FINAL EXAM – World History SSWH 8 & 10 – NEW WORLD CIVILIZATIONS AND EUROPEAN EXPLORATION 1. The main motive for European exploration in the 1400s was _____. A. New navigational tools B. Direct route to Asia C. The invention of the caravel D. To get away from the Church’s corruption to start new nations 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for European exploration of the Pacific? A. looking for new trade routes to Asia B. searching for new lands suitable for cash crops C. desire to conquer India and China D. desire to spread Christianity 3. Why was Vasco da Gama’s voyage significant? A. he showed that the world was connected by water B. he demonstrated that the New World was a brand new continent C. he was the first European to sail around Africa to Asia D. he pirated Spanish gold from the Americas 4. _____ was an effect of the Columbian Exchange on European Society. A. Migration to the Americas declined B. New foods, animals and disease transformed the way people lived C. Horses were acquired for the first time D. The Christian Church was divided into Roman Catholic and Orthodox 5. The Ming dynasty of China used Zheng He’s voyages to _____. A. To show off Chinese power and trade with Africa and India B. Explore the Americas C. Secure a border agreement with Mongolia D. Obtain military alliance with Russia 6. Which of these is MOST TRUE of the African slave trade between 1500-1800? A. Europeans brought African slaves to the Americas to work in gold and silver mines B. slavery in Africa did not exist before European expansion into the New World C. Native Americans helped to oversee huge European plantations worked by slaves D. sugar and other cash crops demanded cheap labor that Europeans found in Africa 7. The global transfer of foods, plants and animals during the colonization of the Americas was the ______. A. Columbian Exchange B. encomienda C. Middle Passage D. Capitalism 8. The invention allowing an explorer to find lines of latitude was the _____. A. compass B. cartography C. astrolabe D. shaft 9. The Age of Discovery was initiated because sailors could travel greater distances from the shore because of _____. A. technological advancements B. movements of the continents spreading them farther apart C. man’s desire to find heaven D. a mistake in judgment 10. The Treaty of Tordesillas A. was an agreement between Spain and Portugal over how to divide the Americas B. was an arrangement between the Spanish crown and the natives C. allowed the British to control much of North America D. showed the power of the Dutch navy 11. All off the New World civilizations’ religions were based on _____. A. Tithes and offerings B. Polytheism and human sacrifice C. Human sacrifice and monotheism D. The teachings of the Catholic Church 12. The Mesoamerican civilization out of the valley of Mexico is considered to be the greatest empire of the Americas were able to establish pyramids and great monuments, this culture can be identified as _____. A. Inca B. Olmecs C. Eskimos D. Aztecs 13. Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations? A. Practicing ritual sacrifices to please the gods B. Equality among the social classes C. Direct democracy D. Monotheism 14. Christopher Columbus’s decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on A. assistance from an experienced Muslim sailor. B. secret information on trade routes that he had received indirectly from Chinese sources. C. legends left over from the earlier Viking voyages. D. his miscalculation of the distance from Europe to Japan. Use the list to answer the following question. cultural diffusion between old and new world began European colonization introduced slavery into America 15. Which statement would be an appropriate title for the list? A. Motives for the Age of Exploration B. Natives Response to Imperialism C. Cultural Impact of the Columbian Exchange D. Results of Zheng He’s Voyage SSWH 11: 1700 – 1900 Japan and China & SSWH 12: Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals 16. The main cultural goal of the Qing Dynasty was to maintain China’s_____. A. Global trade B. Appeal by continuing Zheng He’s work of glorifying China C. European partnership D. Cultural distinction 17. _____ was the Daimyo of Edo who took the title of Shogun and continued Tokugawa rule. A. Oda Nobunaga B. Kangxi C. Toyotomi Hideyoshi D. Tokugawa Ieyasu 18. The number of foreigners in Japan were limited, and the Japanese people weren’t allowed to leave, in order to maintain ______. A. Cultural diffusion B. Cultural distinction C. Japanese borders D. Government policies 19. Compared to Tokugawa Japan and Qing China, the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal Empires _____. A. were not tolerant of foreigners. B. Were very tolerant and used foreigners to run their government. C. Never sought to trade with anybody but themselves. D. Were never influenced by outsiders. 20. ____ were elite Ottoman soldiers that were part of the slave class. A. Janissaries B. Pashas C. Sultans D. Muslims SSWH 13: Science and Enlightenment & SSWH 14: Absolutism and Revolutions 21. The heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was first proposed by _____. A. Galileo Galilei B. Nicolaus Copernicus C. Francis Bacon D. Isaac Newton 22. Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution? A. The belief that the earth was at the center of the universe B. Improvements in medicine and scientific instruments C. Reliance on ancient authorities to explain the physical world D. The belief that the human body was similar to the anatomy of animals 23. Isaac Newton explained the _____. A. Law of universal gravitation. B. Anatomy of the human body. C. Chemical composition of matter. D. Function of blood vessels. 24. In general, philosophers of the Enlightenment believed in which of the following? A. Expanding women’s rights B. All Church decrees C. the true purpose of the government D. authoritarian rule 25. How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals? A. It stated that all titles of nobility should be abolished. B. It protected the rights of the accused and prohibited cruel punishment. C. It set up a system of checks and balances for the U.S. government. D. It said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 26. When kings or queens held all of the power within their state’s boundaries, this was known as ____. A. absolute monarchy B. dictatorship C. democracy D. tyranny 27. The absolute ruler who became czar and attempted to “westernize” Russia was _____. A. James I B. Genghis Khan C. Peter the Great D. Ivan III 28. Which of these options best describes the following quote: “Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains. Government is created by a contract with the people and receives its just powers from them”? A. It is the people who determine how government should be run B. Government exists because people cannot be trusted to govern themselves C. All governments allow certain basic freedoms D. None of the above. 29. The new government of William and Mary establish that the laws limited the ruler’s power, ended absolute monarchy in England and began ______. A. constitutional monarchy B. democracy C. dictatorship D. military rule 30. French citizens stormed this Paris prison looking for arms and gun powder, known as the _____. A. Bastille B. Shawshank C. Gulley D. National Assembly 31. The first Latin American territory to free itself from European rule was ____. A. Mexico B. Haiti C. Columbia D. Argentina 32. Which social class revolted in France during the French Revolution? A. Catholic clergy B. Working classes C. The nobility D. All of the above 33. Why was the Tennis Court Oath significant? A. It was the first true act of revolution in France. B. It was the first time an assembly had ever been held in France. C. It created tension between the nobles and the clergy. D. It was organized by Napoleon Bonaparte. 34. Which of these is true of The Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Declaration of Independence? A. Both promoted equal rights for men and women B. Both documents sought to overthrow an oppressive French government C. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a group of peasants D. Both documents dealt with freedom from political oppression 35. Which of these was NOT a cause of the French Revolution? A. weak leadership B. economic inflation C. wealth from the New World D. class struggles from the lowest class SSWH 15: Industrialization & SSWH 16: Imperialism 36. The first business to undergo major industrialization was A. banking. B. railroads. C. coal mining. D. textile production. 37. The free-market system of capitalism was analyzed and defended in the book The Wealth of Nations. Who wrote it? A. Adam Smith B. Thomas Paine C. Thomas Malthus D. Karl Marx 38. How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities? A. It created technology to clean them. B. It made them lose valuable sources of food. C. It made the populations grow faster than the housing supply. D. It made the crime rate drop. 39. The national boundaries that existed in Africa at the end of the 19th century can best be described as A. Ancient. B. Randomly imposed by Europeans. C. Geographically logical. D. Traditionally established. 40. Why did the British sell opium to China? A. To physically weaken the Chinese people so that they could be invaded. B. To keep the drug from being imported into Britain and its colonies. C. To create a balance of trade between Britain and China that was more in Britain’s favor D. To make the Chinese addicts so that they could be exported to Britain as slaves 41. What was the name of the meeting in 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa? A. The Berlin Conference B. The Treaty of Paris C. The Congress of Vienna D. The Yalta Conference 42. Imperialism is A. when countries trade with multiple trade partners. B. a stronger country assumes control of a weaker region. C. when two or more countries battle over a specific region. D. all of the above. 43. Who was the American naval officer who opened up trade with Japan? A. Commodore Matthew Perry B. Teddy Roosevelt C. Andrew Jackson D. Francis Drake 44. Mestizos and mulattoes were treated as second-class citizens in the Americas because A. Europeans dominated society up until the 1800s. B. feelings of racism based on ethnicity. C. the social structure created by European colonization. D. all of the above. 45. One of the major causes for the birth of socialism was A. the demand for agricultural changes. B. the need for more effective government. C. the demand for an economy based on free-trade. D. the poor treatment of factory workers. 46. The Industrial Revolution A. increased the wealth of the working class. B. created a greater disparity of wealth between the rich and poor. C. improved the lives of factory workers. D. did not impact wealth distribution. 47. What is urbanization? A. people moving into the city B. people moving away from the city C. people commuting to work in the city from rural areas D. when the population decreases 48. Who wrote the Communist Manifesto? A. Karl Marx B. Otto von Bismark C. Adam Smith D. John Locke 49. Which of these was NOT a negative impact of the Industrial Revolution? A. urbanization increased, leading to disease and pollution B. birth rates increased dramatically in industrial societies C. social inequality grew D. children worked for low wages 50. A mestizo is someone A. Born in Europe. B. Who is a European born in the Americas. C. Who is mixed Native American and European. D. Who is mixed African and European. SSWH 17: WWI and Treaty of Versailles & SSWH 18: Societies B/w – WWI and WWII 51. Entangling alliances prior to 1914 increased the likelihood of _____. A. Small disputes becoming full-scale war B. The spread of democratic ideas C. The end of colonization D. Nations finding protection from colonial exploitation 52. The Munich Conference came to symbolize the dangers of what? A. appeasement B. communism C. foreign attack D. democracy 53. The leader of the Chinese Communist Revolution was known as ______. A. B. C. D. Winston Churchill Benito Mussolini Mao Zedong Jiang Jieshi 54. Known as the Mahatma, or “Great Soul”, what Congress Party leader was assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu extremist? A. Confucius B. Jawaharlal Nehru C. Mohandas Gandhi D. Hirohito 55. In Mein Kampf, what did Hitler say about Germany? A. Germans were the master race B. Germany should rise to power again C. the Treaty of Versailles was a disgrace D. all of the above 56. Why did the Russian Revolution take place? A. peasants and serfs of Russia demanded change after years of poverty and oppression B. Russian nobles decided to seize the throne from the czar C. Russian soldiers revolted and stormed Moscow D. the royal family could no longer properly rule the country according the aristocracy 57. All of the following were characteristics of the communist Soviet Union and China EXCEPT A. privatized ownership of agricultural production B. the use of propaganda C. collective farms D. an economic system based on a command economy 58. What was the Night of the Long Knives? A. night that Hitler committed suicide B. night Hitler became the head of the Nazi party C. night when Hitler killed hundreds of his political enemies D. night when Hitler’s army marched into Bulgaria 59. Who was the absolute ruler of Russia who came to power after Lenin died? A. Stalin B. Marx C. Hitler D. Mussolini 60. Which of these was NOT a cause of World War I? A. The rise of Benito Mussolini in Italy B. A tangled system of alliances in Europe C. Countries practicing militarism D. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand 61. In the Treaty of Versailles, what country received the “war guilt” of World War I? A. Germany B. Austria-Hungary C. Italy D. Russia 62. Gandhi promoted all of the following EXCEPT A. boycotting British goods B. nonviolent resistance C. an independent India D. separate countries for Muslims and Hindus SSWH 19: WWII & SSWH 20: Cold War 63. The largest land and sea invasion in history took place during World War II, on the beaches of Normandy, and was known as ______. A. The Schlieffen Plan B. Korean invasion C. Boxer Rebellion D. D-Day 64. What does the use of kamikaze pilots show about Japanese culture? A. They hated Americans enough to die while killing them. B. They did not mind dying because they expected to lose the war. C. They were full of despair after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. D. They valued national honor more than individual life. 65. The 1935 laws that deprived Jews of their rights to German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews is known as the _____. A. Justinian Code B. Hammurabi’s Codes C. Nuremberg Laws D. Napoleonic Codes 66. During World War II, what strategy were the Allied forces forced to use against the Japanese? A. island-hopping in the Pacific B. unrestricted submarine warfare C. bombing naval bases in Korea D. none of the above 67. Why did the US declare war on the Axis Powers during World War II? A. Zimmerman telegram B. the bombing of Pearl Harbor C. unrestricted submarine warfare by the Germans on US ships D. the US had an alliance with Great Britain 68. What caused the Japanese to surrender to the United States? A. the death of emperor Hirohito B. the defeat at Guadalcanal C. the US dropped the atomic bomb on two Japanese cities D. because of the defeat of Germany 69. What race of people did Hitler try to eliminate? A. Jews ` B. Slavs C. Croats D. Muslims 70. What strategic location did Japan attack on December 7, 1941 in hopes of eventually attacking the mainland United States? A. Hawaii B. Midway C. Iwo Jima D. the Philippines Use the map above to answer questions 71-73 71. The map to the left shows A. what happened to Germany after World War II B. Germany before World War I C. Germany after World War I D. Germany today 72. The map to the left shows three zones. Which three countries supported West Germany in the three zones: A. France, Great Britain & Austria B. France, Switzerland & Great Britain C. USA, France & Great Britain D. USA, Great Britain, & Austria 73. Where would you expect to live under the WORST economic and political conditions? A. Prague B. Stuttgart C. Bremen D. Hamburg. 74. Why was the United States involved in the Korean War? A. because North Korea was an American ally B. the United States wanted to stop the spread of communism into South Korea C. the US believed that the Soviet Union had given Korea nuclear missiles D. the Korean War was about economic growth in East Asia 75. The United States and the Soviet Union had a dangerous standoff over the presence of Soviet missiles in A. Iraq. B. Iran. C. Cuba. D. Afghanistan.
