A TECHNICAL REPORT ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE
SCHEME (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT:
DIGITAL SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGY;
22, EREKWERENWA STREET, TETLOW ROAD, OWERRI,
IMO STATE.
BY:
f
SUBMITTEDTO:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING,
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY,
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRI (FUTO).
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHALOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.Eng)
FROM 5TH APRIL TO 20TH AUGUST, 2021.
1
DECLARATION
If
2
DEDICATION
To my parents who have been a constant source of support and encouragement an
epitome of godly and loving parents.
To my siblings whose care and affection for me beats my understanding.
To every teacher who put every effort to see that they produce students who will one day
become better than themselves.
To every upcoming engineer who constantly works hard to help the world to be a better
place.
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to GOD Almighty, who granted me the grace, strength and knowledge to go
through my period of Industrial attachment successfully. My sincere appreciation to the
good people of DIGITAL SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGY, for their generous contribution
towards enabling me learns during the course of the program.
To my immediate family members, friends and extended family members who have also
contributed towards my academic career.
I appreciate you all for your efforts, belief and faith in me
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. 2
DEDICATION................................................................................................................. 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... 4
TABLE OF CONTENT................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................. 8
1.0
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 8
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES.................................................................................. 9
1.2 THE SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF SIWES. .............................................. 9
1.3 ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES
PROGRAMME AND THEIR ROLES ..................................................................... 10
1.4 THE ROLE OF THE STUDENT AND THE ORGANISATION ................... 11
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................... 13
2.0 ABOUT THE FIRM ......................................................................................... 13
2.1
COMPANY ORGANISATIONAL CHART (Organogram) .......................... 14
CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................... 15
3.0 SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED ................................................... 15
5
3.1 SATELLITE DISH .............................................................................................. 15
3.1.1
TYPES OF SATELLITE DISH .................................................................... 16
3.1.2
PARTS OF A SATELLITE DISH ................................................................ 18
3.1.3
BEST LOCATION FOR A SATELLITE DISH INSTALLATION ............ 21
3.1.4
KINDS OF SATELLITE DISHES IN NIGERIA......................................... 22
3.2 INTRODUCTION TO CCTV INSTALLATION ............................................ 32
3.2.1
USES OF CCTV ........................................................................................... 32
3.2.2
TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS .................................................................... 35
3.2.3
HOW TO INSTALL CCTV CAMERA ....................................................... 35
3.2.4
HOW TO CONNECT AN IP CAMERA SYSTEM ................................... 38
3.2.5
HOW TO CONFIGURE A SECURITY CAMERA RECORDER ON THE
NETWORK. .............................................................................................................. 43
CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................... 46
4.1 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING SIWES ......................................... 46
4.2
RELEVANCE OF SIWES PROGRAMME ................................................... 47
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................... 48
DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 48
5.0 GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRAMME ....................................... 48
5.1 WAYS OF IMPROVING THE PROGRAMME ............................................. 48
6
5.2 ADVICE FOR THE FUTURE PARTICIPANTS ............................................ 49
5.3 ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGERS .............................................................. 49
5.4 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 50
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 51
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
In the earlier days of science and technology in Nigeria, students were graduating from
their respective institutions without any technical knowledge or work experience. For this
reason, the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) was established by the
Industrial Training Fund (ITF) to resolve the problem of inadequate practical skills in
students, necessary for employment by industries in Nigeria. Since its beginning in 1973,
it has become an innovative phenomenon in human resources development and training
in our country today.
SIWES is a skill development program designed to prepare students of universities,
polytechnics and colleges of education for transition from the college environment to
work (Akerejola 2008). Oyedele (1990) state that work experience is an educational
program in which students participate in work activities while attending school. This
work experience program gives student the opportunity to be part of an actual work
situation outside the lecture room. SIWES is a cooperative industrial internship program
that involves institutions of higher learning, industries, and the federal government of
Nigeria, Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Nigeria Universities Commission (NUC) and
NBTE/NCCE in Nigeria. Students that participate in this work experience program
include those studying Computer Science, Information technology, Engineering,
Vocational, technological and related courses in institutions of higher learning. SIWES
8
forms part of the approved minimum academic standards in these institutions.
1.1
OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
Some of the objectives of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme among others
include;
To prepare students of the various tertiary institutions for the work situation they are
likely to meet after graduation;
ToprovideanavenueforstudentsintheNigerianuniversitiestoacquireindustrialskillsandexper
ienceduringtheircourseofstudy;
To allow the transition phase from school to the world of working environment easier and
facilitate students’ contact for later job placements;
To expose the students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in their universities;
To provide students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work
situation thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process and
prepare Students for employment in Industry and Commerce.
1.2
THE SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE OF SIWES.
The scheme covers all science and technological based courses in monotechnics,
polytechnics and universities in Nigeria, resulting in a high population of students
which is easily managed because of the public and private industries that partake in
the scheme. SIWES enables students acquire industrial know-how in their field of
9
study, particularly in technological based courses. It also enables students
experience the application of theoretical knowledge in solving real life problem
1.3
ORGANISATIONS INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES
PROGRAMME AND THEIR ROLES
The Federal Government, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), the Supervising
Agency, National Universities Commission (NUC), Employers of labor and
Institutions has specific roles to play in the management of SIWES. The roles are:
The Federal Government
• To provide adequate funds to the ITF through the Federal Ministry of Industry
for the scheme;
• To make it mandatory for all ministries, companies and parastatals to offer
places to students in accordance with the provisions of Decree No. 47 of 1971
as a mendedin 1990.
• Formulate policies to guide the running of the scheme nationally.
The Industrial Training Fund (ITF).This agency is to:
• Formulate policies and guidelines on SIWES for distribution to all the SIWES
participating bodies;
• Provide logistic material needed to administer the scheme;
• Organize orientation programs for students prior to attachment;
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• Provide information on companies for attachment and assist in industrial
placement of students;
• Supervise students on Industrial attachment;
• Accept and process Master and Placement lists from institutions and
supervising agencies;
• Vet and process students’ logbooks and ITF Form 8.
The Supervisory Agencies (NUC, NABTEB, etc.)
The NUC is to:
• Ensure the establishment and accreditation of SIWES unit/ Directorate in
institutions under their jurisdiction;
• Vet and approve Master and Placement lists of students from participating
institution and forward same to ITF; Fund SIWES Directorate adequately in
participating institutions;
• Direct for the appointment of full-time SIWES Coordinator/Director;
• Participate in the Biennial SIWES conferences and seminars in conjunction
with ITF.
1.4
THE ROLE OF THE STUDENT AND THE ORGANISATION
The student is to partake in the program in such a way that the purpose and
objectives of the program will be achieved at the end. The student is advised to ask
11
questions, be submissive, and adhere to all the rules and regulations of the
organization where he is attached. The student is required to genuinely fill his
logbook on a daily basis and get it signed at the end of every week and month by
the industrial based supervisor.
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0
ABOUT THE FIRM
Digital Solutions Technology is a telecommunication solutions company, mainly
into installation and maintenance of Electronics equipments such as CCTV
Camera, Digital CCTV Cameras, satellite dishes/ decoders, solar panels and
inverter batteries, as well as consultations for such related issues. Digital Solutions
Technology has gone from being a one man run business, to a complete
organization, with adequate resources to efficiently deliver their services to
patronizing customers in due time with diligent and dedicated workforce, with a
priority to ensure that every customer is totally satisfied.
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2.1
COMPANY ORGANISATIONAL CHART (Organogram)
DIGITAL SOLUTIONS TECHNOLOGY
CHIEF ENGINEER
Technical and Services
Management
Training
Sales
Installation
officer
Manager
Manager
Repair and
Sales of solar panel
Troubleshooting of
Internship
systems,
Electrical/Electronic
communication
equipment
devices and
electrical devices
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Installation of
satellite dishes
and cctv systems
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED
During the industrial attachment I was acquainted with two things which includes;
Satellite installation and maintenance
• Cctv camera system
• Satellite installation and maintenance
• Satellite dish
3.1 SATELLITE DISH
A satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive or
transmit information by radio waves to or from a communication satellite
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3.1.1 TYPES OF SATELLITE DISH
Motorized satellite
Motorized satellite as the name suggests, have a motor inside that allows them to
move and pick up different satellite signals. Most receivers can use motorized
dishes,
so
they
are
a
potential
option
for
most
homes.
Motorized Satellite Dish Systems opens up a whole new world of TV channels that
are available on the many satellites available in Europe. With an 80cm dish on a
motor you can receive hundreds of channels from around Europe and the World.
Without a Motorized Satellite Dish Systems then your choice is limited to the
satellites
that
the
single
dish
is
aligned
to.
A Motorized Satellite Dish Systems can receive channels from the following
groups of satellites : Astra 1 at 19 east, Astra 2 at 28 east, Astra 3 at 23 East,
Hotbird at 13 East, BAdr at 26 east, Nilesat at 7 West, Correctly aligned you will
have no problems receiving channels on all the satellites mentioned above. You
will, however, experience a slight delay when the dish has to move between
satellites locations, which is not an issue with a multi dish system.
In most cases we can use your existing dish with a motor, so you may not have to
buy another dish just the motor and installation costs!
STATIONARY SATELLITE DISHES
Stationary satellite dishes are static dishes. The installer will need to physically
16
align it with a geosynchronous satellite so that it can receive the signal. They come
in lots of different sizes.
ADVANTAGES OF STATIONARY SATELLITE DISH
It picks up a good number of signals.
Satellite is always in the same position.
Tracking of satellite by its earth stations is simplified.
ADVATAGES OF MOTORIZED SATELLITE DISH SYSTEMS
When using a motorized Satellite Dish System the user can use one satellite dish to
watch channels from different satellites.
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3.1.2 PARTS OF A SATELLITE DISH
Satellite dishes come in many different sizes, but you may have noticed that most TV
satellites that are used in homes look quite similar. They also contain the same basic parts
that allow them to receive and process radio waves beamed from satellites, passing them
inside to your TV.
THE VARIOUS PARTS OF A SATELLITE DISH INCLUDES;
THE DISH
The dish sits on or outside the home or business. Essentially, the dish is the middleman in
satellite television, receiving the broadcast signal from the orbiting satellite and passing it
along to your receiver where it can then be converted into the television programming
you
watch.
BOWL-SHAPED DISH
This is the largest part of the satellite dish. The parabolic shape of the dish is
designed to capture radio waves sent from a satellite and reflect them out onto a
single point.
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THE SUPPORT ARM
The support arm holds the feed horn the appropriate distance in front of the dish to
properly receive the waves.
THE FEED HORN
The feed horn is the device that juts out in the center of the dish . It received the
signal and sends it's to the low noise block converter (LNB).
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LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER (LNB).
This amplifies the signal and converts it to a lower frequency, sending it through a
cable to the satellite received inside
THE SATELLITE RECEIVER
This decodes the signal, splits it into individual channels and passes the video
information to your television.
In order for the satellite's parts to function as designed, it must be located in clear
view of the sky. The high frequency radio waves involved in satellite broadcasts
will be blocked by obstructions like buildings and mountains. It is important to
20
find an appropriate place to mount the dish so that it can receive the radio waves
from orbiting satellites.
3.1.3 BEST LOCATION FOR A SATELLITE DISH INSTALLATION
A satellite dish should be installed in an area with a good clear line of sight to the
satellites, free from obstructions like trees and walls.
A satellite dish should also be installed in an area that is sheltered from the winds, where
dish wobble is kept to a minimum. Rain and very heavy cloud cover can reduce the level
of signals from the satellite to the satellite dish. Even the largest 2.4m satellite dishes can
and will lose some of the weaker signal channels in very heavy rain. Bad weather affects
signals everywhere, even in the UK. There is not a lot that can be done about this, but
then in Spain they are blessed with a large amount of “non rain” days.
Satellite dishes can be wall or floor mounted.
With walls mounted satellite dishes, it is important that the wall is a good strong wall,
ideally concrete block. Red brick walls, very common in Spain, are not that strong, and
not suitable for the heavy “big” satellite dishes.
With floor mounted satellite dishes, ideally a concrete base or plinth should be
constructed to mount the floor stand on. It is important that this concrete plinth is
constructed well and given enough time to dry properly as I have visited several
installations by other companies whose concrete plinths have been constructed by using a
dry quick concrete mix or by making the surround with concrete breeze blocks and only
21
filling the middle of the square with concrete.
3.1.4 KINDS OF SATELLITE DISHES IN NIGERIA
GOTV SATELLITE
GOtv Nigeria is a pay to watch TV satellite in Nigeria powered by the multichoice
company. From information hold prospect, GOtv is now the best and most widely
used satellite in Nigeria, having up to 1+ million active Nigerian users. GOtv was
launched in Nigeria in October 2011 by multichoice having 21 stations for NGN
1000 per month with latest DVB-T2 technology at that time. Over these
years GOtv has spread all over Nigeria and have gained the likeness of many
Nigerians due to it low rate subscription cost and cheap decoder price. GOtv is a
low-cost digital television service that is offering a great selection of local channels
in Africa for Africans and as well as the best international channels.
GOTV SUBSCRIPTION PLANS
GOTV has 3 rocking subscription plans
GOtv Plus
GOtv Value
GOtv Lite
GOtv Subscription Prices
GOtv Plus Price – 1800
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GOtv Value Price – 1200
GOtv Lite Price – 400
The Gotv Plus plan has 38 General Entertainment and 7 Local channels
The Gotv Value plan has 23 General Entertainment 7 Local channels
The Gotv Lite plan has 11 General Entertainment 6 Local channels
STEPS INVOLVED IN INSTALLING GOTV SATELLITE
• Antenna assemblage
• Decoder setup
• Activation
ANTENNA ASSEMBLAGE
• Bring out the antenna
• Pull the antenna grid , passing through the center
23
• Put the cable in the yellow plastic material in the pack
• Join both the green and red plastic using the green and red object in the antenna
• Place the u shaped object at the middle of antenna , very close to the antenna grid
• Join the first pole to the antenna grid, and also join the second pole bracket with
nuts. Make sure that the yellow arrow is facing down.
• Put the antenna very close to the transmitter and where there will be no
obstruction.
DECODER INSTALLATION
After antenna assemblage the next thing to do is decoder installation.
These are the steps to install a Gotv decoder.
• Remove the decoder from packet and place it to its permanent location.
• Connect the Gotv decoder to a television by making use of AV wires.
• Connect the antenna and the decoder by making use of RF plug.
• Use power surge provided in the packet to connect the decoder to electricity.
24
• Unbolt the decoder and TV, and press the AV button.
• Now it will take you to the signal page and then Gotv logo page.
GOTV ACTIVATION
• Visit Gotv website http://eazy.gotvafrica.com
• Now scroll and click on the menu bar
• From the list that appear on the menu click activate
• It will take you to a page where you will be asked to input you personal details,
country and your Gotv decoder IUC number.
• Double check and verify the details provided and then click activate.
DSTV SATELLITE DISH
DStv (Digital Satellite Television) is Multi Choice's digital satellite TV service in
Africa, launched in 1995, providing various bouquets offering general
entertainment, movies, lifestyle & culture, sport, documentaries, news &
25
commerce, children, music, religion and consumer channels to Multi Choice
subscribers. DStv has around 8 million subscribers, with the majority being in
South Africa and Nigeria. These two markets are considered to be the most
important markets for DStv, although markets such as Kenya, Angola, Zimbabwe,
Uganda, Mauritius and Tanzania, though not having as many subscribers, are also
a focus point for DStv.
HOW TO INSTALL A DSTV SATELLITE DISH
•
Fix the mast firmly using a drill and Fischer plugs, after that bolt into position
facing an easterly direction. Ensure there is nothing (branches, houses etc)
obstructing the dish from the sky.
•
Fix the dish to the bracket, and allowing it to swivel up and down and from
side to side. The angles of the dish will be adjusted so that it faces the satellite.
•
Check and adjust the TV signal using the decoder
•
Fix the LNB (the device that fits onto the “arm” of the dish to get the signal) to
the receiver.
26
•
Connect the coaxial cable to the LNB of the dish, and, if it’s not already
connected into the “LNB In” port of the decoder.
•
Now, navigate to “menu” using the DStv remote .
•
Navigate to “general information”.
•
On the drop down of information bar, one will see “signal quality and
strength”.
•
He or she should be looking for up to 85 percent for both.
•
To get the best signal, move the dish up and down and from side to side, keep
adjusting and watching the reading on the decoder at same time. When it hits
the highest reading, lock it into place.
HOW TO CONNECT THE DSTV DECODER TO THE TELEVISION
Step 1. Provide all necessary materials. Av cables or HDMI cables for connection
of other devices like DVD, game console and other peripherals to the DStv
decoder
Step 2. Connect the decoder to TV by the audio and video AV cables to the TV
and the Decoder at the other end. Recent decoders support HDMI ports. Although
some decoders comes with both AV port and HDMI port. So, connecting HDMI
cables will be simpler as it only carries one single wire which has both the audio
and video.
27
Step 3. Turn on the decoder and TV. It should be display.
If one wants to add an extra TV to the DStv decoder, then he or she should get a
lengthy HDMI cable to do the connection. Also, one can use the DStv decoder at
another house by connecting using co-ax cable at the back of the decoder to the tv,
in the other room. no addittional tool is needed, even splitter will not be needed
due to the use of Coaxial.
STEPS INVOLVED IN INSTALLING STARTIMES SATELLITE DISH
Make sure that the satellite antenna is at a greater height.
Ensure that the dish antenna should face the direction of a transmission tower.
Ensure that the antenna is tightly fitted to the host in a way that it will not be
swinging or be doing to and fro movement; else, it will negatively affect the
reception of the signal.
Don’t fix trees especially tall trees, bushy trees, and groves, avoid high-tension
wire.
Step 1. Ensure you well Screw the antenna to the poll.
28
Step 2 tight the cable to the antenna
Steps 3 cover the joint properly to avoid rusting in the future.
Step 4 Tie the cable to the pole to avoid disconnection between the antenna and
cable when there is wind.
29
Step 5 point antenna toward StarTimes base station for good reception.
Step 6 plug the other end of the cable into the decoder. It is located at the back of
the decoder
30
Connect the decoder cable to the antenna properly to ensure that you have a good
viewer experience.
The cable wire for connection has a screw end which is expected to be connected
to the circuit box of the antenna making it face down. tight in the wire and ensure it
holds it firmly.
Insulate the cable screw end with any object that can prevent water from
penetrating inside. This is to avoid moisture contact resulting in rusting. Ensure
that the cable wire is fixed gently but firmly to the pole.
This is to make sure that the wire does not in any way swing or fall off as a result
of its weight thereby falling and disengaging from the antenna circuit box when
you must have lifted.
Ensure that the pole is raised very high and above any other obstruction like the
roof of your building, electric power wires, and trees.
The Startimes antenna should face relatively towards the transmission mast that is
31
close to that area.
Thereafter, Connect the other side of the cable wire to the “ANTENNA IN” port
behind the Startimes digital decoder. Switch ON the decoder, run a scan and it
should start.
3.2
INTRODUCTION TO CCTV INSTALLATION
Closed circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, Is the use of
video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors.
It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted,
though it may employ point-to-point (P2P), point-to-multipoint (P2MP), or mesh
wired or wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the
term is most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may need
monitoring such as banks, stores, and other areas where security is needed. Though
video telephony is seldom called 'CCTV' one exception is the use of video in
distance education, where it is an important tool.
3.2.1 USES OF CCTV
Crime prevention
CCTV can be use for preventing all forms of crime including burglary, theft, also
found that CCTV could decrease unruly behavior in football stadiums and theft in
supermarkets/mass merchant stores
Crime solving
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CCTV can also be used to help solve crimes In London alone, six crimes are
solved each day through CCTV footage .Sometimes, footage from CCTV camera's
of citizens can even be used for this purpose.
Body worn
In recent years, the use of body worn video cameras has been introduced for a
number of uses. For example, as a new form of surveillance in law enforcement,
with cameras located on a police officer's chest or head
Traffic monitoring
Many cities and motorway networks have extensive traffic-monitoring systems,
using
closed circuit television to detect congestion and notice accidents. Many of
these cameras however, are owned by private companies and transmit data to
drivers' GPS systems.
Increasing safety and security in public transport
A CCTV system may be installed where any example, on a driver only operated
train CCTV cameras may allow the driver to confirm that people are clear of doors
before closing them and starting the train
Sporting events
Many sporting events in the world use CCTV inside the venue for fans to see the
action while they are away from their seats. The cameras send the feed to a central
control center where a producer selects feeds to send to the television monitors that
33
fan can view CCTV monitors for viewing the event by attendees are often placed
in lounges, hallways, and restrooms. In a trial with CCTV cameras, football club
fans no longer needed to identify themselves manually, but could pass freely after
being authorized by the facial recognition system
Employee monitoring
Organizations use CCTV to monitor the actions of workers. Every action is
recorded as an information block with subtitles that explain the performed
operation. This helps to track the actions of workers, especially when they are
making critical financial transactions, such as correcting or cancelling of a sale,
withdrawing money or altering personal information.
Actions which an employer may wish to monitor could include:
Scanning of goods, selection of goods, introduction of price and quantity;
Input and output of operators in the system when entering passwords;
Deleting operations and modifying existing documents;
Implementation of certain operations, such as financial statements or operations
with cash;
Moving goods, revaluations crapping and counting;
Control in the kitchen of fast food restaurants;
Change
of
settings,
reports
and
34
other
official
functions.
Each of these operations is transmitted with a description, allowing detailed
monitoring of all actions of the operator. Some systems allow the user to search for
a specific event by time of occurrence and text description, and perform statistical
evaluation of operator behavior . This allows the software to predict deviations
from the standard work flow and record only anomalous behavior.
3.2.2 TYPES OF CCTV CAMERAS
(1)
Networking CCTV camera
(2)
Ip camera
(3)
Wireless/Tapeless Camera
3.2.3 HOW TO INSTALL CCTV CAMERA
What is needed to setup an IP camera system over the network?
The following 5 components comprise an IP based camera system that is setup
over a network.
PoE Switch that is 802.3af/at Compliant
At the heart of the whole network that pumps data between cameras and recorder is
the PoE
switch.
Powering and transmitting data from IP cameras requires
networking equipment to do so . IP cameras can be powered near the installation
point with 12 VDC adaptors, or can utilize PoE technology in the PoE switch that
provides power and data from one convenient device and over one cable.
35
It is very important to use PoE equipment that is compliant with 802.3af or 802.3
at standards, which ensures correct power delivery to the cameras. PoE switches
and injectors meant for wireless access points are Passive in their power delivery,
meaning they do not negotiate the correct power required for the camera.
Security Camera Recorder
The surveillance camera recorder is the brains of a surveillance system if you are
looking for a central location to manage, record, playback, and download recorded
video. The recorder in an IP camera system can be anyone of our DVRs or NVRs.
IP Security Cameras
Of course you will need IP security cameras as they are the eyes of a camera
system. IP cameras capture video and send it to the NVR as digital data through
the PoE switch.
CAT5e or CAT6 Network Cable
Good quality network cable is crucial for proper power and data transmission
between the cameras, PoE switch, and NVR. As explained in our network cable
page there are a variety of cable grades available. For runs over 150ft we always
recommend using a full copper CAT5e cable at the least which usually comes in a
role.
A PoE extender borrows a small amount of power to amplify the data signal and
send it down further. Here are a few tips for proper PoE Extender use
36
Use CAT6 full copper cable for all wire runs involved in the use of a PoE extender
to provide the best possible power transmission.
Do not use PoE extenders for cameras requiring more than 15W of power, which
includes PTZ IP cameras and long range night vision security cameras.
Internet Service Provider Modem/Router for Remote Viewing
While not required to setup an IP camera system, the last component is an internet
router. Often times a customer will already have an internet router, modem, or a
combination of the two provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). A router
ties together the whole network and routes data between switches, recorders, and
computers on the local network.
Router also enables a camera system to communicate through the internet for
remote viewing. We advise our customers to purchase their own router that is
separate from what an ISP provides. ISPs often sell or lease low-quality routers
that are not designed to handle the large amounts of video data involved in an IP
camera system, which creates a bottle neck for the cameras and recorder to
communication
37
3.2.4 HOW TO CONNECT AN IP CAMERA SYSTEM
Preparation
Before you install any cameras it is extremely important to bench test all
equipment to avoid the hassle of trouble shooting after installation. Bench testing is
also a good time to learn how to configure the cameras to record. Many times
improper cable crimping can lead to a lot of confusion. For proper network cable
crimping technique, please refer to the section above.
For installing an IP cameras system there is no "one size fits all" solution. It is a
good idea to plan the system ahead of time noting where each camera will be
installed. Label each camera and wire so that you do not confuse cameras when
connecting them to the NVR.
Planning
In the section below, we've made it simple to understand the different ways that
components of a NVR camera system or IP camera system can be connected to
each other. Please spend sometime watching the videos to understand the common
methods to connect a NVR and PoE switch together. The way all components are
connected together depends on the following factors:
The number of uplink (LAN) ports present on the PoE switch
The number of LAN ports present on the NVR
Whether a strong router is present on the network that is capable of handling the
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large amount of continuous data traffic required for surveillance cameras on the
network Whether it is more convenient to run a cable directly from the PoE switch
to the NVR or router.
Method1: PoE Switch with 1 Uplink Port to Router
Our first method diagram shows how a PoE switch with one uplink should be setup
to connect network cameras to the network. The
PoE switch is connected to a
router using its uplink port, and the NVR is connected to the router directly as well.
Cameras communicate through the PoE switch and the router. Since everything is
on the same network, the NVR or DVR recorder is able to communicate with the
cameras through the router.
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Briefly, here is a list of simple steps:
First connect the NVR's LAN port to a LAN (numbered port) port on the router.
Connect the uplink port of the PoE switch to a different LAN (numbered port) port
on the router.
Connect a PoE camera to one of the PoE ports of the PoE switch.
The router "networks" the switch and NVR together, meaning it creates a flow of
camera data from the PoE switch to the NVR.
Method 2: PoE Switch with 2 Uplink Ports to connect Router and NVR
In this section we discuss how to setup an IP system using a PoE switch that has 2
up link ports. This approach is advantageous as it allows the NVR to be connected
directly to the switch and fetch data from the cameras without having data bog
down
the
router.
The
below
diagram
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illustrates
this
setup.
It is also an easy process, involving the following 3 steps:
First connect the NVR's LAN port to the uplink port on the switch.
Connect the second uplink port of the PoE switch to a LAN (numbered port) port
on the router.
Connect a PoE camera to one of the PoE ports on the PoE switch.
While we have the NVR located close to the switch in our example, it can be
placed up to 300 ft away from a network switch
Method 3: PoE Switch with 2 uplink ports to add Additional cameras
This method is applicable if you purchased a PoE NVR and are trying to add IP
camera sover the network. The LAN port on a PoE NVR is the network port that is
separate from the grouped PoE ports on the back of the NVR. Connect the LAN
port to an uplink port
on the PoE switch as shown below, or you can even connect it directly to the
router. Connect the other uplink port on the PoE switch to the router. The cameras
connect to the PoE switch.
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3.2.5 HOW TO CONFIGURE A SECURITY CAMERA RECORDER ON
THE NETWORK.
After physically connecting the security camera recorder to the network, the first
thing to do is to set its IP address that conforms to your network. You'll want to set
the recorder to a static IP address that matches your network scheme.
Change the recorder's IP address to match the network
All of our IP cameras, NVRs and DVRs ship with a default address of
192.168.1.108. A duplicate IP address conflict is going to happen if you try to
connect multiple cameras and recorder without setting each to a distinct IP address.
As a first step it is important to change the IP address on the recorder before
attempting to connect any cameras. The new IP address cannot be used for any
other devices or cameras. The new address must match the existing network
scheme or range.
Verify the NVR is communicating on the network
To verify that the NVR is properly configured to communicate on the network run
the Ping command on a PC that is connected to the same router as the NVR.
Initialize and connect an IP Security Camera
Initializing the camera on a 192.168.1.1 network
After the equipment is physically connected it is easy to configure and start
recording each camera. CCTV Camera World's NVR and DVRs support
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initializing and configuring an IP address on a camera from the Camera
Registration menu in the user interface of the NVR or DVR.
Initializing the camera on a network other than 192.168.1.1
After the NVR is configured to communicate on the non-192.168.1.xxx network
you must initialize and configure the cameras to be on the same network
.Conveniently our recorders support initialization and configuration even if the
camera is on a different network.
Once you have cameras connected and viewable from the NVR you are all set.
Repeat the process for each camera that25 you plan to deploy. Be sure to set each
camera to a different IP address.
Tips and tricks for adding cameras to an IP security camera system
Here are some preparation tips you should read before connecting any cameras:
It is very important to connect only one camera at a time when initializing and
configuring their IP addresses. Having multiple cameras with the same IP address
causes a confliction the network and prevents the NVR from successfully
modifying configurations.
Ping the network to find an available IP address range. If you are unsure how to
check if an IP address is available, please refer to Step 2 above.
Planning the system out before configuration is a great idea as well. Make a list of
IP addresses for each camera that will be connected to the system. This helps avoid
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duplicate IP addresses being assigned. The table below can be used as a good
frame work to document each camera and its IP address in your surveillance
system
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING SIWES
During my IT period, I faced challenges such as;
•
Inability of firms, organizations, companies to accept IT students, and to
dedicate quality time towards educating and enlightening them about work
etiquette.
•
Inability of the university to provide a more suitable office or workshop for
SIWES students.
•
Lack of trust and confidence on the side of the organizations towards
students on Industrial attachment.
•
There was problem of accommodation within the company which was a
serious challenge for students on attachment leaving them with no option
than to rent apartments in nearby settlements.
This was another challenge for students leaving in nearby settlement due to lack of
accommodation within the company. Despite a means transportation provided by
the company to convey workers to and fro, there was either late arrival of the
vehicle or failure to turn up which leave the students with no option than to pay for
transport fair since they are after knowledge.
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4.2
RELEVANCE OF SIWES PROGRAMME
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is aimed at exposing
students to the practical work of what they are taught in the class so as to have
better understanding of what they are taught.
The industrial experience scheme is an opportunity to work and have the real
practical skills needed. The academic work serves as a platform to know and
understand the components, the various aspects, the theories, laws, principles,
techniques and diverse areas of computer science which serves as the basis for
understanding what would be done practically as well as selecting the area of
specialization in accordance with the choice of company to work with during the
SIWES training. My Academic work made me to understand what I did well
during my IT because some terms were used during my training of which were not
explained in details but my academic knowledge made me understand what was
being taught.
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CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
5.0
GENERAL APPRAISAL OF THE PROGRAMME
Having gone through the industrial training, I have the following suggestions to
make for the effectiveness of Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme
(SIWES).
Government should endeavor to improve business relationships with companies
that accommodate SIWES students, as a way of adding importance to the scheme,
in reality.
Students should be paid before or during their period of attachment to assist them
during the training.
The supervisor should be those acquainted with the fields the students are attached.
Also, the students should be asked whether or not they have been given appropriate
training during supervision.
Proper orientation should be given to students expected to go on industrial training
to go and obtain knowledge rather than taking it as a medium to make money.
5.1
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE PROGRAMME
Solution to the inability of organizations to accept students; It should be inscribed
in the constitution that companies, organizations are to accept students from the
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nations’ higher institute of learning on SIWES, and failure to do that will lead to
some sort of penalty.
The fund provided by ITF to students should be paid if possible during the
program as some of the students go financially bankrupt which makes the program
stressful and unconducive or even if it should be paid after the program it should
be done on time to help them in one way or the other.
Organizing workshops, seminars and symposium for students in various faculties
in other to keep the student a breast of new technologies and innovations.
5.2
ADVICE FOR THE FUTURE PARTICIPANTS
Students on SIWES should try to make themselves available at their places of work
no matter what regardless of them been paid there or not as their aim is to acquire
knowledge.
Students on SIWES should adhere strictly to rules and regulations designed by the
organization most especially those in companies should adhere strictly to safety
regulations.
Students should be good ambassadors of their institutions of learning.
5.3
ADVICE FOR SIWES MANAGERS
a. Funds allocated to students for the program should be released to them as soon
as the SIWES supervisors pay their first visit or immediately after the program.
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SIWES management staff should ensure that SIWES supervisors visit students in
their places of attachment at least twice.
If possible SIWES body should liaise with the organization on the welfare of
students on attachment such as accommodations.
5.4
CONCLUSION
This industrial training has afforded me the basic practical and theoretical
knowledge that I may not have gotten from the lecture room. It also gave me the
opportunity to have a feel of what it would be like after graduation when I start
working
In conclusion, based on my experience during the program, I have learnt and
gained a lot such as:
I can confidently and effectively educate pupils, parents, students, military, and
local Governments in satellite dish installation.
I can effectively handle the demands of the information system of the university
and consequently, any Organization I find myself in future.
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REFERENCES
Adrian Waygood, An Introduction to Mechanical Science (Milton Park,
Abingdon,Oxon: Routledge , 2013), p.40.
Albert Jackson; David Day, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to (New
York: Hearst Books, 2009), p.282.
Computer network definition, archived fromtheoriginalon2012-01-21, retrieved
2011-11-12
Designing and Building a Campus Wireless Network"(PDF).MCNC.2012 Posinna,
Mariddetta (Apr1, 2014)."different types of fiber optic cables".
HFCL. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
S. Deering; R. Hinden (December 1995), Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6)
Specification, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF),RFC1883
Ugwuanyi Ezema, Challenges of SIWES in Library and Information Science in the
ICT Environmen t. Retrieved October18,2013 from; Understanding VLAN
Trunk Protocol (VTP) at Cisco.
WEBSITES
https://10.2.27.8
https://www.netacad.com/login/studentresources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication
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