10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
Boeing 314 Clipper
The Boeing 314 Clipper was an American long-range
flying boat produced by Boeing from 1938 to 1941. One
of the largest aircraft of its time, it had the range to
cross the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. For its wing,
Boeing re-used the design from the earlier XB-15
bomber prototype. Twelve Clippers were built, nine of
which served with Pan Am.
Boeing 314 Clipper
Contents
A Boeing 314 flying low
Design and development
Operational history
Retirement
Role
Flying boat airliner
Variants
Manufacturer
Boeing Airplane Company
Operators
First flight
June 7, 1938
Surviving aircraft
Introduction
1939
Specifications (314A Clipper)
Retired
1948
See also
Status
Retired
Notes
Primary users
Pan American World Airways
British Overseas Airways
Corporation
United States Navy
Produced
1938–1941
Number built
12
National origin United States
Bibliography
External links
Design and development
Pan American had requested a flying boat with unprecedented
range that could augment the airline's trans-Pacific Martin M130. Boeing's bid was successful and on July 21, 1936, Pan
American signed a contract for six. Boeing engineers adapted the
cancelled XB-15's 149 ft (45 m) wing, and replaced the 850 hp
(630 kW) Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp radial engines with the
1,600 hp (1,200 kW) Wright Twin Cyclone.[1] Pan Am ordered six
more aircraft with increased engine power and capacity for 77
daytime passengers as the Boeing 314A.
The Yankee Clipper in 1939
The huge flying boat was assembled at Boeing's Plant 1 on the
Duwamish River in Seattle, and towed to Elliott Bay for taxi and
flight tests. The first flight was on June 7, 1938, piloted by Edmund T. "Eddie" Allen. At first the
aircraft had a single vertical tail, and Allen found he had inadequate directional control. The aircraft
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
1/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
returned to the factory and was fitted with the endplates on the ends of the horizontal tail in place of
the single vertical fin. This too was found to be insufficient and finally the centerline vertical fin was
restored, after which the aircraft flew satisfactorily.[2]
The 314 used a series of heavy ribs and spars to create a robust fuselage and cantilevered wing,
eliminating the need for external drag-inducing struts to brace the wings. Boeing also incorporated
Dornier-style sponsons into the hull structure.[3] The sponsons, broad lateral extensions at the
waterline on both sides of the hull, served several purposes: They provided a wide platform to
stabilize the craft while floating, they acted as a gangway for boarding and exiting, and they possessed
intentional shaping to contribute additional aerodynamic lift in flight. Passengers and their baggage
were weighed, with each passenger allowed up to 77 pounds (35 kg) free baggage allowance (in the
later 314 series) but then charged $3.25 per pound ($7.2/kg) (equivalent to $60 in 2020) for
exceeding the limit.[4] To fly the long ranges needed for trans-Pacific service, the 314 carried 4,246 US
gallons (16,070 l; 3,536 imp gal) of gasoline. The later 314A model carried a further 1,200 US gallons
(4,500 l; 1,000 imp gal). A capacity of 300 US gallons (1,100 l; 250 imp gal) of oil was required for
operation of the radial engines.
Pan Am's "Clippers" were built for "one-class" luxury air travel, a
necessity given the long duration of transoceanic flights. The
seats could be converted into 36 bunks for overnight
accommodation; with a cruising speed of 188 miles per hour
(303 km/h) (typically flights at maximum gross weight were
flown at 155 miles per hour (249 km/h)) in 1940, Pan Am's
schedule San Francisco to Honolulu was 19 hours. The 314s had a
lounge and dining area, and the galleys were crewed by chefs
The California Clipper at Cavite, the
from four-star hotels. Men and women were provided with
Philippines, 1940
separate dressing rooms, and white-coated stewards served five
and six-course meals with gleaming silver service. The standard
of luxury on Pan American's Boeing 314s has rarely been matched on heavier-than-air transport since
then; they were a form of travel for the super-rich, priced at $675 (equivalent to $12,000 in 2020)
round trip from New York to Southampton.[5] Most of the flights were transpacific, with a one-way
ticket from San Francisco to Hong Kong via the "stepping-stone" islands posted at $760 (equivalent to
$14,000 in 2020).[6] The Pan Am Boeing 314 Clippers brought exotic destinations like the Far East
within reach of air travelers and came to represent the romance of flight. Transatlantic flights to
neutral Lisbon and Ireland continued after war broke out in Europe in September 1939 (and until
1945), but military passengers and cargoes necessarily got priority, and the service was more spartan.
Equally critical to the 314's success was the proficiency of its Pan Am flight crews, who were extremely
skilled at long-distance, over-water flight operations and navigation. For training, many of the
transpacific flights carried a second crew.[7] Only the very best and most experienced flight crews
were assigned Boeing 314 flying boat duty. Before coming aboard, all Pan Am captains as well as first
and second officers had thousands of hours of flight time in other seaplanes and flying boats.
Rigorous training in dead reckoning, timed turns, judging drift from sea current, celestial navigation,
and radio navigation were conducted. In conditions of poor or no visibility, pilots sometimes made
successful landings at fogged-in harbors by landing out to sea, then taxiing the 314 into port.[8]
Operational history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
2/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
The first 314 flight on the San
Francisco-Hong Kong route left
Alameda on February 23, 1939 with
regular passenger and Foreign Air
Mail Route #14 (http://www.aeroda
cious.com/FAM014.HTM)
service
[9][10]
beginning on March 29.
A oneway trip on this route took over six
days to complete. Commercial
passenger service lasted less than
three years, ending when the United
States entered World War II in
December 1941.
Flown "triptych" cover
carried around the world on
PAA Boeing 314 Clippers
and Imperial Airways Short
S23 flying boats June 24 –
July 28, 1939
Boeing 314 in US Navy colors, c.
1942
The Yankee Clipper flew across the
Atlantic
on
a
route
from
Southampton to Port Washington,
Boeing 314 Clipper in Shediac Bay,
New York with intermediate stops at
c. 1941
Foynes in Ireland, Botwood in
Newfoundland, and Shediac, New
Brunswick. The inaugural trip occurred on June 24, 1939.
The success of the six initial Clippers had led Pan Am to place an order
for six improved 314A models to be delivered in 1941, with the goal of
doubling the service on both Atlantic and Pacific routes. However, the fall of France in 1940 caused
some doubt about whether the Atlantic service could continue; passenger numbers were already
reduced by the war, and if Spain or Portugal were to join the Axis, then the flights to Lisbon would be
forced to stop. Pan Am began to consider reducing its order and, in August 1940, reached an
agreement to sell three of the six under construction to the United Kingdom. The aircraft were to be
operated by the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and were primarily intended for the
UK – West Africa route, as existing flying boats could not travel this route without stopping in Lisbon.
The sale made a small net profit for Pan Am – priced at cost plus 5% – and provided a vital
communications link for Britain, but was politically controversial. In order to arrange the sale, the
junior minister Harold Balfour had to agree to the contract with no government approval, leading to
stern disapproval from Winston Churchill and lengthy debate by the Cabinet over the propriety of the
purchase.[11] Churchill later flew on the Bristol and Berwick,[12] which he praised intensely,[11] adding
to the Clippers’ fame during the war.[13]
At the outbreak of the war in the Pacific in December 1941, the Pacific Clipper was en route to New
Zealand from San Francisco. Rather than risk flying back to Honolulu and being shot down by
Japanese fighters, it was directed to fly west to New York. Starting on December 8, 1941 at Auckland,
New Zealand, the Pacific Clipper covered over 31,500 mi (50,700 km) via locations including
Surabaya, Karachi, Bahrain, Khartoum and Leopoldville. The Pacific Clipper landed at Pan
American's LaGuardia Field seaplane base at 7:12 on the morning of January 6, 1942.[14]
Pan Am's Clipper fleet was pressed into US military service during World War II, and the flying boats
were used for ferrying personnel and equipment to the European and Pacific fronts. The aircraft were
purchased by the War and Navy Departments and leased back to Pan Am for a dollar, with the
understanding that all would be operated by the Navy once four-engined replacements for the Army's
four Clippers were in service. Only the markings on the aircraft changed: The Clippers continued to be
flown by their experienced Pan Am civilian crews. American military cargo was carried via Natal,
Brazil to Liberia, to supply the British forces at Cairo and even the Russians, via the Persian Corridor.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
3/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
The Model 314 was then the only aircraft in the world that could make the 2,150-statute-mile
(3,460 km) crossing over water.[15] The Army gave the aircraft the designation C-98, but the Navy—
which used a different designation system at the time—disregarded this designation and operated the
aircraft under the company designation B-314.[16] Since the Pan Am pilots and crews had extensive
expertise in using flying boats for extreme long-distance over-water flights, the company's pilots and
navigators continued to serve as flight crew. In 1943, President Franklin D. Roosevelt traveled to the
Casablanca Conference in a Pan-Am crewed Boeing 314 Dixie Clipper.[12]
After the war, several Clippers were returned to Pan American hands. However, even before hostilities
had ended, the Clipper had become obsolete. The flying boat's advantage had been that it didn't
require long concrete runways, but during the war a great many such runways had been built for
heavy bombers.[12] New long-range airliners such as the Lockheed Constellation and Douglas DC-4
were developed. The new landplanes were relatively easy to fly, and did not require the extensive pilot
training programs mandated for seaplane operations. One of the 314's most experienced pilots said,
"We were indeed glad to change to DC-4s, and I argued daily for eliminating all flying boats. The
landplanes were much safer. No one in the operations department... had any idea of the hazards of
flying boat operations. The main problem now was lack of the very high level of experience and
competence required of seaplane pilots".[17]
Retirement
The last Pan Am 314 to be retired, the California Clipper
NC18602, in 1946, had accumulated more than a million flight
miles.[18] Of the 12 Boeing 314 Clippers built, three were lost to
accidents, although only one of those resulted in fatalities: 24
passengers and crew aboard the Yankee Clipper NC18603 lost
their lives in a landing accident at Cabo Ruivo Seaplane Base, in
Lisbon, Portugal on February 22, 1943. Among that flight's
passengers were prominent American author and war
correspondent Benjamin Robertson, who was killed, and the
American singer and actress Jane Froman, who was seriously
injured.[19]
BOAC Clipper Berwick landing at
Lagos, Nigeria.
Pan-Am's 314 was removed from scheduled service in 1946 and the seven serviceable B-314s were
purchased by the start-up airline New World Airways. These sat at San Diego's Lindbergh Field for a
long time before all were eventually sold for scrap in 1950. The last of the fleet, the Anzac Clipper
NC18611(A), was resold and scrapped at Baltimore, Maryland in late 1951.
BOAC's 314As were withdrawn from the Baltimore-to-Bermuda route in January 1948, replaced by
Lockheed Constellations flying from New York and Baltimore to Bermuda.[20]
Variants
Model 314
Initial production version with 1,500 horsepower (1,100 kW) Twin Cyclone engines, six built for
Pan Am.
Model 314A
Improved version with 1,600 horsepower (1,200 kW) Twin Cyclones with larger-diameter
propellers, additional 1,200 US gallons (4,500 l; 1,000 imp gal) fuel capacity, and revised
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
4/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
interior. Still air range approx 4,700 miles.[21] Six built, three for Pan Am and three sold to
BOAC.
B-314
Five Model 314s pressed into military service with the U.S. Navy
C-98
Four Model 314s pressed into military service with the U.S. Army Air Forces
Model 306
A concept aircraft using a Model 314 fuselage with a tailless delta-wing planform. No examples
built.
Operators
United States
Pan American World Airways
United States Army Air Forces
United States Navy
World Airways
United Kingdom
British Overseas Airways Corporation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
5/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
Aircraft operated by Pan Am
Registration
Type
Name
In service
Remarks
NC18601
314
Honolulu
Clipper
1939–1945
Successfully landed 650 miles east of
Oahu after losing power in two engines
while flying for the US Navy on
November 3, 1945. Aircraft mechanics
from the escort carrier Manila Bay were
unable to repair the engines at sea. The
seaplane tender San Pablo attempted
towing into port; but the flying boat was
damaged in a collision with the tender
and deliberately sunk on November 14
by Oerlikon 20 mm gunfire after salvage
was deemed impractical.[2]
NC18602
314
California
Clipper
1939–1950
Flew from Auckland to New York in
1941–1942.[14] Sold to World Airways
after the War and was scrapped in 1950.
NC18603
314
Yankee
Clipper
1939–1943
Started transatlantic mail service.
Crashed on February 22, 1943, when a
wing hit the water during a turn on
landing at Lisbon, Portugal. A total of 24
of 39 on board were killed.[22]
NC18604
314
Atlantic
Clipper
1939–1946
Purchased by the US Navy in 1942, but
operated by Pan Am; salvaged for parts.
NC18605
314
Dixie Clipper
1939–1950
Started transatlantic passenger service,
later sold to World Airways. First
presidential flight for the Casablanca
Conference. Scrapped 1950.
NC18606
314
American
Clipper
1939–1946
Later sold to World Airways. Scrapped
1950.
1941–1946
Temporarily named California Clipper to
replace 18602 that was being moved to
Atlantic service, renamed Pacific Clipper
in 1942. Later sold to Universal Airlines.
Damaged by storm and salvaged for
parts.
1941–1951
Sold to Universal Airlines 1946,
American International Airways 1947,
World Airways 1948. Sold privately 1951,
destroyed at Baltimore, Maryland 1951.
1941–1946
Sold to US Navy 1942, American
International Airways 1947. As the
Bermuda Sky Queen she ditched at sea
on October 14, 1947. After the rescue of
all passengers and crew she was sunk
by the United States Coast Guard as a
hazard to navigation.[23]
NC18609
NC18611
NC18612
314A
314A
314A
Pacific
Clipper
Anzac Clipper
Cape Town
Clipper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
6/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
Aircraft operated by BOAC
Registration
Type
Name
In service
Remarks
G-AGBZ
314A
(#2081)
Bristol
1941–1948
Originally NC18607, sold to General
Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as
NC18607 in 1948
G-AGCA
314A
(#2082)
Berwick
1941–1948
Originally NC18608, sold to General
Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as
NC18608 in 1948. This aircraft flew both
Winston Churchill and Lord Beaverbrook
(Minister of Aircraft Production) back to
the United Kingdom in mid-January,
1942 after the British Prime Minister's
extended stay in the United States
following Pearl Harbor. Churchill was the
first head of government to make a
transatlantic crossing by plane.[24]
G-AGCB
314A
(#2084)
Bangor
1941–1948
Originally NC18610, sold to General
Phoenix Corporation, Baltimore as
NC18610 in 1948
Surviving aircraft
None of the dozen 314s built between 1939 and 1941 survived
beyond 1951, with all 12 being scrapped, scuttled, cannibalized for
parts, or otherwise written off. Underwater Admiralty Sciences, a
non-profit oceanographic exploration and science research
organization based in Kirkland, Washington, announced in 2005,
at the 70th Anniversary of the first China Clipper flight in San
Francisco, its plans to survey, photograph, and possibly recover
the remains of the hulls of two sunken 314s: NC18601 (Honolulu
Clipper), scuttled in the Pacific Ocean in 1945; and NC18612
Full-size replica of a Boeing 314 at
(Bermuda Sky Queen, formerly Cape Town Clipper), sunk in the
the Foynes Flying Boat Museum,
Atlantic by the Coast Guard in 1947. UAS has also spent
County Limerick, Ireland
significant time at Pan Am reunions and with individual
crewmembers and employees of Pan Am conducting videotaped
interviews for the mission's companion documentary.[25][26]
However, as of 2014, no search or recovery had been attempted, with the most recent news from 2011
suggesting that the company was still in need of at least US$8 million to get the plan under way.[27]
There is a life-size 314 mockup at the Foynes Flying Boat Museum, Foynes, County Limerick,
Ireland.[28] The museum is at the site of the original transatlantic flying-boat terminus.[29]
Specifications (314A Clipper)
Data from Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II[30]
General characteristics
Crew: 11, including 2 cabin stewards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
7/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
Capacity: 68 day passengers and/or 36 sleeping
passengers / 5 short tons (4,536 kg) of mail and or
cargo
Length: 106 ft (32 m)
Wingspan: 152 ft (46 m)
Height: 20 ft 4.5 in (6.210 m)
Airfoil: root: NACA 0018; tip: NACA 0010[31]
Empty weight: 48,400 lb (21,954 kg)
Gross weight: 84,000 lb (38,102 kg)
Fuel capacity: 5,408 US gal (4,503 imp gal; 20,470 l)
in wing and sponson tanks
Powerplant: 4 × Wright 709C-14AC1 Twin Cyclone
14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines, 1,600 hp
(1,200 kW) each
Propellers: 3-bladed Hamilton Standard fullyfeathering constant-speed propellers
Performance
Maximum speed: 210 mph (340 km/h, 180 kn) at
6,200 ft (1,890 m)
Cruise speed: 188 mph (303 km/h, 163 kn) at 66.5% power at 11,000 ft (3,353 m)
Range: 3,685 mi (5,930 km, 3,202 nmi) normal, 4,900 mi (4,258 nmi; 7,886 km) at maximum
loaded weight
See also
Aircraft in fiction#Boeing 314
Related development
Boeing XB-15
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Dornier Do X
Latécoère 521
Martin M-130
Saunders-Roe Princess
Short Empire
Short S.26
Related lists
List of aircraft of World War II
List of seaplanes and amphibious aircraft
Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
8/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
1. Bowers December 1977, pp. 14–15.
2. Bogash, Robert A. "In Search of an Icon: The Hunt for a Boeing B-314 Flying Boat, Pan American
NC18601 – the Honolulu Clipper" (http://rbogash.com/B314.html) rbogash.com. Retrieved: July
31, 2011.
3. Bowers November 1977, pp. 28–35, 60–61.
4. Klaás 1989, pp. 17, 20.
5. "British Airways Concorde." (http://www.travelscholar.com/concorde/) Travel Scholar, Sound
Message, LLC. Retrieved: August 19, 2006.
6. Klaás 1989, p. 20.
7. Klaás 1989, p. 64.
8. Masland, William M. (1984). Through the Back Doors Of The World In A Ship That Had Wings.
New York: Vantage Press. ISBN 0-533-05818-X.
9. Transoceanic Travel and the Pan American Clippers" (http://www.flyingclippers.com/transoceanic.
html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20051111072018/http://www.flyingclippers.com/transo
ceanic.html) 2005-11-11 at the Wayback Machine FlyingClippers.com
10. "Boeing's Model 314 Clipper Flying Boat" (http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=outp
ut.cfm&file_id=3253) HistoryLink.org
11. Balfour, Harold (1973). Wings over Westminster. London: Hutchinson. pp. 141–155.
ISBN 0091143705.
12. Follett, Ken (1991). "Author's Note". Night over water. New York: William Morrow and Company.
p. 399. ISBN 0-688-04660-6. LCCN 91017701 (https://lccn.loc.gov/91017701).
13. Hardesty 2003, pp. 37–41.
14. Bull, John (August 2014). "The Long Way Round: The Plane that Accidentally Circumnavigated
the World" (https://medium.com/lapsed-historian/the-long-way-round-the-plane-that-accidentally-ci
rcumnavigated-the-world-c04ca734c6bb). Lapsed Historian. Medium.com. Retrieved
September 6, 2020.
15. Brock 1978, ch. VI.
16. Swanborough, Gordon; Bowers, Peter M. (1976). United States Navy Aircraft since 1911
(2nd ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 416. ISBN 0-87021-968-5.
17. Brock 1978, p. 224. Brock also reports cheap postwar availability to Pan Am of DC-4s and
"Connies" was an important factor.
18. Klaás 1990, p. 78.
19. Klaás 1993, pp. 16–18.
20. "BOAC" (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1948/1948%20-%201994.html) Corporations
Annual Reports. Flight 25 November 1948. p634
21. "From Pan Am To Boa: First of three Boeing 214—As now on British Empire Routes." (http://www.
flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1941/1941%20-%201412.html) Flight, June 26, 1941. Retrieved:
August 2, 2011.
22. "Accident Report: Boeing 314." (http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19430222-0)
Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved: August 2, 2011.
23. Morris, Ted. "Air-Sea Rescue at Ocean Station Charlie: The Bibb & Bermuda Sky Queen" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20100703093013/http://www.flyingboatmuseum.com/Ted_Morris_Site/charli
e3.html). flyingboatmuseum.com. Archived from the original (http://www.flyingboatmuseum.com/T
ed_Morris_Site/charlie3.html) on July 3, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
24. Lavery, Brian. “A Flying Hotel in the Fog.” Churchill Goes to War: Winston's Wartime Journeys
(Annapolis, MD: The Naval Institute Press, 2007), p. 94; Rogers Kelly, John C. (Capt). "The
Churchill Flight: His Pilot Reports the Trip to England" (https://books.google.com/books?id=PU4E
AAAAMBAJ&pg=PA28) Life Magazine, February 2, 1942. pp. 28–30
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
9/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
25. Johnston, Jeff (November 2005). "Clipper Discovery Update: The UAS Chronicles of the Honolulu
Clipper and Bermuda Sky Queen Discovery Project" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011052121310
7/http://www.nwrain.com/~newtsuit/uas/clipper-newsletter.pdf) (PDF). Underwater Admiralty
Sciences Newsletter. pp. 1, 12. Archived from the original (http://www.nwrain.com/~newtsuit/uas/c
lipper-newsletter.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-05-21. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
26. Johnston, Jeff (July 2007). "Clipper Discovery Update: The UAS Chronicles of the Honolulu
Clipper and Bermuda Sky Queen Discovery Project" (https://web.archive.org/web/2011093015594
6/http://www.nwrain.com/~newtsuit/uas/UASnewsletter_092608_LR.pdf) (PDF). Underwater
Admiralty Sciences Newsletter. pp. 1, 9. Archived from the original (http://www.nwrain.com/~newts
uit/uas/UASnewsletter_092608_LR.pdf) (PDF) on 2011-09-30. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
27. Bartly, Nancy (September 25, 2011). "Money sought to retrieve submerged Boeing Flying
Clippers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140607003837/http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/20
16319373_clipper26m.html). The Seattle Times. Archived from the original (http://seattletimes.co
m/html/localnews/2016319373_clipper26m.html) on 2014-06-07. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
28. Foynes Flying Boat & Maritime Museum (https://www.flyingboatmuseum.com/)
29. "Foynes Flying Boat Museum" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110120174653/http://flyingboatmus
eum.com/b314_replica.html). flyingboatmuseum.com. Archived from the original (http://www.flying
boatmuseum.com/b314_replica.html) on 2011-01-20. Retrieved December 2, 2007.
30. Bridgeman 1946, p. 211.
31. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" (https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraf
t.html). m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
Bibliography
Bowers, Peter M. "The Great Clippers, Part I." Airpower, Volume 7, No. 6, November 1977.
Bowers, Peter M. "The Great Clippers, Part II." Wings, Volume 7, No. 6, December 1977.
Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Boeing 314-A Clipper.” Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.
London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.
Brock, Horace. Flying the Oceans: A Pilot's Story of Pan Am, 1935–1955. New York: Jason
Aronson, Inc., 3d edition: 1978, ISBN 0-87668-632-3.
Dorr, Robert F. Air Force One. New York: Zenith Imprint, 2002. ISBN 0-7603-1055-6.
Dover, Ed. The Long Way Home: A Journey into History with Captain Robert Ford. (http://www.lon
gwayhome.com) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20190701083933/http://www.longwayhom
e.com/) 2019-07-01 at the Wayback Machine Albuquerque, New Mexico: Amazon POD, Revised
Edition 2010, First edition 2008. ISBN 978-0-615-21472-6.
Hardesty, Von. Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency. Chanhassen,
Minnesota: Northword Press, 2003. ISBN 1-55971-894-3.
Klaás, M.D. "Clipper Across the Pacific, Part One." Air Classics, Volume 25, No. 12, December
1989.
Klaás, M.D. "Clipper Across the Pacific, Part Two." Air Classics, Volume 26, No. 1, January 1990.
Klaás, M.D. "Clipper Flight 9035." Air Classics, Volume 29, No. 2, February 1993.
Klaás, M.D. "The Incredible Clippers." Air Classics, Volume 5, No. 5, June 1969.
Klaás, M.D. "When the Clippers Went to War" Air Classics, Volume 27, No. 4, April 1991.
"Towards the Flying Ship – Details of the Boeing 314 or Atlantic Clipper: A 100-passenger
Successor?" (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1938/1938%20-%202097.html) Flight,
July 21, 1938, pp. 67–68.
Yea, Hugh J. (1991). "Talkback". Air Enthusiast. No. 44. pp. 79–80. ISSN 0143-5450 (https://www.
worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
10/11
10/30/21, 5:22 PM
Boeing 314 Clipper - Wikipedia
External links
Boeing: Historical Snapshot: Model 314 Clipper Flying Boat (https://www.boeing.com/history/prod
ucts/model-314-clipper.page)
The Boeing 314 (https://web.archive.org/web/20100330015909/http://www.flyingclippers.com/B31
4.html)
Pan American Clippers 1931–1946 (https://web.archive.org/web/20100327132657/http://www.flyin
gclippers.com/panam.html)
Boeing 314 (http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/314.html)
Boeing 314 (http://www.clipperflyingboats.com/pan-am/boeing-b314)
Boeing 314 (http://www.zpub.com/sf/history/boeing314.html)
LIFE colour photo camouflaged Clipper La Guardia Marine Terminal ca.1942 (https://web.archive.
org/web/20150608164544/http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f10bfe81bc283e9b.html)
LIFE photo essay (comprehensive)'Pan American Clipper Ship' includes NC18605 in a glass
doored hangar 1940 (https://web.archive.org/web/20150608161310/http://images.google.com/hos
ted/life/2fdcf3d8c5a7579e.html)
LIFE photo Pan Am skipper flying the 314 (https://web.archive.org/web/20160410211034/http://im
ages.google.com/hosted/life/f2b8dc462992bb9e.html)
LIFE photo essay 'Pan American Clipper'includes Eve Curie leading pax off Clipper at Lisbon
1940 (https://web.archive.org/web/20160416081249/http://images.google.com/hosted/life/03e65df
af1a57b0d.html)
[1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20160413034901/http://images.google.com/hosted/life/c8402a84
8462cc5d.html)[2] (https://web.archive.org/web/20160412152100/http://images.google.com/hoste
d/life/e41a836a5bcf0166.html) LIFE photos NC18602 in Singapore Harbour 1941
China Clipper 75th Anniversary Commemorative Flight (November 2010 – San Francisco
Aeronautical Society) (http://www.ereleases.com/pr/china-clipper-75th-anniversary-commemorativ
e-flight-worlds-first-commercial-transoceanic-flight-announced-by-san-francisco-aeronautical-soci
ety-11915)
"Two Day Turn Around", February 1941 article (https://books.google.com/books?id=1SYDAAAAM
BAJ&pg=PA92)
"Three Deck Clipper Has Aisle In Wings", Popular Mechanics, August 1937, early article on Pan
American Airways new airliner for trans-ocean flight (https://books.google.com/books?id=79oDAA
AAMBAJ&pg=PA241)
"New York To Europe By Clipper", Popular MechanicsMay 1939, large article with cutaway
drawing of interior (https://books.google.com/books?id=X9wDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA668)
"Sailors of the Sky", Popular Mechanics, December 1940, detailed article with photos on flight
deck operations of the Boeing 314 (https://books.google.com/books?id=19kDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA
866)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boeing_314_Clipper&oldid=1051107995"
This page was last edited on 21 October 2021, at 16:38 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this
site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper
11/11