Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall - Penicillins
Indications for drug: Why are they taking it?
Treat infections due to gram-positive cocci
Treat meningitis due to gram-negative cocci
Kill spirochetes which causes syphilis
Drug Names:
Penicillin
MOA:
Contraindications:
Penicillins destroy bacteria by
weakening the bacterial cell wall.
A history of severe allergic reactions to penicillin,
cephalosporins or imipenem.
Common Side Effects:
Use cautiously in clients who are at risk for kidney
dysfunction.
Allergies, Anaphylaxis
- SOB, wheezing, hypotension,
tachycardia, rash, angioedema
- Treat with epinephrine
Clients who are allergic to other penicillins and
are at risk for cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins.
Drug Interactions:
Renal Impairment
- Monitor kidney function (BUN
& Creatinine)
- Monitor I&O
Hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias,
hypernatremia
Probenecid delays the excretion of penicillin.
Life-threatening Side Effects:
Anaphylaxis
Renal Impairment
Key Nursing Actions:
ALWAYS ASSESS FOR ALLERGIES! Monitor kidney function (BUN, Creatinine, I&O).
Instruct clients to report any findings of an allergic response (dyspnea, a skin rash, itching, hives)
Complete the entire course of therapy, even if manifestations resolve.
Use an additional contraceptive method when taking penicillins, as penicillins can cause a
decrease in effectiveness.