Optional, Karl Christian A.
4 Year – Construction Major
Seatwork No. 2 - CES – 144
th
There are times when you must submerge your concrete members in water in locations
where water is abundant, and you must position your project in that exact location. In maritime
construction and deep foundations, underwater concreting is required. Concrete placement
underwater is becoming increasingly challenging due to the constant loss of cement and
segregation of concrete. Fortunately, there are numerous options for dealing with this problem.
1.) Tremie Method – a common technique
that is effective for pouring big amounts of
high flowable concrete. A pipe called tremie
pipe is used to deposit the concrete from a
hopper at the surface.
2.) Pumping Technique – An improved
method of the Tremie Method. It is a faster
way for concreting in difficult-to-reach
regions like beneath piers. Pumping has
various benefits that Tremie pipe does not,
such as immediately pouring concrete from
the mixer to
Fig. 1 – Illustration of a Tremie Method
formworks,
Lay
removing obstructions in the pipe since concreting is done by
pumping rather than gravity, and reducing the possibility of
segregation.
3.) Hydro Valve Method - To pour concrete, a flexible hose that
has been hydrostatically compressed is used. This procedure is both
inexpensive and straightforward compared to the other methods.
4.) Pneumatic Valve Method - Pneumatic valves are attached to
the concrete pipe line's termination.
5.) Skip Method - Underwater concreting with the Skip approach
is ideal for situations when a big quantity of concrete is required for
foundation stabilization but just a little amount of concrete is
required for various places. Skips were opened and closed during the shows.
Fig 2. – Pumping
Technique Illustration
6.) Tilting Pallet Barge Method - The concrete is laid in thin layers and is suitable for shallow
water. A tilting pallet is built along the deck of the barge, on which concrete is equally dispersed
and then freely falls into the sea.
7.) Preplaced Aggregate Concrete - For situations when
pouring regular concrete is problematic or impossible, the
precast aggregate concrete process is ideal. It entails
filling the forms with aggregate, then injecting concrete
into the bottom and filling the forms to the top.
8.) Toggle Bags Method - When only a small amount of
concrete is needed, the Toggle Bags technique comes in
handy. A reusable canvas bag is filled with concrete and
Fig. 3 – Preplaced Aggregate
Concrete Example
gently put into the designated area, then the concrete is released via an aperture at the bottom of
the bag.
Conclusion:
When only subterranean water is available in a certain location, the project engineers order water
trucks to suck the water out and dry it off. As a result, for our project, which is a school building
at Mercedes Central School, I opted to employ neither of the aforementioned approaches and
instead hire a water truck service to suck up the site's underground water.
REFERENCES USED:
J. Koussa, "Underwater Concreting Methods- Tremie Method Process and other Techniques,"
16 September 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/underwaterconcreting-methods-tremie-method-process-other-koussa.