APA Style Guide – 7th Edition
PRINT SOURCES
Book
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title. Publisher.
Examples: Arnheim, R. (1971). Art and visual perception. University of California Press.
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal
publication. American Psychological Association.
Note: For author, use the last name or surname and initials for first and middle names. List all authors up to twenty names. If
more than twenty authors, see Section 9.8 of the Publication Manual and Example 4 in Chapter 10.
A Chapter in a Book
Format:
Chapter Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Chapter title. In Editors (Eds.),
Book title (Chapter Page numbers). Publisher.
Examples: Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H.L.
Pick Jr., P. van den Broek, & D. C. Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and
methodological issues (pp. 51-84). American Psychological Association.
Note: If there are no editors, include the word “In” before the book title.
Note: For chapter in a volume in a series, list the series editor first and the volume editor second.
Article in a Reference Book
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Article title. Title of dictionary or
encyclopedia. (Volume, Page numbers). Publisher.
Examples: Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New encyclopedia Britannica (15th ed., Vol. 26, pp.
501-508). Encyclopedia Britannica.
Pink salmon. (1983). In Field guide to Pacific coast fishes (p. 76). Houghton Mifflin.
Note: If no author, the title moves to the author position, and the entry is alphabetized by the first significant word of the title.
Magazine Article
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Article title. Periodical Title,
Volume(Issue number, if available), Page numbers.
Example: Kauffmann, S. (1993, October 18). Stanley Kauffmann on films. The New Republic, 209(16),
30-31.
Note: If the magazine is published monthly, then list the year and then the month - e.g. (1999, May).
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020
Journal Article
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Article title. Periodical Title,
Volume(Issue number, if available), Page numbers.
Example: Harlow, H. F. (2018). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of
Psychology, 55(2), 893-896.
Note: If the journal uses continuous pagination, list only the volume number, (e.g. International Education, 14 …) If each
issue of the journal begins on page 1, however, list the issue number after the volume, (e.g. Mosaic, 19(3)) For multiple authors,
list all authors up to twenty names. If more than twenty authors, see Section 9.8 of the Publication Manual and Example 4 in
Chapter 10.
Note: If a DOI has been assigned to the article, APA recommends including it at the end of the citation.
Newspaper Article
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Article title. Newspaper Title, Page
Format:
numbers.
Monson, M. (2017, September 16). Urbana firm obstacle to office project. The Champaign-
Example:
Urbana News-Gazette, pp. 1, 8.
Government Publication
Format:
Government Agency. (Date). Title (Report number, if applicable). Publisher.
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS
Example:
Publication No. ADM 90-1679). U.S. Government Printing Office.
INTERNET AND ELECTRONIC SOURCES
Website with No Author, Date, or Pages
Format:
Name of Site. (Date). URL (address of web site)
Example: Webhosting.com. (n.d.). http://www.webhosting.com
Note: If no date is listed, put “n.d.” Include retrieval dates only if text may potentially change over time, such as news articles.
Page from a Website
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title of work. URL (address of web site)
Example: Ahmadi, S. (2018). Lesson plan: Filter bubbles. Digital Writing & Research Lab.
https://www.dwrl.utexas.edu/2018/01/02/lesson-plan-filter-bubbles/
Note: If no date is listed, put “n.d.” Include retrieval dates only if text may potentially change over time, such as news articles
Document Available on a University Program or Department Website
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title of work. URL (address of web site)
Example: Johnson, K. A., & Becker, J. A. (n.d.). The whole brain atlas. Harvard Medical School.
http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/
Note: If citing one page from a multi-page website, identify the host organization and department before giving the web address
for the document itself.
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020
Online Book and Chapter/Section of an Online Book
Format:
Example:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title. Publisher Name often shortened.
Evans, C. L. (2016). Improving the health of honey bees and other pollinators: National
strategy and research action plan. Nova Science.
Chapter/
Section
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title of chapter. In Title of
Chapter/
Section
Example:
DiAngelo, R. (2018). The Good/bad binary. In White fragility: Why it’s so hard for white
book. Publisher Name often shortened. DOI if available
people to talk about racism. Beacon.
Note: For ebooks, no database name is needed.
Note: If ebook is assigned a DOI, give the DOI. No web address is needed.
Article from a Web Periodical (not from a database)
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue
Format:
number, if available), Page numbers. https://doi.org/xxxxx OR URL (address of web site)
Example: Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography.
European Journal of Marketing, 41(11/12), 1245-1283.
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821161
Note: If no DOI is assigned, give the web address of the journal home page.
Journal Article from a Library Database (i.e. Eagles E-Search, ProQuest Central, etc.)
Format:
Author(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Date). Article title. Journal Title, Volume(Issue
number, if available), Page numbers. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Example: Lever, A. (2009). Liberalism, democracy, and the ethics of voting. Politics, 29(3), 223-227.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2009.01359
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of
resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117123. http://www.jbr.com
Note: The APA Manual (7th ed.) recommends not including the database or the URL of the journal home page for online
articles without a DOI.
Online Government Publication
Government Name. Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle (Report
Format:
No. xxx [if available]). URL of specific document
Example: Environment Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service. (2004). The 1995 peregrine falcon survey in
Canada. U. Banasch & G. Holroyd (Eds). (Occasional Paper no. 110). http://www.cwsscf.ec.gc.ca/publications/AbstractTemplate.cfm?lang=e&id=1067
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020
Blog Post
Format:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name {as it appears on the
blog}. (Year, Month Day {of post}). Title of specific post. Site name (if needed). URL of
specific post
Example: MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: The unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of
partitioning your mind. Science.
http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php
Note: If the author’s name is not available, provide the screen name.
MEDIA SOURCES
Film
Format:
Contributor(s) Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Contributor’s Role). (Date). Title [Format
e.g. Film or DVD with commentary]. Name of Studio.
Examples: Elsanhouri, T. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2005). All about Darfur [DVD with commentary].
Newsreel Media.
Melfi, T. (Director). (2016). Hidden figures [Film]. Levantine Films.
Television Series/Episode
Format:
Executive Producer Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Executive Producer). (Year). Title of
show [Format e.g. TV series or DVD with commentary]. Production Company; Production
Company.
Examples: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour
[Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.
Mehlman, P. (Writer), Franklyn, J. (Writer), & Ackerman, A. (Director). (1997). The Yadda
Yadda [TV series episode]. In J. Seinfeld, G. Shapiro, & H. West (Executive Producers),
Seinfeld. Castle Rock Entertainment; NBC Universal.
Podcast Episode
Format:
Episode Host Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Host). (Episode Airdate Year, Month Day).
Episode title (Episode number) [Format]. In Series Title. Production Company. URL of
podcast episode, if applicable
Example: O’Brien, C. (Host). (2020, July 6). Tom Hanks (Ep. 79) [Audio podcast episode]. In Conan
O’Brien needs a friend. Team Coco. https://www.earwolf.com/episode/tom-hanks-2/
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020
YouTube Video
Format:
Creator Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Creator screen name. (Date). Video title
[Video file]. URL (address of web site)
Examples: Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file].
YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs
A Painting, Sculpture, Photograph, or Image
Format:
Creator Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Creator alias. (Year of Publication if
available). Title of the artwork [Format]. Title of the Website. URL (address of web site)
Examples: Banksy. (2004). Gangsta rat [Online image]. Artsy. https://www.artsy.net/artwork/banksygangsta-rat-113
Baumel, A. (2010). Cholera treatment center in Haiti [Online image]. Doctors Without Borders.
https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org
[Untitled illustration of a sleeping dog]. Sleeping Animals.
http://www.sleepinganimals/pix.com
Note: For untitled works, create a brief title and place in brackets, unitalicized as shown in third example.
Note: For works reproduced in a printed source, the plate/image no. (or page on which image is printed) should follow
publisher’s name.
Interview/Personal Communication:
“Because they do not provide recoverable data, personal communications are not included in the
reference list. Cite personal communications in text only. Give the initials as well as the surname of
the communicator, and provide as exact a date as possible.”
Example of in-text citation: T.K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)
Reference Citation in Text:
In the text of your paper, you must document the source from which you are quoting or paraphrasing.
When paraphrasing, cite the author and date of the work. For quotations, cite the author, date and page
number (use paragraph numbers for electronic text). This enables the reader to locate in your
References list the source you used. Note that if a work has no author, you must use the title for the intext citation. There are two basic methods for in-text citations:
Integrating the author’s name into the sentence: Walker (2000) compared reaction times . . .
Including the author’s name in a parenthetical citation: In a recent study of reaction times
(Walker, 2000) . . .
For works with 2 authors:
Always list both authors' surnames every time you refer to that work. NOTE: When there are
two authors and is used in the text; & is used in the parenthetical citation. Examples:
As Nightlinger and Littlewood (1993) demonstrated, . . .
. . . as has been shown by their study (Nightlinger & Littlewood, 1993).
For works with 3 or more authors:
List only the surname of the first author followed by et al. Examples:
Eley et al. (1999) studied differences in . . .
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020
. . . found that more research needed to be done (Eley et al., 1999).
Source
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
Examples provided by:
APA Style Blog https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/
Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170330
Columbia College Library https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/c.php?g=713274&p=5082913
The Online Writing Lab [OWL] at Purdue University
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_
format.html
Please reach out with any questions to library@post.edu
Revision – 8/26/2020
Revised with permission from Highline College Library August 2020