`
CAFETERIA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(A Case Study of White Rhino Hotel)
BY
STANLEY KABIA WANGECI
BIT-1-6848-3/2011
A research project Submitted To Kenya Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment For
The Award Degree In Bachelors Of Business Information Technology
MARCH 2015
1
DECLARATION
This research project, which is my original work, has not been presented for a degree in any
other University. No part of this research may be reproduced without the prior permission of the
author and/or KEMU.
STANLEY KABIA WANGECI
_________________
Sign
Department
___________
Date
(Computing and Informatics)
Declaration by the Supervisor(s)
This project has been submitted for examination with our approval as University Supervisors.
1. CYPRIAN MAVINDU
_________________
Sign
Department
Date
(Computing and Informatics)
2. CHRIS NDAMBUKI
_________________
Sign
Department
___________
____________
Date
(Computing and Informatics)
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The completion of this project could have been a more difficult task without the encouragement
and useful suggestions extended to me by my friends and colleagues. I wish to extend my
gratitude to all those who contributed greatly by their support and above all making my project
successful. My gratitude goes to Mr. Mavindu and Mr. Ndambuki who evaluated the project and
gave me valuable suggestions from a lecturer’s point of view. My colleagues who were brave
enough to take risk by participating in the research so that I could have first hand information.
Finally, the ultimate responsibility of writing this project was entirely mine and will welcome
suggestions and criticism.
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ABSTRACT
The proposed Catering Management Information System is a web application that will manage
data in the white Rhino Catering department. Cafeteria management system will have the ability
to create a food menu items, create a desktop application that will generate orders, generate bill
slips and store the purchased products for preparing the meals and calculate the output after
selling the meals and show the difference per cost of the different dishes i.e. the profit/loss
incurred. The cafeteria management system will allow the department head to access into system
and know which meals will be served any day, who is preparing. The system will also enable
retrieval of historical data like answer the question “who prepared the meals on which day from
database. The application will be accessed from a browser from anywhere.
iv
DEDICATION
I dedicate this project to my Mother for her financial and moral support and my family
members for his constant encouragement that has led to the success of this project.
v
Contents
DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................. iv
DEDICATION .............................................................................................................................................. v
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Background of the study. .................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Problem statement. .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 Objectives of the study. ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Justification of the study. .................................................................................................................... 2
1.6 Area scope of the study. ...................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 Limitations of the study ...................................................................................................................... 3
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 General Review. .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Logistic Management theory. ............................................................................................................. 4
2.3 Electronic Billing theory. ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Financial reporting Theory.................................................................................................................. 7
2.5 Proprietary theory............................................................................................................................... 9
2.6
Operations management Theory. ................................................................................................ 10
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 11
3.0 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Introduction. ...................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Methodology: Waterfall .................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Waterfall Methodology. .................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Justification. ...................................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Research design. ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.6 Target population. ............................................................................................................................ 12
Table 3.6.0 Target population. ............................................................................................................ 13
3.7 Sample design and procedure. .......................................................................................................... 14
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3.8 Developement tools.......................................................................................................................... 14
3.9 Data collection instruments and procedure ....................................................................................... 14
4.0 Data analysis and reporting. ............................................................................................................. 14
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................................ 15
APPENDIX 1:QUESTIONNAIRE ..................................................................................................... 15
APPEDIX II:BUDGET ....................................................................................................................... 16
APPEDIX III:PROJECT SCHEDULE. .............................................................................................. 16
APPENDIX IV : REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 18
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The White Rhino Hotel has been in operation since 1913. It has a rich heritage dating back to the
colonial times when the white settlers established it to be their choice for accommodation and
entertainment.
Located within Nyeri town Centre, this hotel affords easy access to the town's administration
offices, banks and other social amenities. Throughout your stay, the hotel’s friendly and
proficient staff will do all they can to meet all your needs, to ensure that your stay is a
memorable one. This newly refurbished hotel has an enviable reputation for its friendly service,
comfort and bespoke elegance. The newly refurbished hotel now offers modern facilities that
meet the customers every day needs, the eleven tastefully furnished rooms, 3 restaurants, 3 bars,
2 conference rooms and a large well manicured lawn are a true testimony of the artistic
refurbishment. Dining at The White Rhino Hotel is just one of the pleasures to experience here
with a selection of dishes prepared by the Head Chef renowned for his fine food and imaginative
cuisine. Extensive use of local produce and other seasonal items combined with an interesting
wine list makes dining in the restaurant a memorable event.
The white Rhino hotel.26th Jan,2016.Retrieved from http://www.enhols.com/whiteRhino HotelNyeri.
1.2 Background of the study.
White Rhino remains one of the most preferable Hotels in Central parts of Kenya, meaning more
customers flow in everyday and the numbers keep increasing day by day. Work load has also
increased and expectations of customers flowing in the hotel are so high. They expect super
quality service from the Hotel. Due to this it has come to the realization that in order to maintain
the high standards of the hotel and its reputation, there must be an adoption of a system that will
help the hotel maintain a healthy competition in the market. A cafeteria management system in
place would ensure that the hotel survives in the market very comfortably.
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1.3 Problem statement.
Over the last two years there has been cases of malpractice in the hotel.Accounting Files are
easily accessible to any one which are very sensitive since if in the wrong hands one can commit
fraud. This affects the management directly, in that avoidable losses do occur. Security will be a
priority while coming up with the system..If the problem is not solved, it would lead to severe
losses. The current manual system in place gives room for such undesirable outcomes and should
be updated.
1.4 Objectives of the study.
1.Create food menu items.
2.Create a desktop application that will generate orders.
3.To generate bill slips.
4.Create receipts and store them in a database.
5.Generate routine statement reports.
1.5 Justification of the study.
The current system is not computerized thus the system will be developed in order to help the
management team run the Hotel effectively and efficiently. By comparing the manual system in
place, the new system will break down the complexity of retrieving, updating and interpreting
data and this will only be possible by coming up with a systematic database where information
will be stored and thus generating reports will be easy. Therefore anybody in a position to access
the system, of which not just anybody, but authorized persons will have an easy time doing so.
Without the system in place files will be accessible to anyone. To make sure the right people get
to access the system passwords will be implemented. Without the computerized system in place
the management of the hotel will not be able to take timely orders and provide timely services all
together since the system is also meant to break down the complexity of retrieving ,updating and
interpreting data.
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1.6 Area scope of the study.
The research will be carried out in The white Rhino Hotel in Nyeri.It has a rich heritage dating
back to the colonial times when the white settlers established it to be their choice for
accommodation and entertainment. This research will help to investigate and analyze on
Customer delivery services, storage of data and retrieval of data.
1.7 Limitations of the study
Among the many reasons that will hinder this research one of them would include users of the
newly proposed system not being conversant with computers. In this sector most people or
potential end users are only equipped with knowledge concerning Hotels or rather food and
beverages. This means for the system to be in place and work effectively and efficiently, the end
users must be compacted with basic knowledge on Computers and how the system works.
Among the many attributes of man, Man is resistant to change and trying to convince the
management to adopt the new system will pause an expected challenge.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General Review.
Building of Cafeteria Management Information System started years back. During those times
they were no serious management systems that could organize the task well enough according to
the growing population. Many researchers came in the field to try and come up with new
advanced systems to cater for the large population in the restaurants but it was all in vain. Some
tried and came up with a lot of theories Which will be included below.
2.2 Logistic Management theory.
This focus worked well until the mid-1900s, In her article Marerro(1993), " according to
Theodore Stank, associate professor of logistics and supply chain management at Michigan State
University, "when people started thinking about logistics in the context of systems theory.
Systems logistic theory espouses managing an enterprise or organization as an integrated whole
for total optimal performance—lowest total costs and optimum service level, for example—as
opposed to managing discrete functions individually for lowest costs.
According to Evers(1999), "When you minimize cost in one area, they often go up somewhere
else. If you ship by rail, you may reduce your transportation costs, but your inventory carrying
and packaging costs go up."
This kind of sub-optimization is a by-product of a functional orientation, explains Ed Marien,
professor and program director, Executive Education, School of Business, University of
Wisconsin.
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At the same time, a major shift in how organizations viewed customer service began to take hold.
Companies started to compete on the basis of customer service, and logistics naturally played a
vital role in making such service both possible and profitable. Businesses learned that by
combining the two approaches effectively, they could offer competitive service at a lower total
cost than their competitors, and thus gain an advantage.
In today’s changing business environment, there is an increased focus on delivering value to the
customer at the cheapest possible costs Hotel companies, both big and small, must focus on how
to offer products and services while keeping costs low. The current recession has affected
businesses from all over the world, including the hotel industry (Brodsky 2009). A well
established logistics and supply chain management system can help the hotel industry give
individual hotel companies a sustainable competitive advantage. The use of the right logistics
and supply chain strategies helps not to only improve the quality and service of the hotel
company, but drive down costs.
Companies like Amazon and Wal-Mart, two of the world's largest retailers, continue to grow
due to the way they use their logistics and supply chain management to reduce costs and in turn
to provide products and services at a lower cost to customers(Bonney, 2012). Both companies
continue to thrive while their competitors, such as Best Buy and Sears struggle to stay alive.
This research will focus on the role logistics and supply chain management plays in the
Hotel industry and the impact its practices have on the performance of hotel companies through
Costs reduction practices and properly managing its logistics and supply chain.
For example Hilton Hotels have implemented logistics and supply chain practices in the
company’s operations to help save costs. According to Don Miller, regional director of supply
management for Hilton, “Ten years ago, we were behind the curve compared to other hotel
companies” (Terry, 2007,p.2). Hilton was typically faced with the challenge of dealing with
different suppliers and distributors in their operations. Logistics and supply chain
management are usually used at operational, tactical, and strategic levels in the retail,
automotive, health care and manufacturing industries. The hotel industry can benefit
from the comprehensive and integrated practices of logistics and supply chain management, by
delivering a consistently reliable and high quality service at the best costs
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.
2.3 Electronic Billing theory.
Electronic billing services are one of the most promising new tools of business-to-business
electronic commerce (Haschka, 2002). Seeing that today’s business leaders are more compelled
than ever to streamline their business processes in order to cut costs and improve efficiencies
across all parts of their business according to Ulrich (2002). The primary focus has been on
improving internal business processes while the next wave of process improve meant focus on
the inefficiencies surrounding the transactions and information exchange between companies.
Effective connections between a company’s internal business process and their business partners
will realize dramatic improvements in business performance, reducing paperwork while
increasing access to valuable information.
Gurau, Ranchhod and Hackney (2001) establish that the introduction of new computer
technology and e-commerce have made it possible to improve many processes in companies. Ecommerce is expected to cause far reaching changes in the way business is conducted and the
way companies interface with their customers according to Andrieu (2001). Gurau et al.
(2001) explains that the Internet can work as a source of information, a communication tool and
a distribution channel for products and services. Moreover, the Internet is considered a
revolutionary tool for the development of commercial transactions based on its advantages of
increased speed, interaction and flexibility. Additionally, buyers and sellers can access and
contact each other directly, potentially eliminate some of the marketing costs and constraints
imposed by such interactions in the earthly world. This may also have effect of shrinking the
channel and thereby reduce the time it takes to complete business transactions. To ensure the
future of e-commerce, secure electronic payments system and online banking facilities needs to
be developed (Andrieu, 2001). Andrieu (2001) maintain secure online payment systems to be the
single most important element of the e-commerce infrastructure. Hence, without electronic
payments, e-commerce is unlikely to take off.A transformation is taking place as the world is
changing from a paper-based money world to an electronic money world. Nevertheless, even
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though the largest part of money is held in electronic form, consumers as well as a majority of
businesses still rely on paper money for most of their daily transactions.
This theory helps us understand that there is an incorporation of a host of features for a variety of
businesses like hotels, petrol pumps, groceries, bakeries, etc.
It will give you the high performance and reliability on a state of the art hardware platform and
lets you automate your business with ease. Electronic cash registers offers the Hotel or Cafeteria
numerous benefits including tracking customer transactions and speeding checkout time.. Even
low-cost cash registers include functions to record sales, calculate change, provide price look-ups
and print customer receipts. Generally, electronic cash registers include software in the basic cost
that allows you to charge the correct sales tax, run reports and identify sales by employee. Those
that offer more advanced options often require you to purchase a separate software program
depending on what type of records your business keeps. Security is another advantage. The cash
drawer on an electronic cash register automatically locks, allowing only authorized users to log
in with a password. In this context it will Help the Cafeteria Credit Score. When your bills are
set up to be automatically paid, you should rarely miss a payment or be delinquent. These are
two things that can majorly hurt the cafeteria credit score. In fact, when credit scoring agencies
see that your bills are always paid on time, it helps your credit score by keeping it high or
boosting it to a higher bracket.
2.4 Financial reporting Theory.
Accounting theory is a material field in Accounting. Historically, accounting predates monetary
economy. This was precisely, in the era of barter economy (i.e. exchange of goods for goods)
when transactions were not only pre-determined by measurement but also by exchange values.
The Trade by barter period was characterized by measurement inequality, cumbersome in terms
of production variety and coupled with the problem of coincidence of wants, were all-inherent in
barter economy.
However, the development of accounting theory was to ameliorate the inherent problems
encountered in barter economy,unlike monetary economy. It is pertinent to understand the
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meaning, scope and application of a theory in humanities and management sciences in order to
appreciate the work of accounting theory.
According to American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), (1970) is a structure
that unifies the underlying logic or system of reasoning. Such theoretical structure, though
abstracts from the complexities of the real world is designed to achieve a level of simplicity
necessary for analysis.
Osuala (2005), like Okoye (2003) views the financial theories as an attempt at synthesizing,
interacting and integrating empirical data for maximum clarification and unification.
Dr. Theodore Osuala
added that every individual has a number of personal theories based on
postulates and assumptions of varying degrees of adequacy and truth from which he makes
deductions of various degrees of crucially and of course of accuracy. It will be useful to state that
the word 'theory' is used at different levels even in the history of accounting. Accounting theory
may mean purely speculative interpretations or empirical explanations of events for economic
decisions. Accounting theory is defined as a cohesive set of conceptual, hypothetical and
pragmatic proposition explaining and guiding the accountant’s actions in identifying, measuring
and communicating economic information to users of financial statement, (American Accounting
Association (A.A.A). 1966).Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki (2008) state that accounting theory consist
of the basic assumptions, definitions, principles and concepts and how they are derived.
Financial Reporting provides financial information for external users and the wider stakeholders
of financial statements, enabling them to assess the risks and returns of investment opportunities,
in order to make economic decisions. This research will explore financial accounting principles
that support the international accounting standards on which financial statements are prepared;
whilst the significance of the fundamental principles that underpin the drafting and revision of
appropriate international accounting standards will be evaluated.
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2.5 Proprietary theory
Two forms of proprietary theory are the traditional proprietary view and the residual equity view.
Proprietary theory sees the main functions of financial accounting as the determination of the
increase in the shareholders or residual equity holders’ wealth and providing information to
equity holders more than to any other possible stakeholders.
By following basic accounting principles, hotel owners and managers have the information they
need to identify trends before they can have a negative impact on the business. They can reduce
expenses, readily accommodate anticipated peak business times, and scale back operations
during slow periods. Rather than relying on intuition and reacting to events, successful owners
have the financial facts they need on a daily basis to proactively make the right decisions at the
right time.Staying on top of the hotel financials also provides an accurate measurement of
management performance in every operational area and gives owners a mechanism to see where
they stand against the competition.
The keys to financial success include an annual budget, detailed financial tracking model,
ongoing audits, and reporting structure that keep profit and loss information at the manager's
fingertips. Financial success is also driven by accountability, making employees and managers
responsible for achieving financial goals in their respective functional area. Owners must have in
place the personnel capable of dissecting the financial information and acting on it in a timely
and proficient manner. Without this information, it is quite possible to have an area of deficient
performance that goes unrecognized and creates a drain on profits.Van Mourik, Carien (2010).
Equity theories and financial reporting: past, present and future. In: 22nd Annual Conference on
Accounting, Business & Financial History, 6-7 September 2010, Cardiff.
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2.6 Operations management Theory.
Theory of constraints (TOC).
This is a management paradigm that views any manageable system as being limited in achieving
more of its goals by a very small number of constraints. There is always at least one constraint,
and TOC uses a focusing process to identify the constraint and restructure the rest of the
organization around it.
The Theory of Constraints is a methodology for identifying the most important limiting factor
(i.e. constraint) that stands in the way of achieving a goal and then systematically improving that
constraint until it is no longer the limiting factor. In manufacturing, the constraint is often
referred to as a bottleneck.
The Theory of Constraints.17th Feb2016.Retrieved from http://www.leanproduction.com/theoryof-constraints.html
Eliyahu Moshe Goldratt authored several business novels one which included: Theory of
Constraints Handbook(1994), mainly on the application of the theory of constraints to various
manufacturing, engineering, and other business processes. Dr. Goldratt created and developed
the Theory of Constraints (TOC), an overall framework for helping organizations and individuals
to determine:

What to change- find the average point

What to change to – create the simple , practical solutions

How to cause the change- build a secure and stable improvement environment.
In the past two decades (Since 1995), hotel managers have made money differently than other
businesses. Lodging is an industry that has benefited from its ability to increase prices to offset
sharp gains in operating expenses. Therefore, if revenues are going to grow at a more modest
pace, operators must begin to pay attention to the cost side of the equation to generate profits.
Managers no longer will have the luxury of covering rising operating costs with extraordinary
increases in revenue.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction.
This chapter discusses the research methodology that will be used to implement this study. It
includes research design ,target population ,data collection and analysis of data collection tools.
3.2 Methodology: Waterfall
The waterfall model is a popular version of the systems development life cycle for software
engineering. It is comprised of a series of very definite phases, each one is run and is intended to
be started sequentially only after the last has been completed, with one or more tangible
deliverables produced at the end of each phase. It places emphasis on documentation as well as
source code. In less thoroughly designed and documented methodologies, knowledge is lost if
system developers leave before the project is completed, and it may be difficult for a project to
recover from the loss. The water fall model describes a development method that is linear and
sequential.
3.3 Waterfall Methodology.
Source:
https://www.google.com/q=waterfall+model&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
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3.4 Justification.
Some waterfall proponents prefer the water fall model for its simple approach and that it is more
disciplined. The water fall model provides a structured approach;the model itself progresses
linearly through discreet, easily understandable and explainable phases and thus is easy to
understand. It also provides easily identifiable milestones in the development process. It is for
this reason that water fall model was used as the development model in this project that
developed the cafeteria management system.
Essentially, it’s a framework for software development in which development procees
sequentially through a series of phases ,starting with the system requirements analysis and
leading up to product release and maintenance .Feed back loops exists between each phase so
that as the new information is uncovered or problems are discovered, it is possible to “go back” a
phase and make appropriate modification .Progress flows from one stage to the next, much like
the waterfall that gives the model its name.
3.5 Research design.
The research design that was used in the study is a case study.
3.6 Target population.
Total population under research comprised of 10 people working in the cafeteria .They comprise
of the following.1(one) manager,2(two)assistants,1(one)accountant,1(one)cashier,5(five)service
people.
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Table 3.6.0 Target population.
Category
Frequency
Managers
1
Assistants
2
Accountant
1
Cashier
1
5
Waiter/Waitress
TOTAL
10
Source: White Rhino Hotel.
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3.7 Sample design and procedure.
To enable researcher select a sample the researcher will use stratified random procedure to
collect data. A sample of 10 respondents will be used to provide the information required.
3.8 Developement tools.

C sharp

MySQL SERVER

SAP CRYSTAL REPORTS
System Requirements

Win 7

Ram minimum 2Gb

Processor speed 1.7GHZ
3.9 Data collection instruments and procedure
Various fact finding methods shall be used to collect required facts. The process shall involve the
staff members of the White Rhino Cafeteria. Data collection will be done through administering
questionnaire ,face to face interview and observations. The questionnaires will be close ended
with a yes or no response which will deduce the outcome of the study.
4.0 Data analysis and reporting.
The data collected through questionnaire, interview and personal observation was summarized in
descriptive method and analyzed.
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1:QUESTIONNAIRE
The following form is meant to aid in the collection of data. Kindly fill it.
1.For how long have you worked in the White Rhino Hotel?
Below 3yrs
3-5 yrs
over 5 years
2.By introducing a cafeteria management system do you think that the Cafeteria department will
be at a higher competitive level?
Yes
No
3.How are orders in white Rhino Hotel taken?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.What measures has the Cafeteria Department taken to ensure maximization on securing data.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
5.How is retrieval of records done when needed?
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APPEDIX II:BUDGET
Some of the cost incurred in the research includes:Item name
Unit No.
Unit Cost
Total cost in Ksh
Stationary
I ream of paper
500
500
3Biros
20
60
3 Folders
200
600
5 trips
200
1000
Travelling
Internet Charges
1000
Miscellaneous
3000
Grand Total
5160
APPEDIX III:PROJECT SCHEDULE.
ACTIVITY
TIME
Project Proposal
3 week
Project plan.
4 week
Functional specification
Three weeks
Technical specification
Two weeks
Project source code
Five weeks
User Manual
Five weeks
Project presentation
20 minutes
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SEPT
OCT
TASK
PROJECT PROPOSAL
PROJECT PLAN
FUNCTIONAL
SPECIFICATION
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
PROJECT SOURCE CODE
USER MANUAL
PRESENTATION
AND
DEMONSTRATION
17
NOV
DEC
JAN
FEB
MAR APR
APPENDIX IV : REFERENCES
Hosmer, David W.; Stanley Lemeshow (2000). Applied Logistic Regression, 2nd ed.. New York;
Chichester, Wiley.
Balakrishnan, N. (1991). Handbook of the Logistic Distribution. Marcel Dekker, Inc..
Abrazhevich, D. (2001a). A survey of user attitudes towards electronic payment systems. The
15th Annual Conference of the Human Computer Interaction Group of the British Computer
Society, IHM-HCI-2001, vol. 2. (pp. 69-71). Toulouse, France: Cepadues-Editions.
Abrazhevich, D. (2001c). Electronic payment systems: issues of user acceptance. In B.StanfordSmith and E.Chiozza (Eds.), E-work and E-commerce, (pp. 354-360). IOS Press . Abrazhevich,
D. (2002). Importance of user-related factors in electronic payment systems. In J.E.J.Prins, P. M.
A. Ribbers, H. C. A. van Tilborg, A. F. L. Veth, & J. G. L. van der Wees (Eds.), Trust in
Electronic Commerce - The Role of Trust From a Legal, an Organisational and a Technical Point
of View, The Hague : Kluwer Law International.
BIS (2000). Survey of electronic money developments, May 2000. Switzerland: Bank for
International Settlements. BIS (2001). Survey of electronic money developments, November
2001. Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements.
ACA (2003), Foundation Accounting Framework, Paper 1, Lagos Wyse Publications. ACCA
Study Pack (1988), Level 2 Paper 214, Cost and management accounting II, London, Financial
Training Courses Ltd.
American Accounting Association, (AAA),(1964) the motivational Assumptions for Accounting
Theory, the Accounting Review, Vol. 39, No. 3, July.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, (AICPA), (1970) Basic Concepts and
Accounting principles underlying Financial Statement of Business Enterprises, Statement No. 4,
New York, Accounting principles Board (APB)
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J. G. Wacker (1998) “A Definition of Theory: Research Guidelines for Different TheoryBuilding Research Methods in Operations Management,” Journal of Operations Management 16,
pp 361-385. I A. Nagurney (1999) Network Economics: A Variational Inequality Approach,
second and revised edition, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts. I I. J. Chen
and A. Paulraj (2004) “Towards a Theory of Supply Chain Management: The Constructs and
Measurements,” Journal of Operations Management 22, pp 119-150.
I D. E. Boyce, H. S. Mahmassani, and A. Nagurney (2005) “A Retrospective on Beckmann,
McGuire, and Winsten’s Studies in the Economics of Transportation,” PiRS 84, pp 85-103.
J. G. Wacker (1998) “A Definition of Theory: Research Guidelines for Different TheoryBuilding Research Methods in Operations Management,” Journal of Operations Management 16,
pp 361-385.
http://whiterhinohotel.com/
http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g616012-d2475592-ReviewsThe_White_Rhino_Hotel-Nyeri_Central_Province.html
http://www.kenyahotelsltd.com/place/white-rhino-hotel/
http://www.findhotels.co.ke/kenya/mount-kenya/white-rhino-hotel.aspx
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