EE
DATE JUNE 1, 2021
BIO 1201L SYSTEMATICS (LAB)
ACTIVITY 6
PLANT NOMENCLATURE
OBJECTIVES
● To apply the rules of the ICN/ICBN in naming and classifying algae, plants, and
fungi.
● To use the ICN in evaluating the names of pre-existing taxa.
1. Legitimate or not as per ICN?
a. Erythrina cristagalli L. - Illegitimate
Erythrina crista-galli L. - Legitimate
b. Astragalus rhizanthus Royle (1935) - Illegitimate
Astragalus rhizanthus Boiss (1843) - Legitimate
c. Viola pedata petiolata L. - Illegitimate
Viola pedata var. petiolata L. - Legitimate
d. Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. - Illegitimate
Phaseolus vulgaris - Legitimate
e. Penstemon brachyanthus Pennel (1941) - Illegitimate
Penstemon micranthus Nutt. (1834) - Illegitimate
Penstemon procerus Dougl. ex R. Grah. (1829) - Illegitimate
Penstemon tolmiei Hook. (1838) - Illegitimate
f. Quercus alba L. - Legitimate
Convolvulus cantabrica L. - Legitimate
g. Salix nigra L. - Illegitimate
Ipomoea aquaticum L. – Illegitimate
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2. ICN rules identification:
a. Ferula foeniculacea Nutt. was transferred to genus Lomatium by Couter
and Rose.
-
Retention of Specific and Infra-specific Epithets
b. Fumaria bulbosa var. Solida L. (1753) was elevated to a specific rank as F.
solida (L.) Mill. in 1771. The name of this species was transferred to
Corydalis by Clairv. in 1811.
-
Author citation. The author of the earlier, name- or epithet-bringing
legitimate name must be cited in parentheses, followed by the
name of the author who effected the alteration.
3. Coining epithets
Epithet
Meaning of
Prefix type
Plant part type
epithet
1. diphyllus
Two-leaved
Number
Leaf, Gr.
2. longicaulis
Long-stemmed
Size
Stem, L.
3. amphistemon
Around stamen
Position
Stamen Gr.
4. crossopetalum
Cross-shaped
Shape
Petal, L.
petal
5. polyrhiza
Many roots
Number
Root, Gr.
6. stenocarpa
Narrow-fruited
Size
Fruit, Gr.
7. echinosperma
Tailed seed
Shape
Seed, Gr.
8. erevicosta
Short midrib
Size
Midrib, L.
9. epistylos
Above style
Position
Style, Gr.
10. tenuifolium
Slender-leaved
Size
Leaf, L.
4. Rank identification:
a) Linnaea borealis var. longifolia - Variety
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b) Mimosoideae - Subfamily
c) Euphorbiinae - Subtribe
d) Malpighiales - Order
e) Rafflesiaceae - Family
f) Hydrangea anomala subsp. Petiolaris - Subspecies
g) Andropogoneae - Tribe
h) Rosidae - Subclass
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Enumerate the traditional names of eight plant families that have two
alternative names.

Apiaceae- Umbelliferae

Arecaceae - Palmae

Asteraceae - Compositae

Brassicaceae - Cruciferae

Clusiaceae - Guttiferae

Fabaceae/Papilionaceae - Leguminosae

Lamiaceae - Labiatae

Poaceae - Graminae
2. Cite at least 3 rules of the ICN that shows its independence from other codes of
nomenclature.

Botanical nomenclature is independent of zoological and bacteriological
nomenclature.

The application of names of taxonomic groups is determined by means of
nomenclatural types.

Each taxonomic group with a particular circumscription, position, and rank can
bear only one correct name, the earliest that is in accordance with the Rules,
except in specified cases.
3. Define briefly:
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a. nomina conservanda – mean conserved name. It is a scientific name that has
specific nomenclatural protection. That is, the name is retained, even though it
violates one or more rules which would otherwise prevent it from being
legitimate.
b. nomen oblatum - Latin for "forgotten name". It is a technical term, used in
zoological nomenclature, for a particular kind of disused scientific name.
c. isotype - duplicate specimen of the holotype, collected at the same time by the
same person from the same population.
d. paratype - A specimen cited in a publication but that is neither a holotype, isotype,
or syntype.
5. Why can’t vernacular or common names replace scientific names?
With species are identified with common names rather than the binomial
nomenclature, classifying and studying them will be chaotic and difficult to learn.
It will be disorganize as there will be no system to order the species.
6. Give at least three types of author citations and cite an example for each.

In publications, particularly those dealing with taxonomy and nomenclature, it
may be desirable, even when no bibliographic reference to the protologue is
made, to cite the author(s) of the name concerned . In so doing, the following
rules apply.
Ex. Rosaceae Juss. (Gen. Pl.: 334. 1789), Rosa L. (Sp. Pl.: 491. 1753), Rosa
gallica L. (l.c.: 492. 1753), Rosa gallica var. versicolor L. (Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 704.
1762), Rosa gallica L. var. gallica

For the purposes of Art. 46, ascription is the direct association of the name of a
person or persons with a new name or description or diagnosis of a taxon. An
author citation associated with a synonym does not constitute ascription of the
accepted name, nor does reference to a basionym or a replaced synonym
(regardless of bibliographic accuracy) or reference to a homonym.
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Ex. Lichen debilis Sm. (in Smith & Sowerby, Engl. Bot. 35: t. 2462. 1812) was not
ascribed to Turner and Borrer by Smith’s citing “Calicium debile. Turn. and Borr.
Mss.” as a synonym.

For the purposes of Art. 46, the authorship of a publication is the authorship of
that part of a publication in which a name appears regardless of the authorship or
editorship of the publication as a whole.
Ex. The name Solanum dasypus was published in a work of Candolle (Prodr.
13(1): 161. 1852), in which the account of Solanaceae was authored by Dunal.
Dunal introduced the name as “S. dasypus (Drège, n. 1933, in h. DC)” thereby
ascribing it to Drège. The name is therefore cited as either S. dasypus Drège ex
Dunal or S. dasypus Dunal.
7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a stable or fixed
nomenclature?
The significant advantage of choosing common plant names is the convenience
of using and sharing knowledge in particular geographical locations and avoiding
misunderstanding among laypeople who do not speak Latin. Those involved in
spreading or learning the principles of crop farming and agricultural extension
workers would benefit significantly from being familiar with famous names. On
the negative side, many common plant names generate confusion not just locally
but also globally. Worst of all, unscrupulous plant dealers may readily develop
standard terms for personal gain, with little regard for the potential financial or
bodily harm they may inflict.
8. Select and name two species each from 3 plant families and indicate briefly
why you consider each a good scientific name.
Selaginellaceae
-
Selaginella antimonensis
-
Selaginella arbuscula
Cucurbitaceae
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-
Cucurbita pepo
-
Cucurbita maxima
-
Nymphaea lotus
-
Nymphaea odorata
Nymphaeaceae
CONCLUSION
Through this activity, the students were able to learn how to name species which
are termed plant nomenclature. The term nomenclature is derived from the Latin
concepts nomen and calare, which mean "name" and "to call," respectively. The
International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICN) governs the
attribution of scientific names to plants. The most recent version of the ICN is the
Shenzhen Code, which the International Botanical Congress (IBC) accepted in July
2017. It went into effect on July 29, 2017, after being confirmed by the IBC.
First, we applied the principles of ICN to distinguish between nomenclatures if
they were legitimate or illegitimate. Then, rules of the ICN were identified to a particular
condition in naming a species. With the provided list of prefixes and terminologies, we
used the material to coin epithets and determine their meaning. Lastly, the ICN was
utilized to evaluate the names of pre-existing taxa and identify its taxonomic rank.
The activities from above are an application of some of the ICN's core rules. It
will assist us, Biology-major students, in developing a working grasp of the Code.
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REFERENCES
Advantages and Disadvantages of Common Names & Botanical Name. (2011, October
21). EVA Homoeopathy; EVA Homoeopathy. Retrieved May 31, 2021, from
https://ehomoeopathy.wordpress.com/2011/10/21/advantages-and-disadvantagesof-common-names-botanical-name/
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2015, November 10). List of plants in the family
Cucurbitaceae. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-ofplants-in-the-family-Cucurbitaceae-2038063
ICBN:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. (2016). Biology Discussion.
Retrieved May 30, 2021, from https://www.biologydiscussion.com/planttaxonomy/nomenclature-plant-taxonomy/icbninternational-code-of-botanicalnomenclature/30308#a_Rule_of_Priority
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. (2001). bgbm.org. Retrieved May 30,
2021, from
https://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0053Ch4Sec3a049.htm
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