INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
Does the picture speak of realities in the Philippines and the world? Why or why not? If these pictures will form a
collage, what will be its primary message? GLOBALIZATION
There was a time were most regions were economically self-sufficient. Locally produced foods, fuels and raw materials
were generally processed for local consumption. Trade between different regions were quite limited.
Today, the economies of most countries are so interconnected that they form part of a single, interdependent global
economy.
Globalization is arguably the most important factor currently shaping the world economy. Although it is not a new
phenomenon (waves of globalization can be traced back to the 1800s) the changes it is bringing about now occur far
more rapidly, spread more widely and have a much greater business, economic and social impact than ever before.
What is globalization?
 Is it the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe?
 Is globalization a force for economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom?
 Is it the dominance of developed countries in decisionmaking, at the expense of poorer, less powerful
nations?
 Does globalization only benefit the rich or can the poor take advantage of it to improve their well-being?
Defining Globalization
Globalization- refers to the increasingly global relationships of culture, people and economic activity.
 Most often, it refers to economics: the global distribution of the production of goods and services, through
reduction of barriers to international trade such as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.

Globalization is the homogenization of people’s tastes and demand patterns around the world, due to
increased access to international communication of information about products and services as well as
increased access to transportation of products and people across borders.

“Processes by which goods, services, capital, people, information, and ideas flow across national borders.”
(Grewal/Levy)

“Trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence among national
institutions and economies.” (Wild/Wild/Han)

“Globalization is both an active process of corporate expansion across borders and a structure of cross
border facilities and economic linkages that has been steadily growing and changing.” —Edward S.Herman
What are the characteristics of globalization?
• Connectivity
• Borderless Globe
• Free trade
• Cultural diversity
• Mobility
• Information technology changes
If there is such a thing as globalization, when did it begin?
Five different ways of thinking about what turns out to be a very complex issue – the origin of globalization.
1. HARDWIRED
2. CYCLES
3. PHASES
4. EVENTS
5. BROADER