Evaluation of Different Fabric Facemask as Personal Protection in Pandemic Scenarios
Julie Ann S. Cabarrubias
cabarrubiasjulieanns@gmail.com
Melanie G. Ramos
Research Adviser
Bansud National Highschool
Regional Science Highschool for MIMAROPA
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Rationale
Based on World Health Organization (n.d.) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious
disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older
people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can
get sick with Covid-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age. The Covid-19 disease
spread has emerged as a worldwide pandemic and cause severe threats to humanity. Mask is a
comprehensive strategy a comprehensive strategy of measures to suppress transmission and
save lives due to the Covid-19 virus. They're meant to protect the wearer from contact with
droplets and sprays that may contain germs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
different fabric facemask as personal protection in pandemic scenarios. A medical mask also
filters out large particles in the air when the wearer breathes in. This pandemic we over used
face mask and too much waste can harm our environment. The Liberal Democrats said
single-use surgical masks caused "enormous" plastic waste and that environmentally friendly
alternatives must be promoted. The Covid-19 pandemic is estimated to generate up to 7,200
tons of medical waste every day, much of which is disposable masks. And even as the
pandemic slows down in some parts of the world, health care workers are expected to
continue wearing masks most of the time. Nowadays crocheting are famous by its potential
creating other material using yarn and hook. Crochet facemask are also reusable and
effective. A cloth mask is intended to trap respiratory droplets that are released when the
wearer talks, coughs or sneezes. It also acts as a barrier to protect the wearer from inhaling
droplets released by others. The most effective cloths masks are made of multiple layers of
tightly woven fabric like cotton. A mask with layers will stop more droplets from getting
through your mask or escaping from it. Crochet facemask prevents increasing waste of
disposable mask. Clot facemask are proven effective, it is acceptable mask moreover, it can
substitute the surgical mask. Thus, the main objective of this study is to Evaluation and
Discussion of Milk Cotton Crochet Fabric Facemask, Bamboo Cotton Crochet Fabric
Facemask and Silk Cashmere Crochet Fabric Facemask as personal protection in pandemic
scenarios to prevent the increasing number of facemask waste. The outcome of this study will
determine if the crochet fabric mask is effective as an alternative facemask and reusable for
Covid-19
.
Statement of The Problem
Generally, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate and discuss the three different type of
crochet fabrics Milk cotton fabric, Bamboo Fabric and cashmere fabric as personal protection
in pandemic.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. How can you determine the effectiveness of the 3 different crochet fabrics as facemask
in terms of;
1.1) water absorption;
1.2.) thickness
1.3.) durability; and
1.4) compatibility?
What are the components of crochet fabrics as facemask compared to surgical or
disposable facemask in terms of;
2.1) durability;
2.2) fabric thickness; and
2.3.) water absorption?
3. Is there significant difference 3 different types of cotton fabric and surgical mask in terms
of;
3.1) durability;
3.2) fabric thickness; and
3.3) water absorption?
Hypothesis
1. there is no significant difference 3 different types of cotton fabric and surgical mask in
terms of;
1.1) durability;
1.2) fabric thickness; and
1.3) water absorption
2. The components of different types of cotton fabric compared to surgical or disposable
mask is not effective in terms of;
2.1) durability;
2.2) fabric thickness; and
2.3) water absorption
3. There is no significant difference 3 different types of cotton fabric and surgical mask in
terms of;
3.1) durability;
3.2) fabric thickness; and
3.3) water absorption?
Expected Outcome
The propose study represent the effectiveness of crochets faces mask as personal protection
in pandemic scenarios to prevent the increasing number of facemask waste. Overall, the study
will broaden produce a new alternative facemask that are reusable to prevent the increasing
number of facemask waste.
Methodology
This research is concerned with increasing number of facemask waste during
pandemic. Which may lead to pollution. This study evaluates and discuss how milk cotton
fabric, bamboo cotton fabric and silk cashmere fabric are effectively used to substitutes the
surgical mask. Crochet facemasks are reusable and also disposable. This study also explains
how alternative facemask are environmentally friendly and also safe to use during pandemic
scenarios.
Materials and Equipment
The materials that will be used are Milk Cotton Crochet Fabric Facemask, Bamboo Cotton
Crochet Fabric Facemask, Silk Cashmere Crochet Fabric Facemask, 3.5 mm hook, scissors,
measuring tape and tapestry needle
A. Making the Fabric Facemask
The researcher will need silk cashmere yarn, milk cotton yarn and bamboo cotton yarn,
scissors, hook, measuring tape and yarn needle.
B. Testing of the Fabric Facemask
The results that obtained from the experimentation will be shown in line graph and the result
will be interpreted.
Data Analysis
to determine the effectiveness of 3 different fabric by water shrinking, three sample
tests will be used to see the significant differences of silk cashmere, milk cotton, and bamboo
cotton
Risk and Safety
In conducting this study, the researcher must be accompanied by a parent or adult
especially when using sharp tools like scissors, hook and tapestry needle are dangerous and
parental guidance are needed to conduct this study
Reference
I.
Bundgaard H. et. Al. (2020) effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to
Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask
II. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021) Use of cloth face coverings to help
slow the spread of COVID-19 Wearers. doi: 10.7326/M20-6817
III. Coronavirus disease Covid-19 (2022) When and how to use masks. World Health
organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks.
IV. Dharmaraj S.,et. Al (2021) National Library of Medicine The COVID-19 pandemic
face mask waste. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129601
V. Gierthmuehlen M., et. al. (2020) Evaluation and discussion of handmade face-masks
and commercial diving-equipment as personal protection in pandemic scenarios.
PLoS ONE 15(8): e0237899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237899
VI. Shin Wei Sim, et. al. (2014) The use of facemask to prevent respiratory infection.
doi: 10.11622/smedj.2014037
VII.
Trafton, A. (2021) The environmental toll of disposable masks.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Evaluation of Different Fabric Facemask as Personal Protection in Pandemic Scenarios
Julie Ann S. Cabarrubias
Researcher
Melanie G. Ramos
Research Adviser
Bansud National High School MIMAROPA Regional Science High School Bansud,
Oriental Mindoro, MIMAROPA, Philippines
I
Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 3
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .3
II
1. Introduction
Based on World Health Organization (n.d.) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with the virus will
experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. Older
people and those with underlying medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, diabetes,
chronic respiratory disease, or cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Anyone can
get sick with Covid-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age. The Covid-19 disease
spread has emerged as a worldwide pandemic and cause severe threats to humanity. Mask is a
comprehensive strategy a comprehensive strategy of measures to suppress transmission and
save lives due to the Covid-19 virus. They're meant to protect the wearer from contact with
droplets and sprays that may contain germs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the
different fabric facemask as personal protection in pandemic scenarios. A medical mask also
filters out large particles in the air when the wearer breathes in. This pandemic we over used
face mask and too much waste can harm our environment. The Liberal Democrats said
single-use surgical masks caused "enormous" plastic waste and that environmentally friendly
alternatives must be promoted. The Covid-19 pandemic is estimated to generate up to 7,200
tons of medical waste every day, much of which is disposable masks. And even as the
pandemic slows down in some parts of the world, health care workers are expected to
continue wearing masks most of the time. Nowadays crocheting are famous by its potential
creating other material using yarn and hook. Crochet facemask are also reusable and
effective. A cloth mask is intended to trap respiratory droplets that are released when the
wearer talks, coughs or sneezes. It also acts as a barrier to protect the wearer from inhaling
droplets released by others. The most effective cloths masks are made of multiple layers of
tightly woven fabric like cotton. A mask with layers will stop more droplets from getting
through your mask or escaping from it. Crochet facemask prevents increasing waste of
disposable mask. Clot facemask are proven effective, it is acceptable mask moreover, it can
substitute the surgical mask. Thus, the main objective of this study is to Evaluation and
Discussion of Milk Cotton Crochet Fabric Facemask, Bamboo Cotton Crochet Fabric
Facemask and Silk Cashmere Crochet Fabric Facemask as personal protection in pandemic
scenarios to prevent the increasing number of facemask waste. The outcome of this study will
determine if the crochet fabric mask is effective as an alternative facemask and reusable for
Covid-19.
.
2. Literature Review
Shin Wei Sim et al. Master Medicine in (2014) found that individuals are more likely
to wear facemasks due to the perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of being
afflicted with life-threatening diseases. Although perceived susceptibility appeared to be
the most significant factor determining compliance, perceived benefits of mask-wearing
was found to have significant effects on mask-wearing compliance as well. Perceived
barriers include experience or perception of personal discomfort and sense of
embarrassment.
In a study conducted in Singapore during the SARS outbreak, only 4% of the
respondents had worn a facemask in the preceding three days. This highlights a need to
uncover the determinants of mask-wearing, in order to identify the issues and overcome
the barriers associated with mask-wearing compliance. The present literature review aims
to evaluate these determinants and provide a framework for future interventions directed
at increasing facemask usage as an effective public health measure to curb airborne
infectious disease outbreaks.
3. Materials and Methods
The materials that will be used are Milk Cotton Crochet Fabric Facemask,
Bamboo Cotton Crochet Fabric Facemask, Silk Cashmere Crochet Fabric Facemask,
3.5 mm hook, scissors, measuring tape and tapestry needle
4. Results and discussion
A. Water absorption of different fabric
Water Absorption of Different Fabric
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2 minutes
4 minutes
Milk Cotton
6 minutes
Bamboo Fabric
8 minutes
10 minutes
12 minutes
Cashmere Fabric
Figure 1. Water absorption of different fabric in 12 minutes
The water absorption results were observed from time to time after 2 minutes, 4
minutes, 6 minute, 8 minutes, 10 minutes, 12 minutes and the results were obtained. As
shown in figure 1, the observation from milk cotton, bamboo fabric and cashmere mask are
shown in column bar graph form. In under 2 minutes, the cashmere has the highest
absorption. This shows that cashmere is the least effective in terms of water absorption. From
4 minutes to 6 minutes, the cashmere fabric already absorbs a 100% of the water while the
milk cotton absorbed 40%-60% of the water and bamboo fabric 50%-70%. From 8 minutes to
10minutes, the bamboo fabric absorbs 80%-100% and the milk cotton from 80%-90%. Lastly
from 12 minutes, the milk cotton absorbs 100% of the water already. In this figure, it shows
that the least effective in terms of water absorption is the cashmere fabric while the bamboo
fabric lasted to 10 minutes and the most potent in water absorption is the milk cotton.
Conclusion
The milk cotton shows the most efficient in terms of water absorption, durability and
thickness. Bamboo fabric also has the potent for water absorption but in terms of durability
and thickness, it shows the least potent among the two other fabric. And for the Cashmere
fabric, it is insufficient in water absorption but has the potent in durability and thickness. The
study shows that Milk cotton has the most potent to be an alternative or disposable facemask
among the three different fabrics.
APPENDIX:
TESTINGS: