Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 1 Lesson 1 Assessment (page 15)
1. Yes. As a result of the bill being passed by President Ramon Magsaysay, the aims of the
s pons ors of the bi ll w ere jus tified. The Riz al bill mad e a lo t of
s tat emen ts tha t encouraged a lot of Filipinos to appreciate their country. Many would
have opposed this rule, but because of its aims of making Rizal’s life and works
known to young people. And it has made its way to becoming a law with the aim of
giving value to nationalism and patriotism that would make a difference to the
perspective of the young Filipinos.
It was justified because the writings of Rizal are taught by schools, universities
and colleges, whether public or private, Catholic school or not. This became an asset
to the nation because, like what Rizal did, this molds the young Filipinos to be future
leaders who will serve and fight for the country. It was also a way for young
Filipinos to be taught self-reliance, self-respect and independence to rule the
Philippines. What was conceived by the sponsors in 1956 was justified, because
ever since 1956 the country made leaders to serve and govern the country up until today.
Many Filipinos opened their eyes as a result of the passage of the Rizal law. It
paid tribute to our national hero for dedicating his life to shaping the Filipino
character and his works. It is only fair that Filipinos, particularly young people,
know and learn to accept the great ideals for which the hero died. No student has
formally demanded an exemption from reading Rizal’s novels so far.
2. It hasn’t completely accomplished its goals for me. This goal was clearly achieved in
terms of the curriculum in all schools, colleges and universities that teach Rizal’s
writings, work and life. But not many young people really apply their teachings. Today,
some Filipinos prefer to close their eyes and don’t care what the country is going through.
In terms of being patriotic, some Filipino choose to not care. For me, some Filipinos are
not studying to represent the Philippines, but other nations are preferring to work abroad
rather than work in the country here. That is why I believe that not all of this law’s aims
have completely achieved their objectives, especially in the present. Maybe it opened the
Filipinos’ eyes, but not all of them.
As far as the aim of paying tribute to our heroes is concerned, we have accomplished this.
The writings, works, and life of Rizal are known to any Filipino who graduated from high
school or college. And no student has yet formally demanded an exemption from reading
Rizal’s novels until today.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 2 Lesson 2 Assessment (page 23)
1. Macario Sakay
Macario Sakay de León was born in Tabora Street, Tondo, in the city of Manila, on
March 1, 1878. A Filipino general who took part in the Philippine Revolution against the
Spanish Empire in 1896 and in the Philippine-American War was Macario Sakay y de
León. Macario Sakay should be remembered as a real Filipino hero considering his
negative representation in history books as a mere bandit during the American
Occupation in the Philippines. Sakay was a true patriot who fought in the early part of the
20th century against the colonial governments of Spain and the United States, and was
remembered as the first president of the Tagalog Republic. The reputation of Sakay as a
bandit was just part of the American colonial authorities’ black propaganda that found it
difficult to subdue him.
Miguel Malvar
A true son of the Revolution, Miguel Malvar took up the reins of the Revolutionary
government after Aguinaldo was captured in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901. He
held out for at least a year before he, too, eventually surrendered. Malvar was the
prototypical Katipunero officer. A far cry from the peasant farmers who made up the
majority of the Katipunan rank-and-file, the Malvars were famously wealthy in their
hometown of Santo Tomas. He became the overall military commander of the succeeding
war against Americans, following the surrender by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and his top
men. A little known hero, Malvar may best be remembered for his manifesto, issued at
the height of the Philippine-American War.
Juan Luna
Luna is a hero who establishes a framework of life of freedom and order for a nation and
contributes to it (one who helps in the orderliness and betterment of the country). During
the late 19th century, Luna was a painter, sculptor, and political activist during the
Philippine Revolution. He is also regarded for paintings as a Philippine master artist,
often portraying feelings of his region. “Tributes and trivia: Luna’s most revered work of
art; the National Museum displays “The Spoliarium.
Apolinario Mabini
He’s a revolutionary Filipino leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who first served as
the Revolutionary Government’s legal and constitutional advisor, and then, upon the
establishment of the First Philippine Republic, as the first Prime Minister of the
Philippines. He is known as the “utak ng himagsikan” or the “brain of the revolution” and
he was able to convince other heroes, including José Rizal, the national hero of the
Philippines. Mabini’s work and thoughts on the government shaped the Philippines’ fight
for independence over the next century.
Antonio Luna
Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta was a Filipino army general who served
in the Philippine-American War (October 29th, 1866-June 5th, 1899). He was considered
one of the fiercest generals of his day, replacing Artemio Ricarte as Chief of Staff of the
Philippine Armed Forces. He was a firebrand of a commander of the army. In running
military affairs, he was known for a disciplined and professional demeanor. He was an
accomplished strategic strategist. His three-tier defense, now known as the Luna Defense
Line, gave the American troops a hard campaign in the provinces north of Manila.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 3 Lesson 3 Assessment (page 30)
Changes and Development
Politics
Economic
Socio-cultural
When the country was under the Spanish
government, political Filipinos were not permitted
to rule the country. Central government and local
government units were formed by the Spaniards.
The Filipinos were under frailocracy during the
19th century, which means that friars controlled the
Filipinos.
Taxation was introduced by the Spanish
government. The Philippines was open to
international trade throughout the 19th century, with
our native goods being shipped to other countries.
The 19th century gave birth to the middle class,
because of the cash crops, the land became the
primary source of income, and being able to afford
buildings; it gave rise to technical interconnections
between the Philippines’ separate islands.
Railroads, steam ships, and developments in
communication have interconnected the regional
diversity of the Philippines. Literacy, a tool for
decolonization, was also considered a weapon by
the Filipinos.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 3 Lesson 4 Assessment (page 35)
1. Who are the personages mentioned and what is their relationship with each other?
A mendicant order of the Catholic Church, founded in France by the Spanish priest Saint
Dominic, the Dominican Friar Orders is formally known as the Order of Preachers. They were
entrusted by the Spaniards to care for and have control over the land. After the Jesuits, who
originally owned it, were expelled in 1768, control of the Calamba hacienda passed to the
Dominicans. Nearly all the land around Calamba was owned by the Dominicans.
Rizal is another character that has been mentioned. Rizal’s hometown was in Laguna,
Calamba. Rizal was requested by the tenants of Calamba to conduct an inquiry concerning the
disputed fertile land owned by the Dominican friars. Both the Rizal family and the other tenants
of Calamba decided to know the truth. Rizal was asked by the tenants to write a report for the
city council.
For the tenants, owing to the unjustified taxes they had to pay, the tenants suffered for several
years. And if the economic downturn had happened or the harvest was poor, the rent and taxes
were rising. Beneath the friars, the tenants endured. The following report was drawn up and
signed by more than fifty residents, including tenants and principals, following a rigorous
investigation.
2. Why was this document written? Provide evidence from the document.
The people of Calamba and him, according to Rizal, wrote a petition to the administrator of
the public islands of Laguna to avoid the increase in land rent. Owing to the unjustified taxes
they had to pay, the tenants suffered for several years. And if the economic downturn had
happened or the harvest was poor, the rent and taxes were rising. Beneath the friars, the tenants
endured.
Not only that, but the fact that Rizal wanted to raise awareness was another explanation why
the document was written. Despite the continuous work, the items for the tenants have decreased
significantly. Indebted and dispossessed of their possessions, as demonstrated by the large
number of ruined farmers, not only before, but also over the last three years. In order to put an
end to the corruption of the Dominican friars, this document was written.
Estate officials say that people can drag chains because the business is wealthy and proposes
to pay ten thousand pesos to win the suit for having told the truth in this article. They have, in
short, a copy of a letter from the Treasury that threatened the tenants who testified according to
the evidence and not according to the estate’s wishes was shown. And because of this, Rizal
decided to free his family from this misery and the tenants.
3. What can you tell about life in the Hacienda de Calamba during the time the
document was written?
Especially to the farmers who were in a huge debt just to pay the Dominican friars, the life
that time must have been difficult. In spite of the power and intimidation from the Dominican
friars, the tenants who were interested in this must have fought hard. The farmers are
discouraged from seeing that the land they have so laboriously cultivated and cleared is
arbitrarily stripped away for useless purposes or without justification. But despite all that was
going on during that period, the tenants were unwilling to be heard.
4. What are the complaints of the tenants? Enumerate at least three.
It turns out from the declaration of the tenants interviewed that if something that the land
creates is to be understood by products, the products of the Estate have greatly decreased for the
tenants for the sand of the Estate. As the enclosed account shows, not only in previous years, but
also lately, in the last three. The contract is unilaterally changed by the Estate, the rent increases
immensely, there being a case when, in a few years, 45 pesos became 900 by an annual
imposition of powers. Some areas pay twice for two rice harvests, where there are some bamboo
groves. Besides, the farmer pays for the land and for each bamboo grove, regardless of whether it
has been felled or useless.
5. What was the reaction to the complaint?
The tenants were brutally evicted from the hacienda as a result of their petition. The court of
justice in Calamba was in favor to the tenants. While the supreme court in Manila was in favor to
the friars. The tenants appeal to the supreme court in Madrid. Unfortunately, when General
Valeriano Weyler became the Governor General he was in favor to the friars. Rizal and the
tenants were evicted.
6. What were the final demands of the petition?
They demand to vacate the Hacienda de Calamba, because the colony was in crisis, like
experiencing epidemic, etc. So, the renters were not be able to pay rent.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
MID-TERM ASSESSMENT
1.
Explain why Jose Rizal became the first apostle and prime mover of Philippine
nationalism? What were his contributions that created indelible effects, arousing
the consciousness of his contemporaries?
Jose Rizal was an ophthalmologist and was tagged as the national hero of the Philippines. He
is considered to be one of the greatest Hero of the Filipinos and have been recommended to be
honored National Heroes Committee. He was an active activist that aims to end the 300 years of
Spanish colonization in the Philippines. He called a peaceful reform and write about the
discrimination of the Spanish friars among the Filipinos. After his execution he become the
prime mover of the Philippine nationalism.
He was a brilliant student that is skilled in different languages. He went to Spain to complete
his medical degree. While, in Spain he became part of the Propaganda movement together with
Filipinos that wanted a reformation. He later wrote both Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
that was banned in the Philippines, but copies were smuggled in. The book conveys the
oppressions and discriminations of the Spanish Friars towards the Filipinos. He also published
the article La solidaridad where he advocated the equal treatments and the independence of the
Philippines.
Rizal with his courageous deeds became widely recognized as an icon of Nationalism.
Through his works and writings, he had opened the minds of the Filipino to be aware in the
Spanish oppressions. He also lit the burning passion of the youths to fight for the country. Today,
he continues to live in our heart and soul that gives as the hope to keep struggling for what is
right. As time passes, we will keep moving forward so that the history wouldn’t repeat itself.
2.
Choose one issue that you deem relevant that plagues our society today. Write a
petition to the president of the Philippines stating your cause and defending
them by citing your reasons and cases, if there are any.
President Rodrigo Duterte become the 16th President of the Philippines, succeeding Benigno
Aquino III. He has carried an anti-drug policy and actions known as the Philippine’s “War on
Drugs.” The neutralization of illegal drug personalities was the policy’s aim according to former
Philippine National Police Chief Ronald dela Rosa. Duterte has urged members of the public to
kill criminals and drug addicts. It resulted at the deaths of 12,000 Filipinos to date, the Philippine
National Police have been accounted at least 2,555 of the killings.
The advancements in the neurobiology of addiction have revealed addiction as a brain disorder, it
initiated further researches for treatments and rehabilitation. However, the criminal justice
system still remains disconnected in the distinction between drug addicts and user. The treatment
for people with substance abuse also provides opportunity to reduce associated criminal
behavior. Treating them as patients could avoid extra judicial killings that is apparent in this
administration. The killing of 17-year-old Kian Delos Santos in 2017 where three Philippine
police officers have been found guilty since President Rodrigo Duterte's "war on drugs" began.
Duterte has been criticized by different human rights groups.
Dealing with addicted people are the tasks of medical professionals, in which the police
shouldn’t be making decisions in punishing these drug addicts. The effort in the retribution of the
people with addiction are useless and expensive and it’s also cruel for these people. They should
be offered medical supervision for their opiate addiction. Addiction shouldn’t be the domain of
the law enforcers, but of qualified physicians. Addiction is a disease of the brain that is highly
treatable where the government should act and join forces with medical professionals.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 4 Lesson 5 Assessment (page 48)
June 1869
1872
May 3, 1882
May 18, 1882
June 11, 1882
June 12, 1882 and 1883
August 1887
February 15, 1889
Rizal joined by Paciano went to Biñan to
join up with the class of a Maestro Justiniano.
Rizal had a truly ominous perspective on the
Maestro however thought of him as
conversant in both Spanish and Latin. This
was also the time that Rizal got into a
Relationship with his cousin Leonora
Rizal has entered the Ateneo campus and was
part of a call where most all of his classmates
where Spanish and the Mestizos despite being
Filipino he became the leader of the campus.
Rizal went into a secret travel to Singapore
where he used the name Jose Mercado to be
kept under the radar
Rizal landed on Colombo where he improve
his French speaking skill.
Due to what he saw in Italy by seeing
anarchists taking out well known political
personalities this sparked the character of
Simoun in one of his famous books
While his stay on France he studied
ophthalmology
Rzal showed up at Manila boarded
SS. Hayfony following five years of study.
Rizal was resolved to re-visitation of the
Philippines to work on his mom's eye, to
build up a facility in his old neighborhood, to
ask on Leonor Rivera and to help his family
over the issues in hacienda Calamba. Since
the distribution of the Noli me Tangere also,
the turmoil it caused among the Friars, Rizal
was cautioned by his family and different
companions not to get back.
The very first issue of La Solidaridad is
publish causing a strong spark for the
movement that time.
The occasions of the nineteenth century shaped the assessment that the Filipinos needed to live
in unlimited authority and impact of the public authority. Clarification: These occasions were
urgent to the development of Rizal's adoration for his nation since he noticed the numerous
treacheries which were being done to the Filipinos.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 4 Lesson 6 Assessment (page 53)
1.
Mi Ultimo Adios was not titled by Jose Rizal. His friend, Mariano Ponce, gave
the title Mi Ultimo Pensamiento while a Fr. Dacanay republished the poem and
gave the title Mi Ultimo Adios which we are all familiar with. Based on the
context, what were the reasons did Rizal not place a title for his last work?
Because this was his final words that doesn’t need a title all due because the context of it was all
his final goodbyes to everything and it has a powerful message that doesn’t need a title the
context its self is well enough to keep the strong will of our country to fight on with the next
generation, due to the friends of Rizal that wants to keep this final message alive for years to
come they have put in a title to keep it intact for generation.
2.
Based on Mi Ultimo Adios, what are his comments on his last resting place?
His final comments are all about his love of our country on how his death maybe the spark that
will be the driving force that will make the fight in our country a winning hands and all of the
things he wants to foresee on how the country will be and what he want to be and it tells a strong
and powerful story that tells how wonderful the Philippines is and how Rizal needs us to gain
from quite a while ago and to see reality with regards to how the world view us.
3.
In your reading of Mi Ultimo Adios, how did Rizal see the future of the country?
Rizal saw how our country will become independent for the Spanish captors and he see out
country as something beautiful no more under the table treatment no more injustice for us
Filipino and with his death that will be the start of something that will overthrew the Spanish
captors and will be the drive that will lead the change for the old ways for the people fighting for
our country and also a drive of motivation for the next generation on how to love and keep the
pride that Rizal left before his untimely demise.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 4 Lesson 7 Assessment (page 64)
1. What were Rizal’s views on the impending revolution? Explain your answer and
provide evidences from the excerpt.
He renounced the unrest since he believed that changes to be effective should come from above.
It very well may be reasonable that the legend considered such on the grounds that it was the
conviction of the overarching class to which Rizal had a place. It is likewise conceivable that
Rizal negated the unrest because of his conviction that brutality ought not to win. For this
situation, Rizal accidentally disparaged the limit of those from underneath to urge changes and
changes.
2. What did Rizal learn from the history of Cuba and his intentions of going there?
He referred to the challenges looked by the Cubans in their various bombed upheavals and their
trouble in pursuing their latest one. He would recommend that the Katipunan search for help with
the rich people in Manila and benefit of the aptitude of Antonio Luna.
3. What were Rizal’s warning in dealing with the rich and influential Filipinos?
In the words of Rizal the rich is every hard to work with in some ways first they do not
value anything aside from money, they will use money as a strategy things where the money
power is not needed but money can win over anything. And when it comes to lending something
ever if you are Filipino they will say out no ever the reasons are good.
B. Utilizing the principles introduced in the lesson, write an essay that applies the idea of
difference, context, and process. There should be at least three paragraphs in which each
paragraph is focused on one principle with supporting evidences from the discussion above.
The three concepts (difference, context, and process.) can be seen with all the things Rizal has
done in his works like for example with the term difference Rizal saw that there is a clear line for
us Filipino that is worth fighting for he saw the beauty on the land we have even there is a clear
difference on how the Spanish captors saw us.
For the next one context there are context that is led by the fighting energy like the love for the
country and the context why Rizal saw that there is a bright future for us Filipino he saw the
worth in the people that is the context that what motivated the national hero Rizal.
And lastly the process everything on this module is what you called process down to the very
start on how Rizal came to be what school he attended and what had happened thru out the years
that shaped him to be one of the people that kept on fighting for our homeland.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 5 Lesson 8 Assessment (page 69)
1.
Jose Rizal’s
BELIEFS
Taking a bathe
SOCIAL
Namamahay slaves
LANGUAGE
In Tagalog, a house is
perspective
without regard to
still exist but they are
called “pamamahay”.
whether this might be
now called ‘kasama’,
Rizal said that it is
injurious to their
they are now partners
impossible that
health
or laborers of a
bahandin has been
capitalist or farmer.
printed for bahayin,
Crocodiles that are
because it is an
larger in size are
A Filipino woman
superior to the
helps his husband and
natives
is not seen as a
Asawa is the term
burden when they get
called for the wife of
These reptiles are
married. To a man,
a native man.
involved to the oaths
marrying means
and execrations
getting introduced to
hurdled to their hated
a lifestyle that a
people – even among
bachelor is not
Christians.
accustomed with,
especially in terms
There were no priest
economy, or
or a man of religion
financially.
to attend to religious
matters except old
Rizal pointed out that
men, sorcerers and
‘friendly relations’
wizards, People
were more common
obsolete derivative.
believed in omens
than those of wars.
and superstitions
which the devil
inspired them to do,
so that they could tell
whether the sick
person would live or
Antonio De Morga’s
die.
Indios are very
Namamahay are
He said that a house
perspective
careful not to take a
those who help build
with the parents and
bathe during siesta,
their master’s house,
children in room
after luncheon, first
and serve frequently
together is called
two days of catarrh,
as helpers when there
“bahandin”.
and etc. : hygienic
are guests, and serve
custom
their master when the
According to Morga,
master requires them
Inasawa is a wife
Indios are very
to, without
married to a native
careful not to take a
compensation.
man.
bathe during siesta,
after luncheon, first
The groom
two days of catarrh,
contributes a dowry,
and etc. : hygienic
that he had received
custom
from his parents,
while the bride does
There had been friars
not bring anything
eaten by crocodiles
until she inherits
while Indios escaped
some from her
These priests,
parents.
“Catalona /
Babaylan” are well-
Morga said that in
dressed rich people
every island or
that were not
provinces, many
honoured because
principals were
they are considered
known among the
as loafers. Case of
people, some being
Francisco Amandao
more important and
as proof where he
having followers,
offered half of his
which families and
body to the Anitos
barrios obeyed and
and later on the other
respected. These
half was paralyzed.
known individuals or
“public testimony of
families form
heathenism”
friendship and
relationships with
each other and
sometimes, due to
differences, even
wars.
2.
Jose Rizal lamented that he was born and bred without knowing about our pre-colonial past. As a
result, he felt that he had neither voice nor authority to talk on what he did not know. You can be
sure that most of his contemporaries felt the same way. When he was a student of the Ateneo
Municipal, Rizal did write an allegorical anti-colonial play where the Devil was raving about
how beautiful this archipelago was before the Spaniards came.
We can only imagine how difficult it must have been to research about our past history in those
days. Most of the available sources were written by friars of the religious orders, zealous
missionaries determined to obliterate native beliefs which they considered idolatrous and cultural
practices which to them were savage. Rizal must have spent hours plowing through early
Philippine histories by Fathers Pedro Chirino (1604), Francisco Colin (1663), Gaspar de San
Agustin (1698), all of which he mentioned in his annotations of Dr. Antonio Morga’s book,
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, published in Mexico (Nueva España) in 1609. It was already out of
circulation when Rizal saw it in an obscure corner of the British Library and Museum.
Rizal and his barkada, the “Indios Bravos,” were not entirely ignorant of the ethnic or
indigenous communities of the Motherland; in fact, they abhorred the colonial practice of
displaying “samples” of these “savages” in European fairs to justify the conquest of the
Philippines by Spain. While in Europe, Rizal came across research papers about various ethnic
communities in Asia published by eminent European scientists; one of them was Ferdinand
Blumentritt, the author of “Versuch einer Etnographie der Philippinen.” Rizal wrote to him and
that was how their friendship began.
Chapter 8 is, about how the natives looked like, their clothes and gold jewelry, customs, and
governance before the arrival of the Spaniards and after the conquest and other special features.
Rizal’s annotations are longer than the chapter itself. He noticed all of Morga’s “mistakes.” The
author had misspelled many native names of places, flora and fauna, and social classes, which
Rizal corrected; he also clarified geographical locations. For example, Morga said Tendaya
island was one of the largest. Fr. Urdaneta said it was close to Maluco but Fr. Colin vouched it
was in the vicinity of Leyte. Other sources revealed that Tendaya was a person’s name, the island
never existed.
Morga said that cotton was grown extensively in practically all the islands which the natives
sold as thread and woven fabrics to Chinese and other foreign merchants. They also spun
thread from banana leaves; Rizal clarified, Morga must have meant sinamay, which was woven
from abaca thread that comes from the trunk, not the leaves. He then quoted Fr. Chirino who
wrote that these cotton fabrics were sought-after in Nueva España and that encomenderos made
fortunes on the cotton trade. That was 31 years after the encomiendas were created, but, Rizal
pointed out, the industrious natives were so discouraged by extreme exploitation, they abandoned
the fields and burned the weaving looms.
Morga was obviously fascinated with the social organization of the natives; he described origins,
differences, privileges of social classes, upward and downward mobility, inheritance of
possessions and titles. Rizal emphasized that native women, unlike their European counterparts,
never lost their noble titles. In marriage, it was the groom who gave the bride’s parents a dowry
because they were losing a precious daughter.
As expected, Morga was critical of the system of government, which he said, barely existed
because there were no powerful figure that ruled over myriad communities, most of them coastal,
each with its own set of leaders. Rizal argued that it was better that way; why should the
communities be beholden to one ruler who didn’t even live among them and was not familiar
with their needs and problems? How could he have solved disputes, mete justice, implement
policies, if he didn’t even live in the community? (Perhaps Rizal was in favor of federalism.)
One of the most laborious footnotes was about the literacy of pre-colonial Filipinos. Morga said
that natives of all the islands had their own form of writing with characters that looked like
Greek or Arabic. Sadly enough, Rizal said, that was no longer true. Although the colonial
government claimed, in word and deed, that it was instructing the Filipinos, in truth, it was
fomenting ignorance by putting the friars in charge of education. Not only Filipinos but also
Peninsulares and foreigners accused them of wanting to stupefy (embrutecer) the nation and that
was evident in their writings and behavior.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 5 Lesson 9 Assessment (page 77)
Character
Crisostomo Ibarra
Symbolism
Crisostomo Ibarra symbolizes Jose Rizal himself. He exemplified the
vision that Jose Rizal had aimed for the youth of the Philippines during
Elias
his time.
Elias represents the common Filipino who is not only aware of the
injustices done to their countrymen but would also like to deliver them
from their oppressors. He is said to be the personification of Andres
Basilio
Bonifacio.
Basilio and his brother represents the innocents who have been wrongly
Sisa
accused of the crime they did not commit.
Sisa personified the suffering of the motherland. Named after Rizal’s
Padre Damaso
older sister, Narcisa.
Padre Damaso symbolizes the Spanish friars of Rizal's time and is a
comment on the Spanish control of the Philippines.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 5 Lesson 10 Assessment (page 82)
GOVERNMENT’S SHORTCOMINGS
Similarities
Rizal’s Time



Rizal’s time
Foreign (Spanish)
Government
No national laws
Friars and the church
are in control
Current Time

Similarities
Oppressive and
violent government


Current Time
Own Philippine
Government
Has existing
constitution and laws

CULTURAL PROBLEMS AMONG THE FILIPINO
Similarities
Rizal’s Time



Rizal’s time
Strictly catholic in
religion
Suppressed filipino
pride
Conservative and shy
Current Time

Similarities
Has bias with western
media and culture



Current Time
Has existing
constitution and laws
Flourishing Filipino
culture
Outspoken and
liberated
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 5 Lesson 11 Assessment (page 87)
1. Examine Rizal’s predictions in the entire summary and pick at least three.
2. Provide your insights as to why these predictions HAPPENED or DID NOT
HAPPEN at all and expound your answers.
3. Each answer to each prediction must be at least a paragraph long.
4. Pick another 2 predictions that you wish HAVE HAPPENED and explain why
a. Germany will not also take the risk of capturing the Philippines
I believe the prediction did happen because for Germany, invading the Philippines doesn’t
support their strategy. What I mean by that is that the common reason why they colonize
countries was because they wanted to occupy their natural borders; however, Philippines were
not so close from the natural borders of Germany. Also, other reason was to make the country
that they are going to invade as a base camp that would enable them to defeat Great Britain.
Hence, Philippines were not a possible target as a base for that strategy.
b. Japan might crush the Philippines but shall find Korea more attractive due to proximity
and must also keep an eye on Russia on its north.
I think the reason is to why Japanese were more interested on invading Korea aside from the
proximity was because of their iron and coal. Since Japan was not rich in natural resources,
Korea’s iron and coal became interesting for them. Hence, they are turning into a industrialize
country, so they are in need for the said resources. Along with that, Rizal’s prediction about
Japan keeping an eye on Korea’s north was justified since it really happened. The northern part
of Korea formed an ally with the Russians and that lead to them being separated into two
country. Hence, the reason might be because of the difference between principles, strategies, and
greediness upon the seat of power.
c. The Filipinos will become independent as it cannot stay in an abusive relationship with
Spain
It did happen because of the butterfly effect that was made possible by the eagerness of the
Filipinos to gain liberty. Also, it was driven by their desire to have sovereign and to govern their
own country. In line with that, the main reason why it did happen was because of the great desire
of the US on the Philippines. However, it was seen as a heroic approach since its façade was to
free Philippines from the hands of the Spaniards.
d. The Filipinos will be still under Spain but with conditions far better than what they had
in the past.
This prediction was one of those that didn’t happen. I just had this thought that what if it took
place and the Philippines is one of Spain’s province? Does our situation today will be the same?
Hence, I came up with the realization that the preservation of our culture may be possible since
the conditions might be approved. Also, the mindset of having inferiority complex may not be
widespread among Filipinos owing to the fact that the conditions will be far better than what they
had in past as per Rizal’s prediction.
e. England and Philippines will become active partner in commerce once the latter opens
up its ports
As far as my knowledge is concerned, after the Philippines opened its port to the world market in
1855, England wasn’t one of its active partners. So, in my lenses, it would be better to trade with
England and have one of their rich natural resources which are the coals. As it will help to
produce industrialized products. Also, they produce aircrafts and automobiles that would benefit
our country when we had it from the beginning.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
Unit 5 Lesson 12 Assessment (page 90)
1. Gumawa ng matrix na may paghahambing ng papel ng kababaihan sa lipunan sa
konteksto ng panahong kolonyal at sa kontemporaryong panahon. Ipakita ang
magkakatulad at magkakaibang identidad ng mga kababaihan, kalakip ang
kanilang mga naging tungkulin.
Kababaihan sa panahon ng
Pagkakapareha
Kababaihan sa
Kolonyal
kontemporaryong panahon
Ang papel ng kababihan ay Ang mga kababaihan simula Ang
papel
ng
mga
maipapakita sa patriyarkal na noon
magpa-hanggang kababaihan
sa
perspektibo na kung saan ang ngayon ay may malaking kontemporaryong panahon ay
dominanteng kasarian ay ang ambag
sa
pagbabago
ng parehas
na
mga kalalakihan. Ito ay dahil lipunan. Halimbawa na rito ginagawa
sa
impluwensiyang ang
mga
kababaihan
rin
sa
ng
mga
mga
na kalalakihan. Ito ay dahil sa
naipakalat ng mga dayuhan nakilahok sa himagsikan sa pag-usbong ng Pemenismo na
na ang mga kalalkihan ang iba’t-ibang
paraan
na naglulunsad
ng
may malaking karapatan sa kanilang alam at sa ang mga pagkakapantay-pantay
ng
lipunan. Ang mga patunay kababaihan sa kasalukuyan mga kasarian sa konteksto ng
nito ay ang kawalan ng na nagkaroon ng puwesto sa papel sa lipunan. Ang mga
karapatan ng mga kababaihan gobyerno na naging daan nila trabaho na dati ay para sa
na mag-aral, mag-trabaho ng upang
kinakailangan
ang
magpalaganap
lakas, kaayusan.
ng mga lalaki lamang ay malaya
na ring nagagawa ng mga
magkaroon ng posisyon sa
kababaihan
gobyerno
Karagdagan din ang papel ng
at
maging
ang
ngayon.
magkaroon
ng
propesyon.
mga kababihan sa tahanan ay
Ilan din sa mga patunay ay
hindi na lang bilang tagapag-
ang paniniwala na ang mga
alaga sa kaniyang pamilya
kababaihan ay pinanganak
ngunit nababasag na rin ang
upang
at
pamantayang ito ng lipunan
magluwal ng anak lamang.
na kung saan ang mga Ina ay
Pinupunla sa kanilang isipan
nakakapag-trabaho
na ito na ang silbi nila sa
malaya.
maging
mundo
at
asawa
wala
na
ng
nang
karapatan pa upang mangarap
ng
ibang
propesyon.
Karagdagan din ay ang mga
kababaihan
ay
maging
aktibo
pagpapayabong
inaasahang
sa
ng
paniniwala o ang pagiging
relihiyoso.
2. Papel repleksyon tungkol sa aktibong papel ng kababaihan sa pagtugon sa
kasalukuyang pangangailangan ng pamilya at bayan.
Ang mga nanay ay nagsisilbing "ilaw ng tahanan" na magiging tagapag-alaga at taga-aruga sa
mga anak, siya ang gagawa ng mga gawaing bahay. Sa isang pamilya, ang ina ang humahawak
sa pera o kita upang ibudget ang mga ito at magamit sa pagtugon sa pangunahing
pangangailangan ng pamilya.
Ito ang tradisyonal na gampanin ng kababihan noon. Ngunit sa pagbabago ng panahon, umunlad
at mas lumawak pa ang papel ng mga kababaihan sa kasulukuyang pangangailangan ng pamilya
at bayan.
Isang mahabang ebolusyon ang dinaanan ng mga kababaihan na mismong kasaysayan ang
makapagsasabi na ang kababaihan noon ay para lamang sa tahanan. Ilan lamang sa kanilang
tungkulin ay mag-alaga ng mga anak, magsilbi sa kanilang mga kabiyak, maglaba, magluto at
gumawa ng ilan sa mga gawaing bahay.Bilang lamang sa kamay ang mga tungkulin
ginagampanan nila.
May mga kababaihan tayong mga nagsisilbing lider at namumuno sa lipunan, kaya rin nilang
pamunuan at mapaunlad ang lipunang kanilang kinabibilangan.Nakikibahagi rin ang mga
kababaihan sa mga programa at proyekto tungo sa pag-unlad ng lipunan.
Leonard Israel F. Sauro
BSBA FM 2-1
GEED 10013 Life and Works of Rizal
FINAL ASSESSMENT
1. Explain the relationship between Rizal's writings, Noli me Tangere, El
Filibusterismo, annotation of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and Filipinas Dentro de
Cinaños.
The relationship between Rizal's writings, Noli me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, annotation of
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas and Filipinas Dentro de Cinanos are:
Noli me Tangere presents a reform through non-violent means, in El Filibusterismo presents
the reforms through revolution. Rizal’s annotation of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Rizal says
Philippines could have developed on its own into something great, and in Filipinas Dentro de
Cinanos, Rizal estimated the future of the Philippines in the span of a hundred years and
foretold the catastrophic end of Spanish rule in Asia.
All of Rizals’ writings boil down to the abolition of the western empire and restoring and
reclaiming Philippine freedom.
2. What are the major differences between Noli Me Tangere as compared to El
Filibusterismo? Elaborate your answer. How did the two novels affect the Filipino
quest for freedom?
Rizal wrote his master works, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, where he explored
the possibility of reform first and, upon exhausting that possibility within the colonial
framework, he also explored the possibility of revolution.
Noli Metangere and El Filibusterismo are two different novels though written by Dr. Jose
Rizal. In as much as they convey one story since El Fili is published in sequel or
continuation, the novels are different in several ways. First El Fill is a political novel
associated with revenge and anger, dedicated to Gomburza whereas Noli is a love story
dedicated to Rizal's motherland. Second, Noli is written in the concept that would expose the
ills of Philippine society after Harriet Beecher hence Noli is more on the reformist side of
Rizal while El Fili is on his revolutionist. Finally, Noli shows a soft-spoken, patient,
compassionate and idealistic Ibarra whereas El Fili featured a very different Ibarra who
portrayed the angry and vengeful side of him.
The two novels brought the idea that wars do not necessarily have to end through means
of violence. Noli calls on the Filipino to recover his self-confidence, to appreciate his own
worth, to return to the heritage of his ancestors and to assert himself as the equal of the
Spaniards. On the other hand, El Fili aimed at enlightening the society, and at bringing the
Filipinos closer to the truth, open their eyes to reality and rebel against the Spaniard
government for its oppression and abuse. In general, it is the novel that helped awaken the
Filipinos to fight for their freedom and stand with their rights.