of the history of the theatre dwelling upon the following points:
Period o f tim e
Features o f the theatre design
P redom inant kind o f plays
A ttitude to theatre productions
Any specifics you want to underline
100
105
no
115
120
125
—
U n it 14. All the world's a s ta g e -------------------------------------------------------
X. LISTENING ■ ■
■ ■
■ ■ ■
■ ■
■ ■ ■
22 Listen to the tour guide who is talking about the Globe theatre and com plete the sentences.
At the G lobe theatre the perform ances were usually done during the afternoon since there was no
l)
The area 2)
into the air was called 'flies.’
where a rope and pulley were set up and actors were lifted
T he m ost im portant part o f the perform ance was 3 ) ________________________
4 ) __________________________ was used to sym bolize the death on the stage.
5)
perform ed that day.
were raised to let people know w hat kind o f play was to be
The cheapest ticket cost 6 ) __________________________ .
D uring the perform ance the spectators could walk around, eat roasted hazelnuts and drink
7 ) __________________________ and cider.
T he audience booed at 8)
and cheered for the good ones.
_____________actors because acting was not
In Shakespeare's tim e there were no 9 ) _______________
considered as an honourable job for women.
T he costum es o f the noble characters were m ade of I0) _
the lower class representatives wore the clothing made o f II)
or lace whereas
and linen.
U n it 14. All the world's a stage —
XI. SPEAKING
OO Student A is sharing his/her impressions about the perform ance of the touring company in their city/
town with Student B and they are planning another visit to the theatre. M ake up a dialogue following
the instructions.
STU D EN T A
1.
You want to share an exciting
piece of news with Student B.
You were lucky to get
a ticket for the perform ance
o f the touring com pany in
your city / town.
Respond with enthusiasm .
\
Give your im presjjens about
the plot, acting, sdfenic
effects, music. Praise
the work o f one of the theatre
professionals, you adm ired
most.
STU D EN T B
1.
■■
2.
Ask what Sludei& A liked
most about the play.
"*
3.
Ht.
,i*
Ask what seat Student
A had and if he/she was
gfë&sed'wirh it atld Why.
Saj/ how oftjeh you
attend ifiealirc
productions and speak
bout your preferences
inds o îî^ e a tre s .
genres, actors, ctc).
5.
Agree and choose
the event and the dale.
Suggest buying tickets.
6.
Suggest going
som ewhere before or
after the perform ance.
Suggest going to the theatre
together and discuss what
perform ance you could see.
T h a n k Student B
and discuss the seats
vou can afford.
L
if futjuuwtt i t j MitiVrn
Give th e answer: M ention
the only one thing you j |P ||
were disappointed with — 1"
the person next to you
w as.breaking the ruies o f . ^
behaviour d u rin g
tlie perform ances D esert
w,hat;. he/she was !ti
wronu. Ask Student B if
she often g 9 .es
to Lhe'thearrte
6.
Express your interest and
ask questions to find out
m ore inform ation about
what com pany it was
and where the event took
XII. WRITING
24 W rite
a le tte r to your friend. Tell him what theatrical event you are going to attend at the w eekend.
Compare the favourable review you read about it and your g ro u p -m ates’ poor impressions
of the perform ance. W hat are your expectations a fte r such contradictory comments? Promise
to w rite about your impressions next w eek.
255
U n it
1
4
.
XII. REVISION TRANSLATION
25 Translate into English.
1.
Немає нічого кращ ого за ж иву
театральну виставу, як а збагачує вас
інтелектуально, емоційно і духовно.
В театрі — на відм іну від кіно
або телебачення — кож на вистава
у н ік ал ьн а, тому що глядачі кож ного
разу привносять різні очікування і
відчуття, різний рівень сприйнятливості.
О дним із головних завдань театру є
надати можливість побачити світ з різних
сторін і дізнатися про різноманітні точки
зору і способи життя. Але д еяк і лю ди
ходять до театру тільки заради розваги
або щоб уникнути буденності. Я кою б не
була причи на, театр все ще залиш ається
можливістю розширити горизонти поза
межі повсякденного життя.
2.
Театр — цс результат співпраці багатьох
теа т р ал ь н и х р о б ітн и к ів , м етою я к и х
є сп р ав и ти на гл яд ач ів н ай си л ь н іш е і
н ай біл ьш зн ачущ е враж ен н я.
Т ак, продюсер відп овідає за збір коштів
д л я зд ій сн ен н я театр ал ь н о ї
п остан ови; режисер відп овідає за всі
творчі елем ен ти сп ек такл ю ; художникдекоратор і реквізитор зай м аю ться
розробкою ескізів та макетів декорацій,
а тако ж п ідбором і виготовленням
усього реквізиту, н еобхідн ого д л я
вистави. Художники по світлу зн аю ть,
я к н ай к р ащ е в и кори стовувати
о св ітл ен н я , ш об створити певну
атмосферу або настрій. Художник
по костюмах відп овід ає за д и за й н
ко стю м ів і аксесуарів д л я того, щ об
підкреслити риси характеру персонажів.
Хоча т еа тр ал ь н а п о стан о в к а
ск л а д а єт ь ся з б агатьох ко м п о н ен тів,
так и х як простір сцени, декорації,
костюми, освітлення, звук і текст,
її о сн о в н и м и ск л ад о в и м и є актори
та п у бл іка. А ктори вди хаю ть ж и ття
в п ер со н аж ів на сц ен і, аналізуючи
сценарій, запам’ятовуючи роль
і демонструючи відданість режисеру
і його баченню п’єси.
256
К о р о л ів ська О пера — це одна
3 найбільш шанованих, культових та
ч арівн и х театральних сцен Л он дон а,
та її варто відвідати, навіть як щ о
ви не є ш а н у в ал ь н и к о м б ал ету або
опери. Ф асад, фойє і глядацька зала
існ ую ть ще з 1858 року, але усі інш і
елем ен ти будівлі сучасного театру
зазн ал и суттєвої р ек о н с тр у к ц ії
в 1990-ті роки . К о рол івська О пера
вм іщ ує більш е 2000 гл яд ач ів та має
4 яруси лож, балконів та галерею.
Авансцена за в ш и р ш к и 12,20 м етрів та
зав в и ш к и 14,80 метрів. Глядацька зала
дуж е ви сока і має тр а д и ц ій н у ф орм у
п ід кови , так що є багато р ізн и х м ісць,
з я к и х добре видно сцену. Н ай к ращ е
ви д н о сц ен у з сер ед и н и партеру
і бельетажу. Трохи гірш е видн о сцену
з б окових м ісц ь у партері і балкону
першого ярусу. Ц ін а на к в и тк и може
варію вати ся від 4 до 200 ф ун тів.
Загал ьн е правило: чим краш е місце,
ти м вищ е ц ін а. М ісц я у партері,
бельетажі та ложах н ай біл ьш д орож чі,
але ч асто н аявн і квитки по знижених
цінах.
\
4.
Н еп ід вл асн а часу п остан овка
н ай ул ю б л ен іш ого балету Ч ай ковського
Л ускунчик у в и к о н а н н і К орол івської
б ал етн о ї труп и була чудовою
і заслуговувала на овацію стоячи.
Д воє тал ан о в и ти х солістів
продемонстрували вишуканість у
в и к о н ан н і ряду стрибків, від яких
завмирало серце, і підтримок, від яких
захоплювало подих. Т ан ц ю р и сти були
н ад зв и ч ай н о ел ега н тн и м и і ви ш у кан о
гр ац іо зн и м и і дуже вразили публіку.
Ця вистава п одарувала глядачам вечір
чарівної насолоди.